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Academic literature on the topic 'NRT1'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "NRT1"

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Zhang, Jingying, Zhijun Han, Yue Lu, Yanfei Zhao, Yaping Wang, Jiayue Zhang, Haoran Ma, and Yu Zhu Han. "Genome-wide identification, structural and gene expression analysis of the nitrate transporters (NRTs) family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): e0257383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257383.

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Nitrogen (N2) is the most important source of mineral N for plant growth, which was mainly transported by nitrate transporters (NRTs). However, little is known about the NRT gene family in potato. In this study, StNRT gene family members were identified in potato. In addition, we performed StNRT subfamily classification, gene structure and distribution analysis, and conserved domain prediction using various bioinformatics tools. Totally, 39 StNRT gene members were identified in potato genome, including 33, 4 and 2 member belong to NRT1, NRT2, and NRT3, respectively. These 39 StNRT genes were randomly distributed on all chromosomes. The collinearity results show that StNRT members in potato are closely related to Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum melongena. For the expression, different members of StNRT play different roles in leaves and roots. Especially under sufficient nitrogen conditions, different members have a clear distribution in different tissues. These results provide valuable information for identifying the members of the StNRT family in potato and could provide functional characterization of StNRT genes in further research.
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CRISCUOLO, GIUSEPPINA, VLADIMIR TOTEV VALKOV, AURORA PARLATI, LUDOVICO MARTIN ALVES, and MAURIZIO CHIURAZZI. "Molecular characterization of the Lotus japonicus NRT1(PTR) and NRT2 families." Plant, Cell & Environment 35, no. 9 (April 19, 2012): 1567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02510.x.

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Newstead, Simon, and Joanne Parker. "Crystal structure of the plant nitrate transporter NRT1.1." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408512x.

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Nitrogen uptake and assimilation is a key limiting factor for plant growth and crop productivity and also acts a major signaling molecule, controlling many aspects of plant development. Many plants obtain nitrogen through the uptake of nitrate from the soil via specific membrane transporters. Two families of nitrate transporter have been identified that act within the root cell, termed NRT1 and NRT2. NRT1 members are predominantly low affinity transporters, with KM values in the millimolar range, whereas NRT2 members are high affinity transporters, with KM values in the low micromolar range. Dual affinity transporter systems are used in biology to allow the cell to respond to changes in an external nutrient supply. In the case of nitrate transport in plants, decreasing levels of external nitrate cause an increase in the expression of NRT2 family transporter genes, in particular NRT2.1, allowing the cell to take up more of the available nitrate. However, plants have evolved a faster way of responding to nitrate levels involving post-translational control of nitrate uptake. NRT1.1 also known as CHL1, is a dual affinity nitrate transporter. In response to decreasing levels of nitrate, NRT1.1 is capable of switching between low and high KM modes, a switch achieved through the post-translational phosphorylation of an intracellular threonine. Here I will present our recently determined crystal structures of NRT1.1 in both the apo and nitrate bound forms. Together with in vitro binding and transport data we identify key residues involved in nitrate recognition and provide the first biochemical explanation for the phosphorylation controlled `dual affinity' switch observed in NRT1.1. Finally we present our model for the molecular basis of nitrate uptake via this transporter.
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Okamoto, Mamoru, J. John Vidmar, and Anthony D. M. Glass. "Regulation of NRT1 and NRT2 Gene Families of Arabidopsis thaliana: Responses to Nitrate Provision." Plant and Cell Physiology 44, no. 3 (March 15, 2003): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcg036.

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Guo, Tiancai, Hongmei Xuan, Yingying Yang, Lina Wang, Liting Wei, Yonghua Wang, and Guozhang Kang. "Transcription Analysis of Genes Encoding the Wheat Root Transporter NRT1 and NRT2 Families During Nitrogen Starvation." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 33, no. 4 (June 19, 2014): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-014-9435-z.

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Yokoyama, Terufumi, Norio Kodama, Hitoshi Aoshima, Hanae Izu, Kazunobu Matsushita, and Mamoru Yamada. "Cloning of a cDNA for a constitutive NRT1 transporter from soybean and comparison of gene expression of soybean NRT1 transporters." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1518, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00175-0.

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Swapnil, Prashant, Mukesh Meena, and Ashwani K. Rai. "Molecular interaction of nitrate transporter proteins with recombinant glycinebetaine results in efficient nitrate uptake in the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): e0257870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257870.

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Nitrate transport in cyanobacteria is mediated by ABC-transporter, which consists of a highly conserved ATP binding cassette (ABC) and a less conserved transmembrane domain (TMD). Under salt stress, recombinant glycinebetaine (GB) not only protected the rate of nitrate transport in transgenic Anabaena PCC 7120, rather stimulated the rate by interacting with the ABC-transporter proteins. In silico analyses revealed that nrtA protein consisted of 427 amino acids, the majority of which were hydrophobic and contained a Tat (twin-arginine translocation) signal profile of 34 amino acids (1–34). The nrtC subunit of 657 amino acids contained two hydrophobic distinct domains; the N-terminal (5–228 amino acids), which was 59% identical to nrtD (the ATP-binding subunit) and the C-terminal (268–591), 28.2% identical to nrtA, suggesting C-terminal as a solute binding domain and N-terminal as ATP binding domain. Subunit nrtD consisted of 277 amino acids and its N-terminal (21–254) was an ATP binding motif. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nitrate-ABC-transporter proteins are highly conserved among the cyanobacterial species, though variation existed in sequences resulting in several subclades. Nostoc PCC 7120 was very close to Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, Anabaena sp. 4–3 and Anabaena sp. CA = ATCC 33047. On the other, Nostoc spp. NIES-3756 and PCC 7524 were often found in the same subclade suggesting more work before referring it to Anabaena PCC 7120 or Nostoc PCC 7120. The molecular interaction of nitrate with nrtA was hydrophilic, while hydrophobic with nrtC and nrtD. GB interaction with nrtACD was hydrophobic and showed higher affinity compared to nitrate.
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Sandrock, David R., Anita N. Azarenko, Ruth M. Martin, and Nahla V. Bassil. "(271) Expression of the NRT1 Gene in Cornus and Rhododendron." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1020C—1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1020c.

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The NRT1gene family encodes transport proteins with dual or low affinity for nitrate. The objectives of this experiment were to develop a system that could be used to compare the expression of the NRT1genes between species. This was accomplished by comparing sequences of NRT1homologues from various species and designing degenerate primers in regions of high homology. These primers were used to amplify a region of the NRT1gene from species of interest. A 635 bp PCR product was amplified from each species using the MD2-1 (5' ATGTTACCAAYWTGGGCMAC-3') and MD2-2 (5'-GCCAMWARCCARTAGAAAT-3') primers. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. At the nucleotide level, CornussericeaL. `Kelseyi' and RhododendronL. `Unique' were 79.52% identical. Species-specific primers were designed and used for RT-PCR to compare NRT1expression in roots of hydroponically grown C. sericea, C. sericea `Kelseyi', and Rhododendron`Unique'. The relative levels of NRT1expression, normalized using 18S rRNA as a standard, were ≈3.2 to 1.7 to 1.0 for C. sericea, C. sericea `Kelseyi', and Rhododendron`Unique', respectively. This approach may eventually be used to examine nitrate uptake potential in different taxa of plants at different times during the growing season.
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Corratgé-Faillie, Claire, and Benoît Lacombe. "Substrate (un)specificity of Arabidopsis NRT1/PTR FAMILY (NPF) proteins." Journal of Experimental Botany 68, no. 12 (February 10, 2017): 3107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erw499.

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Belenky, Peter A., Tiberiu G. Moga, and Charles Brenner. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae YOR071CEncodes the High Affinity Nicotinamide Riboside Transporter Nrt1." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 13 (February 6, 2008): 8075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.c800021200.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "NRT1"

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Faure, Sandrine. "Étude de l'absorption du nitrate chez Brassica napus L. : évolution de l'activité des transporteurs et de la transcription des gènes NRT1 et NRT2 en réponse à une privation en NO 3, évaluation de leur rôle sur le cycle de culture." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2007.

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Le colza, espece phylogenetiquement proche d'arabidopsis thaliana et presentant des capacites d'absorption elevees, a ete choisi pour etudier le metabolisme azote des especes cultivees. Les etudes cinetiques revelent un profil d'absorption du nitrate biphasique, suggerant qu'il existe au moins 2 systemes d'absorption : un systeme saturable a forte affinite agissant pour des faibles concentrations externes en no 3 (hats), et un systeme non saturable a faible affinite intervenant pour les fortes concentrations (lats). Ces deux systemes seraient constitues chacun d'une composante constitutive (chats et clats) et d'une composante inductible (ihats et ilats). Le suivi de la transcription des genes nrt1 et nrt2 au cours d'une privation partielle ou totale en azote conforte l'hypothese selon laquelle le gene nrt2 code un systeme ihats alors que le gene nrt1 code un systeme ilats. Si dans nos conditions experimentales, l'existence d'un mecanisme de de-induction et/ou de repression par les acides amines libres pourrait expliquer la chute de la transcription des genes nrt1 et nrt2 pendant les 48 premieres heures de privation. Par contre aucun mecanisme de de-repression n'a pu etre mis en evidence. L'expression des genes nrt1 et nrt2 est regulee au niveau transcriptionnel par le no 3 externe et probablement par la demande en azote des parties aeriennes, mais aussi au niveau post-transcriptionnel. Nos resultats montrent que chez le colza, les pools racinaires en no 3 et en acides amines libres n'interviennent pas au niveau transcriptionnel. Nous avons initier un modele mecaniste de l'absorption du nitrate au cous d'un cycle de culture uniquement base sur l'offre en nitrate du sol et sur le fonctionnement des transporteurs. Les simulations realisees montrent que le systeme hats intervient pour 94% en l'absence de fertilisation et pour 82% lors d'un apport azote a l'automne. Une fertilisation azotee augmente la capacite et la duree d'intervention du systeme lats.
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Caillaud, Kevin. "Etude de l'impact du vieillissement sur les effets métaboliques et musculaires de la Neureguline 1." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20065/document.

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Lampropoulou, Anastasia Syrmalenia. "NRP1 regulation of endothelial cell signalling." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1574397/.

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Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane protein that is essential for blood vessel growth and the regulation of vascular barrier properties. Yet, at the time of starting my PhD research, it was poorly understood how NRP1 affects endothelial cell behaviour to enhance either blood vessel growth or modulate vascular permeability. In particular, it was controversial whether NRP1 mainly acts to promote VEGF signalling through the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR2, or if it has other roles that synergise with VEGFR2 pathways to promote effective tissue vascularisation or vascular permeability. The aims of this study were therefore to (a) investigate whether NRP1 modulates angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability together with or independently of VEGFR2, (b) determine whether NRP1 regulates gene transcription to modulate endothelial behaviour; (c) define the molecular mechanism by which NRP1 regulates angiogenesis and VEGF-induced vascular hyperpermeability. My experiments have revealed that NRP1 promotes blood vessel growth both independently of, and synergistically with, VEGFR2-driven pathways. In particular, I found that VEGFR2-independent signalling involves the intracellular signal transducers CDC42 and ABL1 kinase, which promote actin remodelling during cell migration. Instead, my experiments have revealed that NRP1 promotes VEGF-induced vascular permeability in a complex with VEGFR2. Specifically, I found that that both NRP1 and VEGFR2 are required for the VEGF induced activation of SRC family kinases (SFKs), which are known to be essential for VEGF-induced vascular permeability signalling. Moreover, I found that NRP1 is important, because it is required for ABL1 activation, which in turn is essential for SFK activation in this pathway. Finally, I observed that NRP1 regulates several transcription factors and the expression of their target genes in endothelial cells, particularly genes involved in actin remodelling and cell proliferation. Together, this knowledge increases our understanding of the mechanisms of blood vessel formation and function. By identifying molecular pathways in blood vessel growth and permeability, these findings may, in the long run, benefit translational research aimed at developing novel therapies for diseases with vascular dysfunction.
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Mirza, Nazzia Nosheen. "Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7892/.

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Previous studies identified a distinct region of interstital deletion at c8p12 locus in colorectal cancer. Deletions at c8p12 were more frequent in early than advanced colorectal tumours. Further studies defined more closely this interstitial deletion, implicating a cluster of genes close to marker D85259 in early colorectal tumours. Although interstitial deletions normally correspond to tumour suppressor genes, the above findings suggest that this region contains genes with tumour suppressive and oncogenic effects. We investigated NRG1, one of the genes in this region in colorectal tumourigenesis. To determine the expression profile of NRG1 , multiple approaches were utilised. Results from these studies identified deletion (loss of one allele) of \(NRG1\) in early colorectal tumours. Increased expression of NRG1 protein was identified in advanced tumours compared to early colorectal tumours and adenomas. A significant correlation between NRG1 protein expression and erb82 protein overexpression was identified. Although the range of NRG1 isoforms expressed was qualitatively similar throughout tumour progression, semi-quantitative real-time RT -PCR, showed overall decreased expression in early tumours compared with normal tissue. In advanced cancers, the results were more heterogeneous, but no consistent pattern emerged between the cases investigated. Although these studies did not demonstrate any functional relationship, the data strengthens the candidacy of a role for NRG1 in colorectal tumour progression.
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Wu, Suquin, and s3102813@student rmit edu au. "Performance of regional atmospheric error models for NRTK in GPSnet and the implementation of a NRTK system." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091014.144831.

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Many high-accuracy regional GPS continuously operating reference (CORS) networks have been established globally. These networks are used to facilitate better positioning services, such as high accuracy real-time positioning. GPSnet is the first state-wide CORS network in Australia. In order to maximize the benefits of the expensive CORS geospatial infrastructure, the state of Victoria in collaboration with three universities (RMIT University, the University of NSW and the University of Melbourne) embarked on research into regional atmospheric error modelling for Network-based RTK (NRTK) via an Australian Research Council project in early 2005. The core of the NRTK technique is the modelling of the spatially-correlated errors. The accuracy of the regional error model is a determining factor for the performance of NRTK positioning. In this research, a number of error models are examined and comprehensively analysed. Among them, the following three models are tested: 1) the Linear Interpolation Method (LIM); 2) the Distance-Based interpolation method (DIM); and 3) the Low-order surface model (LSM). The accuracy of the three models is evaluated using three different observation sessions and a variety of network configurations of GPSnet. Results show that the LIM and DIM can be used to significantly reduce the double-differenced (DD) residuals (up to 60% improvement), and the LIM is slightly better than the DIM (most at mm level). However the DD residuals with the LSM corrections are, in some cases, not only much worse than that of the LIM and DIM but also even must greater/worse than the DD residuals without any corrections applied at all. This indicates that there are no advantages by using the LSM for the error modelling for NRTK in GPSnet, even though it is the most commonly used method by researchers. The performance difference of the LIM for different GPSnet configurations is also tested. Results show that in most cases, the performance difference mainly caused by the number of reference stations used is not significant. This implies that more redundant reference stations may not contribute much to the accuracy improvement of the LIM. However, it may mitigate the station specific errors (if any). The magnitude of the temporal variations of both the tropospheric and ionospheric effects in GPSnet observations is also investigated. Test results suggest that the frequency of generating and transmitting the tropospheric corrections should not be significantly different from that for the ionospehric corrections. Thus 1Hz frequency (i.e. once every second) is recommended for the generation and transmission for both types of the atmospheric corrections for NRTK in GPSnet. The algorithms of the NRTK software package used are examined and extensive analyses are conducted. The performance and limitation of the NRTK system in terms of network ambiguity resolution are assessed. The methodology for generating virtual reference station (VRS) observations in the system is presented. The validation of the algorithms for the generated VRS observations is undertaken. It is expected that this research is significant for both the selection of regional error models and the implementation of the NRTK technique in GPSnet or in the Victorian region.
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Setiawan, Careza [Verfasser], and Moritz [Akademischer Betreuer] Rossner. "NRG1 cleavage assay and small molecule screen for modulators of NRG1 processing / Careza Setiawan ; Betreuer: Moritz Rossner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168145848/34.

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Werling, Kristoffer, and Andreas Höglund. "Jämförelse av mätosäkerhet i höjd över tid med NRTK : Undersökning av tidsvariationer för GNSS-höjder inmätta med NRTK." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85239.

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) i kombination med Nätverks-RTK (NRTK) har idag blivit en vanlig metod för geodetiska inmätningar i plan och höjd. Inmätningar med NRTK har fördelen att de är relativt enkel att använda, ger koordinater i realtid och med låg mätosäkerhet (2–3 cm). Dock har användare rapporterat om att större avvikelser i höjd är vanligare än avvikelser i plan, vilka varierar över tid. Tidigare studier har inte funnit samband mellan avvikelser i höjd med NRTK och variationen över tid.  Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur resultatet av inmätta höjder med NRTK varierar över tid och vad som påverkar avvikelsen i höjd samt om det går att finna ett samband för avvikelserna.   I studien användes en GNSS-mottagare med NRTK för att på två stompunkter insamla mätdata en gång i minuten i tre timmar på varje punkt, under totalt två dagar. Mätdata som lagrades och analyserades var antal satelliter, PDOP, vertikal precision, och tidpunkt för inmätt höjd och höjdvärde. Under fältarbetet användes också två olika elevationsvinklar, 10 och 15 grader, för att se hur mätosäkerheten påverkades. Vidare utfördes en dubbelavvägning mellan stompunkterna som en kontroll av de angivna höjdkoordinaterna. Resultatet visar att variationen för enskild inmätt höjd är slumpmässig. En undersökning av PDOP, antal satelliter, horisontell och vertikal precision gav inga korrelationer till mätresultatet. Standardosäkerheten i höjd för mätserie på punkt 8316 med 10° elevationsvinkel beräknades till 1,2 cm och med en förändring till 15° elevationsvinkel 1,6 cm. På punkt 8318 med 10° elevationsvinkel beräknades 2,6 cm och med 15° elevationsvinkel 3,4 cm.  Analysen av mätdata förtydligar att behov finns för att öka tillförlitligheten vid GNSS-mätning med NRTK. Standardosäkerheten överskrider angiven mätosäkerhet för metoden, vid mätning på 8318 med 15° elevationsvinkel. Med elevationsvinkel 10° uppnås inte 68 % av mätningarna inom sigmanivå 2, och drygt 13 % återfinns inom sigmanivå 2–3. Vid en beräkning av standardosäkerhet, med medeltals-bildning, erhölls markanta förbättringar på punkt 8316 för båda mätserierna upp till 20 min medan det följande ger avtagande förbättringar. På punkt 8318 erhölls ständiga förbättringar kontinuerligt till 60 min vilket var den högsta gränsen som undersöktes. Differens mellan högsta och lägsta avvikelse för inmätt höjd, jämfört med känd höjd, beräknades till 9,2 cm för punkt 8316 med 15° elevation och 6,9 cm med 10°. Motsvarande för punkt 8318 med 15° beräknades avvikelsen till 16,5 cm och 12,3 cm för 10°. För GNSS-användare behövs insikt i att enskilda mätningar, med lågt angivna värden i handenheten, inte säkerställer goda mätresultat. Flera mätningar under kort tid kan ge mycket låg standardosäkerhet, men en timme senare kan samma låga standard-osäkerhet för nya mätningar fortfarande representera en avvikande inmätt höjd. Medeltalsbildning, tidsseparation och en lämplig elevationsvinkel är sannolikt krav för att tillförlitligt kunna säkerställa att metoden uppnår 2–3 cm mätosäkerhet i höjd för 68 % av mätningarna.
The usage of GNSS is becoming increasingly more common due to its efficiency and time saving capacities. Network-RTK is a method that uses relative positioning and is supposed to deliver measurements with a positional accuracy of about 2-3 cm for plane and height. Previous research shows variety in measuring results using NRTK at different times or days, but the focus was on other aspects than time itself. This study focused on time and its impact on GNSS-derived heights, linked to used methods for practical use of GNSS, and these results were meant to create guidelines or routines for increased reliability in measuring data if it exceeded the positional accuracy. Measurment data were gathered at two vertical control points during three hours each, on two separate days, with data being collected at a one-minute interval. The findings of this study show that the variety over time is random, and that there are no standard settings or routines that guarantee reliability for the method to deliver commonly stated positional accuracies. Although, we found that certain steps for improving measurements are time-separating, averaged measurements for at least twenty minutes, and a good understanding of how to set an appropriate elevation mask.
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Brash, James Thomas. "VEGF isoforms and NRP1 in vascular hyperpermeability." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10058912/.

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The cardiovascular system serves to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body whilst simultaneously removing waste products. Blood vessels display a degree of basal permeability to achieve this function, which is regulated at the level of the endothelial monolayer. In response to certain stimuli, the integrity of the endothelial barrier is reduced, rendering blood vessels hyperpermeable. Best known as a potent inducer of angiogenesis, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally identified as a vascular permeability factor. In certain diseases, such as those characterised by ischemia, VEGF upregulation causes vascular hyperpermeability and pathological oedema. VEGF exists in three major isoforms, termed VEGF120, VEGF164 and VEGF188, which variably engage one or more of several VEGF receptors, termed VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and NRP1. A better understanding of the how the different VEGF isoforms engage their receptors and downstream signalling pathways to promote vascular hyperpermeability may help refine current therapeutic strategies to target VEGF-induced oedema. In this volume of work, I have studied VEGF induced vascular hyperpermeability from several perspectives. Using an in vivo model of vascular hyperpermeability, I have compared VEGF isoform potency and investigated which receptors are required by different VEGF isoforms to promote vascular leakage. Using tissue culture models of vascular endothelium coupled with biochemical techniques, I have determined how VEGF isoforms and their receptors affect known hyperpermeability signal transduction pathways. Specifically, I have shown that NRP1 and its cytoplasmic domain (NCD) impact two VEGF hyperpermeability signalling axes, and that the NCD interacts with proteins previously linked to endothelial tight junctions and paracellular permeability. Finally, I have examined the expression of VEGF isoforms in several disease models that are characterised by vascular hyperpermeability.
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Huang, H. E. "Chromosome aberrations targeting the NRG1 gene in cancer." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604700.

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Thirty-four breast and nine pancreatic cancer cell lines were surveyed for alterations of the NRG1 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A recent chromosome translocation breakpoint that targets the NRG1 gene was found in five breast and two pancreatic lines. High-resolution mapping by two-colour FISH showed that the breakpoints were clustered in a 1.1 Mb interval within NRG1. RT-PCR showed an extensive complexity of NRG1 transcripts in the translocation-positive lines, suggesting that expression of the ligand is a consequence of these structural arrangements. This study was extended to primary tumour material to confirm the presence and prevalence of NRG1 translocation in uncultured cancer cells. I designed a FISH strategy (using a custom FISH probe-the Neuprobe), which was used in a high-throughput manner on archival paraffin embedded material in the form of tissue microarrays (TMAs).A survey of 339 primary breast carcinomas identified a disruption targeting NRG1 in approximately 6% of all cases examined. The common abnormality seen was a deletion in the 5’ end of the gene, often accompanied by amplification of the 3’ end. Genomic alteration of NRG1 was associated with ectopic expression of NRG1 α and β isoforms. Fine mapping confirmed that these breakpoints cluster within the same region seen in cell lines. These results were independently validated by array-based CGH, using a custom made array with overlapping BACS spanning 8p12. NRG1 translocation was associated with high-grade tumours, low HER2 expression, and high expression levels of FGFR1, TACC (both in close genomic proximity to NRG1). A further survey of 242 primary ovarian tumours identified the same abnormality in 10% of tumours.
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Zhao, Zhe. "Transcription regulation of Nrp1 during endothelial cell differentiation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a76152dd-72f0-450c-aad2-d0db732f2e6d.

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Various diseases, including cancer, stroke and heart attack, are associated with disruption of the vascular system. However, lack of a profound understanding of the transcription regulation during vascular development hinders the formation of effective molecular intervention strategies targeting angiogenesis. Here we describe an enhancer of Neuropilin1 (Nrp1) from the second intron of the gene that directs arterial and coronary endothelial cell-specific expression. Mice transgenic for either human or mouse sequences of the Nrp1in2 enhancers drove expression of the LacZ reporter gene specifically in the endothelial cells within the arterial compartment from early in development, while no expression was detected in veins. In addition, the hNrp1in2 enhancer directed expression to the endothelial cells in the developing coronary vasculature, with the initial expansion from around the sinus venosus at E11.5, and eventually contributed to the capillary, venous and arterial compartments of the coronary vessels but not the endocardium. This expression pattern is consistent with that reported in the Apelin-nlacZ line (Red-Horse et al., 2010), making the Nrp1 enhancer the first identified mammalian regulating enhancer of the coronary endothelial cell. Phylogenetic footprinting, and a tissue culture reporter assay suggested that this enhancer contains a 184bp minimal core region hNrp1in2peakA2 that recapitulates the expression profile of the full length enhancer. hNrp1in2peakA2 has conserved and in vitro validated recognition sites for Gata, Ets, and Fox. The validated Fox and Ets sites form a functional FOX:ETS motif, and the FOX:ETS motif is responsible for synergistic activation ofthe enhancer by FoxC2 and Etv2 in reporter assays. Mutation introduction to the functional Ets sites or compound ablation of the Gata and Fox site in hNrp1in2peakA2 result in total loss of vascular expression, in terms of both arterial and coronary expression. The Fox, Ets and Gata recognition sites may be sufficient to achieve arterial- and coronary- specific expression of the hNrp1in2peakA2.
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Books on the topic "NRT1"

1

Salkind, Lou. Changes in NRTX. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1987.

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Salkind, Lou. Changes in NRTX. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1987.

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L, Smith David. Results of statewide TerraNova NRT examinations, October 1997. Carson City, Nevada: Nevada Dept. of Education, Standards, Curricula and Assessments, 1998.

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Vij, Shilpa. Differential phosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor following hypoxia-ischemia in 7-and 21-day old rat brains. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Genootschap, Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig, ed. Airports as cityports in the city-region: Spatial-economic and institutional positions and institutional learning in Randstad-Schiphol (AMS), Frankfurt Rhein-Main (FRA), Tokyo Haneda (HND) and Narita (NRT). Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 2007.

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Wijk, Michel van. Airports as cityports in the city-region: Spatial-economic and institutional positions and institutional learning in Randstad-Schiphol (AMS), Frankfurt Rhein-Main (FRA), Tokyo Haneda (HND) and Narita (NRT). Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2005.

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Medina, Joseph. Models NRT. Magia Books, 2018.

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Benge, David P. NRM1 Cost Management Handbook. CRC Press LLC, 2014.

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NRM1 Cost Management Handbook. Routledge, 2014.

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Benge, David P. NRM1 Cost Management Handbook. CRC Press LLC, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "NRT1"

1

Faure, S., E. Le Deunff, P. Lainé, J. H. Macduff, and A. Ourry. "Effects of N deprivation and nitrate pulses on NRT1 and NRT2 transcript levels and nitrate influx rate in Brassica napus L." In Plant Nutrition, 210–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_101.

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Chang, Minoa, and Ben K. Lim. "Norm-Referenced Test (NRT)." In Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology, 688–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71799-9_291.

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Taylor, J. G., and F. N. Alavi. "Learning and the Thalamic-NRT-Cortex System." In ICANN ’94, 150–53. London: Springer London, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2097-1_35.

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Simonin, Jean-Pierre. "Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Solutions - MSA and NRTL Models." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 2073–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_500.

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Tachedjian, Gilda, and Nicolas Sluis-Cremer. "Role of RNase H Activity in NRTI/NNRTI Drug Resistance." In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase, 281–303. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7291-9_13.

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Burfoot, Annette, and Derya Güngör. "Reproductive rights and reproductive justice in the face of NRTs." In Women and Reproductive Technologies, 117–33. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429467646-8.

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Rockstroh, J. K. "Antiretrovirale Therapie (ART) mit nukleosidalen reverse Transkriptaseinhibitoren (NRT)." In HIV-Infekt, 207–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59683-4_35.

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Porrua, Odil. "Purification and In Vitro Analysis of the Exosome Cofactors Nrd1-Nab3 and Trf4-Air2." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 277–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9822-7_14.

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Aslanidis, N., and C. Kotsakis. "Evaluation of NRTK-Based Heighting Techniques from Different Continuously Operating GNSS Reference Networks in Greece." In International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2016, 193–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2017_21.

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Wickert, Jens. "Near-Real-Time Provision and Usage of Global Atmospheric Data from CHAMP and GRACE (NRT-RO): Motivation and Introduction." In Advanced Technologies in Earth Sciences, 429–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10228-8_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "NRT1"

1

Karunarathne, Sumudu, Jeanette Larsen, and Lars Erik Øi. "Mathematical Models for Physicochemical Properties of Different Amine-based Solvents in Post combustion CO2 Capture." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192021.

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In order to reduce global CO2 emissions, CO2 capture based on absorption in an amine/water mixture is an established method. To develop such processes, correct physicochemical properties like densities and viscosities are important.The first objective of this work is to explore mathematical correlations for fitting viscosity data for aqueous Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). A second objective is to evaluate the prediction of viscosity based on parameters independent of viscosity measurements.13 developed correlations have been evaluated by comparing the maximum deviation of fitted models to the measured property, and by determining the average absolute relative deviation (AARD%). Python 3.6, MATLAB R2020b and Excel were used as the tools for regression.The results indicated that viscosity for aqueous amines was better correlated by Eyring’s viscosity model based on NRTL (Non-Random-Two Liquid model) rather than a Redlich-Kister correlation. The achieved AARD% of aqueous MEA were 2.39 for Redlich-Kister, 1.87 for Eyring-NRTL and 1.88 for the segment-based Eyring-NRTL model. The same trend was achieved for aqueous MDEA with AARD% of 3.04, 2.23 and 1.88 for different approaches.The possibility of using data from vapor/liquid equilibrium parameters to predict viscosity in MEA/water and MDEA/water was evaluated. Using parameters in the equilibrium model NRTL from the simulation program Aspen HYSYS in a model from Karunarathne indicated that it is possible to predict viscosity reasonably well without experimental viscosity data.
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Wu, Jia-Long, Yu-Jen Lin, Shan-Fu Wu, Ying-Ting Lin, Young-Sun Lin, and Chien-Fu Huang. "Repression of Nrf1-Mediated Transactivation by MCRS2." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.99.

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Matsuzono, Kazuhisa, and Hitoshi Asaeda. "NRTS: Content name-based real-time streaming." In 2016 13th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2016.7444837.

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Chardès, Thierry, Olivier Dubreuil, André Pèlegrin, Jean-François Prost, and Jean-Marc Barret. "Abstract 3362: 9F7-F11, a non-competing anti-HER3 antibody with allosteric potentiation by NRG1, eradicatesin vivotumors with NRG1 fusion and offers new perspectives for treating NRG1-dependent tumors." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3362.

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Dong Hoi Kim, Hyo Su Kim, and Doo Won Lee. "Packet scheduling algorithm for NRT service in wireless system supporting integrated services of RT and NRT applications." In 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscit.2007.4392070.

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Hong, Seung-Beom, Mirim Hong, Tae-Eun Kim, Ju Yeon Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jeongin Cho, Bongseok Shin, and Donggoo Bae. "Abstract 3042: Anti-cancer efficacy of an anti-ErbB3 antibody, ISU104, against the cancers with NRG1-overexpression, NRG1-fusion, or oncogenic ErbB3 mutations." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3042.

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Lin, Wen-Chieh, and Yanxi Liu. "NRT-based texture replacement in real videos." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1187112.1187272.

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Olaya, María del Mar, Paloma Carbonell-Hermida, Marina Trives, Juan A. Labarta, and Antonio Marcilla. "NRTL Model for UCST, LCST and Closed-loop LLE Behaviour." In 14th Mediterranean Congress of Chemical Engineering (MeCCE14). Grupo Pacífico, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48158/mecce-14.dg.07.01.

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Kreinberg, Wolfgang. "Manufacturers Laboratories, - Possibilities in CB Scheme, NRTL, GS Marking etc." In 2007 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pses.2007.4378476.

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Bhawe, Kaumudi, Jayanta Das, Changwon Yoo, and Deodutta Roy. "Abstract 1127: Role of NRF1 regulatory gene-networks in glioblastoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1127.

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Reports on the topic "NRT1"

1

Kelley, Christopher Lee, and Brian Thomas Naughton. NRT Design Verification Test Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1489535.

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Fairchild, Sara, Ryan Beach, Lindsay Proell, and Scott Hughes. Sandia NRT Blade-0 Laboratory Modal Survey. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825235.

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Fairchild, Sara, Ryan Beach, Lindsay Proell, and Scott Hughes. Sandia NRT Blade-0 Laboratory Modal Survey. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825235.

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Ennis, Brandon Lee, and Joshua A. Paquette. NRT Rotor Structural / Aeroelastic Analysis for the Preliminary Design Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225852.

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Schindler, R. E. Physical property parameter set for modeling ICPP aqueous wastes with ASPEN electrolyte NRTL model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/379055.

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J. W. Sterbentz and D. L. Chichester. Further Evaluation of the Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) Technique for Assaying Plutonium in Spent Fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033902.

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Marcus Hilliard. THERMODYNAMICS OF AQUEOUS PIPERAZINE/POTASSIUM CARBONATE/CARBON DIOXIDE CHARACTERIZED BY THE ELECTROLYTE NRTL MODEL WITHIN ASPEN PLUS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838130.

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J. W. Sterbentz and D. L. Chichester. Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA): A Nondestructive Assay Technique for the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative?s Plutonium Assay Challenge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1017869.

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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.

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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.
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Moxham-Hall, Vivienne, Anton du Toit, and Deshanie Rawlings. Clinical interventions for e-cigarette cessation in young people: an Evidence Snapshot brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health. The Sax Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/fyfv7482.

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Key messages • We found that there are limited studies analysing the effectiveness of e-cigarette cessation interventions in a clinical setting and of those that do exist the sample sizes are small, and the studies are underpowered to make any confident assessment of their effectiveness. • Clinical interventions appropriate for young people included nonpharmacologic interventions such as contingency management and behavioural counselling while NRT may be an effective pharmacologic intervention. • There was limited evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of behavioural counselling as a stand-alone cessation strategy, but it may be effective in conjunction with other approaches. • Emerging evidence suggests that digital cessation interventions (i.e. text message or app-based delivery) may be the preferred mode of delivery for young people, however, their effectiveness in maintaining abstinence is yet to be confirmed. • Evidence suggests there is a need to quantify and create a consistent measure of nicotine intake to appropriately inform clinical treatment decisions. • Studies are generally very low quality, and it is not possible nor is it appropriate to make any definitive conclusions.
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