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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'NSW'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Todd, Katherine. "Health Protection in NSW." Master's thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147911.

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Health protection involves the prevention and control of threats to health from both communicable diseases and the environment. I conducted a variety of projects across the breadth of Health Protection within NSW Health between March 2016 and October 2017 to fulfil the requirements of the Masters of Philosophy in Applied Epidemiology (MAE). My first placement was within the Enteric and Zoonotic Diseases division of the Communicable Disease Branch. A large outbreak of Salmonella Saintpaul occurred in Australia between December 2015 and June 2016 with a total of 547 confirmed and probable cases notified. When I commenced in March 2016 this outbreak had been underway since December 2015 with no clear vehicle of infection identified. I conducted a case-control study including 72 confirmed cases and 144 controls from SA and NSW which identified that Mung bean sprout consumption was reported by 40.6% (28/69) of cases and 4.3% (6/140) of controls (OR 14.6, 95% CI 5.9-39.4). This outbreak led to a recall of mung bean sprouts from an implicated sprouter in South Australia and public messaging about the safe preparation and consumption of bean sprouts. In July 2016 six states and territories of Australia were affected by a large outbreak of Salmonella Hvittingfoss with 144 confirmed and suspected cases notified. I led a coordinated multi-jurisdictional investigation to identify the source of infection and control the outbreak, including conducting a case-control study. The epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigation implicated consumption of rockmelon (OR 7.2, 95%CI 1.87-27.93) from a single producer as a significant risk for infection. The producer initiated a voluntary recall of the product. My second placement was in the Environmental Health Branch of Health Protection. I completed a review of the epidemiology of notifications in NSW to provide a snapshot of elevated blood lead levels in NSW and to inform an evaluation of the NSW elevated blood lead surveillance system. There were 9,486 notifications of elevated blood lead from 1997–2016, with an average annual notification rate of 6.9 per 100,000. I analysed notification data for by age, sex, geographic area, exposure and occupation and compared notification rates over time and between geographic regions. I identified several limitations with the dataset that made it difficult to analyse notification rates, particularly by risk and exposure history and by blood lead level, and made recommendations to improve the data collection system. I also collected qualitative data about the function of the blood lead surveillance system by conducting face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders throughout NSW. Key areas for improvement in the system included changes to the way data is entered into the surveillance system, greater guidance for public health units on following up notifications, a review of the information collected on exposure, and guidance regarding liaising with occupational health regulatory agencies to ensure follow-up of occupational notifications. Through completing these projects, I made valuable contributions to protecting the health of NSW residents.

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Saunders, Anthony S. J., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Comparative ecology of the noisy friarbird Philemon corniculatus (Latham 1790) and the red wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata (Shaw 1790) in central eastern New South Wales." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Saunders_A.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/780.

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Densities and behaviour of Noisy Friarbirds Philemon corniculatus and Red Wattlebirds Anthochaera carunculata were measured during 1992 and 1993 at six sites along an east-west transect through central New South Wales from the Central Coast through to the Central Western Slopes, and at Goobang National Park from 1993 to 1996. Both P. corniculatus and A. carunculata were found to be mostly canopy foragers with occasional forays into the shrub layer when food resources became available there. Flower-probing and foliage gleaning comprised the bulk of foraging behaviour. Most of the food resources used by these honeyeaters were seasonally unreliable and unpredictable, so that they needed to shift between foods and track them over hundreds of kilometres. A strong relationship was found between the densities of honeyeaters and the density of flowering trees at both regional and local scales. Sites on the western slopes were more important for nectar during winter and spring, while sites on the tablelands provided a greater diversity of foods over all seasons. When foraging at foliage, both honeyeaters were found to preferentially select Eucalyptus punctata. These two honeyeaters are very mobile and appear to cope within the fragmented landscape. Their ecological role as plant pollinators, seed dispersers and insect population limiters may have increased proportionally due to habitat fragmentation compared with less mobile species with similar ecological roles. Hence they may also have become more important in maintaining habitat patch quality Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Smith, Karen. "Study of intermediate footrot in New South Wales (NSW) Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29436.

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Ovine footrot is a contagious disease of sheep caused by Dichelobacter nodosus which results in production losses and compromises the welfare of animals. The severity of disease which develops is on a spectrum, with benign, intermediate and virulent forms of disease described. The pathogenicity of three aprV2-positive D. nodosus field isolates were tested in a pen trial. Foot lesions typically associated with benign or intermediate footrot developed in the animals inoculated with the arV2- positive isolates. The efficacy of a serogroup specific bi-valent vaccine against benign and intermediate footrot was tested in four sheep farms in NSW. The use of the serogroup-specific vaccine can be effective at controlling some intermediate strains of D. nodosus. The antibody concentrations for the serogroups included in the vaccine at each farm were generally above concentrations required for protective immunity. The utility of pooled sample testing was examined using 572-foot swabs samples collected from six sheep farms in Tasmania and one farm in NSW. The test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the three multiplex PCR assays differed between sample types, individual serogroups and each of the three multiplex PCR assays. The pooling of five DNA samples may improve the cost effectiveness of diagnostic testing. A questionnaire survey was developed and completed by 43 sheep farmers in NSW. Risk factors associated with footrot and other hoof diseases were identified and it was determined sheep farmers in NSW consider benign and intermediate footrot an important disease which negatively affects the health and welfare of affected animals. The association between the aprV2 gene and virulence has not been established in Australian strains of D. nodosus. A method was developed to examine gene expression levels and when incubated for 5 days, the level of gene expression of isolates classified as virulent was higher than isolates classified as benign.

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Mayson, Eleni. "Investigating Obstetric Blood Transfusion Practice in New South Wales (NSW)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13846.

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Aims to investigate obstetric blood transfusion practice at maternity hospitals in NSW with a range of geographical locations, clinical settings and obstetric transfusion rates including the antepartum use of intravenous (IV) iron and postpartum use of single unit red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Methods A qualitative research study using semi-structured interviews was conducted. Nine maternity hospitals were chosen to cover a range of clinical settings and obstetric transfusion rates in NSW. Interviews were conducted in person with haematologists, obstetricians and midwives. Results There were 5 high-transfusing and 4 low-transfusing hospitals. 125 interviews were conducted, 61 with doctors: 42 with obstetric training and 19 with haematology training. High-transfusing hospitals were more likely to be rural or geographically isolated, have fewer staff numbers, smaller blood inventories and less stringent blood product regulation. Hospital/pharmaceutical, clinician and patient factors influenced the decision to use IV iron. Clinician-based and external factors influenced single unit transfusion use. Most doctors with obstetric training (54%) would initiate transfusion with two RBC units. Conclusion Hospital, clinician and patient-level factors influenced obstetric transfusion practice. Clinical context, resource availability, clinician knowledge and experience, and perceptions of utility of specific interventions were important. The findings have implications for clinician education, blood product provision and inventory management.

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Steele, Frances A., of Western Sydney Nepean University, Faculty of Education, and School of Teaching and Educational Studies. "Teaching biotechnology in NSW schools." THESIS_FE_TES_Steele_F.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/671.

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Agriculture, industry and medicine are being altered by new biological technologies. Today's students are the citizens who will make decisions about associated ethical issues. They need to have the knowledge that will enable them to make informed choices. Hence biotechnology has an important place in science education. The aims of the research were to: 1/describe the state of biotechnology teaching in NSW; 2/determine whether teachers in NSW do not teach biotechnology because they do not have the necessary knowledge and experience; 3/identify other reasons why NSW teachers choose not to teach biotechnology; 4/describe problems encountered in teaching biotechnology in NSW; 5/suggest ways in which the problems encountered in the teaching of biotechnology can be overcome. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in a complementary way to investigate these aims. In a sample of teachers surveyed, many reported that they chose not to teach biotechnology because they did not have adequate knowledge and experience. Other obstacles were identified. These were: 1/ the difficulty of the subject matter; 2/ the lack of practical work; 3/ lack of a program for biotechnology in junior science. The results of this trial suggested that a biotechnology unit should be developed in collaboration with the teacher and that time needs to be made available for school based program development. Master of Education (Hons)

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Poole, Isaac Kirby. "Empirical essays in NSW auctions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12148.

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This thesis empirically examines why an agent, a seller or a buyer, will choose to hold or attend one particular sales mechanism over another. I examine this question using housing sales data and government bond auction data from the Australian State of NSW. In Chapter one I test whether auction or private treaty achieves higher revenue for a seller of a house in NSW, using an hedonic framework of house valuations. I hypothesise that auctions perform better when the value of the object is more dispersed. My results show that auctions do achieve higher revenue, and that more unique properties benefit even more from auctions over private treaty. In Chapter two I test whether a certain type of buyer or seller can achieve a better bargaining outcome through auction and private treaty sale. I use a regression model that explains the bargaining outcome with reference to a combination of property-related characteristics. I find that certain seller types do achieve better bargaining outcomes for private treaty sales, but there is no significant advantage for auction sales. Chapters three through five test whether discriminatory price government bond auctions achieve higher revenue than uniform-price auctions in NSW. I use a resampling method to estimate bidder valuations. I find that on average, discriminatory-price auctions achieve lower revenue than a counterfactual auction. But I then extend the analysis to include secondary market prices in the estimation of bidder valuations. When I account for the presence of secondary markets, I find that the original result is reversed and revenue raised using discriminatory-price auctions is higher than could be achieved in a counterfactual auction.

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Steele, Frances A. "Teaching biotechnology in NSW schools." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/671.

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Steele, Frances A. "Teaching biotechnology in NSW schools /." View thesis View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030901.124743/index.html.

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Edwards, Adam Glen. "The law and reality of the coal seam gas industry in NSW." Thesis, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uSa41cfLRA&index=9&list=PL8rZPGPMzfuK7yVuY31rWGFkHM_DF1ItU, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/13622.

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You’ve all seen the signs at the side of the road, Stop Coal Seam Gas, so is the Sun rising or setting on the Coal Seam Gas industry. Well, I’m not quite sure yet, but I know what the problem is. The public don’t trust gas companies and the government to protect the environment. And the problem isn’t just here; it’s worldwide and getting worse. So I like to tell people my research is about sustainable development, delivering better environmental outcomes, and public engagement.

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Mitchell, Tanya Louise. "Understanding the Summary Jurisdiction in NSW." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17965.

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This thesis presents an analysis of the NSW summary criminal jurisdiction (the ‘summary jurisdiction’). The summary jurisdiction is a dynamic criminal justice apparatus where magistrates preside over the determination of liability for certain proscribed behaviours in the lower courts without the intervention of a jury. My close analysis of the summary jurisdiction tells the previously little-known story of its development and offers a basis for critique. Adopting a socio-historical approach, this thesis offers a fresh analysis. At a broad level, change over time in the summary jurisdiction can be seen as following a trajectory of formalisation. I argue that ‘formalisation’ is a useful concept for understanding the historical development of the summary jurisdiction. It has four overlapping and interacting dimensions that assume differing degrees of significance at different times. Those dimensions are: juridification; rationalisation; professionalisation together with what I call ‘lawyerification’; and the separation of law from other spheres of social power. Formalisation has been a product of changing legitimation demands and attempts to increase the efficiency of the criminal law. Applying formalisation as a lens through which to view the development of the summary jurisdiction reveals how the summary jurisdiction has achieved the criminalisation of behaviours that have been constructed as harmful.

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Lees, Jennifer Anne, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Humanities. "Eisteddfoditis : the significance of the City of Sydney Eisteddfod in Australian cultural history 1933-1941." THESIS_CAESS_HUM_Lees_J.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/714.

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This thesis documents the early history of the City of Sydney Eisteddfod from its beginning in 1933 until it recessed in 1941 for the duration of the Pacific War. Eisteddfods had long been commonplace in Australia, but this competition began for political rather than cultural reasons in 1932, when organisers of the Harbour Bridge celebrations decided that since the spectacular edifice had made Sydney an icon on the world map, the city needed to cultivate a more sophisticated image. In observing events that led to its establishment, the project looks at the technological revolution of the 1920s and the social upheaval of the jazz age. This thesis observes that Sydney competition was Welsh only in name and grew from the political roots of the high and lowbrow debates that had come to divide society. In examining these issues, this thesis focuses on the Sydney contest, the talent that rose from its stages and the cultural revival that exploded in its wake. Written as a narrative history, this thesis draws mostly from empirical sources. It includes a statistical analysis and a substantial amount of original material Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Wotho, Edison Nyalalani. "Communication in organisations : a review of the New South Wales Departmant of Agriculture and Fisheries communication system." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1989. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26263.

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The aim of this study was to explore and evaluate the internal communication structure of the New South Wales Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. The research was carried out in the period of May to October, 1989. Field work was carried out in Goulburn (headquarters for Central West, South Eastern and Illawara Region), Maitland (headquarters for New England, Hunter and Metropolitan Region) and Dubbo (headquarters for Orana and Far West Region). Face-to-face interviews were conducted. Forty one extension workers and supervisors participated. Chapters 1 and 2 describe the the history of the Department since its inception in 1890 to date. The physical growth and structural changes that have taken place are discussed in detail. In Chapters 3 and 4, the study reviews the theories of communication in organisations and how extension work relates to these views. More importantly, an attempt is made to express different views on what makes an organisation’s communication system more efficient and indeed effective. The results show that the amount of formal communication is left to the discretion of the Regional Directors of Advisory Services. They also show a lack of incentives to motivate the extension workers to pursue further studies. In addition they challenge the method adopted for identifying the extension workers’ training needs.

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Tadkaew, Nichanan. "Monitoring of seagrasses in Lake Illawarra, NSW." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070821.142240/index.html.

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Anderson, Christopher. "Pathogens of cotton seedlings in NSW Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12804.

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This study aimed to further expand understanding of the pathogens of cotton seedlings across NSW, and to identify pathogens associated with increased seedling mortality in southern NSW. A total of 230 organisms were recovered into pure culture from 192 locations and most screened for pathogenicity. The genera Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Fusarium, Macrophomina, and Sclerotium were isolated from diseased tissues and pathogens included R. solani anastomosis group (AG) 2-1, 2-2 IIIB, 3, 4 HG-I and 4 HG-III, Pythium sp., P. ultimum, P. helicoides and S. rolfsii. Pathogenicity of R. solani AG 3 and P. helicoides against cotton is novel. Pathogenic Pythium spp. were more commonly associated with samples from southern NSW. There was no variation in aggressiveness between isolates of Pythium from northern and southern regions, and pesticide controlled pathogen growth on amended agar and seedling disease in pots. The aggressiveness of Pythium spp. towards cotton was increased under temperatures reflective of Griffith NSW indicating that cool temperatures are probably the main driver behind increased aggressiveness of Pythium spp. and may account for historically high levels of seedling death in the south. Isolates of P. helicoides were insensitive to metalaxyl-M on pesticide amended agar and when exposed to pesticide seed treatment and caused root rot. Among AGs of R. solani, isolates of AG 4 HG III grew fastest among isolates at 30°C, whilst isolates of AG 4 HG I were most aggressive at all temperatures. Isolates of AG 2-1 displayed an intermediate level of aggressiveness and insensitivity to azoxystrobin. Isolates of AG 2-2 IIIB and AG 3 caused the lowest levels of disease among isolates. A distinct clade was identified among AG 3 ITS sequences belonging to isolates from cotton in Australia. AG 3 isolates from cotton caused disease on cotton seedlings but not on potato suggesting support for the phylogenetic specialisation of AG 3 on cotton or the Malvaceae in Australia.

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Hobbs, Roger, and n/a. "The builders of Shoalhaven 1840s-1890s : a social history and cultural geography." University of Canberra. Design & Architecture, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070122.163159.

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According to architect Robin Boyd (1952 rev. ed. 1968), ʹthe Australian country house took its pattern, not directly from the English countryside, but second‐hand from the Australian cityʹ in the nineteenth century. This thesis explores the introduction of domestic architectural ideas in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area (LGA) from the 1840s to the 1890s, and concludes that Boydʹs premise, including his five principal plan types, applied in general, subject to regional geographical parameters. The Illawarra and South Coast districts dominated New South Wales dairy farming by the 1860s. The transfer of architectural ideas to the Shoalhaven LGA was facilitated by steam shipping lines from 1855, as the dominant vector, which provided access to the Sydney markets. Architectural development began with a masonry construction boom during the 1860s and 1870s, followed by a timber construction boom in the 1880s and 1890s. In the Ulladulla District development was influenced by local stonemasons and Sydney architects from the 1860s‐1870s, as well as regional developments in the Illawarra, which also influenced Kangaroo Valley in the 1870s. The Nowra Area, the administrative and commercial focus of the Shoalhaven District from 1870, was where architectural developments in timber and masonry were greatest, influenced by regional developments, Sydney architects and carpenters and builders of German origin and training. A local architectural grammar and style began to develop in the 1880s and 1890s, assisted by the railway, which arrived at Bomaderry near Nowra in 1893. However, the depression and drought of the 1890s resulted in a hiatus in construction, exacerbated by the First World War 1914‐1918, in common with the rest of New South Wales.

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Eves, Alfred Christopher, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, College of Law and Business, and of Construction Property and Planning School. "An analysis of rural land prices :1975-1996." THESIS_CLAB_CPP_Eves_A.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/767.

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The rural land market in Australia is a very complex property market. This complexity is not limited to the volatility of the returns in the rural land market, but also those factors that influence the change inland prices within specific rural property markets. Rural land returns – over the period 1975-1996, there has been higher than the returns achieved from residential and commercial real estate in respective rural areas: traditional farming areas have not provided the same level of returns as developing and marginal farming areas. Economic and financial factors and rural land prices – there is significant correlation between rural land price trends in adjoining areas with similar land use and level of farming development: as the distance between specific rural area increases the correlation between changes in land price decreases. Modelling rural land values – relationship between change in rural land prices and the change in economic factors is more significant in the developing and marginal cropping areas compared to the traditional cropping areas: there is a more significant association between rural land prices and rural economic factors when the economic factors are lagged, rather than contemporaneous. Rural property and valuation implications – rural land sales in one location are generally not an accurate measure of changing prices in another location: factors other than rural economic factors have a greater impact on rural land prices in areas which are closer settled or where alternate non agricultural land uses are available Master of Commerce (Hons.)

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Eves, Alfred Christopher, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and of Construction Property and Planning School. "Developing a NSW rural property investment performance index." THESIS_CLAB_CPPP_Eves_A.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/810.

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This thesis is based on the analysis of all rural property sales transactions that occurred in NSW over the period 1990-2000 and is the first complete state wide analysis of a rural property market in Australia. Previous studies on rural land performance have been restricted in both limited time periods and limited location areas. The importance of rural property, as an investment asset has been recognised in the US and UK with both countries having a rural property performance index. These indices are similar in construction, quality and reliability as the commercial property, residential property and share market indices that are also available in these countries to analyse the performance of these investment assets. Until the development of the rural property capital and total return indices in this thesis, there has never been a comprehensive and complete set of rural property investment indices available to assess the risk/return performance and investment portfolio benefits of rural property in Australia. The actual construction of the indices in this thesis have been based on the current indices produced by the Property Council of Australia for office, retail, industrial and hotel property in Australia. Based on the work in this thesis, rural property investment performance can now be compared to all major investment assets available in Australia. This research will be ongoing to ensure that the performance of rural property will be available on a semi-annual basis for use by all institutions, companies and individuals with an interest in the investment potential of rural property in Australia Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Alderson, Karl Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Powers and responsibilities: reforming NSW criminal investigation law." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19056.

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The thesis is a historical study from a socio-legal perspective of debates about, and developments in, criminal investigation law in NSW since 1945. In that period, the NSW parliament has enacted extensive criminal investigation powers and safeguards. This can be seen as the result of the increasing political sensitivity of 'law and order'. Politicians have sought to exercise (and demonstrate) greater control over the criminal justice system. Legislation has been employed to provide a framework for police actions, and to define a role for others, including judges, magistrates and the Ombudsman. Political focus on law and order has also reversed the incentive structure for the police hierarchy. In the 1950s, there were strong incentives not to push for extra powers, lest policing practices and effectiveness receive unwanted scrutiny. In the 1970s, police were dragged into debate about their powers, in the face of the 'authorise and regulated' model suggested by numerous inquiries. More recently, police organisations have often initiated calls for new powers, in part to explain past failings. Another important factor driving debate and reform in recent decades has been the proliferation of oversight agencies, and academic insights that have debunked the 'rotten apple' paradigm. The Federal Government and Parliament have also been increasingly active in what would once have been considered purely State/Territory realms of criminal justice law and politics. These major influences have been coupled with a host of others, including the impact of a series of Royal Commission and law reform reports, the ongoing war on drugs, and the campaign against police verbals in the 1970s and 1980s. The examination of the forces that have influenced debate and reform yields other insights. For example, the complexity of the phenomenon of 'non-reform' is apparent from an examination of debates about policing in the 1950s. Prevailing trends in law and order politics (eg, that populist politics supports additional powers) can be seen to be anchored in the contemporary political context rather than being timeless truths. The multiple roles of law, in governing relationships between state agencies and actors, not just between police and suspects, are also highlighted.

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Buultjens, Jeremy, and n/a. "Industrial Relations Processes in Registered Clubs of NSW." Griffith University. School of Industrial Relations, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040514.140227.

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The small business sector has become an increasingly important segment of the Australian economy since the 1970s. Industrial relations in the sector have been assumed to be harmonious. However, to a large extent this belief about industrial relations is based on conventional wisdom rather empirical evidence. Industrial relations research in Australia has concentrated on medium to large businesses because the centralised nature of the industrial relations system encouraged a collective emphasis. This collective emphasis ensured peak representative bodies and larger organisations had a tendency to dominate while small enterprises and their employees were, to a large extent, excluded. The perceived non-problematic nature of industrial relations in the small business sector was another reason for the lack of focus on the sector. The low incidence of strike activity and the low levels of trade union membership have meant research has been concentrated on the more "difficult" areas of industrial relations. The lack of empirical research into industrial relations in the sector is an important shortcoming. There are a number of commentators who suggest that it is too simplistic to assume harmonious relations. It is likely that there is a range of industrial relations in small business, depending on a number of variables including the personality of the owner/manager and employees, the type of business and the current economic climate. The legislative framework will also have an important affect on industrial relations. This study addresses the lack of empirical research in industrial relations in the small business sector by examining the differences between small and large registered clubs in NSW. Registered clubs have an unusual ownership structure and unusual business goals. They are also unusual since they are non-profit organisations formed by groups of people who share a common interest and who have come together to pursue or promote that interest. Registered clubs are governed by a board of directors who are responsible for the formulation of policy and for ensuring that management carries out these policies. This study found that there were significant differences in regards to some aspects of employment relations. For example, small clubs were more likely to have lower rates of unionisation than large clubs. They were also likely to have lower levels of informal bargaining than large clubs. The methods of communication within the workplace were likely to be more informal in small clubs and they were less likely to have communications with a trade union. Despite this greater degree of informality in employment relations, small clubs were more likely to use award provisions to determine wages for their managers and employees. Interestingly, despite the lower level of unionisation and the greater use of awards by smaller clubs there were no significant differences between small and large club managers' perception of the impact of awards and trade unions on club flexibility. The findings from this study suggest the deregulation of the Australian industrial relations system may not have any significant benefits for small business.

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Eves, Alfred Christopher. "Developing a NSW rural property investment performance index /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051125.144519/index.html.

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Buultjens, Jeremy. "Industrial Relations Processes in Registered Clubs of NSW." Thesis, Griffith University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367315.

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Almasri, Galia. "Acceptance Of Dental Hygienists In Nsw Private Practices." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4238.

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Fanning, Patricia C. "Beyond the divide: a new geoarchaeology of Aboriginal stone artefact scatters in Western NSW, Australia." Australia : Macquarie University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/45010.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental & Life Sciences, Graduate School of the Environment, 2002. Includes bibliographical references: p. 228-232. Geomorphology, archaeology and geoarchaeology: introduction and background -- Surface stone artefact scatters: why can we see them? -- Geomorphic controls on spatial patterning of the surface stone artefact record -- A temporal framework for interpreting surface artefact scatters in Western NSW -- Synthesis: stone artefact scatters in a dynamic landscape. Surface scatters of stone artefacts are the most ubiquitous feature of the Australian Aboriginal archaeological record, yet the most underutilized by archaeologists in developing models of Aboriginal prehistory. Among the many reasons for this are the lack of understanding of geomorphic processes that have exposed them, and the lack of a suitable chronological framework for investigating Aboriginal 'use of place'. This thesis addresses both of these issues. -- In arid western NSW, erosion and deposition accelerated as a result of the introduction of sheep grazing in the mid 1800s has resulted in exposure of artefact scatters in some areas, burial in others, and complete removal in those parts of the landscape subject to concentrated flood flows. The result is a patchwork of artefact scatters exhibiting various degrees of preservation, exposure and visibility. My research at Stud Creek, in Sturt National Park in far western NSW, develops artefact and landscape survey protocols to accommodate this dynamic geomorphic setting. A sampling strategy stratified on the basis of landscape morphodynamics is presented that allows archaeologists to target areas of maximum artefact exposure and minimum post-discard disturbance. Differential artefact visibility at the time of the survey is accommodated by incorporating measures of surface cover which quantify the effects of various ephemeral environmental processes, such as deposition of sediments, vegetation growth, and bioturbation, on artefact count. -- While surface stone artefact scatters lack the stratigraphy usually considered necessary for establishing the timing of Aboriginal occupation, a combination of radiocarbon determinations on associated heat-retainer ovens, and stratigraphic analysis and dating of the valley fills which underlie the scatters, allows a two-stage chronology for huntergatherer activity to be developed. In the Stud Creek study area, dating of the valley fill by OSL established a maximum age of 2,040±100 y for surface artefact scatters. The heatretainer ovens ranged in age from 1630±30 y BP to 220±55 y BP. Bayesian statistical analysis of the sample of 28 radiocarbon determinations supported the notion, already established from analysis of the artefacts, that the Stud Creek valley was occupied intermittently for short durations over a relatively long period of time, rather than intensively occupied at any one time. Furthermore, a gap in oven building between about 800 and 1100 years ago was evident. Environmental explanations for this gap are explored, but the paiaeoenvironmental record for this part of the Australian arid zone is too sparse and too coarse to provide explanations of human behaviour on time scales of just a few hundred years. -- Having established a model for Stud Creek of episodic landscape change throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene, right up to European contact, its veracity was evaluated in a pilot study at another location within the region. The length of the archaeological record preserved in three geomorphically distinct locations at Fowlers Gap, 250 km south of Stud Creek, is a function of geomorphic dynamics, with a record of a few hundred years from sites located on channel margins and low terraces, and the longest record thus far of around 5,000 years from high terrace surfaces more remote from active channel incision. But even here, the record is not continuous, and like Stud Creek, the gaps are interpreted to indicate that Aboriginal people moved into and out of these places intermittently throughout the mid to late Holocene. -- I conclude that episodic nonequilibrium characterizes the geomorphic history of these arid landscapes, with impacts on the preservation of the archaeological record. Dating of both archaeological and landform features shows that the landscape, and the archaeological record it preserves, are both spatially and temporally disjointed. Models of Aboriginal hunter-gatherer behaviour and settlement patterns must take account of these discontinuities in an archaeological record that is controlled by geomorphic activity. -- I propose a new geoarchaeological framework for landscape-based studies of surface artefact scatters that incorporates geomorphic analysis and dating of landscapes, as well as tool typology, into the interpretation of spatial and temporal patterns of Aboriginal huntergatherer 'use of place'. Mode of access: World Wide Web. vii, 232 p. ill., maps

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French, Stephanie Jane. "Supporting early career teachers: mentoring in NSW government schools." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18099.

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In Australia, the majority of teachers enter the profession with positive motivations to teach and a strong desire to be effective. Despite these positive intentions and expectations, Early Career Teacher (ECT) attrition rates continue to rise. Given the high rate of attrition and the related consequences, including the negative impact on student achievement, there is a significant need to examine how ECTs may be supported to remain in schools and succeed in the profession. This project was developed in response to the high attrition rates and focused on the experiences of ECTs working in one high need area of Sydney. Specifically, the project centred on the mentoring support ECTs received in one secondary school as a result of a recently implemented government initiative. Cultural Historical Activity Theory provided the framework for an in-depth, holistic examination of mentoring support for ECTs. Data was collected using a multi method exploratory case study approach comprising a questionnaire, interviews and document analysis. The range of data enabled exploration of systematic contradictions that arose within and between the identified activity systems. The findings highlight that all stakeholders had genuinely positive intentions for the ECTs. The quality of the overall mentoring support, however, was impacted significantly by the highly accountable, standardised and performance driven nature of the education system in NSW. In the absence of flexibility in other areas, it was apparent that the school needed greater support to utilise the flexibility they were afforded to design and implement a high quality mentoring program. This included support to: meet individualised needs; understand the benefits of different mentoring models; and appreciate the potential developmental benefits of the mandatory accreditation process in NSW schools. The need to push back against this accountability model and redevelop the professionalism of teaching was also apparent. In addition, the findings highlight the need for all ECTs to be supported at the individual school level, irrespective of their employment status as a permanent or non-permanent teacher. This project adds to the existing body of literature that seeks to understand how ECTs can be supported effectively during their transitional years and extends understanding of how policy requires systemic support to enable key stakeholders to work together to realise success.

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Ranjbar, Nezhad Isfahani Shahab. "Lameness in Pasture-Based Dairy Farms in NSW, Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17084.

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Lameness is one of the most important welfare issues in the dairy industry with all cows being at risk during their productive life. It decreases milk production, compromises fertility and increases the chance of being culled. To reduce the likelihood of lameness in cows, a thorough knowledge of the risk factors is essential. Risk factors have been found to differ between farming systems which highlighted the need for a project to identify risk factors of lameness in NSW pasture-based dairies. The thesis reviews the literature on risk factors pertaining to lameness in dairy cattle worldwide with focus on the main aspects of lameness regarding pasture-based dairy farming. First study investigates the prevalence and the potential risk factors for lameness in 62 pasture-based dairies in NSW with the aim to identify risk factors for lameness and to provide the industry with an indication as to the relative contribution of these risks so that dairy producers could allocate their resources to areas most likely to have the greatest impact when planning a prevention strategy. The data gathered through the interviews with farmers focuses on their perception of lameness in their herds. International experience suggests farmers’ perception of lameness are less than the true prevalence, which was proved to be the case in NSW, Australia. The reduced perception of lameness appears to be associated with delayed treatment and poor treatment outcome. Treatment outcomes may be further compromised by almost 30% of farmers or farm staff not having undergone training as to how to effectively trim and treat lame cows. The final study gathers data on wooden hoof blocks commonly used in treatment of lame cows. This study assesses the association between wood density, longevity, and wear characteristics of wooden hoof blocks. It was found that the hardness of the commercial blocks is insufficient to provide an appropriate duration of protection for healing claw lesions.

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Lorenza, Linda Merewyn. "Curriculum change and teachers’ responses: a NSW case study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18901.

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This thesis reports on the findings of a study into NSW Arts teachers’ perceptions of curriculum change in the Arts in the Australian context. From 2015 Australian schools began to engage with a national curriculum in the Arts. There are considerable implications for both practice and policy. Teachers’ willingness to adopt a new curriculum and adapt to change is a mitigating factor. This research focussed on NSW drama, music and visual arts teachers’ perceptions of curriculum change from the state curriculum they currently teach, to the incoming Australian arts curriculum. Research was qualitative and employed a case study approach (G. Thomas, 2010) including the use of in-depth interview and document analysis. The opinions of the case study participants in this particular study reflect some and oppose other views expressed in consultation reports, which reflect the wide consultation conducted by the Australian Curriculum Assessment Reporting Authority (ACARA) during the development of the Australian arts curriculum. The thesis investigates the teachers’ understanding of curriculum change in their particular Arts discipline area through the lens of six influences on Arts education raised by Elliot Eisner in his seminal paper, “Arts education policy?” (2000). It argues that outside forces within the school, pre-specified outcomes and testing impact the teacher’s capacity to teach the Arts. Teachers’ backgrounds and personal interest in the artform, accompanied by ongoing skills and knowledge development, contribute to teacher competence to teach the Arts. The thesis concludes that the teachers were positive and excited about the new curriculum, identifying similarities to their current state syllabus and potential to change practice through the Australian arts curriculum. These findings provide a benchmark of NSW teachers’ responses to the incoming Australian Curriculum in the Arts.

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Sujeer, Athin Narayan. "Dental Fluorosis In Primary School Children In Lithgow NSW." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4568.

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Rakuljic, Isabel. "Culturally Responsive Music Pedagogy and Engagement in NSW Schools." Thesis, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21581.

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The cultural makeup of Australian school classrooms has become increasingly diverse over recent decades. In responding to this, a number of music educators have employed culturally responsive pedagogy, which respects and values the ethnocultural backgrounds of the students and uses the cultural knowledge and prior experiences of students to make learning encounters more engaging and relevant. This ethnographic multi-case study investigated the use of culturally responsive pedagogy and its impact on student engagement in the context of NSW schools located in the Sydney metropolitan area. The research contexts included two Intensive English Centres, schools that cater for the needs of newly arrived immigrant students with little to no English-speaking proficiency, in addition to a government high school in Sydney’s West with a culturally diverse student population. The philosophy and practices of Maple Youth Choir for newly arrived students, many of refugee background, was also examined. Using individual and focus group interviews, observations of lessons and video recordings, this study explored the tenets of culturally responsive pedagogy and their relationship to student engagement in these contexts. The data revealed that students’ connection to their ethnocultural identities is layered and complex and that students’ self- identity is integral to their decision to participate in music at school and in the broader community. Further, it was evident that empowering students’ voices and encouraging students to actively participate in knowledge construction led to deep engagement in learning. Finally, the study explored the philosophical ways that teachers approach culturally responsive pedagogy and the challenges that they face in its implementation. The results of this study promote the need for teachers to be continually reflective of their practice and considerate of the uniqueness of individual identity in acknowledging and empowering student voice.

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Corish, Sylvia, and n/a. "The excellent principal - what do students think? : Perceptions of selected senior primary school students about the role of the principal in three New South Wales public primary schools." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060629.160710.

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The research outlined in this thesis explores the issue of the effective principal through the perceptions of a sample of senior primary aged school students. The study originated due to a concern that too much of the current literature concerning effective schools and effective principals relies on the views of significant adults. Given that students are the focus of the school's and principal's energy it is difficult to understand why their views have not been sought more frequently. This study was initiated and conducted in an effort to determine what is was that students expected of the effective principal. The research is based on content analysis of the written responses from a sample of one hundred and ninety five senior primary aged school students aged between ten and twelve years from an education district in an education region of the New South Wales Public School System and in addition one to one interviews with a group of thirty students. The analysis resulted in the development of two sets of descriptors. One set of descriptors outline the fourteen most significant Behaviour Descriptors of the effective principal as perceived by the senior primary aged students surveyed while the other set outlines the eleven most significant Quality Descriptors of the effective principal. These two sets of descriptors of the effective principal have much support in the effective schools research. One area notably different however is the emphasis given by the students to the need for the principal to develop positive, warm and caring relationships with each student in the school. Although students were realistic in their understanding of what this implied they were adamant and consistent in their desire for such a relationship in order that the principal be deemed effective. The results of the study provide specific, clear, unambiguous descriptions of behaviours and qualities expected of the effective principal by the students surveyed. The descriptors are presented in a manner useful to practitioners.

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Stone, Kim, and n/a. "A qualitative assessment of small business establishment." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.094228.

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A study of the nature of entrepreneurial activity and its use in furthering our understanding of small business establishment. An ethnographic study is presented of the business perspectives of a group of business entrepreneurs in the Riverina region of N.S.W. and a conceptual framework is developed for consideration of various qualitative issues involved in establishing a small business.

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Tiller, David, and n/a. "The impact of sewage effluent on the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the upper Thredbo River." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.145223.

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Thredbo Village is a year round alpine resort located in Kosciusko National Park, south eastern New South Wales. Treated sewage effluent from Thredbo Village is discharged to the upper Thredbo River. The river is a rocky bottomed, high mountain stream (> 1,200 m altitude in the study area) flowing predominantly through subalpine woodland, the only major impact on the river within the study area was that of the Thredbo Village alpine ski resort. Nutrient concentrations were measured in the upper Thredbo River monthly from January to September 1983 at 9 sites along the river, both upstream and downstream of the effluent discharge. In addition, invertebrates were collected at the same sites in January, April and July 1983. The near pristine section of the upper Thredbo River upstream of Thredbo Village was low in phosphorus and nitrogen (<20 mg m-3 and <100 mg m-3 respectively). The sewage effluent discharge was high in phosphorus and nitrogen (up to 5,000 mg m-3 and 28,000 mg m-3 respectively). Phosphorus generally returned to concentrations similar to those measured in the pristine sections by 3.5 kilometres downstream of the discharge. Nitrogen (mostly in the form of nitrate and nitrite) often remained elevated down to the most downstream site, 8 kilometres downstream of the effluent discharge. The elevated nutrient concentrations immediately downstream of the effluent discharge stimulated the growth of attached filamentous algae in January when conditions for growth were most favourable. It is concluded that this growth provided an additional food source for several invertebrate taxa, Cricolopus sp. 12E and 160E (Diptera, Chironomidae), Conoesucidae sp. TR6, Oxyethira columba (Trichoptera), Nais sp., Aeolosomatus niveum (Oligochaeta), and Austrocercella tillyardi (Plecoptera), which occurred in higher numbers downstream of the effluent discharge. Downstream of the effluent discharge the taxonomic composition of the invertebrate community was not altered substantially from that upstream, although there was a significant increase in the abundance of the taxa which could take advantage of the increased food resource. The changes in the invertebrate community were not evident 3.5 kilometres downstream of the effluent discharge, which corresponded to the return of phosphorus concentrations to background levels. There were increased abundances of several invertebrate taxa downstream of both Thredbo Village and the rubbish tip in January which were consistent with, but not as great as, those downstream of the sewage effluent discharge. This was likely to be a result of increased nutrient loads from urban runoff and tip leachate at these sites which possibly lead to increased algal productivity. However, nutrient concentrations at these sites were not notably higher than at the control site. The sewage effluent discharge resulted in only small changes to the invertebrate community in April or July 1983.

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Warren, Stan, and n/a. "Principal facilitator behaviour in curriculum implementation." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.175407.

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In the past ten years the emergence of studies in the area of effective schools has focused a good deal of attention on the role adopted by principals in the process of change. Few can deny the importance of this role in the development and implementation of new/changing curriculum statements. This is especially noticeable in schools that are part of a large 'centralised' system. This study is concerned with the role adopted by four principals in schools in Wollongong N.S.W. where a new syllabus in Writing K-6 was being implemented. It examined the implementation activities used and then focused specifically on the role adopted by the principal in that process.1 To enable the success or otherwise of the implementation activities to be identified, the C-BAM techniques developed by Hall, Hord et al were modified and used. The role adopted by each of the four principals was then considered in an effort to identify the contribution it made to the implementation activities. The findings suggest that the principal does play a significant role in Curriculum Implementation and that he/she needs additional skills and understandings to enable the process used to be successful. It is recommended that the C-BAM techniques would be one useful tool that principals could use.

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Burridge, Nina. "The implementation of the policy of Reconciliation in NSW schools." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/25954.

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"November 2003". Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Australian Centre for Educational Studies, School of Education, 2004. Bibliography: leaves 243-267. Introduction -- Literature review -- Meanings and perspectives of Reconciliation in the Australian socio-political context -- An explanation of the research method -- Meanings of Reconciliation in the school context -- Survey results -- The role of education in the Reconciliation process -- Obstacles and barriers to Reconciliation -- Teaching for Reconciliation: best practice in teaching resources -- Conclusion. The research detailed in this thesis investigated how schools in NSW responded to the social and political project of Reconciliation at the end of the 1990s. -- The research used a multi-method research approach which included a survey instrument, focus group interviews and key informants interviews with Aboriginal and non Aboriginal teachers, elders and educators, to gather qualitative as well as quantitative data. Differing research methodologies, including Indigenous research paradigms, are presented and discussed within the context of this research. From the initial research questions a number of sub-questions emerged which included: -The exploration of meanings and perspectives of Reconciliation evident in both the school and wider communities contexts and the extent to which these meanings and perspectives were transposed from the community to the school sector. -The perceived level of support for Reconciliation in school communities and what factors impacted on this level of support. -Responses of school communities to Reconciliation in terms of school programs and teaching strategies including factors which enhanced the teaching of Reconciliation issues in the classroom and factors which acted as barriers. -- Firstly in order to provide the context for the research study, the thesis provides a brief historical overview of the creation of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation. It then builds a framework through which the discourses of Reconciliation are presented and deconstructed. These various meanings and perspectives of Reconciliation are placed within a linear spectrum of typologies, from 'hard', 'genuine' or 'substantive' Reconciliation advocated by the Left, comprising a strong social justice agenda, first nation rights and compensation for past injustices, to the assimiliationist typologies desired by members of the Right which suggest that Reconciliation is best achieved through the total integration of Aboriginal people into the mainstream community, with Aboriginal people accepting the reality of their dispossession. -- In between these two extremes lie degrees of interpretations of what constitutes Reconciliation, including John Howard's current Federal Government interpretation of 'practical' Reconciliation. In this context "Left" and "Right" are defined less by political ideological lines of the Labor and Liberal parties than by attitudes to human rights and social justice. Secondly, and within the socio-political context presented above, the thesis reports on research conducted with Indigenous and non Indigenous educators, students and elders in the context of the NSW school system to decipher meanings and perspectives on Reconciliation as reflected in that sector. It then makes comparisons with research conducted on behalf of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation during the 1990s on attitudes to Reconciliation in the community. Perceived differences are analysed and discussed. The research further explores how schools approached the teaching of Reconciliation through a series of survey questions designed to document the types of activities undertaken by the schools with Reconciliation as the main aim. -- Research findings indicated that while both the community at large and the education community are overwhelmingly supportive of Reconciliation, both as a concept and as a government policy, when questioned further as to the depth and details of this commitment to Reconciliation and the extent to which they may be supportive of the 'hard' issues of Reconciliation, their views and level of support were more wide ranging and deflective. -- Findings indicated that, in general, educators have a more multi-layered understanding of the issues related to Reconciliation than the general community, and a proportion of them do articulate more clearly those harder, more controversial aspects of the Reconciliation process (eg just compensation, land and sea rights, customary laws). However, they are in the main, unsure of its meaning beyond the 'soft' symbolic acts and gatherings which occur in schools. In the late 1990s, when Reconciliation was at the forefront of the national agenda, research findings indicate that while schools were organising cultural and curriculum activities in their teaching of Indigenous history or Aboriginal studies - they did not specifically focus on Reconciliation in their teaching programs as an issue in the community. Teachers did not have a clearly defined view of what Reconciliation entailed and schools were not teaching about Reconciliation directly within their curriculum programs. -- The research also sought to identify facotrs which acted as enhancers of a Reconciliation program in schools and factors which were seen as barriers. Research findings clearly pointed to community and parental attitudes as important barriers with time and an overcrowded curriculum as further barriers to the implementation of teaching programs. Factors which promoted Reconciliation in schools often related to human agency and human relationships such as supportive executive leadership, the work of committed teachers and a responsive staff and community. Mode of access: World Wide Web. xvi, 286 leaves ill

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Zhang, Xue Feng. "Family Impact: Chinese-background students in NSW selective high schools." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15989.

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NSW schooling is characterised by choice and competition and has a large number of academically selective public high schools, most of which are located in the Sydney metropolitan area. It has been widely noted that Chinese background students in NSW are over-represented in the state’s publically funded selective high schools—schools that cater for academically high achieving students. This over-representation has attracted attention in the broader community and raised the interest of educational authorities and researchers who want to identify the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon. To investigate Chinese-background students’ high academic achievements from a family perspective, a sociocultural and ecological systems theory approach was adopted; placing the interactions between 14 Year 7 and Year 8 Chinese-background students (aged 12 to 14) attending selective high schools, their first generation parents and the family environment at the centre of the study’s focus. Opportunity sampling (Mukherji & Albon, 2010: 197) was employed to recruit participants matching desired criteria from two community-run Saturday Chinese language schools located in the Sydney metropolitan area. A qualitative approach involving semi-structured in-depth interviews was adopted as the main data collection method. Deductive analysis processes involving a comparison of data from the students with those of their parents and other siblings, revealed that, while a combination of socio-cultural factors contributed to the Chinese-background students’ academic achievements, certain family-related factors were most influential. Such factors not only reflected traditional Chinese beliefs surrounding the value of education, but included a heightened sense of obligation for academic achievement on the part of the students. This heightened sense of obligation stemmed from the recognition that parents had undergone hardships, often sacrificing their own professional careers in the belief that it would ensure the academic and future career successes of their children. Additionally, parenting practices were characterized by involvement in children’s education from an early age and the provision of opportunities for multiple extra-curricular learning, including academic subjects, arts and sports. The study found that many of the strategies adopted by the Chinese migrant families to support their children at school originated from their determination to acculturate into Australian society. A key finding of the study is that while NSW selective schools are founded on beliefs about academic ‘giftedness’, these first generation Chinese background parents and children do not agree with the western definition of individual ‘lucky’ giftedness. Instead, they see NSW selective schools as places that can be accessed by ‘hard’ work and will be conducive to on-going ‘hard’ work, academic competition and achievement. Importantly, this ‘hard’ work is a whole-family project, and does not just rely on the individual child’s gifts or motivation. The families in this study also made a strategic assessment about the undesirable peer groups that they believe are likely to hinder progress in either the elite private schools or the local public schools. Findings hold implications for educational authorities regarding the important synergies between family- and school-life. They also challenge popular myths surrounding Chinese-background students’ inherent capacities for academic success and emphasise the potential role families can play in the academic achievement of all children.

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Rochford, Louisa. "Stormwater heavy metal loadings to Port Jackson estuary NSW, Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4087.

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Investigations of fluvial and estuarine sediments have indicated stormwater is an important source of heavy metals to Port Jackson estuary and high concentrations of these sedimentary contaminants are a threat to the healthy functioning of the estuarine ecosystem. Stormwater remediation devices have been installed in stormwater channels entering the estuary, however these devices are mainly for removing gross pollutants and are ineffective in removing heavy metals from stormwater. A thorough characterisation of heavy metal inputs and behaviour has been undertaken by sampling, analysing and modelling heavy metals in stormwater entering Port Jackson estuary to provide a rigorous data base for future remediation efforts. A conceptual model of transport and fate of heavy metals in stormwater entering Port Jackson estuary has also been developed to identify heavy metals, subcatchments and flow regimes requiring remediation, and to assist in designing remediation devices for optimum removal of heavy metals from stormwater. Modelling of stormwater using the Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualisation (MUSIC) indicated that the average annual discharge of stormwater from the Port Jackson catchment was 215,307 ML. Average annual loadings of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in stormwater discharging to Port Jackson estuary were 0.8, 0.5, 1.7, 3.2, 1.1, 3.6 and 17.7 tonnes per year, although comparison to other studies in the catchment suggests these values may be underestimations of actual loadings by 1.3 to 10 times. The proportion of heavy metals discharged under low-flow conditions (<5mm of rainfall in 24 hours), medium-flow conditions (between 5 and 50mm in 24 hours), and high-flow conditions (>50 mm of rainfall in 24 hours) was 6.5%, 62.5% and 31%, respectively. The conceptual model indicates stormwater loadings of copper, lead and zinc pose a risk to the health of riverine and estuarine ecosystems in the catchment and these metals should be targeted for remediation. Stormwater channels which should be prioritised for remediation include the channels entering southern embayments west of Darling Harbour; Duck, Parramatta and Lane Cove Rivers; and the channels and rivers entering Neutral, Long and Sugarloaf Bays. Stormwater loadings of lead are predominantly associated with suspended particulates, whereas loadings of copper and zinc are equally partitioned between dissolved and particulate phases. Stormwater remediation strategies should target both dissolved and particulate phases to ensure effective removal of copper, lead and zinc. Research suggests heavy metals in stormwater discharged to the estuary under high-flow conditions are rapidly exported seaward and bypass the estuary. Preliminary research also suggests that under medium-flow conditions, particulate heavy metals bypass the embayments of Port Jackson and are deposited in the main channel. Once deposited in the main channel, particulate heavy metals are likely to be remobilised and removed from the estuary through multiple phases of resuspension. Although further research is required in this area, this preliminary research suggests remediation should target low-flow conditions. The findings of the current research could be used to identify appropriate remediation strategies for dissolved and particulate phase heavy metals in stormwater discharging to Port Jackson estuary. However, in designing stormwater remediation devices, consideration should also be given to the range of contaminants that may be present in stormwater entering Port Jackson estuary (including suspended solids, nutrients, pesticides and organics).

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Rochford, Louisa. "Stormwater heavy metal loadings to Port Jackson Estuary, NSW, Australia." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4087.

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Master of Science Investigations of fluvial and estuarine sediments have indicated stormwater is an important source of heavy metals to Port Jackson estuary and high concentrations of these sedimentary contaminants are a threat to the healthy functioning of the estuarine ecosystem. Stormwater remediation devices have been installed in stormwater channels entering the estuary, however these devices are mainly for removing gross pollutants and are ineffective in removing heavy metals from stormwater. A thorough characterisation of heavy metal inputs and behaviour has been undertaken by sampling, analysing and modelling heavy metals in stormwater entering Port Jackson estuary to provide a rigorous data base for future remediation efforts. A conceptual model of transport and fate of heavy metals in stormwater entering Port Jackson estuary has also been developed to identify heavy metals, subcatchments and flow regimes requiring remediation, and to assist in designing remediation devices for optimum removal of heavy metals from stormwater. Modelling of stormwater using the Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualisation (MUSIC) indicated that the average annual discharge of stormwater from the Port Jackson catchment was 215,307 ML. Average annual loadings of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in stormwater discharging to Port Jackson estuary were 0.8, 0.5, 1.7, 3.2, 1.1, 3.6 and 17.7 tonnes per year, although comparison to other studies in the catchment suggests these values may be underestimations of actual loadings by 1.3 to 10 times. The proportion of heavy metals discharged under low-flow conditions (<5mm of rainfall in 24 hours), medium-flow conditions (between 5 and 50mm in 24 hours), and high-flow conditions (>50 mm of rainfall in 24 hours) was 6.5%, 62.5% and 31%, respectively. The conceptual model indicates stormwater loadings of copper, lead and zinc pose a risk to the health of riverine and estuarine ecosystems in the catchment and these metals should be targeted for remediation. Stormwater channels which should be prioritised for remediation include the channels entering southern embayments west of Darling Harbour; Duck, Parramatta and Lane Cove Rivers; and the channels and rivers entering Neutral, Long and Sugarloaf Bays. Stormwater loadings of lead are predominantly associated with suspended particulates, whereas loadings of copper and zinc are equally partitioned between dissolved and particulate phases. Stormwater remediation strategies should target both dissolved and particulate phases to ensure effective removal of copper, lead and zinc. Research suggests heavy metals in stormwater discharged to the estuary under high-flow conditions are rapidly exported seaward and bypass the estuary. Preliminary research also suggests that under medium-flow conditions, particulate heavy metals bypass the embayments of Port Jackson and are deposited in the main channel. Once deposited in the main channel, particulate heavy metals are likely to be remobilised and removed from the estuary through multiple phases of resuspension. Although further research is required in this area, this preliminary research suggests remediation should target low-flow conditions. The findings of the current research could be used to identify appropriate remediation strategies for dissolved and particulate phase heavy metals in stormwater discharging to Port Jackson estuary. However, in designing stormwater remediation devices, consideration should also be given to the range of contaminants that may be present in stormwater entering Port Jackson estuary (including suspended solids, nutrients, pesticides and organics).

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Babington, Anne. "The Creative Processes of the NSW Public Schools Drama Company." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17608.

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This dissertation reports on my investigation into the creative processes of the NSW Public Schools Drama Company in Australia, the highest tier of an auditioned, co-curricular drama program for school students aged 11 – 18 years. The study observes the production of three scripted plays over two years. It uses case study methodology, a qualitative, phenomenological approach and grounded theory data analysis. The research findings demonstrate that the creative processes of the Drama Company are based on the formation of an environment that encourages creative risk-taking, and the use of creative constraints which stimulate and guide it. In this context the ensemble is able to utilise elements of group creativity so that the interaction between group members can produce "emergents", creative solutions which are greater than the sum of individual contributions. The findings are expressed in a nested, three layer model. The outer shape is the context of the Drama Company and its creative climate. Within that, the second shape is the boundaries that stimulate the work. The innermost space within these shapes is the rehearsal processes which augment the group creativity of the ensemble. The research highlights the significance of the context for creative work, the power of creative constraints to stimulate invention and guide the process, and the potency of group creativity in developing creative solutions. It also extends theories of group creativity to include the corporeal body of the actor and the physical environment. The research findings demonstrate ways to enhance the creativity of drama ensembles in general and the production of scripted work in particular.

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Bal, Ikreet Singh. "Dental Fluorosis In The Blue Mountains And Hawkesbury Regions NSW." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4569.

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Marshall, Chrissiejoy. "Yengarrahween Narrloo: Developing an Aboriginal dispute resolution program for NSW." Thesis, Indigenous Heath Studies, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5691.

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Dispute Resolution has become an integral part of the legal system in Australia. However, disputes in Aboriginal communities regularly remain unresolved and often intensify to violence and injury. The literature review discusses the existing literature, reports and reviews on Aboriginal Dispute Resolution issues including Aboriginal perspectives and the effects of colonisation. It shows that Australian history has been based on racism and ethnocentrism and the impact of this on contemporary issues for Aboriginal people. It defines 'western' Dispute Resolution philosophy, the impracticality and inappropriateness of utilising 'western' Dispute Resolution programs for Aboriginal people without specific adaptation and modifications. The effects of language, specifically Standard English versus Aboriginal English, legalistic language and the consequences on communications for Aboriginal people. This research, is a qualitative study examining the outcomes and satisfaction levels of Aboriginal people who have experienced the Dispute Resolution process designed for Aboriginal people in WA and Qld. The rhetoric and realities of these programs are also debated. In examining these' two existing Aboriginal Dispute Resolution Programs and incorporating Unstructured Key Informant Interviews and Client Feedback Assessments of a narrative style, underpinned by Critical Social Theory, this research attempts to answer the question of whether such programs are useful in Aboriginal Dispute Resolution. In doing this, the thesis presents the reasons of "Why is there a necessity for a distinct and separate Dispute Resolution Program for NSW Aboriginal Communities?"

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Bretag, Hilary. "Corruption in Evidence: Policing Starting- Price Betting in 1930s NSW." Thesis, Department of History, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10259.

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This thesis analyses two Royal Commissions into the policing of SP bookmaking that the NSW government issued in 1936 and 1937. These Commissions provide a window into the social history of betting and policing, as well as the relationship between two groups whose activities placed them so directly in each other’s paths. The Royal Commissions also reflect the politics of betting and policing contemporaneous to them. The inquiries are symptomatic of deeper-rooted public concerns about off-course betting, and represent a poorly articulated, but publically supported disapproval of police tactics. I find that these Commissions are suggestive of lower-level police complicity in off-course betting and that senior police were at least tacitly complicit in their activities. Moreover, I explore why it was that in face of such overwhelming evidence the Inquiry’s Commissioner was reluctant to find conclusively that the evidence demonstrated police corruption.

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Holley, Sasha Louise. "Contracting-out and Regulating Labour Standards: NSW Government School Cleaners." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9337.

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Over the last two decades governments have increasingly contracted-out the provision of public and human services to outside organisations. These contracts were not designed to regulate the wages and other working conditions of the workers employed by the external organisation. There is increasing evidence that contracts for services are being used as a tool to regulate labour standards for workers, usurping the labour law provisions covering these workers’ labour standards. The central objective of this thesis is to analyse how labour standards are regulated through the combination of labour law and contracts for services when services are contracted-out. This is achieved with a case study of NSW government school cleaning contracts. These are amongst the largest contracts for services in the world, with more than 6,000 employees providing cleaning services. The case study reveals that government contracts for services have taken a predominant role in how labour standards are negotiated, defined, monitored and enforced, while the employment contract underpinning labour law takes a secondary regulatory role. In practice, the cleaners’ labour standards are poorly monitored and rarely enforced with minimal compliance with standards prescribed by labour law or by the contracts for services. The findings of the analysis are significant for three reasons. First, there is a dearth of research to date that considers how labour is regulated through the combination of labour law and procurement contracts. This is particularly important given the prevalence of procurement in the public services arena. Second, the thesis expands understandings of how labour standards for cleaners, as a subset of vulnerable workers, are regulated. This is significant if contracting-out is used as a strategy to undermine labour standards for the most vulnerable workers. Third, the analysis highlights the problems of labour law becoming subservient to contracts in regulating labour standards.

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Ryu, Kelly. "The Place of Jazz in the NSW Secondary School Classroom." Thesis, Music Education, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24124.

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Jazz is one of the most commonly taught musical styles in various educational contexts worldwide. Nevertheless, jazz teaching and learning resource materials are predominantly designed for those who have advanced beyond a basic level of competence. Further, the common understanding of jazz as a uniquely American style, in conjunction with Australia’s geographical and cultural distance from the USA, tend to feed the perception of foreignness of jazz when it comes to discussions of its place in Australia. For these reasons, classroom jazz education poses a unique set of challenges for Australian music teachers. This qualitative multiple case study examined five NSW secondary school music teachers’ perceptions of jazz, the extent and nature of its inclusion in their classroom curricula, and their classroom jazz teaching approaches. Data were collected from a series of semi-structured interviews, which revealed that although limited by its narrow appeal, teachers considered jazz to be highly effective in facilitating creativity, collaboration, and individuality of expression in students when carefully scaffolded and differentiated. The findings of the study indicate that while jazz may not be highly visible in NSW secondary schools, it is certainly viable and well-positioned to make a unique and worthwhile contribution to school music offerings.

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Clark, S. A. (Stephanie Ann), University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Systematics, spatial analysis and conservation genetics of Meridolum corneovirens (Pfeiffer, 1851) and related forms (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from the Sydney region of Australia." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Clark_S.xml, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/640.

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The purpose of the present study is to examine the genetic and morphological variation found in narrow-range endemic terrestrial invertebrate species at different geographic scales, and the ramifications of this for their systematics, management and conservation. The listed endangered land snail Meridolum corneovirens and several related forms are restricted to the Sydney region, and were used to address the above issues. Morphological, anatomical, allozyme and DNA data were obtained for a total of 77 populations from across the known range of Meridolum. A particular emphasis was placed on the forms found across the Sydney region. The analysis of the different datasets, both individually and in combination indicate at least 35 taxa mostly parapatric and seven genera were represented. This includes several previously unrecognised taxa. The analysis supports the conclusion that Meridolum corneovirens belongs to a new genus. This includes several species found from eastern Sydney south along the coast to Nowra. A total of six new species and five new genera are described. The conservation and management of narrow-range endemics such as Meridolum corneovirens provide a number of challenges to conservation managers. The alternative of listing a gene pool rather than listing species separately is proposed and explore Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Spry, Melissa J., and n/a. "The Regolith and landscape evolution of a low relief landscape: Cobar, Central New South Wales, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Management, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050704.162445.

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Construction of a 1:250,000 scale regolith-landform map of the Cobar area of central New South Wales (NSW) Australia, demonstrates the presence of a wide range of previously undescribed regolith materials, landforms and landscape features in the region. The map covers the east-west extent of the Cobar Basin, extends to the west onto the Darling River Floodplain, and east onto rocks of the Girilambone Group. The mapping area is centred on the Cobar township and covers -14,730 krn2 between 303113 and 446113 E and 6483184 and 6586183 N (AGO 66, MGA Zone 55). 48 regolithlandform units have been identified, including both transported (alluvial, colluvial, aeolian, lacustrine) and in situ materials. A range of siliceous, ferruginous and calcareous indurated materials are also present. Four major drainage types have been identified based on lithological, sedimentological and topographic differences in alluvial materials. The 4 drainage types include: 1) modern drainage; 2) maghemite and quartzose gravels elevated 1-2 m relative to the modern drainage; 3) higher topographically inverted, and at least partly silicified, gravels; and, 4) sediments of Cretaceous origin. Multiple phases of drainage stability and instability from the Cretaceous to the present are indicated within the sediments. Breaching of drainage divides and increased dissection of the modern drainage, especially to the south of Cobar, indicate possible tectonic movement across a major regolith-landform boundary in the southern map area. Colluvial materials are more widespread to the north of Cobar reflecting the increased landscape dissection to the south. Colluvial fans are preserved adjacent to major rangefronts. Aeolian and lacustrine materials include longitudinal dunefields of the Darling River floodplain, source bordering dunes, and small lunettes associated with the Barnato Lakes system. Regolith-landform mapping at Cobar has been used to assess the applicability of previously developed landscape evolution models of the Cobar Block and surrounding region, and to develop a new landscape evolution model for the region. The new landscape evolution model of Cobar indicates minimal deposition of Cretaceous sediments, succeeded by high-energy early Tertiary fluvial regimes across the Cobar landscape. Weathering and sediment deposition continued into the Miocene, coupled with deep valley incision on the Cobar Block associated with early Oligocene regression. By the close of the Miocene, the Cobar Block had eroded to predominantly bedrock terrain and widespread filling of previously incised valleys occurred. A decrease in erosion and fluvial activity led to the formation of the modern drainage during the Pliocene-early Quaternary, followed by the formation of alluvial, aeolian and lacustrine deposits in the later Quaternary. Regionally, Eromanga Basin sediments were not extensive over the Cobar Block, and low rates of erosion are recorded at Cobar from the Cretaceous to the present. Former northerly drainage did exist in this area in the Cretaceous, but was limited in distribution. By at least the Early Tertiary the Cobar area was a structural high and drainage systems of the region had assumed their current configuration. These findings do not support interpretations of AFTT data of significant cover and subsequent stripping over the Cobar Block in the Early Tertiary. Evidence of landscape evolution from the Cretaceous to the present suggests that the Cobar landscape has been responding to changes in the primary landscape forming factors of lithology, climate and to a lesser degree, tectonics. Variations in the these three primary landscape forming factors have contributed to ongoing weathering, relatively continuous deposition, and periods of relative stability and instability, particularly in response to climatic and baselevel fluctuations, within a dynamically evolving landscape throughout the entire Tertiary. Former landscape evolution models of peneplanation and pediplanation, based on correlation of palaeosurfaces including duricrusts, a deep weathering profile developed during extended planation in the Early Tertiary, and tectonism during the late Tertiary in the Cobar area, are not supported by evidence preserved in regolith-landform features at Cobar.

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Hawthorne, Wendy, and n/a. "Classroom encounters and mathematics curriculum change : a single-site school improvement study." University of Canberra. Education, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060720.152732.

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In November, 1986, Mrs Lorna Ireland; Principal of Junee Primary School in the Riverina Region of New South Wales; approached a Senior Lecturer in Mathematics Education at Riverina-Murray Institute of Higher Education in Wagga Wagga; seeking his involvement in a project aimed to assist teachers at the school with their mathematics teaching. In addition to the planned involvement in 1987 of this mathematics educator, the school was also to be a pilot school for the trialling of a strand of the New South Wales Education Department's Draft Mathematics Curriculum and a participating school in the numeracy component of the federal government's Basic Learning in Primary Schools program. This study documents the mathematics education activities which involved Junee Primary School teachers in 1987. It focuses on the RMIHE involvement in the school but considers this in the context of broader mathematics curriculum activity. The process of change is described within a theoretical framework derived from a review of relevant literature. The research methodology employed is fundamentally ethnographic and relies on the collection of qualitative data to derive descriptions of people and events. The data analysis relates to curriculum change, the role of the change agent and the role of mathematics educators in school mathematics programs. A discussion of outcomes highlights the strengths of an approach to curriculum change which had its genesis in the school rather than in some external agency. The generation of problems and issues and the resolution of these are features of the analysis which tracks the progress towards professional development autonomy of one group of teachers.

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Swanson, P., and n/a. "The implementation and initial performance of a wetland system constructed for urban runoff treatment in the Blue Mountains." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.114929.

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Gardner, Jan Maria, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Assessment of effective implementation of respirator programs in industry in NSW." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Gardner_J.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/781.

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In spite of the substantial repository of literature about respirators, little is known about the practicalities of their use. The focus of this research was about the practical aspects of using respirators in New South Wales workplaces. Two self-administered postal surveys were used to assess the level of implementation of respirator programs in 1996 and 2001. After five years, six elements improved. The most improvement was seen in the area of documentation including written procedures, keeping training records, recording respirator tasks, and maintenance records. The second survey investigated respirator maintenance and found little automated cleaning. Thorough washing was scarce with more than 50% of organisations relying on moist towelettes. For the third portion of the research methodology 485 used, half facepiece reusable respirators from 36 different sites were examined to determine the most common respirator defects. Maintenance and cleaning procedures were primitive and probably inadequate. Disinfection or sanitisation was common practice indicating concern about infectious diseases. The 2001 survey found that physical inspection of respirators in the workplace usually checked for the common types of defects found in the examination of used respirators. Weight, breathing resistance, heat and tightness were reported as causes of discomfort. The key outcomes from the research were that respirator programs were poorly implemented in a group of organisations that were expected to have more expertise than most and that the most common defects could be corrected by good respirator cleaning programs. Doctor of Philosphy (PhD)

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Henkel, Cathy. "Development of audiovisual industries in the Northern Rivers Region of NSW." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.

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The proposition that this thesis investigates is that the Northern Rivers region of NSW, the area from Grafton to Tweed Heads, is growing as a lifestyle and learning region with the potential for audiovisual industry activity to develop as a series of networked industry clusters. The cluster model is explored as an alternative approach to industry development that offers new opportunities for enterprise building and new options for government intervention in the cultural industries in the region. The concept of creative industries is also applied to scope new collaboration and economic development options for the cultural industries, creative arts, media and communications sectors and a new agenda for collective action amongst industry players in the region. The thesis confirms that audiovisual and creative industries' activity in the Northern Rivers region has reached a significant level in terms of representation in the workforce and economic and social benefit to the region. The research identified a total of 1,621 people involved in audiovisual industries in the region, representing a growth of 214% since 1996. The total number of people involved in creative industries in the region in 2000 was conservatively estimated to be 3,500, which is 4.1 % of the local work force, a significant figure for a non-metropolitan region. The thesis questioned the usefulness of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data in providing an accurate picture of creative industries, and the research may be considered a pioneering work in its method of collecting data on creative industry cluster developments in Australia. The thesis concludes that the Northern Rivers region has an active, significant and growing audiovisual industry within the creative milieu of a lively and growing creative industries' sector, and has the potential to develop as a series of networked creative industries' clusters. However, considerable barriers and difficulties exist at both the local and national levels for these industries, and specific measures need to be taken urgently to support this developing sector and to provide the infrastructure and mechanisms needed to ensure that the current growth is sustainable.

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Allen, Suzanne. "Pathway Reflections: Intercultural Understanding in NSW Preparatory Programs to Higher Education." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22873.

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This qualitative study addresses intercultural understanding (ICU) in NSW English entry programs to higher education, offered by Registered Training Organisations and universities. These preparatory programs or ‘pathways’ offer international students an alternative entry to university, predominantly through delivering additional English language support. The study entailed investigation into the nature and value of ICU in three institutes. Two of the institutes offered English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students, and the participants were enrolled in classes at the advanced level of ‘English for Academic Purposes’. The third institute also focused on academic English in offering English Communication classes. Pathway processes were explored through observations, curricula analysis, and interviews with administrative staff, tutors, and students. Throughout, the researcher gave recognition to cultural multiplicities (Deleuze, 1968/1994), with particular attention to pedagogical feminism. Critical discourse analysis was employed as the methodology. An additional dimension to the research is provided with auto-ethnographic reflections from the researcher’s own teaching experiences in pathway programs. The study locates methods for students and tutors to penetrate practices that may enrich ICU and clarifies areas where educational policy and pedagogical methodologies may be revised to facilitate deepening ICU. Key Words: higher education, intercultural learning, intercultural understanding, international students, pathway.

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Akter, Farzina. "Groundwater salinity and interaction with surface water near Cootamundra, NSW, Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18578.

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Salinisation is a major global environmental concern especially in semi-arid regions such as Australia. Dryland salinity is caused by capillary rising or discharging saline groundwater, which adversely impacts natural environments and infrastructure. It is important to understand salinisation processes to reduce these adverse impacts. This thesis uses a focus catchment (Muttama creek catchment, NSW) to explore salinisation mechanisms at a catchment scale. Three particular aspects are the focus of this thesis: (i) The variation in time and space of the groundwater salinity in the Muttama catchment; (ii) The nature and origin of the groundwater salinity in the catchment; and (iii) how the groundwater salinity influences water quality in Muttama creek. A statistical random forest model of historical groundwater data demonstrated that spatial variation of groundwater salinity in the Muttama catchment is mostly caused by spatial factors and underlying lithology. Although the temporal effect on groundwater salinity appears small, past (lagged) rainfall has a great influence on the variation in groundwater salinity. The hydrogeochemical analysis of groundwater reveals that this is NaCl dominant and cyclic salts are most likely the primary source. Weathering inputs contribute a further 50% of the salt load. Study of multiple techniques (hydrogeochemistry, stable isotopes and radon) indicates that discharge of Na-Cl dominant groundwater into Muttama creek is most likely relatively higher in the lower catchment and these connections are mainly in winter. Surface runoff might contribute significant salt in the upper catchment. Thus, this thesis improves the understanding of the salinisation mechanism in the Muttama catchment and highlights that salt output of the catchment can be efficiently reduced by applying more focused saline groundwater discharge management options.

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