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Jonsson, Lisa, and Anna Johansson. "Examensprojekt bar-Nstol." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1628.
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Projektet inleddes med en omfattande marknadsundersökning där syftet var att ta reda på vad primär- och sekundäranvändare av höga barnstolar har för åsikter om dessa och samtidigt undersöka det befintliga utbudet av höga barnstolar. På den undersökta marknaden hittades ingen barnstol som var ergonomisk för både barnet och föräldrarna. Det fanns inte heller någon som riktade sig till kunder med behov av en stol till barbordshöjd eller köksö. Då svenska kök i allt större utsträckning har antingen barbord eller köksö, upptäcktes här ett behov.
Ett skelett som växer är extra känsligt för snedbelastningar. Dessutom är kroppen inte gjord för att sitta i en traditionell nittiogradig sittställning. Alarmerande siffror på antalet ungdomar med ryggproblem gjorde det därför till ett självklart val att utveckla en stol som skulle vara ergonomisk för både barnet och föräldrarna. Projektgruppen arbetade fram tre koncept, för att senare besluta sig för att jobba vidare med ett sadelkoncept.
Med Svan AB, tillverkare av barnmöbler, som en extern mentor har projektet bedrivits i egen regi. För att komma fram till ett bra resultat har projektgruppen använt sig av en rad olika metoder. Bland annat så har en fokusgrupp varit engagerad under hela utvecklingsprocessen.
Projektgruppen har tagit fram tre modeller i naturlig storlek. Vid tillverkning av den första modellen så halverades måtten på en sadelsits för vuxna. Därefter har en mängd förändringar gjorts, mycket tack vare de användartester som utförts på barn både från Grottans föskola och BVC Nyhem. Sitsen tillverkades till slut i plåt och testades igen på olika barn från sex månader till sju år. Projektgruppen har hela tiden anpassat former och lösningar efter de mycket hårda standarderna som finns för höga barnstolar. Efter en rekommendation från Kjell Hagström som är VD på Svan AB så har projektgruppen följt både EU-standarderna och USA-standarderna. Den tredje modellen testades på många barn innan den slutgiltiga prototypen tillverkades.
Resultatet blev en barnstol med sadelsits som med hjälp av ett ben med gasfjäder går att höja upp till barbordshöjd. Sitsen är tillverkad i plåt som sedan har klätts med vaddering och konstläder. Bygel och ryggstöd är tillverkade i böjträ som betsats i en nyans som kallas för ”espresso”. Även fotstödet är tillverkat i trä som sedan har betsats. Bygel och ryggstöd går att justera i djupled medan fotstödet går att justera i höjdled.
Projektgruppen är mycket nöjd över resultatet, som efter ett slutgiltigt användartest bevisligen uppfyller både syftet och målet.
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Krüger, Marcus. "Molekulare und funktionale Charakterisierung der neuronalen bHLH Transkritptionsfaktoren NSCL-1 und NSCL-2." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969337183.
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Inglis, William. "Investigating probe-sample interactions in NSOM." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288999.
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Pegoraro, Ilan Emanuel Moreira. "NSCL in the ETSI M2M platform." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14704.
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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaThe evolution of every day gadgets into smart-devices able to react to their surrounding environment is enabling the development of novel applications aiming revolutionize the industry related to this technology. Currently much attention has been given to standardizing IoT and M2M in order to build an interoperable foundation that will enable the growth of the future Internet, where devices will communicate without, or at least minimizing, human intervention. In this dissertation is presented in first place issues such as: heterogeneity, scalability, addressing and the first approach taken by the ETSI M2M standard. Subsequently, is presented the ETSI M2M vision and high-level architecture together with current work in this area. Finally an implementation of the network middleware is going to be presented along with further testing.
A evolução dos dispositivos do dia a dia em dispositivos inteligentes capazes de reagir ao ambiente que os rodeia está a permitir a criação de novas aplicações que visam revolucionar a industria. Atualmente tem-se dado muita atenção a estandardização da Internet das Coisas e comunicações máquinaa- máquina, com o objetivo de construir uma fundação interoperável que permitirá o crescimento futuro da Internet, onde os dispositivos irão comunicar sem, ou com mínima, intervenção humana. Nesta dissertação é apresentado em primeiro lugar requisitos como heterogeneidade, escalabilidade, endereçamento e a primeira abordagem feita pelo standard M2M do ETSI. Consequentemente, é a apresentada a visão e a arquitetura e o trabalho realizado nesta área. Por fim é apresentada a implementação da componente de rede realizada nesta dissertação juntamente com os respetivos testes.
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Adiga, Vivekananda Parampalli. "Development of high throughput polarization maintaining NSOM probes." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2504.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Material Science and Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Daskalos, Alexandros. "Deregulation of DNA methylation aand retrotransposon reactivation in NSCL." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539561.
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Low, Chun Hong. "Near Field Scanning Optical Microscopy(NSOM) of nano devices." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FLow.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Combat Systems Science and Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Haegel, Nancy M. ; Luscombe, James. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Sponsoring/Monitoring Agency Report Number: "DMR-0526330." Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61). Also available in print.
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Coleman, Anita Sundaram, and Youfen Su. "The NSDL as a testbed for digital library learning research." Project Kaleidoscope, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105461.
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This article discusses the National Science Digital Library (NSDL), a National Science Foundation (NSF) project as an infrastructure or test bed for large-scale and integrated research at the intersections of digital libraries and digital learning. An aggregated evaluation service, modelled on the Text Retrieval Conferences (TREC) and an evaluation materials clearinghouse are starting points for solving the digital learning problem in digital libraries research.
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Bongasu-Tanla-Kishani, Andrew. "Les philosophies d'expression orale chez les Nso' du Cameroun : (essai sur la pluralite culturelle)." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010653.
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Contrairement à certaines attentes, il s'agit de faire l'éloge de la pluralité des cultures face à la hantise croissante du nivellement intégral des identités culturelles. Donc, loin de dresser une liste quelconque des philosophies chez les Nso' d'antan comme d'aujourd'hui, nous abordons certains problèmes relevant de cette hantise. Mis à part les deux chapitres introductifs, ou se présente l'esquisse du problème essentiel, et la conclusion, l'ensemble du travail pourrait se diviser en deux phases dont l'une traite le contexte historique des philosophies et des pratiques coloniales et néocolonialistes auxquelles se heurtent les fonctionnements et les aspirations créatives des communautés culturelles comme celle des Nso' et dont l'autre offre une vue panoramique à la fois culturelle, historique et spatiale du pays Nso'. En effet, si la première phase nous a permis d'esquisser les distinctions entre les concepts de culture et ses diverses formes de matérialisation comme langue, race, religion et corps politique, la deuxième phase s'efforce de présenter certaines perspectives fonctionnellement endogènes à la culture Nso'' tout en dégageant les éléments conceptuels sous-jacents à partir d'un vaste corpus de textes enregistres et transcrits que nous traduisons en français. Ainsi, cette étude couvre un corpus constitue de nos enquêtes sur place afin de permettre aux lecteurs de mieux apprécier le fonctionnement des philosophies d'expression orale chez les Nso'. Recherche interdisciplinaire en philosophie du langage, elle exige à ce titre l'inauguration des sciences de l'oralité de transmissionContrary to some expectations, the study lauds the plurality of cultures confronted with the growing obsession of an integral levelling of cultural identities. Hence, far from drawing up whatever list of philosophies among the nso' of yore and of today, i have tackled some of the problems arising from that obsession. Apart from the two introductory chapters, where the essential problem is carved out, and the conclusion, the whole work presents two phases, one of which deals with the historical context of colonial and neocolonial philosophical practices with which the operative and creative aspirations of cultural communities such as that of the nso' of cameroon are wrestling; and the other offers a simultaneous cultural, historical and spatial outlook of the nso' country. Consequently, if the first phase enabled us to exhaust every sketch of the distinctions between the concepts of culture and its diverse forms of materialization such as language, race, religion and political bodies, the second phase attempts to present some perspectives which are functionally indigenous to the nso' culture, while unravelling the underlying conceptual elements from a vast corpus of taped, translated texts which we translate into french. Thus, the study covers the whole range of our fieldwork so as to enable our readers to make a better evaluation of the functioning of orally expressed philosophies. An interdisciplinary research, it's the dawn of the oral sciences
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Kee, W. Paul. "Retention among the Nso' of Cameroun a case study /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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川合, 隆光, TAKAMITSU KAWAI, 周一 市川, SHUICHI ICHIKAWA, 俊夫 島田, and TOSHIO SHIMADA. "並列数値シミュレーション用高水準言語NSL." 情報処理学会, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10312.
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Wu, Mon-Han. "The effect of osmotic pressure on GS-NSO antibody production cell line." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439532.
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Sage, Elizabeth Ann. "The functional competence of animal cells in culture : the NSO cell proteome." Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399618.
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Babiak, Katherine. "Managerial leadership in Canadian NSOs: Values and perceptions of senior staff leaders and their staff members." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9783.
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Leadership is a critical component of organizational effectiveness (Smith, Carson & Alexander, 1984), and often has the potential to impact on the success or failure of an enterprise. This study was designed to examine managerial leadership perceptions and values using an integrated theoretical approach in the context of Canadian National Sport Organizations (NSOs). The framework used, Yukl (1989), encompasses five primary components: leader traits, leader skills, leader behaviours, power bases for leadership, and transformational/charismatic leadership characteristics. Results indicated that there appeared to be a relatively high degree of agreement or harmony between senior staff leaders and staff members as to what "ideal" leadership ought to be in effective sport organizations. Some organizations showed a high degree of congruence between the leader "ideal" and the staff "actual" values, whereas others showed disagreement in responses. The same pattern of results was obtained when comparing "actual" and "ideal" leadership perceptions by staff members. Results also showed that congruence or incongruence in "actual" and "ideal" leadership values was generally consistent among staff members within each organization. This led the researcher to conclude that managerial leadership in these organizations appears to be contextual and organizationally specific. Additional findings were revealed from an analysis of ranking the data. Leader self-confidence, honesty, and willingness to assume responsibility appeared to be important for leader effectiveness. Conceptual and human skills were also ranked highly. The importance of a people-oriented style of leadership was emphasized. Knowledge appeared to be an important source of leader power, and the development and use of a vision appeared to be fundamental for managerial leadership effectiveness in sport organizations. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Gianfrancesco, Anthony Giacomo. "Multi-wavelength characterization of cadmium telluride solar cell: Development of Q-EBIC and NSOM measurement techniques." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/213.
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Thin-film inorganic solar cells, such as CdTe, have demonstrated the most promise to date for a viable low-cost renewable energy resource. Their current performance, however, is far from the theoretical limit suffering from significant charge recombination losses due to grain boundaries and point defects. It is likely that the microscopic compositions of grain bulk and grain boundaries are significantly different and not optimal for the overall device performance. Good understanding of charge transport along and across the grain boundaries and other microscopic interfaces is lacking, preventing the development of reliable and predictive device models. The insufficient microscopic understanding hinders efficient characterization of photovoltaic materials and also holds back the development of process control techniques. We first show preliminary results for a novel technique, quantum-dot electron-beam induced current to characterize semiconductors in the near-field. We also propose the use of near-field optical scanning microscopy for high precision optical excitation and for local, high-resolution characterization. These imaging techniques are examined with the goal of synthesizing information obtained by both methods, of material phenomena at the relevant length scales, to other measurement methods. The most important nanoscale phenomena being the separation of compositional and electrical effects.
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YE, KUNTAO. "INVESTIGATION OF A METHOD FOR INTEGRATION OF OPTICAL NANOPROBES WITH CMOS PHOTODETECTION CIRCUITRY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1152058262.
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Seshadri, Bharath. "DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A NEAR-FIELD APERTURE ARRAY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin985899822.
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Nyuyki, Peter Siysi. "A missional approach to the traditional social associations of the NSO’ people of Cameroon." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59094.
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This research deals with Christian missions and African cultures. It focuses on the
traditional social associations of the Nso’ people of Cameroon. The main problem
the research addresses is that missionaries who came to Nso’ mostly imposed their
culture on the Nso’ and by extension Africa in the name of Christianity. What this
research refers to as traditional social associations is what the missionaries
prejudicially termed secret societies. The research argues that these traditional
social associations are not secret societies. They are rather custodians and
preservers of Nso’ culture. Their activities are largely social, and revolve around
eating and drinking.
The research compares the case of Nso’ with missionary endeavours in North Africa:
Egypt, Axum and Nubia and in Sub-Saharan Africa. In all these areas, the following
commonalities are found: insufficient interest in the indigenous languages,
syncretism, the tendency of mission to always link with colonialism and to despise
the African worldview. In all these areas, the result was conflict between mission and
indigenous culture, and conflict within the traditional cultures.
In order to appropriately engage contexts in Africa that have traditional social
associations like Nso’, the researcher proposes the use of an integrated missional
approach. By integrated missional approach the researcher means a perspective
that takes theology, anthropology, sociology and culture seriously when carrying out
the mission of God (missio Dei). The researcher presents an integrated missional
approach that is constructed in the light of contextualisation. This approach is based
on Niebuhr’s typology that is described in his book Christ and culture and as
analysed by Kraft in his Anthropology for Christian witness.
The following sociological theories: functionalism, conflict theory, phenomenology
and social identity theory are used to discuss how certain realities operate in human
communities.
Using content analysis as his predominant methodological approach to the data
collected, the researcher concludes that culture has been, is, and will continue to be
the main vehicle for mission. Hence, the traditional social associations of the Nso’
people, which form the core culture of Nso’ need to be seen as an opportunity for
evangelisation. The research shows that the missionary era in Nso’ in particular and
Africa in general has ended and that the era in which the local church is finding its
own identity is underway.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Methodist Church Britain
Science of Religion and Missiology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Bongasu-Tanla, Kishani. "Les Philosophies d'expression orale chez les Nso' du Cameroun essai sur la pluralité culturelle /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376120540.
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Hast, Isak. "Quality Assessment of Spatial Data: Positional Uncertainties of the National Shoreline Data of Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18743.
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This study investigates on the planimetric (x, y) positional accuracy of the National Shoreline (NSL) data, produced in collaboration between the Swedish mapping agency Lantmäteriet and the Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA). Due to the compound nature of shorelines, such data is afflicted by substantial positional uncertainties. In contrast, the positional accuracy requirements of NSL data are high. An apparent problem is that Lantmäteriet do not measure the positional accuracy of NSL in accordance to the NSL data product specification. In addition, currently, there is little understanding of the latent positional changes of shorelines affected by the component of time, in direct influence of the accuracy of NSL. Therefore, in accordance to the two specific aims of this study, first, an accuracy assessment technique is applied so that to measure the positional accuracy of NSL. Second, positional time changes of NSL are analysed. This study provides with an overview of potential problems and future prospects of NSL, which can be used by Lantmäteriet to improve the quality assurance of the data. Two line-based NSL data sets within the NSL classified regions of Sweden are selected. Positional uncertainties of the selected NSL areas are investigated using two distinctive methodologies. First, an accuracy assessment method is applied and accuracy metrics by the root-means-square error (RMSE) are derived. The accuracy metrics are checked toward specification and standard accuracy tolerances. Results of the assessment by the calculated RMSE metrics in comparison to tolerances indicate on an approved accuracy of tested data. Second, positional changes of NSL data are measured using a proposed space-time analysis technique. The results of the analysis reveal significant discrepancies between the two areas investigated, indicating that one of the test areas are influenced by much greater positional changes over time. The accuracy assessment method used in this study has a number of apparent constraints. One manifested restriction is the potential presence of bias in the derived accuracy metrics. In mind of current restrictions, the method to be preferred in assessment of the positional accuracy of NSL is a visual inspection towards aerial photographs. In regard of the result of the space-time analysis, one important conclusion can be made. Time-dependent positional discrepancies between the two areas investigated, indicate that Swedish coastlines are affected by divergent degrees of positional changes over time. Therefore, Lantmäteriet should consider updating NSL data at different time phases dependent on the prevailing regional changes so that to assure the currently specified positional accuracy of the entire data structure of NSL.
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Bond, Jennifer Emma. "Investigation of the dynamic relationship between extracellular and intracellular pH in GS-NSO cell culture." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415045.
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Whiteman, Melissa Christine. "Characterization of NSl glycosylation mutant viruses as a potential vaccine candidate for West Nile virus." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490657.
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West Nile virus (\VNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has N-linked glycosylation sites on the premembrane (prM) envelope (E) and nonstructural 1 (NS1) proteins. NS1 contains three glycosylation (asparagine-X-threoine [NXT]) sites at NS1130, NS1175, and NSh07. The fIrst aim ofthe thesis was to attenuate WNV through the ablation of the NS1 glycosylation sites, individually and in all combinations, initially by replacing the asparagine (N) with alanine (A) in the glycosylation motifusing site-directed mutagenesis ofa WNV infectious clone. Two ofthe mutants were greatly attenuated, up to 50,000-fold, for lethal neuroinvasiveness in mice, had reduced viraemia at two and three days post-infection relative to the parental strain, but multiplied similarly to the parental strain in Vero cells. Although these viruses were highly attenuated, the most attenuated NS1 mutant virus reverted to virulence and reversion at the fIrst NS1 glycosylation site (NS1130) was seen in mice that succumbed to infection. The second aim was to diminish reversion. Thus, the fIrst NSI glycosylation site was mutated such that it contained two or three amino acid substitutions in the NS1130 glycosylation motif(NNT~SVT;NNT~QQA),while the second and third glycosylation sites remained a single N to A amino acid change. These viruses were highly attenuated for mouse neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence, >1OO,OOO-foid and 3,000-fold, respectively, compared to the parental strain and did not revert to virulence. Multiplication kinetics ofthe attenuated viruses in mice showed a decrease in multiplication compared to the parental strain and a small plaque phenotype. The third aim was to examine a functional role for the NS1 protein using these mutant viruses. Electron microscopy studies ofthe most attenuated NS1 glycosylation mutant virus revealed changes in the virus-induced structures compared to the parent virusinfected Vero cells that may suggest involvement ofthe NSI protein in the fonnation ofthese structures. Cytokine expression experiments showed several down-regulated cytokines in the sera ofparent and attenuated NS1 mutant virus-infected mice compared to mock-infected serum suggesting that immune evasion by the suppression ofcytokines may contribute to the WNV virulence phenotype. Therefore, mutations in the NSI glycosylation sites were hypothesized to modify virus replication and the host response to infection leading to a mouse attenuated phenotype. Construction ofa virus with mutations ablating the glycosylation site in the E protein together with the ablation ofthe three NSI glycosylation sites completely attenuated this virus for mouse neuroinvasiveness with an ipLDso >100,000 PFU. It was hypothesized that the ablation ofthe prM glycosylation site would also attenuate WNV. Contrary to previous studies, however, the ablation ofthe prM glycosylation site did not attenuate the virus and multiplication kinetics in cell culture revealed that this mutant virus m~l~ipli.ed to higher titres at all time points when compared to the parental strain. UtIh~tlon ofthe mutant viruses generated in this thesis may have potential as effectIve components offuture vaccine candidates.
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Lawrence, Yuven Lafen. "Traditional culture, science education and changing values among the Nso people of North West Cameroon." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388397.
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Banadzem, Joseph. "Le Royaume Nso' de l’installation à Kimbo jusqu’à Ngga Bifon I : fonctionnement politique et aspects idéologiques (1780-1947)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010598.
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Vers 1780, s'est effectué le troisième et dernier transfert du siège politique Nso'. Cet évènement, provoque par des facteurs sociaux, économiques, écologiques, démographiques et de sécurité ont changé la conception Nso' de la société. Le territoire a été multiplié par 8 ; il a eu des brassages avec les anciens habitants du pays ; l'armée a été réorganisée en zone de défense. Grace à ces dispositions, le royaume Nso' s'est émergé comme une entité politique importante dans la savane camerounaise. A partir du milieu du 19e siècle, toute les structures développées dans la période précédente, ont atteint leur maturité. Sur le plan de la justice, trois niveaux d'exercice ont été développés. Les 2 premiers étaient des justices de conciliations mais au niveau central, une justice assez répressive a été mise en vigueur. Dans le domaine politique, plusieurs institutions ont été élaborées. On observe une certaine recherche pour les diversifier. L'idéologie politique mise en place a amené un comportement politique particulier. Il y a eu de grandes transformations sociales, grâce aux brassages et relations qui se sont développés avec les royaumes voisins. En économie, le pays Nso' s'est spécialisé dans les productions de cola, de l'ivoire, du tabac et des "tissus". Sa situation a fait qu'il est devenu une rupture de charge dans le commerce entre la savane du sud et les cités du nord. Cet effort de construction a été arrêté en 1906 par la colonisation. Soumis, l'administration coloniale allemande et anglaise d’ "indirect rule" et son éloignement des côtes ont permis au pays Nso' de préserver ses anciennes structures politiques et sociales. Après les premières années très difficiles sur le plan social et économique, la société a commencé à se redresser à partir des années 40. L'expérience coloniale a permis à la societe Nso' de montrer la solidité de sa conception politique et sociale ancienneDue to demographic, social, environmental and security reasons, the Nso' dynasty was forced to transfer its political capital in about 1780. The reorganization of the army and social dynamism followed the move to the site. As from the middle of the 19th century, Nso' society developed into a formidable complexity. Various aspects : political, economic, social, judiciary reached a sort of perfection. At the same time, a strong political ideology developed. In economy the kingdom is a raw material belt with the production of iron, kola ivory, tobacco, honey and some cloth. Commerce also developed between this raw material zone and consumer Nigerian cities. Colonization stopped this political experience in 1906, but the German and British colonial systems permitted the Nso to preserve their culture
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Khoo, Soo Hean Gary. "Molecular profiling of the increased antibody productivity in a proliferation arrested NSO mouse myeloma cell line." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521990.
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Khorasani, Abraham J. "Examining the function of KIAA1310/NSL3, a member of the NSL, TET2 and TET3 epigenetic complexes." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12444.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated by a number of factors. Transcription initiation can be modulated by the binding of protein factors to specific sequences of DNA in the promoter of a gene. In addition, non-sequence (epigenetic) factors- namely, chemical modification of DNA and histones, the proteins around which DNA organizes to form chromatin - are a method of regulating gene expression by altering the structure of the chromatin environment and recruiting proteins that bind to the modifications. Two of the most common epigenetic modifications are acetylation of lysine residues on histones and methylation at the 5-position of the DNA base cytosine (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) within cytosine-guanine dinucleotides. Histone acetylation status is modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). DNA methylation is mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs); however, for some time, the mechanism of DNA demethylation was unclear. It was recently shown that the TET family of proteins was capable of oxidizing 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and further on to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) as part of a putative DNA demethylation pathway. Here, we have begun to study the largely uncharacterized protein KIAA1310/NSL3, which associates with MOF, a HAT, in the NSL complex, as well as TET2 and TET3. KIAA1310/NSL3 contains an a/β hydrolase fold domain, which we hypothesize to be important to its function in these epigenetic complexes. Little is known about its role in these complexes, although it has been shown to be involved in recruiting RNA polymerase II to the transcription start sites (TSSs) of genes regulated by the NSL complex. We aimed to investigate KIAA1310/NSL3's function in the context of the TET2 and TET3 complexes. [TRUNCATED]
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Duncan, Philippa Jane. "The effect of hyperosmotic conditions on growth and recombinant protein production by NSO myeloma cells in culture." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403285.
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Osman, Jason John. "Response of GS-NSO mouse myeloma cells to pH fluctuations relevant to those found in large scale fermentation." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393530.
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Banadzem, Lukong Joseph. "Le Royaume Nso' de l'installation à Kimbo jusqu'à Ngga Bifon I fonctionnement politique et aspects idéologiques, 1780-1947." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595692d.
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Nsoh, Christopher Ndikum [Verfasser]. "The European Union internal exclusion and extra- territorialisation of asylum seekers and migrants into camps : Case studies, Ukraine, Libya and Germany / Christopher Ndikum Nsoh." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023097311/34.
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Prosen, Katherine Rose. "Investigating the Mode of Action of a Novel N-sec-butylthiolated Beta-lactam Against Staphylococcus aureus." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3609.
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N-sec -butylthioloated β-lactam (NsβL) is a novel beta-lactam antimicrobial with a mechanism of action proposed to inhibit 3-oxoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (ACP) III (FabH), resulting in the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. It has been suggested that NsβL inhibits FabH indirectly by inactivating coenzyme-A (CoA). CoA is an essential cofactor for numerous proteins involved in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (TCA), and pyruvate metabolism, in addition to fatty acid biosynthesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of NsβL on a diverse array of laboratory and clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates by analyzing the mode of resistance in spontaneous and adaptive mutant NsβL-resistant mutants. Phenotypic analysis of the mutants was performed, as well as sequence analysis of fabH; along with comparative proteomic analysis of intracellular proteomes. Our results indicate that NsβL resistance is mediated by drastic changes in the cell wall, oxidative stress response, virulence regulation, and those pathways associated with CoA. It is our conclusion that Nsβ
L has activity towards CoA, resulting in wide-spread effects on metabolism, virulence factor production, stress response, and antimicrobial resistance.
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Trudell, Barbara Louise. "The power of the local : education choices and language maintenance among the Bafut, Kom and Nso communities of northwest Cameroon." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30860.
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This study is an exploration of the relationship between the education choices made by the members of three minority language communities of the Northwest Province of Cameroon, and maintenance of the mother tongue of those communities. In each of these three language communities, mother-tongue development initiatives – including a mother-tongue primary education programme – have been operating for more than ten years. Response to these initiatives has had ramifications for uses of the mother tongue in those communities, in both written and oral form. The research which informs this study was carried out from September 2002 – August 2003 in the Northwest Province of Cameroon. The study utilises document analysis, observational data and data from an extensive array of interviews to investigate the nature of the relationship between language and education among the Bafut, Kom and Nso’ language communities of Northwest Province. That relationship is elucidated in multiple strands of investigation: an examination of the history of language and education among the Bafut, Kom and Nso’ communities, an analysis of the ways in which the local language is currently used among language community members, in both its oral and written form; and an examination of the individual and institutional stakeholders that influence use of the local language in the communities and in the primary school classrooms. The investigation results in several observations regarding the elements of an African minority language environment which contribute to sustainable language development, particularly through language-related choices in the primary school. The research findings also argue for the pivotal importance of local choice in shaping both educational trends and language use patterns.
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Richard, Andrea L. "Spectroscopy of the A = 33 Isobars in the Island of Inversion." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1519055652016583.
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Salowsky, Helena. "Vorkommen und Abbau von Teerölschadstoffen unter instationären Fließ- und Redoxbedingungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-201458.
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Teeröl verarbeitende Betriebe, Gaswerke und Altablagerungen mit Gaswerksrückständen haben in der Vergangenheit eine Vielzahl lang andauernder Boden- und Grundwasserkontaminationen verursacht. Natürliche Abbauprozesse (NA) haben sich zur Reduktion der Schadstofffrachten bereits an vielen Standorten als wirksam erwiesen, wobei bisher in erster Linie Standorte mit stationären Grundwasserfließbedingungen betrachtet wurden. Deutschlandweit existieren jedoch viele Industrieanlagen und Altstandorte in der Nähe großer Flüsse, da über die Flüsse kostengünstig Ausgangsmaterialien an- und Produkte abtransportiert werden konnten. Die Nähe zum Fließgewässer sorgt hierbei an vielen Standorten für instationäre Grundwasserfließ- und Redoxbedingungen.
In dieser Studie wurden erstmals die Auswirkungen instationärer Bedingungen auf NA-Prozesse untersucht. Am Beispiel eines ehemaligen Gaswerks und drei Vergleichsstandorten wurden anhand von Grundwasseruntersuchungen das Schadstoffspektrum umfassend analysiert, die Auswirkungen der instationären Bedingungen auf Schadstoffkonzentrationen und Redoxbedingungen untersucht, sowie in Abbauversuchen in Labormikrokosmen der mikrobiologische Abbau teerölbürtiger Schadstoffe unter instationären Bedingungen nachgewiesen.
Die Anbindung des Grundwasserleiters an das Oberflächengewässer und dessen Einfluss auf Grundwasserfließverhalten und Redoxbedingungen wurden mithilfe engmaschiger Beprobungen und einer Multiparametersonde belegt. Grundwasserproben des Standorts wurden mittels GC MS auf insgesamt mehr als 100 teerölbürtige Verbindungen untersucht. Neben den routinemäßig an teerölbelasteten Standorten untersuchten BTEX-Aromaten und EPA-PAK wurde eine Vielzahl weiterer mono- und polyzyklischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe, kurzkettiger Alkylphenole sowie insbesondere heterozyklischer Kohlenwasserstoffe (NSO-HET) analysiert. Zusätzlich zu den EPA-PAK und BTEX-Aromaten erwiesen sich Indan und Inden, sowie viele NSO-HET als besonders relevant. Schadensherdnah sind dies vor allem Chinolin, 2-Methylchinolin, Dibenzothiophen, Benzofuran und Dibenzofuran, im weiteren Abstrom werden insbesondere 2,4 und 2,6-Dimethylchinolin, 3- und 5-Methylbenzothiophen, 2- und 3-Methylbenzofuran sowie 2-Methyldibenzofuran nachgewiesen. Auf Basis der Felddaten (Schadstoffe, Toxizität, Redoxzonierung) und der mikrobiologischen Abbauversuche im Labor wurden natürliche mikrobiologische Abbauprozesse unter wechselnden Redoxbedingungen nachgewiesen und erstmals die Wirksamkeit von natürlichen Abbauprozessen auch unter instationären Bedingungen gezeigt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können bei der Bearbeitung anderer Standorte mit instationären Bedingungen eingesetzt werden.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich periodische Wechsel der Redoxverhältnisse, verbunden mit dem Eintrag von Sauerstoff in einen Grundwasserleiter, ausgesprochen günstig auf den Schadstoffabbau und damit die Länge einer Schadstofffahne auswirken können. Für Standorte mit instationären Grundwasserfließverhältnissen ist die Frage relevant, ob und wie weit sich mit der Fließrichtungsumkehr tatsächlich auch die Redoxverhältnisse im Grundwasserleiter ändern und ob es zum Beispiel zu einem Eintrag von Sauerstoff kommt. Durch kontinuierliche Messungen mit Hilfe einer Multiparametersonde über den Zeitraum von zwei Jahren konnte der Eintrag von Sauerstoff in Zeiten mit erhöhten Rheinwasserständen nachgewiesen werden. In Abhängigkeit hierzu ändert sich auch das Redoxpotential. Der Nachweis des periodischen Eintrags von Sauerstoff in den Grundwasserleiter ist von besonderer Bedeutung. Zum einen konnte durch Abbauversuche die schnelle aerobe Umsetzung vieler am Standort gemessenen Substanzen nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich kann der in den Grundwasserleiter eingetragene Sauerstoff genutzt werden, um reduziertes Eisen(ll) wieder zu oxidieren. Das so entstandene dreiwertige Eisen steht den Mikroorganismen dann wieder als Elektronen-akzeptor zur Verfügung. Die Bedeutung von Eisen(lll) als Elektronenakzeptor wurde ebenfalls anhand von Labormikrokosmen nachgewiesen. Die günstigen Auswirkungen instationärer Redoxbedingungen sind demnach anhand von Feld- und Labordaten belegt.
Auch hinsichtlich des Parameterumfangs der an teerölkontaminierten Standorten relevanten Schadstoffe wurden durch das erweiterte Schadstoffspektrum wichtige Erkenntnisse gewonnen, welche unmittelbar auf andere Standorte übertragbar sind.
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Torres, Nancy da Rocha. "Clonagem, avaliação de SNPs e expressão heteróloga da ATP Difosfohidrolase 2 (NTPDase 2) das cepas ET e NSL de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/13536.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
As leishmanioses compreendem um conjunto de doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e transmitidas pela picada de fêmeas de insetos flebotomíneos. Apresentam diferentes formas de manifestações clínicas de acordo com a espécie envolvida, podendo apresentar sintomatologia mais severa correlacionada à infecção por cepas mais virulentas. Estudos indicam que L. braziliensis, principal agente da leishmaniose cutânea e mucocutânea no Brasil, possui uma diversidade intra-espécie e que diferentes cepas estão relacionadas a diferenças na virulência, podendo influenciar o desenvolvimento de diferentes formas clínicas. Foi observado que as cepas ET e NSL apresentam características polares quanto à virulência e infecciosidade em modelo murino. Além disso, foi observado que essas cepas diferem na hidrólise de nucleotídeos extracelulares e que a alta taxa de hidrólise de ATP se correlaciona com a cepa NSL, de maior virulência. O mesmo trabalho identificou a presença de SNPs não silenciosos na sequência da NTPDase2 de NSL, mas nenhuma correlação com a atividade de hidrólise de nucleotídeos, virulência e infectividade foi observada. Considerando papel das NTPDases de Leishmania na hidrólise de nucleotídeos extracelulares e na modulação da resposta imune do hospedeiro, o objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em investigar a relação desses polimorfismos com a atividade da enzima NTPDase2, visando compreender as diferenças de hidrólise de nucleotídeos e virulência previamente observados. Nesse trabalho, a região que codifica para o ectodomínio da enzima NTPDase2 das cepas ET e NSL foi isolado e clonado em vetor bacteriano e a sequência correspondente ao ectodomínio de ET/NSL-NTPDase2 foi clonada no vetor pET21b, expressa e purificada. Análises de polimorfismos nas sequências indicam que os clones ET apresentam apenas SNPs silenciosos nas posições 861 e 879. Diferentemente, alguns clones NSL apresentam sequência idêntica à de ET e outros possuem SNPs nas posições 213, 296, 377, 554 e 1126, mudando os aminoácidos nas posições 99, 126, 185 e 376. Avaliando a estrutura 3D das proteínas, foi observado que a maioria das mutações são externas à enzima e que a mutação T376A se localiza em uma região predita como importante para a ligação ao substrato. Juntos, esses resultados levantam questões importantes acerca da influência desses SNPs na estrutura e atividade da enzima, que podem nortear experimentos futuros, a fim de elucidar o papel de variantes genéticas para a enzima NTPDase2 nos fenômenos observados para essas duas cepas em L. braziliensis.
Leishmaniasis comprises a set of diseases caused by Leishmania protozoa and transmitted by the bite of females of phlebotomine insects. They present different clinical outcomes according to the species and may present more severe symptomatology correlated to infection by more virulent strains. Studies indicate that L. braziliensis, the main agent of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, has an intra-species diversity and different strains are related to differences in virulence, who affects the development of different clinical forms. It was observed that the ET and NSL strains have polar characteristics regarding virulence and infectivity in murine model. Furthermore, it was observed that these strains differ in hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides and the high rate of hydrolysis of ATP correlates with the NSL, the higher virulence strain. The same work identified non-silent SNPs in NTPDase2 sequence, but no correlation with nucleotide hydrolysis activity, virulence and infectivity was observed. Considering the role of Leishmania NTPDases in hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides and modulation of the host immune response, the aim of this work was to investigate the relationship of these polymorphisms with the activity of the enzyme NTPDase2, in order to understand the differences of nucleotide hydrolysis and virulence previously observed. In this work, the coding region corresponding to ectodomain NTPDase2 from ET and NSL strains was isolated and cloned into a bacterial vector and the sequence corresponding to the ET / NSL-NTPDase2 ectodomain expressed and purified. Analysis of polymorphisms in the sequences indicates that all ET clones present only silent SNPs at positions 861 and 879. In contrast, some NSL clones have a sequence identical to ET and others have SNPs at positions 213, 296, 377, 554 and 1126, changing amino acids at positions 99, 126, 185 and 376. The 3D structure of the proteins, show that most mutations are external to the enzyme and the T376A mutation is located in a predicted region as important for substrate binding. Together, these results raise important questions about the influence of these SNPs on the structure and activity of the enzyme that can guide future experiments in order to elucidate the role of genetic variants for the enzyme NTPDase2 in the phenomena observed for these two strains in L. braziliensis.
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Petersen, Rebecca. "Data Mining for Network Intrusion Detection : A comparison of data mining algorithms and an analysis of relevant features for detecting cyber-attacks." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28002.
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Data mining can be defined as the extraction of implicit, previously un-known, and potentially useful information from data. Numerous re-searchers have been developing security technology and exploring new methods to detect cyber-attacks with the DARPA 1998 dataset for Intrusion Detection and the modified versions of this dataset KDDCup99 and NSL-KDD, but until now no one have examined the performance of the Top 10 data mining algorithms selected by experts in data mining. The compared classification learning algorithms in this thesis are: C4.5, CART, k-NN and Naïve Bayes. The performance of these algorithms are compared with accuracy, error rate and average cost on modified versions of NSL-KDD train and test dataset where the instances are classified into normal and four cyber-attack categories: DoS, Probing, R2L and U2R. Additionally the most important features to detect cyber-attacks in all categories and in each category are evaluated with Weka’s Attribute Evaluator and ranked according to Information Gain. The results show that the classification algorithm with best performance on the dataset is the k-NN algorithm. The most important features to detect cyber-attacks are basic features such as the number of seconds of a network connection, the protocol used for the connection, the network service used, normal or error status of the connection and the number of data bytes sent. The most important features to detect DoS, Probing and R2L attacks are basic features and the least important features are content features. Unlike U2R attacks, where the content features are the most important features to detect attacks.
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Elbée, Christian d'. "Expansions et néostabilité en théorie des modèles." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1076/document.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude d’expansions de certaines structures algébriques et leur place dans la classification modèle-théorique des structures, initiée par Shelah. La première partie aborde de manière abstraite l’expansion d’une théorie par un prédicat aléatoire –ou générique– pour une sous-structure modèle d’un réduit de la théorie. Nous éla- borons un critère pour l’existence d’une telle expansion, qui est vérifié pour certaines théories de structures algébriques. En particulier, nous montrons l’existence de sous-groupes additifs génériques pour certaines théories de corps, ainsi que de sous-groupes multiplicatifs génériques pour les corps algébriquement clos en toute caractéristique. Nous étudions aussi la conservation de diverses notions de néostabilité, en particulier nous montrons que cette expansion préserve la propriété NSOP 1 , mais en général ne préserve pas la simplicité. Nous produisons par cette construction de nouveaux exemples de structures NSOP 1 non simples, et faisons une étude toute particulière de l’une d’entre elles : l’expansion d’un corps algébriquement clos de caractéristique positive par un sous-groupe additif générique. La deuxième partie étudie les expansions du groupe des entiers par des valuations p-adiques. Nous montrons l’élimination des quantificateurs dans un langage naturel et calculons le dp-rang d’une telle expansion : il est égal au nombre de valuations considérées. L’expansion du groupe des entiers par une seule valuation p-adique est donc une nouvelle expansion dp-minimale du groupe des entiers. Enfin, nous montrons que cette dernière n’admet pas de structures intermédiaires : tout ensemble définissable dans l’expansion est soit définissable dans le groupe des entiers, soit capable de “reconstruire” la valuation en utilisant seulement la structure additiveThis thesis is concerned with the expansions of some algebraic structures and their fit in Shelah’s classification landscape. The first part deals with the expansion of a theory by a random –or generic– predicate for a substructure model of a reduct of the theory. We describe a setup allowing such an expansion to exist, which is suitable for several algebraic structures. In particular, we obtain the existence of additive generic subgroups of some theories of fields and multiplicative generic subgroups of algebraically closed fields in all characteristic. We also study the preservation of certain neostability notions, for instance, the NSOP 1 property is preserved but the simplicity is not in general. Thus, this construction produces new examples of NSOP 1 not simple theories, and we study in depth a particular example: the expansion of an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic by a generic additive subgroup. The second part studies expansions of the groups of integers by p-adic valuations. We prove quantifier elimination in a natural language and compute the dp-rank of these expansions: it equals the number of distinct p-adic valuations considered. Thus, the expansion of the integers by one p-adic valuation is a new dp-minimal expansion of the group of integers. Finally, we prove that the latter expansion does not admit intermediate structures: any definable set in the expansion is either definable in the group structure or is able to "reconstruct" the valuation using only the group operation
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Nitcheu, Rufin Raoul Bagopha. "Ambivalences de la dynamique d'incorporation structurelle en Afrique Noire une étude à la lumière de la chefferie Nso dans le Nord-Ouest du Cameroun /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/81/index.html.
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Müller, Pavel. "Lokální charakterizace elektronických součástek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218237.
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The development of micro and nanoelectronics and nanophotonics needs novel characterization techniques to ensure higher quality of designed devices. The thesis describes a use of Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) in dimensional control and in local investigation of diverse physical parameters. As example of its potential, the correlation between object topography and reflection measurement of capacitors is shown.
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Mänz, Jan Sebastian [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruck. "NSO-Heterocyclen und verwandte Verbindungen im Grundwasser von teerbelasteten Altlaststandorten und in angrenzenden Fließgewässern - Analytik, Vorkommen und Adsorption auf Aktivkohle / Jan Sebastian Mänz. Betreuer: Wolfgang Ruck." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034147927/34.
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Howard, Meredith E. "The Joy of CEX: Sharpening the (t,3He) probe at 345 MeV for the charge-exchange knife drawer." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1222168015.
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Onojeharho, Ejovwoke. "Knowledge technologies process and cultures : improving information and knowledge sharing at the Amateur Swimming Association (ASA)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19707.
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Over the last few years the ASA determined KM as a priority to assist with reducing knowledge loss, realising information assets and reducing work duplication by attempting to implement IKM tools and strategies. This research employed a pragmatic viewpoint, using a mix of both quantitative and qualitative methods to check reliability, to ensure validity while undertaking the task of implementing the IKM tools. Using a case study strategy and action research was justified, as to be pragmatic the researcher needed to understand the extent of the problem within a specified context. The research discussed in this thesis, provides a new framework for implementing KM tools; focusing on the NSO category, which the case study organisation falls into. The literature agrees enlisting influential members onto the project is vital for success; however, the findings suggested that success was not only tied to this buy-in alone, but also to the organisation s ability to retain these members for the duration of the project. The research proposed the use of a newly developed tool within the new framework, as an approach to reduce the time it takes to undertake traditional social network analysis of the organisation, as it became clear that there was a need for a method of producing updated results of the SNA, which would span the length of long projects within organisations with significantly high staff turn-over rates. Privacy was given as a factor to consider the in literature; however, the findings from this study indicated that a majority of the participants were comfortable with the system. Email knowledge extraction, and email social network systems are not new concepts, however this research presents EKESNA; a novel tool that combines both concepts in a way that allows for the continuous discovery, visualisation, and analysis of knowledge networks around specified topics of interest within an organisation; linking conversations to specific expert knowledge. EKESNA s continuous discovery of the organisation s knowledge network affords members up-to-date data to inform business process reengineering. This is a potentially ground breaking new tool that has the possibility of transforming the KM landscape in NSOs as well as a whole range of other kinds of enterprises.
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Schneider, Susanne Christine. "Scattering Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy on Anisotropic Dielectrics." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1192105974322-82865.
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Near-field optical microscopy allows the nondestructive examination of surfaces with a spatial resolution far below the diffraction limit of Abbe. In fact, the resolution of this kind of microscope is not at all dependent on the wavelength, but is typically in the range of 10 to 100 nanometers. On this scale, many materials are anisotropic, even though they might appear isotropic on the macroscopic length scale. In the present work, the previously never studied interaction between a scattering-type near-field probe and an anisotropic sample is examined theoretically as well as experimentally. In the theoretical part of the work, the analytical dipole model, which is well known for isotropic samples, is extended to anisotropic samples. On isotropic samples one observes an optical contrast between different materials, whereas on anisotropic samples one expects an additional contrast between areas with different orientations of the same dielectric tensor. The calculations show that this anisotropy contrast is strong enough to be observed if the sample is excited close to a polariton resonance. The experimental setup allows the optical examination in the visible and in the infrared wavelength regimes. For the latter, a free-electron laser was used as a precisely tunable light source for resonant excitation. The basic atomic force microscope provides a unique combination of different scanning probe microscopy methods that are indispensable in order to avoid artifacts in the measurement of the near-field signal and the resulting anisotropy contrast. Basic studies of the anisotropy contrast were performed on the ferroelectric single crystals barium titanate and lithium niobate. On lithium niobate, we examined the spectral dependence of the near-field signal close to the phonon resonance of the sample as well as its dependence on the tip-sample distance, the polarization of the incident light, and the orientation of the sample. On barium titanate, analogous measurements were performed and, additionally, areas with different types of domains were imaged and the near-field optical contrast due to the anisotropy of the sample was directly measured. The experimental results of the work agree with the theoretical predictions. A near-field optical contrast due to the anisotropy of the sample can be measured and allows areas with different orientations of the dielectric tensor to be distinguished optically. The contrast results from variations of the dielectric tensor components both parallel and perpendicular to the sample surface. The presented method allows the optical examination of anisotropies of a sample with ultrahigh resolution, and promises applications in many fields of research, such as materials science, information technology, biology, and nanoopticsDie optische Nahfeldmikroskopie ermöglicht die zerstörungsfreie optische Unter- suchung von Oberflächen mit einer räumlichen Auflösung weit unterhalb des klas- sischen Beugungslimits von Abbe. Die Auflösung dieser Art von Mikroskopie ist unabhängig von der verwendeten Wellenlänge und liegt typischerweise im Bereich von 10-100 Nanometern. Auf dieser Längenskala zeigen viele Materialien optisch anisotropes Verhalten, auch wenn sie makroskopisch isotrop erscheinen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die bisher noch nicht bestimmte Wechselwirkung einer streuenden Nahfeldsonde mit einer anisotropen Probe sowohl theoretisch als auch experimentell untersucht. Im theoretischen Teil wird das für isotrope Proben bekannte analytische Dipol- modell auf anisotrope Materialien erweitert. Während fÄur isotrope Proben ein reiner Materialkontrast beobachtet wird, ist auf anisotropen Proben zusätzlich ein Kontrast zwischen Bereichen mit unterschiedlicher Orientierung des Dielektrizitätstensors zu erwarten. Die Berechnungen zeigen, dass dieser Anisotropiekontrast messbar ist, wenn die Probe nahe einer Polaritonresonanz angeregt wird. Der verwendete experimentelle Aufbau ermöglicht die optische Untersuchung von Materialien im sichtbaren sowie im infraroten Wellenlängenbereich, wobei zur re- sonanten Anregung ein Freie-Elektronen-Laser verwendet wurde. Das dem Nahfeld- mikroskop zugrunde liegende Rasterkraftmikroskop bietet eine einzigartige Kombi- nation verschiedener Rastersondenmikroskopie-Methoden und ermöglicht neben der Untersuchung von komplementären Probeneigenschaften auch die Unterdrückung von mechanisch und elektrisch induzierten Fehlkontrasten im optischen Signal. An den ferroelektrischen Einkristallen Lithiumniobat und Bariumtitanat wurde der anisotrope Nahfeldkontrast im infraroten WellenlÄangenbereich untersucht. An eindomÄanigem Lithiumniobat wurden das spektrale Verhalten des Nahfeldsignals sowie dessen charakteristische Abhängigkeit von Polarisation, Abstand und Proben- orientierung grundlegend untersucht. Auf Bariumtitanat, einem mehrdomänigen Kristall, wurden analoge Messungen durchgeführt und zusätzlich Gebiete mit ver- schiedenen Domänensorten abgebildet, wobei ein direkter nachfeldoptischer Kon- trast aufgrund der Anisotropie der Probe nachgewiesen werden konnte. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit stimmen mit den theoretischen Vorhersagen überein. Ein durch die optische Anisotropie der Probe induzierter Nahfeldkontrast ist messbar und erlaubt die optische Unterscheidung von Gebie- ten mit unterschiedlicher Orientierung des Dielektriziätstensors, wobei eine Än- derung desselben sowohl parallel als auch senkrecht zur Probenoberfläche messbar ist. Diese Methode erlaubt die hochauflösende optische Untersuchung von lokalen Anisotropien, was in zahlreichen Gebieten der Materialwissenschaft, Speichertech- nik, Biologie und Nanooptik von Interesse ist
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Divaratne, Dilupama A. "One and Two Neutron Removal Cross Sections of 24O via Projectile Fragmentation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1395839092.
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Mollet, Oriane. "Sondes actives en champ proche pour la plasmonique et la plasmonique quantique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767888.
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Les plasmons de surface (SP) sont des modes du champ électromagnétique confinés à l'interface entre un métal et un diélectrique. De par leur nature hybride, les SP permettent de concentrer et manipuler la lumière à des échelles sub-longueur d'onde. Ces propriétés sans précédent suscitent un grand intérêt, en particulier pour le transport et le traitement de l'information quantique mais aussi pour le contrôle de l'émission spontanée d'émetteurs fluorescents. Les études présentées dans ce manuscrit s'intéressent au couplage de nanostructures plasmoniques avec des nanoparticules luminescentes. L'outil utilisé est un microscope optique en champ proche (SNOM) dans lequel la nano-source de lumière est un nano-objet fluorescent attaché en bout de pointe (sonde active). Cette technique permet à la fois d'augmenter la résolution théorique accessible en SNOM mais aussi de positionner la sonde avec une précision nanométrique et de l'exciter directement grâce à la lumière laser injectée dans la fibre optique. En utilisant uniquement la lumière émise par l'objet, ces pointes ouvrent la voie à des études originales en nano-optique et en plasmonique. Dans ce travail de thèse, deux aspects distincts ont été abordés. D'une part, nous avons étudié les propriétés des plasmons de surface dans le régime de la plasmonique quantique en utilisant pour cela une sonde active fabriquée à base d'un émetteur de photons uniques, le centre NV (nitrogen-vacancy) contenu dans les nano-diamants. Les résultats fondamentaux obtenus sur ce système permettent d'envisager de nombreuses expériences en plasmonique quantique. D'autre part, le travail de développement des sondes actives à base de nanocristaux de YAG (yttrium-aluminum garnet) dopés au cérium a été poursuivi. Ces sondes nous ont permis de démarrer de nouvelles études sur les résonances plasmoniques localisées de particules colloïdales en or.
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Xu, Suichen. "Securities law violation and reputation loss in the Chinese capital market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119190/1/Suichen_Xu_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines reputation loss of firms violating Securities Law in China, where the legal system is incomplete and legal enforcement is weak. I find that reputation loss plays an important role in disciplining fraudulent Chinese firms, even in state-owned firms. The reputation loss is directly related to deteriorating 'terms of trade'. Restructuring firm through merger and acquisition (M&A) is ineffective in restoring damaged reputation in the short run.
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von, Ribbeck Hans-Georg. "THz Near-Field Microscopy and Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-163917.
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Imaging with THz radiation at nanoscale resolution is highly desirable for specific material investigations that cannot be obtained in other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Nevertheless, classical free-space focusing of THz waves is limited to a >100 μm spatial resolution, due to the diffraction limit. However, the scattering- type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) promises to break this diffraction barrier. In this work, the realization of s-SNOM and spectroscopy for the THz spectral region from 30–300 μm (1–10 THz) is presented. This has been accomplished by using two inherently different radiation sources at distinct experimental setups: A femtosecond laser driven photoconductive antenna, emitting pulsed broadband THz radiation from 0.2–2 THz and a free-electron laser (FEL) as narrow-band high-intensity source, tunable from 1.3–10 THz. With the photoconductive antenna system, it was demonstrated for the first time that near-field spectroscopy using broadband THz-pulses, is achievable. Hereby, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with a mechanical delay stage (THz-TDS) was realized to obtain spectroscopic s-SNOM information, with an additional asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) option for rapid far-field measurements. The near-field spectral capabilities of the microscope are demonstrated with measurements on gold and on variably doped silicon samples. Here it was shown that the spectral response follows the theoretical prediction according to the Drude and the dipole model. While the broadband THz-TDS based s-SNOM in principle allows for the parallel recording of the full spectral response, the weak average power of the THz source ultimately limits the technique to optically investigate selected sample locations only. Therefore, for true THz near-field imaging, a FEL as a high-intensity narrow- band but highly-tunable THz source in combination with the s-SNOM technique, has been explored. Here, the characteristic near-field signatures at wavelengths from 35–230 μm are shown. Moreover, the realization of material sensitive THz near-field imaging is demonstrated by optically resolving, a structured gold rod with a reso- lution of up to 60 nm at 98 μm wavelength. Not only can the gold be distinguished from the silica substrate but moreover parts of the structure have been identified to be residual resin from the fabrication process. Furthermore, in order to explore the resolution capabilities of the technique, the near-fields of patterned gold nano- structures (Fischer pattern) were imaged with a 50 nm resolution at wavelengths up to 230 μm (1.2 THz). Finally, the imaging of a topography-independent optical material contrast of embedded organic structures, at exemplary 150 μm wavelength is shown, thereby demonstrating that the recorded near-field signal alone allows us to identify materials on the nanometer scale. The ability to measure spectroscopic images by THz-s-SNOM, will be of benefit to fundamental research into nanoscale composites, nano-structured conductivity phenomena and metamaterials, and furthermore will enable applications in the chemical and electronics industriesDie Bildgebung mit THz Strahlung im Nanobereich ist höchst wünschenswert für genaue Materialuntersuchungen, welche nicht in anderen Spektralbereichen durchgeführt werden kann. Aufgrund des Beugungslimits ist kann jedoch mit klassischen Methoden keine bessere Auflösung als etwa 100 μm für THz-Strahlung erreicht werden. Die Methode der Streulicht-Nahfeldmikroskopie (s-SNOM) verspricht jedoch dieses Beugungslimit zu durchbrechen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Realisierung der Nahfeld-Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie im THz-Spektralbereich von 30–1500 μm (0.2–10 THz) präsentiert. Dies wurde mittels zweier grundsätzlich unterschiedlichen Strahlungsquellen an separaten Experimentaufbauten erreicht: Einer photoleitenden Antenne welche gepulste breitbandige THz-Strahlung von 0.2–2 THz emittiert, sowie einem Freie- Elektronen Laser (FEL) als schmalbandige hochleistungs Quelle, durchstimmbar von 1.3–10 THz. Mit dem photoleitenden Antennensystem konnte zum ersten mal demonstriert werden, dass mit breitbandigen THz-Pulsen Nahfeldspektroskopie möglich ist. Dazu wurde die übliche THz-Time-Domain-Spektroskopie (THz-TDS) zur Erhaltung der spektroskopischen s-SNOM Informationen, sowie asynchrones optisches Abtasten (ASOPS) für schnelle Fernfeld Spektroskopie eingesetzt. Die nahfeldspektroskopischen Fähigkeiten des Mikroskops wurden anhand von Messungen an Gold sowie unterschiedlich dotierten Siliziumproben demonstriert. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass die spektrale Antwort den theoretischen Voraussagen des Drude- sowie Dipol Modells folgt. Während das breitband THz-TDS basierte s-SNOM spektroskopische Nahfelduntersuchungen zulässt, limitiert jedoch die schwache Ausgangsleistung der THz-quelle diese Technik insofern, dass praktisch nur Punktspektroskopie an ausgesuchten Probenstellen möglich ist. Für echte nanoskopische Nahfeldbildgebung wurde daher ein FEL als durchstimmbare hochleistungs THz-Quelle in Kombination mit der s-SNOM-Technik erforscht. Hierzu wurden die charakteristischen Nahfeld-Signaturen bei Wellenlängen von 35–230 μm untersucht, gefolgt von die Verwirklichung materialsensitiver THz Nahfeldbildgebung gezeigt an Goldstreifen mit bis zu 60 nm Auflösung. Dabei kann nicht nur das Gold von dem Glassubstrat unterschieden werden, sondern auch Ablagerungen als Überreste des Fabrikationsprozesses identifiziert werden. Um die Grenzen der Auflösungsmöglichkeiten dieser Technik zu sondieren, wurden weiterhin die Nahfelder von gemusterten Gold-Nanostrukturen (Fischer-Pattern) bei Wellenlängen bis zu 230 μm (1.2 THz) abgebildet. Hierbei wurde eine Auflösung von 50 nm festgestellt. Schliesslich konnte der topographieunabhängige Materialkontrast von eingebetteten organischen Strukturen, exemplarisch bei 150 μm Wellenlänge, gezeigt werden. Die Fähigkeit, spektroskopische Aufnahmen mittels der THZ-s-SNOM Technik zu erzeugen, wird der Grundlagenforschung und in der Nanotechnologie zu Gute kommen, und weiterhin Anwendungen in der Chemischen- und Halbleiterindustrie ermöglichen
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Costantini, Daniele. "Generation and amplification of surface plasmon polaritons at telecom wavelength with compact semiconductor-based devices." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112036/document.
Full textAbstract:
La plasmonique est un domaine de la nano-photonique qui étudie le comportement de la lumière à des échelles sub-longueurs d'ondes en présence de métaux. Les plasmons polaritons de surface (SPPs) sont des modes électromagnétiques qui se propagent à l'interface entre un diélectrique et un métal. Les SPPs trouvent des applications dans plusieurs domaines comme la communication et le traitement tout-optique du signal, la spectroscopie, la détection en biologie et en chimie. De nombreux composants plasmoniques (modulateurs, coupleurs, détecteurs ...) ont été démontrés ces dernières années. Cependant, leur l'intégration reste conditionnée par l'absence d'un générateur compact (pompage électrique, dimensions réduites) et par les grandes pertes ohmiques. Les techniques standards de génération de SPs nécessitent l'alignement d'un laser externe sur un prisme ou un réseau de diffraction afin d'adapter le vecteur d'onde incident avec celui du plasmon. L'approche que nous avons choisie est basée sur l'utilisation de lasers à semiconducteur ayant une polarisation transverse magnétique (TM) comme source d'excitation et de gain. Notre approche, permet d'obtenir des dispositifs compacts et facilement intégrables sur puce. Pendant ma thèse j'ai étudié expérimentalement et numériquement les performances d'un laser en fonction rapprochement du contact métallique à sa région active. La proximité du gain optique au métal est nécessaire pour la réalisation de dispositifs plasmoniques actifs. J'ai démontré la génération et l'amplification des plasmons de surface dans la bande télécom (λ=1.3µm), avec des dispositifs compacts, à base de semiconducteurs, fonctionnant par injection électrique et à température ambiante. Notamment, j'ai réalisé une architecture élégante, avec coupleur intégré, pour la génération de SPPs accessibles sur le sommet du dispositif. Un dispositif avec gaine superficielle ultrafine a permis de démontrer un mode hybride plasmonique avec une fraction consistante de champ électrique à l'interface métal/semiconducteur. Finalement, j'ai montrée que la structuration nanométrique du contact métallique réduit les pertes du mode laser. Les résultats sont renforcés par une nouvelle technique de imagerie de champ proche (SNOM) qui a permis de mesurer les SPPs à l'interface métal/or et à l'interface métal/ semiconducteur. Grâce aux mesures SNOM, il a aussi été possible de démontrer sans aucune ambiguïté l'effet de la structuration du métal sur le mode optiqueThe field of plasmonics is experiencing a rapid development, due to the interest in studying the behavior of light at the nanometer scale. Key ingredients of plasmonics are the surface plasmons (SPs), electromagnetic modes localized at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. SPs rely on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and conduction electrons at metallic interfaces or in "small" metallic nanostructures. The recent intense activity on plasmonics has been also enabled by state-of-the-art nano fabrication techniques and by high-sensitivity optical characterization techniques. These tools pave the way to promising applications (integration in electronics, chemical and biological detection...), which exploit the SP peculiarity of confining optical fields over sub-wavelength mode volumes. The number of publications concerning plasmonics has been continuously increasing over the last twenty years giving rise to a dynamic research context. Several plasmonic devices have been demonstrated during the last years (modulators, couplers, detectors ...). However their integration is limited by the absence of a compact generator (electrical pumping, small dimensions) and by the huge ohmic losses. Standard techniques for surface plasmon polariton (SPP) generation need an external alignment with a laser source on a prism or on a grating. Our approach is based on semiconductor lasers sources with a transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. Therefore, it is possible to obtain compact semiconductor devices suitable for the on chip integration. During my thesis I studied experimentally and numerically the performance of a diode laser as a function of the metal distance from its active region. The proximity of the gain to the metal is necessary to realize active plasmonic devices. I demonstrated the generation and the amplification of SPP in the telecom range (λ=1.3µm) with compact semiconductor based devices, operating at room temperature and by electrical injection. I realized an elegant architecture with an integrated coupler grating for the SPP generation. The SPPs are directly accessible at the device surface. An ultra-thin cladding device allowed the demonstration of a hybrid plasmonic laser with a consistent fraction of electric field at the metal/semiconductor interface. Finally I demonstrated that the metal patterning allows a loss reduction, decreasing the laser threshold. The results are strengthened by a new near-field technique (NSOM) which permitted to measure the SPPs at the metal/air interface and at the metal/semiconductor interface. Thanks to the NSOM we showed unambiguously the effect of the metal patterning on the optical mode
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Trogisch, Sven. "Optische Strukturierung ultradünner funktioneller Polymerfilme." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1052902805796-39177.
Full textAbstract:
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die Strukturierbarkeit ultradünner, funktioneller Polymerfilme anhand von Diazosulfonat-Terpolymer- und Aminoterpolymer-Schichten untersucht. Beide Polymersysteme enthalten eine photoaktive Gruppe in der Seitenkette, die sich durch gezielte UV-Bestrahlung verändern läßt. In den Diazosulfonat-Terpolymeren wird durch die Belichtung die Funktionalität zerstört, während bei den Aminoterpolymeren die Funktionalität durch die Belichtung erst freigelegt wird. Dafür wurden Strukturierungsmethoden für verschiedene Längenskalen erarbeitet und auf ihre Eignung geprüft. Der Nachweis der erfolgreichen Strukturierung wurde durch an die Längenskala angepaßte Methoden geführt und damit die erzeugten Strukturen sichtbar gemacht. Die Veränderungen im optischen Absorptionsverhalten konnten an makroskopischen Probenbereichen nachgewiesen werden. Sowohl der verwendete Aufbau für die Strukturierung (Belichtung) als auch die Detektion mit dem 2-Stahl-Spektrometer erwies sich als geeignet. Es konnte deutlich der Abbau der UV-Absorptionsbande der Diazosulfonat-Terpolymerfilme gezeigt und quantitativ untersucht werden. Dafür wurden Lichtdosen von etwa 0,35 ... 39 nJ/µm² eingebracht und deren Auswirkungen auf die Absorptionsänderung des Polymers direkt festgestellt. Diese Messungen zeigen, daß die eingebrachte Energie und nicht die Leistung (sofern diese unterhalb 2,5 mW liegt) entscheidend für die Modifikation der optischen Eigenschaften dieser Polymere ist. Anhand der Meßergebnisse konnte eine Abschätzung der Quantenausbeute durchgeführt werden, die für die Diazosulfonat-Terpolymerfilme einen Wert von (12 ± 6) % ergab. Auf der Mikrometer-Skala wurden unterschiedliche Ansätze verfolgt, um die optische Strukturierung nachzuweisen. Der Nachweis optischer Modifikationen der Diazosulfonat-Terpolymerfilme wurde nach Belichtung mit hohen Lichtdosen geführt, da er sich nur in diesem Energiebereich mit der erforderlichen Empfindlichkeit realisieren ließ. Für die Aminoterpolymerfilme wurden Strukturen durch Fluoreszenzmarkierung nachgewiesen, welche sich als sehr sensitiv herausstellte. Im Anschluß an die Belichtung konnten topographische Modifikationen mit dem AFM gemessen werden. Mit dem SNOM konnten diese Modifikationen bereits während der Belichtung direkt analysiert werden. Die getesteten Methoden der Raman-Spektroskopie und der Metallisierung mit anschließender Röntgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie zeigten weder die benötigte Sensitivität noch Selektivität. Die untersuchten Polymersysteme können in Form ultradünner Filme auf unterschiedliche Substrate aufgebracht werden. In diesen Polymerfilmen wurden Strukturen von der Millimeter-Skala bis Nanometer-Skala erzeugt. Anhand von an die Größenskala angepaßten direkten und indirekten Nachweismethoden konnten Veränderungen der optischen, mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Polymere analysiert werden.
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Ludemann, Michael. "In situ Raman-Spektroskopie an Metallphthalocyaninen: Von ultradünnen Schichten zum organischen Feldeffekttransistor." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-206568.
Full textAbstract:
Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden Signalverstärkungsmechanismen für Raman-Spektroskopie erschlossen und evaluiert. Die als geeignet bewerteten Methoden finden im zweiten Teil ihre Anwendung zur Untersuchung der vibronischen Eigenschaften von dünnen Manganphthalocyaninschichten, die anschließend mit Kalium interkaliert werden. Hierbei sind verschiedene Phasen identifizierbar, die ein ganzzahliges Verhältnis von Kaliumatomen zu Manganphthalocyaninmolekülen besitzen. Im dritten Teil werden die elektrischen Eigenschaften durch die Verwendung dieses Materialsystems als aktives Medium eines Feldeffekttransistors untersucht.