Academic literature on the topic 'Nuages – Arctique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nuages – Arctique"
Rivière, Gwendal, Léa Raillard, Julien Delanoë, Sophie Bounissou, Christophe Caudoux, Laure Cossalter, Kevin Huet, et al. "Thinice : campagne de mesure aéroportée dédiée à l'étude des dépressions arctiques et des interactions avec les nuages et la banquise." La Météorologie, no. 119 (2022): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2022-0074.
Full textHillaire-Marcel, Claude. "Les faunes des mers post-glaciaires du Québec : quelques considérations paléoécologiques." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 34, no. 1 (January 28, 2011): 3–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000383ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Nuages – Arctique"
Coopman, Quentin. "Impact des aérosols sur les nuages en Arctique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10154/document.
Full textThe Arctic region is warming particularly rapidly. The aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) plays an important role on cloud radiative properties and climate change but aerosol impact on cloud microphysical parameters is still poorly understood.In this study we combine measurements from the satellite instruments POLDER-3 and MODIS to temporally and spatially co-localize cloud microphysical properties with carbon monoxide concentrations, passive tracer of aerosol content, from GEOS-Chem and FLEXPART. We also add ERA-I reanalysis of meteorological parameters to stratify meteorological parameters, such as specific humidity and lower tropospheric stability. Thus, observed differences in cloud-microphysical-parameters can be attributed to differences in aerosol content and not in meteorological parameters. We define a net ACI (ACInet) which can be interpreted as a measure of the sensitivity of a cloud at any given location to pollution plumes from distant sources. We study the impact of aerosols from anthropogenic and biomass-burning sources on liquid-cloud microphysical properties in Arctic, between 2005 and 2010, above ocean, and for different meteorological regimes. Our results suggest that the effect of biomass pollution plumes is smaller than the effect of anthropogenic pollution plumes. Meteorological parameters can significantly influence the ACI. We analyze the impact of anthropogenic aerosol on thermodynamic phase transition. The smaller the effective radius, the greater the supercooled temperature, whereas the greater the aerosol concentration, the smaller the supercooled temperature
Jouan, Caroline. "Les nuages de glace en arctique : mécanismes de formation." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843520.
Full textLoyer, Lilian. "Étude de processus-clés de la couche limite nuageuse en Arctique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS251.
Full textThe study of the Arctic atmosphere is of growing scientific interest, as its surface temperature increases two to three times faster than in the rest of the world. Clouds are a key element in the energy balance of the ocean-ice atmosphere system in the Arctic because of the modulation they exert on the radiation. However, the formation and persistence of these clouds are still poorly represented in atmospheric models, as well as the boundary layer where they reside. A better understanding of the feedbacks between clouds and ice surfaces is crucial to analyze and predict the evolution of the Arctic climate. As part of the IAOOS project, an integrated observing system aboard buoys drifting in the Arctic Ocean collected simultaneous real-time information on the state of the upper ocean, the lower atmosphere and the Arctic sea ice. Part of these observations coincided with the N-ICE field campaign north of Svalbard in 2015. The work carried out in this thesis aims at better quantifying the different terms of the surface energy balance under various environmental and surface conditions and to improve the representation in the regional model Polar-WRF of clouds in the Arctic boundary layer
Maillard, Julia. "Boundary layer processes impacting the surface energy balance in the Arctic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS515.pdf.
Full textThe Arctic is warming at two to three times as fast as the rest of the Earth, and it is therefore a crucial area of study for atmospheric scientists. This thesis aimed to gain insight on two characteristics of the Arctic boundary-layer (clouds and surface based temperature inversions) and to determine their impact on the surface energy balance through a combination of novel measurements and modelling. First, a novel statistic of cloud frequency and characteristics over the Arctic sea-ice was derived from a set of 1777 lidar profiles obtained during the 5-year Ice, Atmosphere, Ocean Observation Systems (IAOOS) campaign. Clouds were found to occur more than 85% of the time from May to October and single cloud layers were optically and geometrically thickest in October. Total cloud radiative forcing over a typical summer cycle was estimated to be negative for optically thin clouds, but positive for optically thick clouds. Second, the impact of wind speeds on the development of surface-based temperature inversions (SBIs) in the continental Arctic was investigated. The analysis of measurements from the pre-ALPACA winter 2019 campaign that took place in Fairbanks, Alaska, showed that a local, likely topographically driven flow developed under anticyclonic conditions. This flow inhibited the development of strong SBIs by sustaining significant turbulence even under very strong radiative cooling. The modelling of clear-sky surface layer temperature inversions and their dependence on wind speed was then studied, with a focus on forest areas. A 2-layer analytical model of the vegetated surface layer was developed. This model exhibited a slower decrease of the SBI strength with wind speed compared to a 1-layer model, which was shown to be coherent with observations at an Ameriflux site close to Fairbanks. These models were then compared to two WRF surface layer schemes, which were found to place excessive limits on the turbulence, preventing the development of large temperature gradients
Blanchard, Yann. "Analyse du potentiel de la radiométrie infrarouge thermique pour la caractérisation des nuages de glace en Arctique." Phd thesis, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753586.
Full textRivière, Emmanuel. "Modélisation physico-chimique de la stratosphère arctique : études des nuages stratosphériques polaires et des interactions entre composés halogénés et composés azotés." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2054.
Full textGuyot, Gwennolé. "Caractérisation des propriétés microphysiques des nuages et de l'interaction aérosol-nuage en Arctique à partir de mesures in-situ au sol pendant la campagne CLIMSLIP-NyA, Svalbard." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22699/document.
Full textThe arctic region is especially sensitive to climate change. At high latitudes, arctic clouds have an important effect on the surface radiative budget. The first part of this work consists in a ground based cloud instrumentation intercomparison in the PUY station in May 2013. The measurements showed a good correlation between the effective diameters and the droplet size distributions obtained by the instruments, but with a systematical bias on the concentrations. These biases have been relied to the assessment of the sampling volume and we thus proposed a methodology to standardize the data according to an ensemble of particles probe. Moreover, the FSSP and the FM have been the subject of experiments to assess the influence of the deflection angle according to exterior wind and the wind speed. The second part of this work is about the measurement campaign at the Mount-Zeppelin station, Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, from March to May 2012 in the frame of the CLIMSLIP project. A comparison has been performed between a « polluted » case, with air masses coming from East Asia and Europe, and a « clean » case, where the aerosol sources are predominantly local and do not exceed the northern Europe. The results showed that the polluted case possessed higher concentrations in BC, aerosols and drops, an accumulation mode more important, weaker droplet diameters and higher activation fraction. Finally, the first and second aerosol indirect effects have been quantified
Mariage, Vincent. "Développement et mise en oeuvre de LiDAR embarqués sur bouées dérivantes pour l'étude des propriétés des aérosols et des nuages en Arctique et des forçages radiatifs induits." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066580/document.
Full textTo improve our knowledge of the processes and interactions which occur in Arctic between atmosphere, sea ice and ocean, an EQUIPEX funding was granted to the IAOOS project. This improvement will be reached by deploying a network of multi-instrumented buoys. For the atmospheric analyses an innovative backscattering LiDAR meeting with constraints of the project and arctic environment has been developed. An analytical model of signal to noise ratio in clear sky led to the instrumental key parameters, and numerical simulations helped in improving the system performances. An evolutive prototype has been realized within the tight planning of this EQUIPEX. The first whole equiped buoy was deployed close to the north pole in April 2014 and worked until the beginning of December 2014. A second deployment of two buoys, including a polarized version, was then realized within the N-ICE campaign from January to June 2015. These first campaigns gave first statistics of aerosols and clouds distribution in the central arctic region with an autonomous LiDAR. First results show frequent aerosols layers in mid-troposphere during spring, as well as a high occurence of very low clouds. LiDAR measurements were also used to estimate downwelling longwave and shortwave at surface. Results obtained from these first deployments and comparisons with analysis and outputs from the WRF model show a first overview of what can be expected from this network of multi-instrumented buoys in the central arctic region
Arouf, Assia. "Surface longwave cloud radiative effect derived from space lidar observations : application in the Arctic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS173.
Full textClouds play an important role in regulating Earth’s energy budget at the surface. For example, clouds absorb thermal radiation emitted by Earth’s surface and reemit it toward the surface and warming the surface. This can be quantified through surface LongWave (LW) Cloud Radiative Effect (CRE). However, surface LW CRE on a global scale is not well retrieved and its instantaneous and interdecadal variability is poorly known. Indeed, it depends highly on vertical cloud distribution, which is poorly documented globally. In this thesis, we propose to retrieve the surface LW CRE over 13 years (2008 − 2020) at a global scale using Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spaceborne lidar observations. From 1D radiative transfer computations, we establish linear parametrizations between surface LW CRE and cloud properties including cloud altitude. Combining the parametrizations with the cloud observations, we derive two datasets of surface LW CRE, at monthly–2° × 2° gridded scale and instantaneously at full CALIPSO horizontal resolution (90 m cross-track; 330 m along orbit-track). We found that clouds warm the surface by 27.0 W/m2 over the 2008 − 2020 time period at a global scale. Surface LW CRE is particularly important in polar regions such that clouds may have an effect on ice melting. By instantaneously co-locating surface cloud warming and sea ice observations in regions where sea ice varies, we showed that large surface cloud warming values (> 80 W/m2 ) are much more frequent over open water than over sea ice during late Fall. Our results suggest that clouds may delay sea ice freeze-up later into the Fall
Mariage, Vincent. "Développement et mise en oeuvre de LiDAR embarqués sur bouées dérivantes pour l'étude des propriétés des aérosols et des nuages en Arctique et des forçages radiatifs induits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066580.
Full textTo improve our knowledge of the processes and interactions which occur in Arctic between atmosphere, sea ice and ocean, an EQUIPEX funding was granted to the IAOOS project. This improvement will be reached by deploying a network of multi-instrumented buoys. For the atmospheric analyses an innovative backscattering LiDAR meeting with constraints of the project and arctic environment has been developed. An analytical model of signal to noise ratio in clear sky led to the instrumental key parameters, and numerical simulations helped in improving the system performances. An evolutive prototype has been realized within the tight planning of this EQUIPEX. The first whole equiped buoy was deployed close to the north pole in April 2014 and worked until the beginning of December 2014. A second deployment of two buoys, including a polarized version, was then realized within the N-ICE campaign from January to June 2015. These first campaigns gave first statistics of aerosols and clouds distribution in the central arctic region with an autonomous LiDAR. First results show frequent aerosols layers in mid-troposphere during spring, as well as a high occurence of very low clouds. LiDAR measurements were also used to estimate downwelling longwave and shortwave at surface. Results obtained from these first deployments and comparisons with analysis and outputs from the WRF model show a first overview of what can be expected from this network of multi-instrumented buoys in the central arctic region
Book chapters on the topic "Nuages – Arctique"
MERCIER, Denis. "Le changement climatique à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales." In Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 5–24. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch1.
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