Relevant bibliographies by topics / NPD

Academic literature on the topic 'NPD'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "NPD"

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Lin, Li, Gang Guo, Xian Sheng Ran, and Tian Hong Luo. "Customers Involved Digital NPD Method Based on Integrated CAX Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 159 (March 2012): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.159.88.

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A customer involved digital NPD method is addressed. This study extends new product development (NPD) to a new field; Customer Involved Digital New Product Development Method addressed in this paper is based on integrated application of customer interaction, customer needs elicitation, CAD, CAM, CAE technology. It makes RD process more quickly and more effectively compared with the traditional NPD method. This study finds that the more effort on pre-NDP process, the less likely it might encounter risk of failure. Thus, a better NPD performance can be achieved by customer involved digital NPD method (CIDNPD). A case study of scooter NDP is used to illustrate the new method. We believe that the proposed methodology will have a positive impact on the future new product development.
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Lin, Li, Tian Hong Luo, and Xian Sheng Ran. "Customer Requirements Driving NPD Method Based on Integrated CAX Technology." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1728.

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A customer requirements driving NPD method is addressed. This study proposes a new method to elicit customers’ requirement, through which NPD team acquire product attributes and quality functional deployment. Customer requirements driving New Product Development Method addressed in this paper is based on integrated application of customer requirements elicitation, CAD, CAM, CAE technology. It makes STP strategy of NPD become more quickly and more effectively compared with the traditional method. This study finds that precise customer requirement elicitation contribute to NPD’ success, a better NPD performance can be achieved by customer requirements driving NPD method (CRDNPD). A case study of All Terrain Vehicle NDP is used to illustrate the new method. We believe that the proposed methodology will have a positive impact on the future new product development.
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FRISHAMMAR, JOHAN, and HÅKAN YLINENPÄÄ. "MANAGING INFORMATION IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW, RESEARCH PROPOSITIONS AND TENTATIVE MODEL." International Journal of Innovation Management 11, no. 04 (December 2007): 441–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919607001825.

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Many studies in new product development (NPD) single out the use of information (especially market information) as a key predictor of NPD performance, but knowledge is lacking about what type of information is needed in each phase of the NDP process to enable high NPD performance. Based on a literature review and a pilot case study, this article increases the understanding of managing information in NPD. It is argued that the capability of managing information consists of three components: acquiring, sharing, and using information. By focusing on three different phases of the NPD process, 11 propositions regarding which information, information sources and means of cross-functional integration patterns that are most important to high NPD performance have been derived in each respective phase. In addition, the article also discusses antecedents and consequences of managing information. The article concludes with implications for managers, identifies limitations and proposes an agenda for further research into this area.
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Awwad, Abdulkareem, and Dr Mamoun N. Akroush. "New product development performance success measures: an exploratory research." EuroMed Journal of Business 11, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 2–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-12-2014-0043.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the NPD performance success measures that manufacturing organisations use to assess the success of their new products. Design/methodology/approach – Based on relevant literature review and in-depth interviews, a structured questionnaire was developed as a primary data collection method. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 558 manufacturing organisations in Jordan, out of which 355 were returned and valid for the analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to reveal NPD performance success measures dimensions. Findings – This study empirically showed that manufacturing organisations in Jordan use a multidimensional construct for NPD performance success measures to assess the success of their new products. The multidimensional construct consists of NPD financial performance, NPD internal learning, NPD capabilities improvement, NPD knowledge sharing and NPD marketing performance. The findings indicate that NPD financial performance is still the dominant dimension amongst the manufacturing organisations while measuring NDP performance. Also, the study has developed an inductive model of NPD performance success measures which shows the construct’s dimensions complexity. Research limitations/implications – The fact that the paper is a single country study focusing on the manufacturing industry limits its generalisation to other industries/contexts. The paper’s focus on manufacturing organisations limits its contribution to the manufacturing sector. The services sector is a rich field for NPD performance success measures, in addition to being an important contributor to the economy of most, if not all, countries. Further, the paper focuses on only five dimensions of NPD performance success measures, other dimensions of NPD performance success measures might add more insights to their effect on NPD performance success measures. Practical implications – Utilising the findings of this study can help managers make sense of NPD success and failure and plan the NPD strategy and activities across a range of differing situations. The major contribution of this study is increasing the ability of managers to improve their skills and capabilities and focus on the dimensions of NPD success in the best way that enables them to respond effectively to uncertainty caused by changes in the product life cycle which in turn might affect the performance of NPD. The findings urge managers to deal with NPD as a complex process that should be integrated within corporate, business and functional strategies of the firm. Originality/value – The originality of this paper stems from its multidimensional construct of NPD performance success measures as well as in developing an inductive model that shows the complexity of NPD performance dimensions that can be used for assessing the success of new products. The study also has its originality since it is the first empirical work conducted on the manufacturing sector in an emerging market business environment, Jordan.
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Wang, Jie, and Jie Chen. "Study on the Alignment of New Product Development and Supply Chain." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.556.

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Based on the review of related literature about the alignment of new product development (NPD) and supply chain (SC), the related decision variables of NPD and SC are summarized. In order to explore the alignment relationship between NDP and SC, we propose a study framework and the some relationship assumptions. Taking use of questionnaire investigation and Structural Equation Modeling, the relevant assumptions are verified and the mechanism and strategy of the alignment of NPD and SC are explored for Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The research result shows that the modularity and variety of NPD have close relationship with the complexity of supply chain configuration, collaboration and coordination. And the degree of the alignment has an important influence on the supply chain performance of the end product. The relevant conclusions would provide some theoretical reference and practical guidance on the decision of aligning the NPD with SC.
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Akroush, Mamoun N., and Abdulkareem Salameh Awwad. "Enablers of NPD financial performance." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-08-2016-0122.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine new product development (NPD) financial performance enablers through examining the roles of NPD capabilities improvement, NPD knowledge sharing and NPD internal learning in manufacturing organisations in Jordan. Design/methodology/approach Based on relevant literature review on NPD performance, a structured questionnaire was developed to collect data related to NPD performance measures. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 558 manufacturing organisations in Jordan, out of which 355 were returned and valid for the analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to reveal NPD performance success dimensions that manufacturing organisations use to assess NPD performance success. Then, path analysis was employed to examine the research model and test its hypotheses. Findings The study’s findings reveal that manufacturing organisations use a multidimensional construct for assessing NPD performance success, which consists of NPD financial performance, NPD internal learning, NPD capabilities improvement, NPD knowledge sharing, and NPD marketing performance. NPD capabilities improvement exerted a positive and significant effect on each of NPD internal learning, NPD knowledge sharing, and NPD marketing performance, respectively. NPD knowledge sharing exerted a positive and significant effect on each of NPD internal learning NPD marketing performance. Each of NPD internal learning and NPD marketing performance exerted a positive and significant effect on NPD financial performance. The structural findings also indicate that 38.1 per cent (R2 is 0.381) of NPD financial performance is explained by the path of NPD capabilities improvement, NPD knowledge sharing and NPD marketing performance, which is the strongest path in the empirical model. Research limitations/implications The paper’s focus on manufacturing organisations limits its contribution to the manufacturing sector only. The services sector is a rich field for understanding NPD financial performance enablers in various service industries. Further, the paper focusses on only five dimensions of NPD performance success, other dimensions of NPD performance success might add more insights to their effect on NPD performance success measures especially their effect on organisational performance. Practical implications The findings of this study provide managers of manufacturing organisations with empirical insights related to the multidimensionality of NPD and their complex relationships to enhance NPD financial performance. The empirical findings assist managers to assess their NPD strategies, processes and implementation based on a results-oriented approach. The major contribution of the study is identifying the strongest paths of NPD financial performance enablers which reveals the complexity and criticality of NPD capabilities improvement, NPD knowledge sharing and NPD marketing performance on NPD financial performance. The rationale is NPD financial performance is still the most important NPD performance success dimension amongst manufacturing organisations. Originality/value The originality of this paper stems from developing and testing a multidimensional model of NPD financial performance enablers for the first time in emerging markets, Jordan. NPD financial performance is a function of other areas of NPD performance dimensions, namely; NPD capabilities improvement, NPD knowledge sharing and NPD marketing performance. This empirical evidence is provided to managers for the first time by this study.
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Lopes, Laiane Antunes, Paula Kern Novelli, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente, Paulo Waldir Tardioli, and Raquel Lima Camargo Giordano. "Glyoxyl-Activated Agarose as Support for Covalently Link Novo-Pro D: Biocatalysts Performance in the Hydrolysis of Casein." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050466.

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This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a commercial protease (Novo-Pro D (NPD)), both in soluble and immobilized forms, in the hydrolysis of proteins (using casein as model protein). Immobilization of the protease NPD on 6% agarose activated with glyoxyl groups for 24 h at 20 °C and pH 10.0 allowed preparing immobilized biocatalyst with around 90% immobilization yield, 92% recovered activity versus small substrate, and a thermal stability 5.3-fold higher than the dialyzed soluble enzyme at 50 °C and pH 8.0. Immobilization times longer than 24 h lead to a decrease in the recovered activity and did not improve the biocatalyst stability. At 50 °C and pH 6.5, the immobilized NPD was around 20-fold more stable than the dialyzed soluble protease. Versus casein, the immobilized NDP presented a 10% level of activity, but it allowed hydrolyzing casein (26 g/L) at 50 °C and pH 6.5 up to a 40% degree of hydrolysis (DH) after 2 h reaction, while under the same conditions, only a 34% DH was achieved with soluble NPD. In addition, the immobilized NPD showed good reusability, maintaining the DH of casein for at least ten 2h-reaction batches.
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Drife, J. O. "NPD blues." BMJ 317, no. 7157 (August 22, 1998): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7157.546.

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Vinayak, Kalluri, and Rambabu Kodali. "The relationship between NPD innovation and NPD performance: the moderating role of NPD best practices in Indian manufacturing industry." Measuring Business Excellence 18, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-03-2013-0017.

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Purpose – The purpose of the study is to study the relation between new product development (NPD) innovation and NPD best practices in an organization with respect to NPD performance in the backdrop of Indian manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach – Performance indices are developed based on NPD innovation and NPD best practices in an organization. Based on the developed performance indices, a cluster typology or classification of surveyed organizations is conducted. Different hypotheses are generated and tested to chet1ck the relation between NPD best practices and NPD innovation in an organization with respect to NPD performance in the Indian manufacturing industry. Findings – The following results were obtained: there is a positive effect on NPD performance for those organizations that strongly implement NPD best practices; the stronger the NPD innovation, the higher the NPD performance; and stronger organizations' ability for NPD innovation has positive relationship with NPD best practices. Hence, it is proven that, “the stronger the NPD innovation in an organization, with defined NPD best practices, the better the NPD performance”. Originality/value – According to the author’s knowledge, no study is reported in literature which addresses the effect of NPD best practices and NPD innovation in an organization with respect to performance in the Indian manufacturing industry.
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Chaochotechuang, Preecha, Farhad Daneshgar, and Stavros Sindakis. "Innovation Strategies of New Product Development (NPD)." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 6, no. 2 (April 2015): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.2015040104.

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Current literature indicates a high rate of New Product Development (NDP) failure. Many believe that the main reason behind such failures is the way the NPD process is managed. This includes a lack of clear project definition, too much focus on internal processes and procedures ignoring customer needs and requirements, lack of communication and knowledge transfer among various people within the organization, etc. The current study provides an analytical tool in the form of a two dimensional matrix that maps various stages of the NPD process to the existing innovation strategies. This analytical tool can then be used by business analysts to assess the degree of innovativeness of various activities involved in NPD process, as a basis for enhancing the effectiveness of the overall product development initiatives.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "NPD"

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Missy, Stefan. "Das politische Profil der "neuen" NPD." Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-154456.

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Bhardwaj, Vandita. "An enhanced new product development (NPD) model and the application of Taguchi methods in upstream NPD activities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/MQ62370.pdf.

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Akram, Afzal Muhammad. "Risks in new product development (NPD) projects." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2017. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12722.

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New product development (NPD) is vulnerable to a wide variety of risks arising from within the firm or from the external environment. Existing categorizations of NPD project risks are partial or ill-defined and consequently there is no clear consensus among researchers and practitioners about what constitute NPD project risks. To address this gap, this thesis deploys a systematic literature methodology to inductively develop a comprehensive risk taxonomy from a review of 124 empirical studies. This taxonomy is then empirically validated through a survey capturing data from 263 NPD projects conducted by UK firms. The thesis further investigated the moderating effect of NPD project type (incremental or radical), firm size (SMEs and large firms) and industry sectors on the proposed risk taxonomy. Variation in the perceptions of NPD risk by different members of the team was explored as well. The findings revealed that the principal risk factors affecting NPD projects are technological rapidity risk, supply chain risk, lack of funding and resource risk. The risk profile of radical NPD projects differed to that of incremental projects. SMEs were more vulnerable to NPD project risks than large firms. Most risks influenced NPD projects equally across industrial sectors. Members of NPD project teams from different backgrounds or with different roles perceived risks differently. The proposed taxonomy and its subsequent empirical validation provides a comprehensive and robust taxonomy for identifying and managing risks associated with different types of NPD project conducted by firms of varying sizes from different industrial sectors.
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Lohikoski, P. (Päivi). "Information processing in global virtual NPD projects." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526211831.

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Abstract In knowledge-based economy an increasing amount of work is conducted in projects in dispersed virtual organisational settings. Information is the raw material of virtual knowledge-based project work and therefore an understanding of information processing in virtual NPD (New Product Development) projects is essential. Information processing is particularly crucial for virtual NPD projects, which are typically implemented in demanding, turbulent and complex institutional settings, where they are subject to various challenges caused by cultural, organisational and human factors and where large amounts of information is processed. This multi-disciplinary study combines theories of information processing and trust and knowledge-based view of organisations. Particularly impersonal and interpersonal trust and barriers to information processing are investigated to study organisational capabilities and virtual communication competencies, which can enable information processing in virtual NPD projects. The case organisation was selected for the study because it has a lengthy history of multinational and multisite virtual way of work. Survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed to gather research data. Focus group interviews and document review were conducted to evaluate the results. Altogether, 11 leaders and 12 expert teams were interviewed at sites in the USA, Finland, China and Poland as well as 7 members from the operative management in USA and Finland. The results of this study enhance the understanding of organisational virtual capabilities and personal virtual communication competencies in virtual NPD project context. The findings indicate that trust is significant and it is clear that both impersonal and interpersonal trust in supporting information processing in projects, are needed. This study also confirms that each phase in virtual project lifecycle has different needs for information processing. Through recognizing virtual communication capabilities in company level and competencies at the personal level, it would be easier to manage information processing in virtual NPD projects. At the personal level, virtual communication competencies are seen to consist of cultural knowledge and sensitivity, company language skills, listening skills, accountability and credibility, mastery in using ICT and e-mail etiquette. The significance of virtual communication capabilities and competencies as part of knowledge management strategies will grow in the future. This dissertation addresses this challenge by providing new practical and theoretical perspectives to enable planning, measuring, training and rewarding from virtual communication competences, and them to be tested in similar constructions in ICT industry or in other organizations to enhance information processing in virtual projects
Tiivistelmä Erityisesti yhteiskuntamme tietointensiivisillä aloilla tuotekehitys tapahtuu yhä useammin globaaleissa projekteissa, joissa työskennellään organisatorisesti ja maantieteellisesti hajautuneesti, jolloin suuri osa viestinnästä on virtuaalista. Viestintäprosessissa liikkuu informaatiota, joka on tiedon ja osaamisen raaka-ainetta. Jotta tietoa ja osaamista olisi mahdollista hyödyntää, on tärkeää ymmärtää virtuaalisten tuotekehitysprojektien viestintäprosesseja. Onnistunut viestintä on usein vaikeaa, koska projektit toimivat vaativissa, alati muuttuvissa ja monimutkaisissa ympäristöissä. Tyypillisesti projektin aikana pitää pystyä viestimään suuri määrä tietoa ja välittämään osaamista eri toimijoiden välillä. Tämä monitieteinen tutkimus yhdistelee informaation prosessoinnin teoriaa, tietojohtamista ja luottamustutkimusta globaalien tuotekehitysprojektien viestinnän tarkastelussa. Erityisesti keskitytään luottamuksen eri lajien vaikutukseen ja viestinnän esteiden esille tuomiseen, jotta onnistuneen viestinnän kannalta tärkeimmät organisatoriset ja yksilölliset kyvykkyydet voitaisiin tuoda esiin. Tutkittavalla organisaatiolla on pitkä historia kansainvälisillä markkinoilla virtuaalisena organisaationa toimimisesta. Tutkimus toteutettiin yhdistellen kyselytutkimusta ja laadullisia puolistrukturoituja haastatteluja. Kaikkiaan 11 virtuaalitiimin esimiestä ja 12 asiantuntijatiimiä osallistui haastatteluihin USA:ssa, Suomessa, Kiinassa ja Puolassa sekä operatiivisesta johdosta seitsemän henkilöä Suomesta ja USA:sta. Lopuksi tulokset arvioitiin dokumenttikatselmoinneissa sekä fokusryhmähaastatteluissa tutkittavassa organisaatiossa. Tulokset osoittavat, että organisaatio- ja yksilötason luottamusta tarvitaan ja luottamuksen eri lajeilla on erilainen vaikutus viestintään. Tutkimus nostaa myös esille projektin eri vaiheiden erilaiset viestintätarpeet, jotka huomioimalla voidaan kasvattaa virtuaalisten projektien kyvykkyyttä. Yksilötasolla tarvittavat virtuaaliset viestintätaidot ovat ammatillinen ja riittävä projektissa käytettävä kielitaito, kulttuurien tuntemus ja herkkyys, kuuntelemisen taito, vastuullisuus, vahvat ICT:n käyttö- ja mediataidot sekä e-mail etiketti. Tutkimus on merkittävä, koska virtuaalinen projektiperustainen globaali työ tulee lisääntymään ja lisäksi etätyön tarve tulee kasvamaan. Näin ollen virtuaalisten viestintätaitojen merkitys osana tietojohtamisen strategiaa tulee kasvamaan tulevaisuudessa
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Ramadan, Rawan. "IMPLICATIONS OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES WITHIN THE SWEDISH HIGH-TECHNOLOGICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY BASED ON A MULTI-ASPECT APPROACH." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154487.

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As business, technologies, and products changes so quickly in the modern day business environment, the complexity of launching new products into global markets increases. Therefore, the significance of the new product development (NPD) concept is rising, according to researchers. This master thesis is based, through a preliminary literature review, on the assumption that traditional NPD frameworks have deficiencies today. This is because as a NPD process is an on-going process that is performed repeatedly, the importance of putting forth new considerations to the NPD based on multi-aspect industrial characteristics today is needed for a sustainable NPD framework. Therefore, this study will put forth a new multi-aspect NPD framework with emphasis on technological-, global collaboration-, and financial elements to target the literature gap that is claimed to exist. The process of the research methodology followed a deductive approach, with an explorative-, descriptive- and analytical study. The collected data was of qualitative type, through 12 semi-structured interviews. A total of six Swedish high-technological manufacturing firms were interviewed, four of which were for empirical purposes, and two for contextual understanding. The author came to the conclusion that various deviations were found in setting the multi-aspect NPD approach in contrast to traditional NPD frameworks. The significance of “Open Innovation” concepts was adamant as being the stepping-stone for idea generation, conceptualization, and strategic partnership that was not brought up by traditional literature. Openness in all elements of the multiple-aspect NPD framework setup in this study was imperative, as the empirical findings suggested that the business environment for high-technological industries shifted towards an increased technological- and financial convergence. During the latter stages, minor deviations were found, with emphasis on collaboration elements between the R&D-, production- and marketing divisions within the firms.
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Gheshmi, Reza. "New paths to external collaboration in NPD projects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667604.

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According to the strategic management, open innovation, and project management literatures, the notion that SMEs can enhance their innovation ability by developing knowledge resources has become important for achieving competitive advantage and long-term survival. Building upon theoretical work on the resource-based view, contingency theory and open innovation literature, this research examines how project complexity contribute to implementation of open innovation practices and involving external knowledge sources in different phases of new product development (NPD). The conceptual model was developed and aims to answer three important questions. RQ1: How complexity contributes in strategic decision for external collaboration in NPD process? RQ2: How external collaboration can improve internal capabilities and reduce the level of project complexity? RQ3: How collaboration with external knowledge source can improve new product performance? This study examines the four open innovation practices: Partnership, Seller/ Buyer agreement, Community and platform, and four knowledge resources: Suppliers, Customers, Universities and Competitors that impact a firm’s innovation process and affects the project performance. The model is tested with data collected from 125 new product development projects in 85 Spanish low knowledge intensive SMEs. The empirical result shows that project complexity contributed to the development of open innovation practices in new product development projects. The result specified that partnership as the dominant mode of open innovation practices will implements in different phases of the projects to reduces the level of project complexity and improve absorptive capacities of the companies. The results also found that to achieve different dimensions of the project performance, the companies have to use different configurational paths to involve external knowledge sources in each phase of NPD projects. Therefore, these findings conclude that implementing open innovation practices and involving external knowledge sources in innovation process, does not follow the same path, where project complexity, internal absorptive capacity and phases of the projects are the factors which make difference in this configurational models. This research has noteworthy implications for both researchers and practitioners by (1) Developing an integrated framework of project complexity in open innovation context. (2) Providing guidelines for low knowledge intensive SME’s in developing open innovation practices in their NPD projects. (3) The open innovation literature needs to consider empirically how knowledge resources involved in different phases of projects and enhance the project performance. (3) Indicating that the configuration of the different knowledge resources in different phases of NPD projects, leads to the different dimensions of the project performance (Speed, Cost, Market and product novelty) for SME in the low- technology industry. Limitations in current research may create avenues for future research in terms of number of companies, methodologies, open innovation modes, innovation types and time.
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Rundquist, Jonas. "Outsourcing of New Product Development - A decision framework." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/50/.

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Henao, Margarita Maria Muñoz. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de método analí­tico para detecção de estimulantes em suplementos nutricionais adulterados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-21022018-173653/.

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A adição fraudulenta de ativos farmacêuticos em suplementos nutricionais é um problema mundial. É comum encontrar mensagens sobre perda de peso, aumento da capacidade intelectual e/ou física, e estímulo sexual na embalagem de suplementos adulterados com fármacos sintéticos ocultos em formulações aparentemente inofensivas para os usuários. No Brasil, a disponibilidade de dados sobre a adulteração de suplementos nutricionais é escassa. No presente trabalho, foi desenvolvido e aplicado um método analítico empregando cromatografia gasosa com detector de nitrogênio fósforo (GC-NPD) para a detecção, identificação e quantificação de estimulantes/anorexígenos não declarados nos rótulos de suplementos alimentares, tais como: cafeína, femproporex, anfepramona, fenfluramina, sibutramina, fentermina, efedrina, fenilpropanolamina, pseudoefedrina e 4- metilhexan-2-amina. A técnica de extração/solubilização com metanol foi utilizada, ressaltando a utilização de baixa quantidade de amostra, solvente e padrões de estimulantes. Após o desenvolvimento e validação do método, as análises foram aplicadas em amostras de suplementos nutricionais obtidos em lojas especializadas em suplementos, de diversas partes do estado de São Paulo (n=125). Das 125 amostras de suplemento nutricional analisadas, 38 delas (30%) apresentaram resultado positivo para alguma das substâncias de interesse, dentre elas, sibutramina, cafeína e efedrina mediante a metodologia escolhida. As amostras positivas foram posteriormente analisadas qualitativamente por LC-MS/MS, no propósito de confirmar o resultado positivo obtido. A técnica analítica empregada proporciona seletividade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, recuperação e limites em conformidade ao objetivo que foram destinadas. Os métodos de preparo de amostra desenvolvidos e validados demonstraram ser simples, práticos, eficientes e diferenciados pelo baixo uso de amostra e solvente.
The fraudulent addition of active pharmaceutical compounds in nutritional supplements is, indeed, a worldwide problem. Often, it can be found several advertisements on various supplement packaging assuring weight loss, increased intellectual and/or physical capacity and sexual stimulation. These products may have been \'spiked\' with synthetic drugs containing formulations which are apparently harmless to users. In Brazil, the availability of data about adulteration of nutritional supplements is scarce. In the present work, an analytical method using gas chromatography coupled with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD) was developed and applied for the detection, identification and quantification of undeclared stimulants and/or anorectic agents in food supplement labels, such as: caffeine, fenproporex, amfepramone, fenfluramine, sibutramine, phentermine, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine e 4- metilhexan -2- amine. The extraction/solubilization with methanol presented satisfactory results, emphasizing the use of low amount of sample, solvent and standards of analytes. After the development and validation, the method was applied in samples of nutritional supplements obtained from specialty stores in various parts of the state of São Paulo (n = 125). From the 125 nutritional supplement samples analyzed, 38 of them (30%) presented positive results for some of the substances of interest, among them sibutramine, caffeine and ephedrine according to the chosen methodology. The positive samples were subsequently analyzed qualitatively by LCMS / MS, in order to confirm the positive result obtained. The analytical technique employed provides selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery and limits in accordance with the intended purpose. The sample preparation methods developed and validated to be simple, practical, efficient and differentiated by the low sample and solvent usage.
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Riahi, Hamid Reza. "Modelling the task interactions and parallelism among NPD activities." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311667.

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Mager, Stefan. "Der "Deutschland-Pakt" - die wahlstrategische Allianz von NPD und DVU /." München [u.a.] : Grin-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017653421&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Books on the topic "NPD"

1

Fischer, Jörg. Das NPD-Verbot. Berlin, Germany: Espresso, 2001.

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Müller, Leo. Republikaner, NPD, DVU, Liste D--. 2nd ed. Göttingen: Lamuv, 1989.

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Die Wähler der NPD: Eine empirische Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren auf die Wahl der NPD 1969. Wiesbaden: Drewipunkt, 2011.

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1960-, Backes Uwe, and Steglich Henrik, eds. Die NPD: Erfolgsbedingungen einer rechtsextremistischen Partei. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2007.

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Die NPD: Entwicklung, Ideologie und Struktur. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1999.

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Canada, Atomic Energy of. Hydrogeologic investigation of NPD landfill site #2. Ottawa, Ont: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 1989.

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Parti nouveau démocratique du Québec., ed. Le NPD et le Québec: 1958-1985. [Montréal]: Editions du Parc, 1985.

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Die NPD unter Udo Voigt: Organisation, Ideologie, Strategie. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2013.

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Jens, Mecklenburg, ed. Braune Gefahr: DVU, NPD, REP : Geschichte und Zukunft. Berlin: Elefanten Press, 1999.

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1967-, Kopke Christoph, ed. Die NPD und ihr Milieu: Studien und Berichte. Münster, Germany: Klemm & Oelschläger, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "NPD"

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Schulze, Christoph. "Das Säulenkonzept der NPD." In Strategien der extremen Rechten, 77–100. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01984-6_4.

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Schulze, Christoph. "Das Viersäulenkonzept der NPD." In Strategien der extremen Rechten, 92–108. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91708-5_6.

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Kliegel, Thomas. "Das zweite NPD-Verbotsverfahren." In Linien der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts, edited by Matthias Modrzejewski and Kolja Naumann, 375–422. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110599916-016.

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Heinrich, Gudrun, and Steffen Schoon. "Die NPD in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern." In Politik in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 145–67. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02652-3_7.

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Haines, Steven. "Strategies to Improve NPD Governance." In The PDMA Handbook of New Product Development, 310–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118466421.ch19.

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Kavadias, Stylianos, and Christoph H. Loch. "Dynamic Selection of NPD Programs." In Project Selection Under Uncertainty, 31–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9080-8_3.

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Miliopoulos, Lazaros. "Sachsen – eine Hochburg der NPD?" In Sachsen – Eine Hochburg des Rechtsextremismus?, 201–16. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666363283.201.

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Athaide, Gerard A., and Richard Klink. "Managing Successful NPD Relationships: An Abstract." In Marketing at the Confluence between Entertainment and Analytics, 367–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47331-4_66.

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Pfahl-Traughber, Armin. "Die »alte« und die »neue« NPD." In Strategien der extremen Rechten, 55–75. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01984-6_3.

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Xue, Yanmin, and Menghui Huang. "Consumer Involvement in NPD Different Stages." In HCI in Business, Government and Organizations. Interacting with Information Systems, 128–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58481-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "NPD"

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Ghalayini, S. A. "Comparisons Between Api And Npd Drilling." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7553-ms.

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Mathiesen, R. "The Tender Assisted Drilling - NPD Experience." In Offshore Europe. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/19248-ms.

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de Weerd-Nederhof,, Petra, Klaasjan Visscher, Michael Song, and Mark Parry. "Configuration driving NPD performance fit with market demands and time constraints." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268488522.

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The research reported in this paper is aimed at developing knowledge on organizing NPD systems to optimize their contribution to performance. To this end, a systems approach to fit is used to explain the context-structure-performance relationships for NPD performance, specifically in terms of fit with market demands of the product concept and fit with time constraints of the development process. From a sample of 164 US firms, the top 15 % performers in terms of both fit with market demands and fit with time constraints have been identified. An optimized ‘Ideal Profile’ for the organization of NPD systems, formed by a consistent pattern of: NPD Process, NPD Project Structure and Management, Innovation Climate, and NPD Goal Setting and Portfolio Management, followed from the analysis of the NPD configuration of these top performers. For the calibration sample (the other 85%) significant deviation from the ideal profile on all elements of the configuration was found, the correlations between NPD Performance Fit with Market Demands and Fit with Time Constraints and total Euclidean distance are also significant. Overall, these results provide evidence for the proposition that (1) new product success is a function of a set of NPD development system decisions and (2) to truly understand the impact of those decisions, they must be considered as a holistic system. The contribution of this research is in the empirical validation of the internal consistency of an ideal organizational profile for NPD systems achieving both a high NPD performance in terms of market acceptance of their new products as well in terms of the satisfactory level of the development times of those products. By also examining ideal profiles for each of these NPD performance dimensions separately, the conflicting demands created by multiple performance metrics are highlighted as well as the organizational trade-offs necessary for optimal performance. In terms of managerial implications, this also gives direction for organizational redesign to firms either wanting to maximize their product concept (Fit with Market Demands) or development process (Fit with Time Constraints) performance.
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Ouyang, P. R., and W. J. Zhang. "Comparison of PD-Based Controllers for Robotic Manipulators." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57015.

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PD control is widely used in industrial robotic manipulators because of its simple structure and acceptable performance. In this paper, the PD-based control schemes for the trajectory tracking of the robotic manipulators are addressed. The fixed gain PD control, the nonlinear gain PD (NPD) control, the adaptive PD learning control (PD-LC), and the adaptive NPD learning control (NPD-LC) are applied for the trajectory tracking of both serial and parallel robotic manipulators. The PD-LC and NPD-LC controllers can be used to improve the tracking performance for the repeatable tracking tasks in an iterative mode. The PD-LC and NPD-LC consists of a PD/NPD control as the basic feedback control and an additional feedforward control term directly inherited from the previous iteration of the same control task. A comparative study of four PD-based controllers is conducted to understand how different control schemes will affect the trajectory tracking performance, and the results are shown in this paper. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the validity of the PD-LC and NPD-LC algorithms.
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Gupta, Devbrat, Vishal Goyal, and Jitendra Kumar. "Robust Fractional-order NPD Controller for NPK Power Model of an AHWR System." In 2022 IEEE Students Conference on Engineering and Systems (SCES). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sces55490.2022.9887679.

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Ouyang, P. R., W. J. Zhang, and M. M. Gupta. "Adaptive Nonlinear PD Learning Control for Robot Manipulators." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57131.

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A new control method, called adaptive nonlinear PD learning control (NPD-LC), is proposed for robot manipulator applications in this paper. The proposed control structure is a combination of a nonlinear PD control structure and a directly learning structure. Consequently, this new control method possesses both adaptive and on-line learning properties. One of the unique features of the NPD-LC algorithm is that the learning is based on the previous torque profile of the repetitive task. It is proved that the NPD-LC enjoys the asymptotic convergence for both tracking positions and tracking velocities. Simulation studies were conducted by comparing the proposed method with many other existing methods. As a result, it was demonstrated that the NPD-LC method can achieve a faster convergence speed. The proposed NPD-LC is robust and can be implemented for the control of robot manipulators.
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Iamratanakul, Supachart. "The impact of lean practices on NPD performance." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2016.7605006.

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Deniaud, Ioana Filipas, Francois Marmier, Didier Gourc, and Sophie Bougaret. "A Risk Management Approach for Collaborative NPD Project." In 2016 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Management Science and Application (ICIMSA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimsa.2016.7503986.

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Solomon, GM, H. Young, G. Reeves, G. Sabbatini, N. Hamblett, M. Ashlock, JP Clancy, and SM Rowe. "Protocol for Improved NPD Performance for International Trials." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1792.

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Balbontin, Alejandro, and Baback Yazdani. "Global New Product Development Strategies and I.T. Applications." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/eim-9007.

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Abstract This report presents the results of the 1998 Global New Product Development Survey, carried-out by the Warwick Manufacturing Group at the University of Warwick (UK). The survey is based on a questionnaire addressed to 637 firms with turnover greater than £ 30 million ($ 45 million), operating in the UK across key industrial sectors and engaged in New Product Development (NPD). Response rate was of 8%. Global NPD practices include product standardization, the strategy used to allocate NPD centers (related to business units and geographically), the level of centralization of tasks, the level of NPD outsourcing, the use of external collaboration and the use of Information Technology (IT) applications to support the NPD process. It was found that firms with products designed for global markets have about an 8 times greater potential to export than those firms who only standardize core components. Firms that collaborate more with external entities implement universal products more easily. Based on the “pretax profit in the last four years of business activity”, the respondent firms with losses have an average of 7 business sectors, whereas the top ten profitable firms have an average of only 4 business sectors, this relationship also applies to NPD activities. It was found that firms manage the collaborative ventures through either team members or team leaders and that top management involvement is only on a small scale. IT communication tools (e-mail and video-conferencing), followed by administration tools (project-planning and presentation software) are the main priorities in firms with widely distributed teams.
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Reports on the topic "NPD"

1

Carter, Forest, Scott Deneale, Christopher Derolph, and Carly Hansen. NPD Classification Tools – User Guide NPD Explorer and NPDamCAT Apps. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1855640.

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Runde, W., D. Janecky, J. Kaszuba, and C. D. Tait. Impact of the formation of NpO{sub 2} and Np{sub 2}O{sub 5} on the Np solubility in YM waters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656547.

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Pilat, J. F. Rethinking the NPT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10120276.

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Beyeler, Walter, Kevin Stamber, and Andjelka Kelic. NFD Methodology Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762834.

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Kouzes, Richard T., and Zihua Zhu. NID Copper Sample Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1015908.

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Swenson, Robert. NMD BM/C3 Implementation,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada319963.

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Skone, Timothy J. NPK Nutrients Replacement, Operation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509108.

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Twery, Mark J., Peter D. Knopp, Scott A. Thomasma, and Donald E. Nute. NED-2 User's Guide. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-85.

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Twery, Mark J., Peter D. Knopp, Scott A. Thomasma, and Donald E. Nute. NED-2 reference guide. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-86.

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Kouzes, Richard T., and Zihua Zhu. NID Copper Sample Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029431.

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