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Donohue, Carolyn Elizabeth. "EXPRESSION OF Npcl IN GLIAL CELLS CORRECTS STERILITY IN Npcl-/- MICE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192331.
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Dani, Vincent. "Étude du maintien et de la rupture de l'association symbiotique Cnidaire-Dinoflagellés : approches cellulaires et moléculaires chez l'anémone de mer Anemonia viridis." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4105/document.
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L’endosymbiose trophique établie entre un hôte Cnidaire et ses symbiotes Dinoflagellés photosynthétiques est à l’origine du succès évolutif des écosystèmes coralliens. Les symbiotes sont internalisés par un mécanisme de phagocytose et maintenus dans les cellules du gastroderme de l'hôte. La symbiose est régie par un dialogue moléculaire intime entre les deux partenaires, interrompu lors de perturbations environnementales ou anthropiques, responsables du déclin mondial des récifs coralliens. Les objectifs de mon projet de recherche sont de définir les acteurs moléculaires localisés à l’interface symbiotique chez l’anémone de mer, Anemonia viridis. Premièrement, nous avons étudié les mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans différents types de rupture de la symbiose et mis en évidence des phénomènes d’apoptose, nécrose et symbiophagie. Parallèlement, nous avons caractérisé chez l’anémone les gènes npc1 et npc2, impliqués chez les vertébrés dans le transport endosomal de stérols, et dont l’expression est modulée par l’état symbiotique. Nous avons pu montrer que le gène npc2d est issus d’une duplication et vraisemblablement d’une sub-fonctionnalisation et que les protéines NPC1 et NPC2 sont exprimées au voisinage des symbiotes. Nous proposons donc que la protéine NPC2-d soit utilisée comme marqueur de l’état de santé des Anthozoaires symbiotiques et que la protéine NPC1 soit un marqueur de la membrane périsymbiotique. Nous avons également développé un protocole afin d’identifier les protéines associées à l’interface symbiotique entre les deux partenaires. A terme, les cibles identifiées permettront une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes qui régulent la relation symbiotiqueThe trophic endosymbiosis interaction between a cnidarian host and its photosynthetic dinoflagellatessymbionts form the basis of coral reef ecosystems. Cnidarians host their symbionts in gastrodermis cells, in a phagocytosis-derived vacuole. Establishment and maintenance of the symbiotic interaction depend on an intimate molecular communication between the two partners. However, environmental and/or anthropogenic disturbances can lead to the breakdown of the symbiotic association, which is responsible for the worldwide decline of coral reefs. The main objectives of my research project are to improve the knowledge regarding symbiosis maintenance and disruption mechanisms, but also to define the molecular key players involved at the symbiotic interface in the sea anemone, Anemonia viridis. First, we have described the cellular mechanisms involved in the different types of symbiosis breackdown. Meanwhile, the characterization of npc1 and npc2 genes (involved in endosomal sterol transport), showed a duplication and a sub-functionalization of the npc2d gene. Both NPC1 and NPC2 proteins are expressed around symbionts. We therefore suggest that the duplicated protein NPC2-d is a biomarker of symbiosis health and that NPC1 protein is a marker of the perisymbiotic membrane. We then developed a protocol to characterize the proteome of the symbiotic interface between the two symbiotic partners. The newly-identified symbiotic key players will increase the general knowledge on the symbiotic interaction and its regulation during both stable and bleaching conditions
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PASTORE, RAFFAELE. "GENERATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NPC1-/- AND NPC2-/- ARPE19 AS NOVEL CELLULAR MODELS OF NIEMANN-PICK TYPE C AND THEIR APPLICATION IN A HIGH-CONTENT DRUG SCREENING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/609134.
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Niemann-Pick type-C (NP-C) is a lysosomal lipid-storage disorder caused by autosomal-recessive mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. Among the NPC cases, 95% results from dysfunction of NPC1, whereas 5% is due to malfunction of NPC2. These proteins mediate the transport of free cholesterol from the inner lumen to the limiting membrane of lysosomes. More specifically, the soluble protein NPC2 delivers free cholesterol directly to the transmembrane protein NPC1. Niemann-Pick-C is a neurovisceral disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration with affected cells accumulating cholesterol and sphingolipids. The mechanisms linking lipid-storage and onset of organ dysfunction are still unknown and a curative therapy is missing. A major limitation for in vitro studies is represented by the lack of appropriate NPC cellular models because NPC-fibroblasts and their derived-iPScs present high phenotypic variability and are difficult to work with. To overcome this problem, in this research cellular models of NPC-type-1 and NPC-type-2 were generated by knocking out either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes in ARPE19 cells using CRISPR/Cas9. NPC1-/- and NPC2-/- ARPE19 turned out to be good disease models thoroughly recapitulating the pathological features of NPC. Since both knockout cell lines showed accumulation of free cholesterol within LE/LY, the microscopy assay filipin-LAMP1 co-staining was used to monitor the effect of potential therapeutic compounds on the stored LE/LY free cholesterol. To this end, the NPC2-/- ARPE19 were employed in a high-content experiment to screen the 1200 FDA-approved drugs of the Prestwick library. As a result, three candidate drugs, desipramine, fendiline and thioproperazine were selected.
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Barreto, Casimiro de Almeida. "Traços de personalidade e expressividade a partir de comunicação em linguagem natural para avatares em mundos virtuais 3D." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-26022016-112334/.
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Um fator relevante para a aceitação de metáforas de mundos virtuais 3D como interfaces homem máquina é a supressão do fator estranheza. Tal fator decorre da percepção de comportamentos não naturais entre as representações de usuários (avatares) e robôs (NPCs Non Playable Characters) nestes ambientes virtuais e acontece, principalmente, devido a diferenças sutís entre o comportamento esperado de um ser humano e o apresentado pelas representações virtuais (avatares). Ao conjunto de comportamentos exibidos denominamos persona. Assim, uma maneira de reduzir a barreira de estranheza entre usuários interagindo em mundos virtuais 3D é fazendo com que suas representações (avatares) tenham personas convincentes. Os seres humanos tem suas personas regidas por seus tratos emocionais. As interações com o ambiente e com outros seres humanos fornecem estímulos que modificam o estado emocional com relação ao estado de equilíbrio e, consequentemente, alteram o comportamento exterior observado. O estado emocional de equilíbrio pode ser obtido através da análise de corpo de comunicação em linguagem natural do usuário. Neste trabalho é defendida a tese de que através da análise do corpo das interações em linguagem natural de usuários nas mídias sociais é possível estabelecer um modelo de personalidade e persona que pode ser transposto para a representação dos usuários nem mundos virtuais 3D, de forma que as representações tenham comportamentos tais que reduzem o fator de estranheza. O modelo faz uso das interações recentes nas mídias sociais e das interações nos mundos virtuais 3D para determinar o estado emocional imediato e o comportamento instantâneo e é coerente com o paradigma do modelo OCC. Também é demonstrado que este modelo é evolutivo: pela análise contínua do corpo da comunicação é acompanhada a evolução da personalidade do usuário, bem como se adequa continuamente sua persona. Os traços de personalidade são analizados no modelo Big Five (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness) e operacionalizados no modelo PAD (Personality, arousal, dominance). O modelo constrói um campo de personalidade, no espaço PAD, de tal forma que na ausência de excitação o estado emocional do avatar fica em repouso no centro deste campo. As excitações movimentam o estado ao longo dos eixos PAD e provocam mudanças no comportamento observado. A correspondência entre as mudanças de comportamento do avatar e o movimento do estado do usuário no campo emocional aumenta a concordância entre comportamento esperado e observado, reduzindo o fator de estranheza.A key factor for the acceptance of 3D virtual world mataphor as human machine interface is the suppression of the strangeness factor, which appears due the perception of non natural behaviour in representations of users (avatars) and bots (NPCs). Such perception raises mostly due to subtle differences in expected behavior for a human being and observed behavior in virtual representations (avatars and NPCs). In this work we will call persona the set of exhibited behaviors. Thus, a way of diminishing the strangeness valley is by supplying avatars with convincing personas. Human beings rule their personas with intermediation of their emotional traits. Interactions with environment and other beings supply stimuli that change the emotional state from the equilibrium situation and, consequently, change observed behavior. Idle emotional state can be determined through natural language communication corpora analysis. In this thesis we state that through the analysis of user interactions in social media it is possible to establish a model of personality and persona that can be transposed to their representation in 3D virtual worlds, so such representation exhibits behavior that minimize strangeness. The model uses recent interations of user in social media and his interactions inside the 3D virtual world to establish current behavior and is coherent with OCC paradigm. It is also demonstrated that such model is evolutive: by the continuous analysis of communication corpora the user personality behavior is updated and its persona is continually adjusted. Personality traits are analysed in the Big Five model (neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness) and operationalized in the PAD model (personality, arousal, dominance). A personality field is built such as in the absence of inputs, emotional state lies in the center of this field. Inputs move state along PAD axes and cause changes in the observed behavior. Correspondence between avatar behavior changes and state changes of user regarding its emotional field enhance the compliance between expected and observed behavior, reducing strangeness.
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Koch, Tina Strafuss Michael. "NPL-Verkauf durch deutschen Banken /." Frankfurt am Main : Bankakad, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2765271&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Walther, Tobias. "The role of Peripheral Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) structures in nuclear transport and NPC architecture." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-4945.
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Westerberg, Marcus. "Reasons for Missing Data of Risk Categorisation in NPCR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad matematik och statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253437.
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The risk of prostate cancer (PCa) can be described using ve risk categories based on clinicalassessment involving the risk of cancer and metastasis level. In some cases the information neededto calculate the risk is not registered. The aim is to assess potential dierences in properties likeage, treatment, comorbidity and survival, between men with a dened risk stage categorisation ofprostate cancer compared to men lacking information to calculate the risk stage category. Themain measures involved in the risk stage assessment are Gleason score, prostate specic antigen(PSA) value and T-stage. Men missing data for risk stage categorisation may be lacking one of thethree or a combination of at least two out of the three. Subgroups of these men will be analysedin a similar way, in order to understand the reasons to why they are missing data for risk stagecategorization.Statistical analysis involves univariate and multivariate logistic regression, along with survivaland competing risk analysis. Data will be presented in tables, gures and forest plots, includingodds ratios, 95% condence intervals and p-values.According to the study, men missing data of risk stage categorization were about 2.6% of allmen in the data base, and had most likely a low risk PCa. They had higher comorbidity levelsbut the overall probability of death was the same compared to other men. In addition, they hadsignicantly lower proportion of death by PCa and experienced a large proportion of death byother cancer, which concurs with the previous conclusions about comorbidity and low risk PCa,indicating that they had another disease, possibly cancer, that required more attention.Considering only men missing data for risk categorisation, a large proportion were missingPSA level (58.3%), and these men had higher comorbidity, were older, and had a large proportionof death by other cancer. Surprisingly, men missing Gleason level (20.3%) had increased oddsratios for lower comorbidity levels, were younger at time of diagnosis, and had a higher survivalprobability in general. Unexpectedly, men missing T-stage (32%) were more likely to being treatedby Radio Theraphy (RT), were less likely to attend university hospitals and more likely to attendprivate physicians. Men missing a combination of at least two out of three of Gleason, PSA, T-stage(19.6%) had higher comorbidity levels and were more likely to be treated by RT, less likely to attenduniversity hospitals, had a large proportion of death by other cancer, and a larger proportion ofdeath closer to the time of diagnosis.Lastly, there were some indications of variations of the proportions of missing data of riskstage categorisation when dividing it into the subgroups mentioned above, and viewed over year ofdiagnosis. There was an increase in missing data of risk stage categorization around 2006 and anexplanation of this could be the change of IT-system for registration, leaving a general increase ofmissing data behind it, perhaps due to a looser control during the transition and unfamiliarity ofthe new system.The main conclusion was that the reasons for missing data of risk stage categorisation are mostlikely high comorbidity levels, probably including another cancer in combination with a low riskPCa. It was most common to be missing data of risk stage categorisation due to missing PSAlevel, and those men had high comorbidity and were older. Surprisingly, private physicians and/ortreatment by RT were more likely to be missing T-stage, and younger men with low comorbiditywere more likely to be missing Gleason score.
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Finamor, Gustavo Andres. "Inversor fotovoltaico não isolado NPC intercalado." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8585.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThroughout the twentieth century, the supply of electricity, mainly obtained from fossil fuels like oil and coal, it has supported the growth and transformation of the world economy. In the early years of this century, the scenario has changed to a new reality, the need for sustainable development. In other words, the challenge is to gradually replace the traditional sources of electricity from renewable energy sources, in which the solar photovoltaic energy has highlighted. Photovoltaic inverters may be constituted in different ways, presenting in recent decades a high research progress. The main study efforts focus on getting high efficiency, high power density and high reliability, to increase the overall performance of the photovoltaic installation. In this direction, this Master Thesis aims to propose, analyze, design and implement a single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic inverter, which provides high efficiency and high power density. This circuit is called Transformerless Photovoltaic Interleaved Multilevel NPC Inverter , that use uncoupled inductors, Gallium Nitride power transistors and employs interleaving strategy beside the LCL filter, synthesizing 9 levels. Are introduced studies on the operation, modulation and design methodology of power stages, considering the static performance. Results are presented for the 1 kW, in order to support the validity of the proposed topology in conjunction with the standard aspects, especially in relation to THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of grid current, leakage current, efficiency and power density.
Durante todo o século XX, a oferta de energia elétrica, obtida principalmente a partir dos combustíveis fósseis como petróleo e o carvão mineral, deu suporte ao crescimento e as transformações da economia mundial. Já nos primeiros anos do século atual, o cenário mudou para uma nova realidade, a necessidade do desenvolvimento sustentável. Em outras palavras, o desafio é substituir gradativamente as fontes tradicionais de energia elétrica por fontes de energia renovável, onde a energia solar fotovoltaica tem destaque. Os conversores eletrônicos para sistemas fotovoltaicos, também chamados de inversores, podem ser constituídos de diversas maneiras, apresentando nas últimas décadas um acentuado progresso de pesquisa. Os principais esforços de estudo tem se concentrado em obter alto rendimento, alta densidade de potência e alta confiabilidade, de modo a aumentar o desempenho global da instalação fotovoltaica. Neste horizonte, esta dissertação tem por objetivo propor, analisar, projetar e implementar um inversor fotovoltaico monofásico, para aplicação conectada à rede, de alto rendimento e alta densidade de potência. Esta estrutura é denominada de Inversor Fotovoltaico NPC Multinível Intercalado sem Transformador , que utiliza indutores não acoplados, interruptores de Nitreto de Gálio e emprega a técnica interleaving junto ao filtro LCL, sintetizando 9 níveis. No decorrer do trabalho são introduzidos estudos relativos à operação, modulação, metodologia de projeto e estágios de potência, estabelecendo critérios, enquanto considera a performance estática. São apresentados resultados, observando a potência de 1 kW, com a finalidade de corroborar a validade da topologia proposta juntamente as normativas e aspectos que norteiam a aplicação, especialmente com respeito à THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) da corrente da rede, corrente de fuga, rendimento e densidade de potência.
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Bell, Stephanie A. "Validation of the NPL gravimetric hygrometer." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7703/.
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The gravimetric hygrometer of the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL) provides a first-principles realisation of mixing ratio - the most fundamental measure of the humidity of a gas. The operation of the NPL gravimetric hygrometer has been validated to demonstrate its satisfactory performance as a primary standard for humidity within the UK national measurement system. The measurement performance of the gravimetric hygrometer has been characterised for mixing ratios within the range 0.01 g kg to 155 g kg 4 (equivalent at atmospheric pressure to a dew-point range of -60 °C to +60 °C). The significant aspects of the measurement have been assessed in detail; these being the balances and weighing processes, the efficiency of collecting water and dry gas, and the effects of stray water in the instrument. Sources of systematic error have been identified and their effects quantified. Wherever possible, such errors have been eliminated or reduced. Elsewhere, numerical corrections have been evaluated and applied to the results of measurements. The overall uncertainty of measurement for the gravimetric hygrometer has been estimated by evaluating the uncertainties contributed by each aspect of the measurement, and combining these statistically to find the overall effect. The estimated uncertainty at a level of confidence of approximately 95% (a coverage factor of k=2) was found to range between 0.015 percent of value at the highest humidity considered, near 155 g kg 1, and 1.27 percent of value at the lower limit of 0.01 g kg1. The gravimetric hygrometer has been intercompared with the humidity generator which is the NFL standard for dew point, using nitrogen as the carrier gas in these measurements. For the conversion between values of dew point and mixing ratio, the uncertainties in the reference functions have been reviewed for the vapour pressure curve of water, and for the water vapour enhancement factor which accounts for the non-ideal behaviour of humid gases. A new calculation of the enhancement factor for nitrogen is presented. The uncertainties due to sampling were also evaluated. On average, the uncertainties due to the reference functions and those due to sampling were found to comparable with the uncertainty in the gravimetric measurements. Taking all these into account, the intercomparison measurements agreed to within the combined uncertainties of the two instruments.
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容振威 and Chun-wai Yung. "A molecular study of NPC pathogenesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212748.
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Lima, Luiz Ricardo. "Inversor monofásico NPC com snubber regenerativo." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2089.
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This work presents a study about the NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) three-level inverter with a modified Undeland snubber and using a Buck-Boost converter to regenerate the energy processed by the snubber. Initially, qualitative and quantitative analysis of this inverter with the presence of the snubber are presented and a project methodology is proposed. The same analysis and project are presented for the Buck-Boost converter and it is shown that this converter can operate under ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching). Next, mathematical models of all circuitry necessary for the realization of the digital control of the inverter are presented and a controller is projected. Using data of the projected NPC inverter, Buck-Boost converter and digital controller, simulation results are presented. These simulations were done using software s Orcad Pspice and Simulink. Finally, implementation details and experimental results of a 1.5 kW, 800 V input voltage, 127 V output voltage and 200 kHz switching frequency prototype are presented.
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do inversor NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) a três níveis com snubber de Undeland modificado, utilizando um conversor Buck-Boost para regeneração da energia processada pelo snubber. Inicialmente são feitas analises qualitativa e quantitativa desse inversor com a presença do snubber e é apresentada uma metodologia de projeto. As mesmas analises e projeto são feitos para o conversor Buck-Boost e é mostrado como ele pode operar com comutação ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching). A seguir são mostrados os modelos matemáticos de todos os circuitos necessários para se realizar o controle digital do inversor e é apresentado um projeto de controlador digital. Utilizando os dados de projeto do inversor NPC, do conversor Buck-Boost e do controle são apresentados os resultados de simulações feitas nos programas Orcad Pspice e Simulink. Por ultimo, são apresentados detalhes de implementação e resultados experimentais de um protótipo de 1,5 kW, 800 V de tensão de barramento, 127 V de tensão de saída e 200 kHz de freqüência de comutação.
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Yung, Chun-wai. "A molecular study of NPC pathogenesis /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14763801.
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Davies, M. I. "Generating anthropomorphic NPC controllers with genetic profiling." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654459.
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This thesis highlights the research and findings of a PhD project designed to investigate whether mimicry!, Genetic Programming and computer game technologies could be used to create controllers for artificial humans that encourage anthropomorphic behaviour. From an initial broad research focus, the project eventually concentrated on the anthropomorphic attributes of behaviours demonstrated by Non-Player Characters (NPCs) used by computer games. In a deliberate attempt to uncover a viable alternative to existing mechanisms, the project sought to apply Artificial Intelligence systems more commonly used in academic Computer Science research to a computer game context. As part of this research, a new Artificial Intelligence mechanism was developed, (UK Patent Application No. 1012243.0), which combined elements of Genetic Programming and mimicry. The new mechanism was subsequently dubbed 'Genetic Profiling' and forms the core research presented herein. To further investigate the Genetic Profiling mechanism a number of environments were required either to act as evaluation test-beds or as an integral part of the new Artificial Intelligence strategy by supplying raw behavioural data from real people. The iWorld concept outlined in this document categorises these augmented environments, which could exist as physical, virtual or mixed-reality entities. Several iWorlds were created for use by this project, including the deployment of a Massive Multiuser Online (MMO) environment. Each was used to evaluate different implementations of the Genetic Profiling mechanism, including several possible strategies for generating and representing artificial behavioural data. Most of these iWorlds were customised to evaluate the performance of generated NPC controllers with special regard to a specific aspect of computer game design. In addition to extensive quantitative testing, the anthropomorphic attributes of artificial Genetic Profiling NPC controllers were evaluated qualitatively, using a bespoke testing strategy inspired by the 'Turing Test' experiments. Furthermore, to provide additional grounding and justification, models and theories from Psychology concerning human personalities were adapted to allow better representation and analysis of generated behaviours. Inspired by this research, the project proposes a hierarchical architecture describing the structure and contents of artificial human personalities generated using the Genetic Profiling mechanism. By grounding the artificial behaviours produced by Genetic Profiling in this way it was possible to identify sets of rudimentary Traits in artificial personalities, based upon the behavioural content generated for NPC controllers. At the time of writing, in addition to a patent application the research performed by this project and results from some of its investigations have provided content for a number of peer-reviewed international conference and journal papers. Essentially, the research presented in this document details the first-steps of a new paradigm for potentially allowing NPCs present in computer games to behave more like human players. As such, based upon this initial ground-world, there are several possible directions and augmentations that could potentially be made to the Genetic Profiling mechanism, should this project be continued in the future.
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Washburn, Megan E. "Dynamic Procedural Music Generation from NPC Attributes." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2193.
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Procedural content generation for video games (PCGG) has seen a steep increase in the past decade, aiming to foster emergent gameplay as well as to address the challenge of producing large amounts of engaging content quickly. Most work in PCGG has been focused on generating art and assets such as levels, textures, and models, or on narrative design to generate storylines and progression paths. Given the difficulty of generating harmonically pleasing and interesting music, procedural music generation for games (PMGG) has not seen as much attention during this time.
Music in video games is essential for establishing developers' intended mood and environment. Given the deficit of PMGG content, this paper aims to address the demand for high-quality PMGG. This paper describes the system developed to solve this problem, which generates thematic music for non-player characters (NPCs) based on developer-defined attributes in real time and responds to the dynamic relationship between the player and target NPC.
The system was evaluated by means of user study: participants confront four NPC bosses each with their own uniquely generated dynamic track based on their varying attributes in relation to the player's. The survey gathered information on the perceived quality, dynamism, and helpfulness to gameplay of the generated music. Results showed that the generated music was generally pleasing and harmonious, and that while players could not detect the details of how, they were able to detect a general relationship between themselves and the NPCs as reflected by the music.
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Ferreira, Lígia Lavezo [UNESP]. "Detecção do HPV por nPCR em leucoplasias bucais: estudo caso-controle." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115851.
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000796740.pdf: 844755 bytes, checksum: 57dac5aa0fed7a3e3886e9c2d4b0f257 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A leucoplasia bucal é considerada uma lesão cancerizável para o desenvolvimento do carcinoma espinocelular (CEC), e vários fatores de risco podem estar relacionados a essa carcinogênese, incluindo o papiloma vírus humano (HPV). Na mucosa bucal tem sido feita a associação da leucoplasia bucal com o HPV. O objetivo desse estudo foi detectar a presença do DNA do HPV em amostras de tecidos fresco, saliva, plasma e células exfoliadas orais, extraídas de pacientes com e sem leucoplasia bucal, analisadas através da técnica de nested PCR (nPCR). Para este estudo foram avaliados 32 pacientes portadores de leucoplasia bucal e 24 pacientes selecionados de forma caso-controle. Foi realizada a extração de DNA das amostras, e em seguida a sua amplificação através da PCR. A nPCR para detecção do HPV revelou a presença do vírus em 68,75% das amostras de tecido fresco, 50% no plasma, 28,1% no citobrush, 62,5% na saliva no grupo de pacientes com leucoplasia em comparação com 45,8%, 54,2%, 45,8%, 50% nas amostras de tecido fresco, plasma, citobrush e saliva do grupo controle respectivamente. Baseado no presente estudo o HPV poderia ser um co-fator etiológico na patogênese da leucoplasia oral.
The oral leukoplakia is considered as a pre-malignant lesion for the development of the oral squamous cell carcinoma, and several risk factors can be related to this carcinogenesis, including the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the main cause of cervix cancer, and your role in the oral carcinogenesis is still controversial. The aims of this study was to detect the presence of HPV DNA in fresh tissue samples, plasma and oral exfoliated cells extracted from patients 32 with oral leukoplakia, and 24 controls analyzed through the technique of nPCR and make a comparison among these biological materials sources. It was performed the extraction of DNA from 37 patients with oral leukoplakia, and amplification of the human ?-globin gene was carried out in all samples to confirm the presence and integrity of DNA. Nested PCR assays revealed the presence of HPV DNA in 68.75% of fresh tissue, 50.0% of plasma, 62.5% of saliva, and in 28.1% of oral exfoliated cells extracted from patients. Based on the current experiment, HPV could potentially be an etiologic co-factor in the pathogenesis of oral leukoplakia.
FAPESP: 11/17791-5
FAPESP: 11/05499-8
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Ferreira, Lígia Lavezo. "Detecção do HPV por nPCR em leucoplasias bucais : estudo caso-controle /." Araçatuba, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115851.
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Orientador: Glauco Issamu MiyaharaCoorientador: Cáris Maroni Nunes
Banca: Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira
Banca: Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen
Resumo: A leucoplasia bucal é considerada uma lesão cancerizável para o desenvolvimento do carcinoma espinocelular (CEC), e vários fatores de risco podem estar relacionados a essa carcinogênese, incluindo o papiloma vírus humano (HPV). Na mucosa bucal tem sido feita a associação da leucoplasia bucal com o HPV. O objetivo desse estudo foi detectar a presença do DNA do HPV em amostras de tecidos fresco, saliva, plasma e células exfoliadas orais, extraídas de pacientes com e sem leucoplasia bucal, analisadas através da técnica de nested PCR (nPCR). Para este estudo foram avaliados 32 pacientes portadores de leucoplasia bucal e 24 pacientes selecionados de forma caso-controle. Foi realizada a extração de DNA das amostras, e em seguida a sua amplificação através da PCR. A nPCR para detecção do HPV revelou a presença do vírus em 68,75% das amostras de tecido fresco, 50% no plasma, 28,1% no citobrush, 62,5% na saliva no grupo de pacientes com leucoplasia em comparação com 45,8%, 54,2%, 45,8%, 50% nas amostras de tecido fresco, plasma, citobrush e saliva do grupo controle respectivamente. Baseado no presente estudo o HPV poderia ser um co-fator etiológico na patogênese da leucoplasia oral.
Abstract: The oral leukoplakia is considered as a pre-malignant lesion for the development of the oral squamous cell carcinoma, and several risk factors can be related to this carcinogenesis, including the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the main cause of cervix cancer, and your role in the oral carcinogenesis is still controversial. The aims of this study was to detect the presence of HPV DNA in fresh tissue samples, plasma and oral exfoliated cells extracted from patients 32 with oral leukoplakia, and 24 controls analyzed through the technique of nPCR and make a comparison among these biological materials sources. It was performed the extraction of DNA from 37 patients with oral leukoplakia, and amplification of the human β-globin gene was carried out in all samples to confirm the presence and integrity of DNA. Nested PCR assays revealed the presence of HPV DNA in 68.75% of fresh tissue, 50.0% of plasma, 62.5% of saliva, and in 28.1% of oral exfoliated cells extracted from patients. Based on the current experiment, HPV could potentially be an etiologic co-factor in the pathogenesis of oral leukoplakia.
Mestre
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Ohrberg, Simon. "Recreating Believability In NPCs: The Effects Of Visual And Logical Behaviour." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20125.
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NPCs are in many games the foundation on which it operates. NPCs create the illusion of inhabitants or assign purpose to the player. Whatever they do, they represent characters. Introducing a character has a certain margin of error, as a poorly portrayed character may cause more damage than the NPC would add. Without creating a believable environment which would include the NPCs, immersion could be difficult. As such this thesis investigates the effect of different behaviours to NPCs. With the focus on how visual and logical behaviours affect the players’ perception of their believability. The experiment was conducted in a game of the RTS survival genre. With the visual behaviours selected from the games Banished[1] and Frostpunk [2] the logical behaviours were inspired by F.E.A.R [3]. In the experiment testers were used to test three versions of the artifact. The first acted as a default and was used as the starting point for the second version which introduced enhanced visual behaviours. The third continued and added a predictive functionality as logical behaviour. The tests concluded that the visual behaviours had a positive effect on perception but no conclusive evidence to suggest the logical behaviour had the same effect.
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Alkmyr, Camilla. "A study on how behaviours of NPCs influence the gaming experience." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20489.
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Denna uppsats har haft avsikten att studera hur NPC:ers agerande påverkar spelupplevelsen. NPC:er är de figurerna inom ett spel som inte är spelbara. Deras syfte är att skapa en trovärdig spelvärld och interagera med spelaren. Spelupplevelse innebär de känslor och tankar som spelare får under tiden de spelar. För att besvara uppsatsfrågan så studerades hur NPC:ers beteende påverkade spelarnas upplevelser genom observationer och enkäter. Under iakttagelserna så testades sex olika spel för att se hur deltagarna uppfattade NPC:ers olika agerande. Enkäten användes för att ge deltagarna utrymme att själva kunna tillföra sina egna tankar till hur de uppfattade de datorstyrda figurernas agerande. Överlag visade resultatet från både observationerna och enkäterna att det fanns delade meningar kring hur NPC:ernas agerande uppfattades. Testpersonernas uppfattningar skiljde sig åt både inom ett spel och mellan spelen. Samtidigt fanns det även beteenden som testgruppen hade samma åsikt kring. Exempelvis tyckte de flesta testpersoner att spelupplevelsen försämrades när NPC:erna inte försökte nå spelaren strategisk eller inte arbetade som en enhet. Uppsatsen visar att det är svårt att ta en fram en NPC som agerar på ett sätt som passar samtliga spelare. När ett nytt spel utvecklas läggs mycket fokus på att spelupplevelsen ska bli så bra som möjligt. Eftersom denna uppsats visar på att NPC:er har en inverkan på spelupplevelsen så är det viktigt att studera detta ämne vidare.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze in what way the gaming experience for the gamer is affected by the NPC´s behaviour. NPCs are characters in a game that the gamer himself cannot control. The main purpose with adding NPCs into a game is to create a more realistic world and for them to interact with the gamer. Gaming experience is concerning the emotions and thoughts that the gamer has while playing the game. In order to be able to answer the questions posed in this thesis, questionnaires and observations was conducted to study how the NPCs behaviour affected the players´ gaming experience negatively or positively. During these observations, six different games were tested to see how the players reacted to the NPC´s behaviours and actions. The questionnaire was used as a tool for the players to be able to express their feelings and thoughts about the computer-controlled characters. The result from both the observation and the questionnaire shows that the participating people´s thoughts about the behaviours of the NPCs vary greatly. These differences could be found both concerning one specific game but also between games. On the other hand, there were specific behaviours that the participating people agreed upon. For example, a majority of the people thought that if NPCs did not try to get to the gamer in a more strategic way or if they did not work as a unit, lead to a negative gaming experience for the gamer. The conclusion of this thesis is that creating a NPC who has behaviour traits which suit all types of gamers is a very difficult task. The main focus of a new game in development is to create the best gaming experience possible for the gamer. This thesis shows the importance that the effect of the NPC´s behaviour has on the gaming experience and therefore it is a subject that is important to study more closely.
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Larsson, Johannes. "Småprat i spel : Relationen mellan spelare och NPC." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6326.
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Relationen mellan spelare och system-styrda spelkaraktärer är viktig för spelupplevelsen (Freeman, 2004), men ignoreras alltför ofta. Detta examensarbete undersöker om denna relation kan stärkas med hjälp av småprat och ”conversational storytelling”. För att komma fram till ett svar definieras begrepp som dialog, småprat och relationer i bakgrunden. Vad som definierar en djup karaktär tas också upp, eftersom djupa karaktärer krävs för att väcka emotionell respons hos spelare (Adams & Rollings, 2007). Två textbaserade spel skapades, ett som innehöll småprat och ett som inte gjorde det, för att se huruvida småprat gav någon stärkt effekt på relationen mellan spelare och system-styrda spelkaraktärer och därigenom en bättre spelupplevelse. När mätningarna var gjorda märktes inga tydliga skillnader. Båda spelen gav data som tydde på att relationer mellan spelare och ”non-player characters” uppkommit och stärkts lika mycket.
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Cicconi, Valentina <1996>. "The role of NPL during covid-19 crisis." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21661.
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Surely 2020 will be a year that will not be easily forgotten. The start of the new year was ushered in by the news that in the city of Wuhan, health authorities had identified the first cases of patients showing symptoms of severe pneumonia of unknown causes. A few days later it was discovered that the virus has animal origin, generates acute respiratory infections and is subsequently called Covid-19 (COrona VIrus Desease 2019)
In the space of a few weeks the covid has spread almost all over the world, first touching Thailand, and then arriving in Italy and in many other countries until March 11, 2020 the Director General of the WHO officially declares that the coronavirus epidemic is a pandemic.
Soon every country began to adopt interpersonal distancing measures to avoid situations that could be the source of transmission of the virus such as: suspension of school activities, stop to recreational and meeting activities, closure of shops, bars, cinemas, theatres and production activities: the whole world has almost stopped and this had a dramatic impact on the world economic system.
Unlike previous crises, in the one caused by Covid 19, the banking system is not at the root of the problem, but wants to be part of the solution and an important collective effort is being made in this regard.
The ECB and other supervisory and regulatory authorities have accepted the challenge by adapting their supervisory strategy to changing circumstances. After the shock, the banking union was able to give a rapid, unified and unprecedented response.
The ECB has undertaken a set of rules aimed at avoiding economic collapse so that they could be used as an example to prevent similar scenarios in the future. Among the various measures taken, the one on which my work is based is the granting of temporary flexibility with regard to non-performing loans (NPLs).
The overall objective of the strategy is to eliminate NPLs from banks' balance sheets, while providing sufficient collateral for borrowers and ensuring an appropriate balance between the interests of creditors and borrowers.
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Clark, Emily. "Involvement of the lysosomal protein NPC1 in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111724/.
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Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease, with cognitive, motor and psychiatric defects and no known therapy. Altered lipid metabolism and lysosomal dysfunction have been seen in Huntington's disease (HD), including lysosomal expansion, a key feature of a type of disease known as lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). HD shares similarities with one LSD in particular, Niemann- Pick type C (NPC), suggesting common mechanisms. We have identified NPC-like phenotypes in HD models, including lipid storage, trafficking defects, and lysosomal Ca2+ dysfunction, and the NPC protein NPC1 directly interacts with both normal and mutant huntingtin. We therefore tested the approved NPC therapy miglustat in HD models, and found beneficial effects. Lipid trafficking, Ca2+ signalling and lysosomal storage phenotypes in HD iPSC-derived neuronal cells were improved after miglustat treatment, and climbing ability in Drosophila melanogaster HD models was partially improved. Nucleic acid vectors are an essential tool in HD research and therapy. Lipid- and polymer-based vectors enter the cell via the endocytic system, and may cause altered function. Use of these vectors alone induced lysosomal expansion, phospholipid storage, and altered expression of endocytic proteins, potentially producing artefacts or interfering with delivery of therapies. We have found evidence that HD has lysosomal storage defects which may be due to disruption of NPC1, a previously unidentified component of HD pathology. Our observations also support the theory that huntingtin may be associated with the lysosome under normal as well as pathogenic conditions. The presence of related mechanisms in these two diseases suggests that knowledge from NPC and the LSD field may be useful in HD, and we have demonstrated that the NPC1 therapy miglustat is beneficial in HD models, a finding which will be developed to therapeutic tests in HD patients.
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Awan, Sara. "Rôle de Wnt5a dans la fonction lysosomale, l’accumulation intracellulaire du cholestérol, et l’athérosclérose." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ022.
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Nous avons identifié, un ligand de Wnt, Wnt5a, comme faisant partie intégrante du complexe mTORC1, qui régule la fonction lysosomal et favorise le trafic intracellulaire du cholestérol. En diminuant l’activité de mTORC1 et en activant l’axe autophagie-lysosome, Wnt5a adapte les concentration du cholestérol intracellualire aux besoins de la cellule. Wnt5a favorise l’export du cholestérol depuis les endosomal/lysosomal (LELs) vers le réticulum endoplasmique (RE), limite l’accumulation intracellulaire du cholestérol, et protège contre l’athérosclérose. D’un point de vue mécanistique, Wnt5a se lie aux membranes riches en cholestérol et interagit spécifiquement avec la protéine membranaire Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), la protéine soluble Niemann-Pick C2 (NPC2), deux protéines lysosomales qui régulent l’export du cholestérol à partir des LELs. En conséquence, l’absence de Wnt5a inhibe la fonction lysosomale et l’autophagie, ainsi que la sortie du cholesterol hors des LELs. Ceci resulte en l’accumulation de larges corps d’inclusion intracellulaires, de larges LELs riches en cholestérol, d’une diminution du cholestérol au niveau du REWe identified the Wnt ligand, Wnt5a, as a member of the nutrient/energy/stress sensor, mTORC1 scaffolding complex, which drives lysosomal function and promotes cholesterol trafficking. By decreasing mTORC1 activity and by activating the autophagy-lysosomal axis, Wnt5a senses changes in dietary cholesterol supply, promotes endosomal/lysosomal (LELs) cholesterol egress to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and protects against atherosclerosis. Moreover, Wnt5a binds cholesterol-rich membranes and specifically interacts with two lysosomal proteins Niemann–Pick C1 and Niemann–Pick C2 that regulate cholesterol export from LELs. Consequently, absence of Wnt5a decoupled mTORC1 from variations in LELs sterol levels, and this resulted in accumulation of large intracellular inclusion bodies, large LELs and low ER cholesterol
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Rabut, Gwénaël. "Dynamique de l'organisation des pores nucléaires." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066278.
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Sparrer, Tavis H. "Reversal of the NPC Phenotype by START Domain Proteins." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5005.
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Niemann Pick Type C (NPC) disease is a fatal childhood neurological disease caused by mutations in the NPC-1 protein, resulting in cholesterol buildup in the late endosomes. StarD4 and StarD5 are cholesterol binding proteins that play a role in the intracellular cholesterol transport. In this study we overexpress StarD4 and StarD5 in in vitro and in vivo models, and find evidence of amelioration of the NPC phenotype. This study demonstrates that the overexpression of these proteins has the potential to be a therapeutic treatment for NPC disease.
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Dury, Martin. "Development of the NPL wide-area MIR calibration source." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555860.
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A portable large area specular-diffuse secondary radiance transfer standard developed for the in-field calibration of remote sensing instrumentation for hot gas emission spectroscopy was designed, produced and characterised to a limited budget. The cavity has an aperture diameter of 102 mm was designed to have a known spectral radiance with a 1 % uncertainty in the 2.5 urn to 14 μm wavelength range. The prototype cavity is based around a grooved base that is electrically heated to temperatures up to 1000 K. The base has been applied with a high emittance coating, which was selected after extensive testing and does not deteriorate after repeated heating. Highly reflective walls surround the emitting base and are water-cooled. '. Coating selection was determined through reflectance measurements of both highly emitting and highly reflective coatings that were performed across the spectral range from 0.3 μm to 14 μm. The reflectance data was subsequently input into black body modelling software and Monte Carlo calculations were performed to optimise the design of the cavity. Problems regarding the heating elements within the emitting base lead to the development of a cost effective solution. Characterisation of the cavity was performed at a wavelength of 800 nm using filter radiometers. Large temperature discrepancies were observed across the cavity aperture and a correction factor was implemented to determine the temperature distribution across the cavity. The temperature distributions were input into black body modelling software and the cavity performance simulated. Radiance measurements of the cavity were performed using an FTIR spectrometer and the cavity emissivity determined to be 0.98 (±0.04) in the wavelength interval from 3.64 to 3.65 μm (the wavenumber interval from 2747 cm-I to 2740 cm").
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Hu, Chunfang. "Genetic and gene expression analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1063/.
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We examined both the chromosomal copy number changes and differential RNA expression profiles in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Gene expression profiles identified a large number of differentially regulated genes involved in diverse functional processes, while genetic analysis detected extensive genomic abnormalities including large and small, discrete regions of copy number change and loci that exhibit uniparental disomy (UPD). The relationship between chromosomal copy number and level of gene expression were analysed. This revealed that the direct copy number/expression link applies in about 60% of the instances of copy number loss/down-expression and less than 35% of instances of copy number gain/up-expression that were examined. Signalling pathway analysis revealed that numerous components involved in the TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways were universally upregulated in NPC tumours, and gene expression pattern of the C666-1 cell line approximated to other NPC tumours, indicating that it is a good tumour model. A preliminary in vitro investigation of signalling pathways revealed that the C666-1 cell line is intact in the activin and Hh signalling pathways but not in the TGF-β pathway. However, the C666-1 cells appear to resist activin-mediated cell growth inhibition
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David, Cintia de. "Detecção de nano-partículas calcificantes (NPC) em materiais biológicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8667.
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Nanobactérias (NB) são estruturas não convencionais, com tamanho de 100 a 1000 vezes menor do que bactérias comuns; além disso, sua taxa de crescimento é muito lenta, o que torna sua detecção difícil pelos métodos convencionais. Estas estruturas têm sido isoladas do meio ambiente e, também, em amostras de sangue e urina de animais e humanos, com um envoltório de apatita (fosfato de cálcio) em sua parede celular, relacionando-as à formação de cálculos renais e de outras calcificações patológicas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar diversos materiais biológicos por diferentes metodologias para se verificar a presença de estruturas morfologicamente semelhantes a NB, às quais denominamos de Nano-Partículas Calcificantes (NPC), além de padronizar um teste de ELISA para detecção de anticorpos contra estas estruturas. As amostras foram analisadas utilizando-se as técnicas de microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, imunofluorescência indireta e ELISA. O uso de microscopia ótica e eletrônica permitiu a observação de partículas com morfologia muito semelhante às NB nas amostras de linhagens celulares, de soro fetal bovino comercial e de cálculos renais humanos. Utilizando-se soros de animais imunizados com NPC, resultados preliminares evidenciaram que o teste de ELISA mostrou boa especificidade.Nanobacteria (NB) are unconventional agents, 100 to 1000-fold smaller than common bacteria; furthermore, their multiplication rate is very slow, making their detection difficult using standard microbiological methods. These structures have been isolated as from environment as human and animal blood and urine. They produce a carbonate apatite (calcium phosphate) layer and they have been associated to kidney stone formation and other pathological calcifications. The aims of this study were analyze various biological materials using different methods to verify the presence of these structures morphologically similar to NB, named as Calcifing Nano-Particles (CNP), and to develop an ELISA test to detect antibodies against these structures. The samples were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunossorbent assay (ELISA). The optical and electron microscopy allowed us to observe particles with morphology closely similar to NB on cell lineages, commercial fetal bovine sera and human kidney stones samples. Using sera collected from animal immunized with CNP, preliminary results displayed a good specificity of ELISA test.
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Ralaivao, Rajaonimaria Hugues. "Commande des structures matricielles multiniveaux : application au convertisseur NPC." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-455.pdf.
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Le travail présenté dans ce rapport est une approche globale à la modélisation et à la commande des structures matricielles multiniveaux. A partir de la représentation matricielle, il est nécessaire d'établir le modèle de commande de la partie opérative en tenant compte de la nature des sources et de la structure N. P. C. Caractérisant le convertisseur. Des stratégies de commande pour un onduleur multiniveau monophasé et un onduleur multiniveau triphasé sont présentées. La représentation sous forme de graphe informationnel de causalité met en évidence la nature de chaque processeur élémentaire et leur interconnexion. L'inversion de ce graphe détermine l'architecture de l'axe de commande. Le deuxième chapitre traite de la commande d'un onduleur monophasé avec potentiel distribué fixe comprenant l'asservissement de la tension alternative. Il est à noter que le nombre de grandeurs de réglage devient supérieur au nombre de grandeurs à asservir, ce qui laisse place à de nombreux degrés de liberté pour la commande de cette structure. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions le même onduleur relié à deux condensateurs mis en série. Ces derniers sont alimentés à partir d'une source unique de courant. Un double asservissement est alors effectué, l'asservissement de la tension alternative et l'autorégulation du potentiel distribué. Des résultats expérimentaux concernant ces deux structures sont présentés. Le quatrième chapitre présente une extension des deux commandes (commande pour la structure avec potentiel distribué fixe et pour la structure avec potentiel distribué autorégulé) à l'onduleur triphasé.
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Jacoboski, Marcos José. "Conversor CC-CC isolado duplo NPC com comutação suave." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/157296.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Florianópolis, 2015.Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-22T03:04:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 336607.pdf: 20076045 bytes, checksum: 6c4d75b14fc1dbf51c92359e068f36d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
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Bolling, Maxine. "NPC:er och ansiktsbehåring : Spelares uppfattning av NPC-funktion i relation till ansiktsbehåring." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13618.
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Detta är en studie vilken har undersökt spelares uppfattning av en NPC:s funktion i en fiktiv 1800-talskontext i relation till NPC:ens ansiktsbehåring. Människor har genom tiderna kategoriserat individer i form av stereotyper baserat på visuella aspekter, så som bland annat ansiktsbehåring. Stereotyper förväntas bete sig enligt specifika regler, och om en karaktär inte beter sig som dess publik förväntar sig uppstår dissonans (Loyall, 1997). Undersökningens artefakt bestod av en serie porträtt föreställandes en och samma NPC men med varierande uppsättningar ansiktsbehåring. Studiens respondenter ombads tilldela vart porträtt en NPC-funktion baserade på Bartles (2004) lista med NPC-funktioner. Resultatet visade på trender där ett fåtal funktioner föredrogs för var form av ansiktsbehåring. I framtida arbeten skulle andra kontexter kunna undersökas. Även mer avancerade undersökningar skulle kunna genomföras där NPC:erna placeras i en spelsimulation.
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Takecian, Pedro Losco. "ACP e LOTOS: um estudo comparativo baseado em conceitos de BPEL e padrões de controle de fluxo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-11092008-103831/.
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Recentemente, várias abordagens estão sendo propostas na área de modelagem de processos de negócio. Dentre elas estão as linguagens BPEL e NPDL. BPEL é uma linguagem de representação e execução de processos de negócio que se mostrou bastante expressiva e uma forte candidata a padrão de mercado. NPDL é uma linguagem de definição de processos de negócio baseada em uma extensão de álgebra de processos chamada ACP. NPDL possui uma ferramenta capaz de interpretar e controlar a execução de processos de negócio chamada de NavigationPlanTool. A tradução de processos BPEL para expressões NPDL tem como objetivo fornecer aos processos descritos em BPEL um ambiente de controle e execução baseado em um formalismo algébrico. Entretanto, isso não é uma tarefa fácil. A presença de conceitos em BPEL que não são mapeáveis para NPDL faz com que grande parte da expressividade de BPEL se perca na tradução. Essa perda se dá pela limitação da própria ACP, na qual NPDL se baseia. Para sanar essa dificuldade, surgiu a idéia de estender ou trocar a base algébrica da NPDL. Substituindo a ACP por outro arcabouço algébrico ou incorporando idéias de outras álgebras, seria possível tornar a NPDL mais próxima de BPEL, facilitando, assim, o trabalho de mapeamento. Dentre os arcabouços formais disponíveis, LOTOS tem se mostrado uma interessante alternativa à ACP como base para a NPDL. Para comprovar os benefícios da utilização de conceitos de LOTOS na NPDL ou, até mesmo, de uma troca da base algébrica da NPDL de ACP para LOTOS, este trabalho faz um estudo comparativo entre esses dois formalismos algébricos, buscando encontrar a álgebra com maior expressividade e que represente melhor os conceitos presentes em BPEL. Para essa comparação, serão utilizados os principais conceitos existentes na linguagem BPEL, bem como os Padrões de Controle de Fluxo de Workflow. Não pertence ao escopo deste trabalho a implementação da NPDL usando LOTOS como base formal.Recently, several approaches are being proposed in the business process modeling area. Among them are BPEL and NPDL languages. BPEL is a business process representation and execution language that has showed itself to be very expressive and a strong candidate to market reference. NPDL is a business process definition language based on a process algebra extension called ACP. NPDL has a tool called NavigationPlanTool that is able to interpret and control the business processes execution. The translation from BPEL processes to NPDL expressions aims to provide to BPEL processes a control and execution environment based on an algebraic foundation. However, this is not an easy task. Due to the translation, the presence of BPEL concepts that can´t be mapped to NPDL results in a heavy BPEL expressiveness loss. This loss occurs by the limitation of ACP, in which NPDL is based on. To solve this problem, the idea of extending or replacing the NPDL algebraic base has appeared. Replacing ACP with other algebraic framework or incorporating ideas from other algebras, could make NPDL closer to BPEL, turning the mapping work easier. Among the formal frameworks available, LOTOS has showed itself an interesting alternative to ACP as an NPDL basis. To prove the benefits of using LOTOS concepts in NPDL, or even exchanging the NPDL algebraic base from ACP to LOTOS, this work presents a comparative study between these two algebraic foundations, trying to find the most expressive algebra and the one that best represents the BPEL concepts. For this comparison, the BPEL main concepts and the Workflow Control-Flow Patterns will be used. The NPDL implementation using LOTOS as formal foundation is out of the scope of this work.
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Castaldini, Christian. "Il mercato NPL: analisi econometrica d'impatto delle operazioni di cessione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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La risoluzione della problematica dei non-performing loans (NPL) rappresenta ad oggi per il settore bancario europeo uno dei temi di maggior rilievo, nonché uno dei principali lasciti del duplice periodo di recessione. Il percorso di riduzione intrapreso negli ultimi anni sta vedendo nelle cessioni uno strumento particolarmente efficace per una rapida dismissione di tali asset, in un contesto di crescente sviluppo del mercato secondario del credito. Il significativo sconto richiesto dagli investitori in questa tipologia di operazioni, tuttavia, si è riflesso in particolari oneri a carico degli enti, specialmente per quelli che utilizzano modelli avanzati di rating interni (AIRB) per la valutazione del rischio di credito. I minori recuperi associati alle posizioni cedute comportano un peggioramento nelle stime del parametro di rischio Loss Given Default (LGD), impattando conseguentemente il capitale di vigilanza. Il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare la tematica dei non-performing loans offrendo innanzitutto un quadro delle maggiori cause e conseguenze sul sistema bancario, discutendo inoltre le metodologie di gestione che il contesto attuale richiede. Si analizzeranno in seguito le dinamiche in atto nel mercato secondario del credito, italiano ed europeo, assieme alle principali criticità in termini di efficienza, le prospettive future e gli strumenti introdotti. La trattazione si focalizzerà quindi sugli impatti che le operazioni di cessione comportano sulle stime LGD e sul requisito patrimoniale, così come i meccanismi in gioco e i temi particolarmente dibattuti. Si presenteranno in questo ambito i principali approcci metodologici di inclusione delle cessioni nei modelli LGD, analizzando quantitativamente un’applicazione concreta e valutandone gli impatti complessivi.
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Ali, Ziad. "The role of nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, nPC, in mastication." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0015/MQ37317.pdf.
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Vrentzos, Nick. "The role of nucleus reticularis Pontis Caudalis, nPC, in mastication." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0025/MQ50900.pdf.
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Ali, Ziad 1974. "The role of nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (nPC) in mastication /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21659.
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Nakamura and Katakura (1995) suggested that the brainstem neuronal circuitry required for mastication pattern generation is set up in series (i.e.: one nucleus relaying onto the next nucleus in a chain-like fashion). In their model, the ventral region of the midline reticular formation (RF) formed the first stage. This was driven tonically by contralateral monosynaptic corticobulbar inputs. In their turn, these neurons drove neurons in the more dorsal nucleus gigantocellularis to become phasically active. These were thought to project to pre-motor neurons in the caudal parvocellular RF that then projected to MoV. Our data revealed that cortical information reached both dorsal and ventral medial brainstem areas in the nucleus Pontis Caudalis (nPC) with similar latencies of about 5.8ms. Thus, we suggest a model that cortical information enters the brainstem in a parallel fashion, and that cortical inputs are not preferentially distributed to ventral nPC. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Brückner, Thomas [Verfasser]. "The Active NPC Converter for Medium-Voltage Drives / Thomas Brückner." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1170535658/34.
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Cossetti, Chiara. "Characterization of neural stem/precursosr cell (NPC) immuno modulatory properties." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62275.
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Barreto, Eduardo Maldaun. ""Inversor multinível NPC monofásico com comutação suave e grampeamento ativo"." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1854.
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This work present a study of a three level NPC (Neutral Point Clamped), with ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control strategy, using a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) for digital control and switches activation. First, a theoretical study is done, where the main waveforms and operation stages are presented. After, a quantitative study is done in order to implement the NPC inverter. Based on the calculations, the mathematical models for each inverter section are extracted to implement the digital control. The project data is then compiled and simulated on Orcad Pspice and Simulink software. Finally, an 1.5 kW, 800 V input voltage, 127 V or 220 V output voltage, and 200 kHz switching frequency is implemented and the experimental results are compared with theoretical and simulated results
Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de um inversor NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) a três níveis com comutação suave ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) e controle PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), fazendo o uso de uma lógica programável do tipo FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) para controle e acionamento das chaves. Inicialmente é feito um estudo qualitativo do inversor, onde as principais formas de onda e etapas de operação são apresentadas, a seguir são estudados os aspectos quantitativos para, desta forma, efetuar o projeto do inversor. Com o inversor definido, todos os modelos matemáticos de todos os circuitos necessários para se realizar o controle digital do inversor são apresentados, assim como o projeto de um controlador digital. Utilizando os dados de projeto do inversor NPC ZVS PWM e controle, os resultados de simulações feitas nos programas Orcad Pspice e Simulink são obtidos. Por fim, um protótipo de 1,5 kW, 800 V de tensão de entrada, 127 V ou 220 V de tensão de saída e 200 kHz de frequência de comutação é montado e os resultados experimentais são avaliados e comparados com os previamente obtidos numericamente e por simulação.
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Jiao, Yang. "High Power High Frequency 3-level NPC Power Conversion System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56653.
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The high penetration of renewable energy and the emerging concept of micro-grid system raises challenges to the high power conversion techniques. Multilevel converter plays the key role in such applications and is studied in detail in the dissertation.
The topologies and modulation techniques for multilevel converter are categorized at first by a thorough literature survey. The pros and cons for various multilevel topologies and modulation techniques are discussed. The 3-level neutral point clamped (NPC) topology is selected to build a 200kVA, 20 kHz power conversion system.
The modularized phase leg building block of the converter is carefully designed to achieve low loss and stress for high frequency and high power operation. The switching characteristics for all the commutation loops of 3-level phase leg are evaluated by double pulse tests. The switching performance is optimized for loss and stress tradeoff. A detailed loss model is built for system loss distribution and loss breakdown calculation. Loss and stress for the phase leg and 3-phase system are quantified at all power factors.
The space vector modulation (SVM) for 3-level NPC converter is investigated to achieve loss reduction, neutral voltage balance and noise reduction. The loss model and simulation model provides a quantitative analysis for loss and neutral voltage ripple tradeoff. An improved SVM method is proposed to reduce NP imbalance and switching loss simultaneously. This method also ensures an evenly distributed device loss in each phase leg and gives a constant system efficiency under different power factors.
Based on the improved modulation strategy, a new modulation scheme is then proposed with largely reduced conduction loss and switching stress. Moreover, the device loss and stress distribution on a phase leg is more even. This scheme also features on the simplified implementation. The improved switching characteristics for the proposed method are verified by double pulse tests. Also the system loss breakdown and the phase leg loss distribution analysis shows the loss reduction and redistribution result.
The harmonic filter for the grid interface converter is designed with LCL topology. A detailed inductor current ripple analysis derives the maximum inductor current ripple and the ripple distribution in a line cycle. The inverter side inductor is designed with the optimum loss and size trade-off. The grid side inductor is designed based on grid code attenuation requirement. Different damping circuits for LCL filter are evaluated in detail. The filter design is verified by both simulation and hardware experiment.
The average model for the 3-level NPC converter and its equivalent circuit is derived with the consideration of damping circuit in both ABC and d-q frame. The modeling and control loop design is verified by transfer function measurement on real hardware. The control loops design is also tested and verified on real hardware.
The interleaved DC/DC chopper is introduced at last. The different interleaving methods and their current ripple are analyzed in detail with the coupled and non-coupled inductor. An integrated coupled inductor based on 3-dimentional core structure is proposed to achieve high power density and provide both CM and DM impedance for the inductor current and output current.Ph. D.
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Gaudl, Swen. "Design and refinement of NPC rules in digital board games." [Ilmenau] [Univ.-Bibliothek], 2009. http://d-nb.info/995970564/34.
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Cossetti, Chiara. "Characterization of neural stem/precursosr cell (NPC) immuno modulatory properties." Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62275.
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Häuser, Christin [Verfasser], and Malte [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchholz. "Funktionelle Charakterisierung der Gene NPC2 und ADRBK1 im Pankreaskarzinom / Christin Häuser ; Betreuer: Malte Buchholz." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159702497/34.
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Вецнер, Юлана Ігорівна. "Технологія NPCа-добрив з використанням карбаміду та фосфоритів з низьким вмістом фосфору (V) оксиду." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/18482.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.01 – технологія неорганічних речовин. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2015.
Дисертацію присвячено розробці наукових основ технології комплексних NPCa-добрив з мікроелементами із залученням фосфоровмісної сировини з низьким вмістом фосфору (V) оксиду. Вперше на основі термодинамічних розрахунків, експериментальних досліджень та рентгенофазових аналізів визначено перелік реакцій, що перебігають в процесі взаємодії карбаміду з нітратно-кислотною витяжкою (НКВ). Визначено технологічні параметри взаємодії карбаміду з НКВ та процесу амонізації NPCа-добрив, а також розроблено принципову схему, яка дозволяє отримати низку комплексних NPCa-добрив з мікроелементами по безвідходній технології із залученням фосфоровмісної сировини України з низьким вмістом фосфору (V) оксиду. Встановлено, що взаємодія карбаміду з НКВ відбувається у кінетичній області та створено кінетичну модель процесу, знайдено константи швидкості, енергію активації. Створена математична модель, яка дозволяє розрахувати технологічні параметри процесу і хімічний реактор синтезу. Отримане комплексне NPCa-добриво з мікроелементами завдяки високому вмісту водорозчинної та засвоюваної форм Р₂О₅ та СаО при агрохімічних випробуваннях у Національному науковому центрі "Інститут ґрунтознавства і агрохімії імені О. Н. Соколовського" показало на підвищення врожайності овочевих культур до 12 ÷ 30 %. Доведено їх економічну доцільність.Dissertation for degree of candidate of technical sciences, specialty 05.17.01 - Technology of inorganic substances. - National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2015. Dissertation is devoted to development of scientific bases of technology NPCa - involving phosphorus fertilizer raw materials with low content of phosphorus (V) oxide. For the first time on the basis of thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies, X-ray analysis of a list of reactions in the process of interaction with the urea nitrogen - acid extract (NAE). Defined technological parameters of the interaction of urea with nitrogen - acid extract and ammoniation process NPCa-fertilizers and developed concept that allows you to receive a number of complex NPCa-fertilizer with trace elements of non-waste technology using phosphorus-containing raw materials in Ukraine are low in phosphorus (V) oxide. It was found that the interaction of urea with the nitrogen - acid extract is happening in the kinetic region, established kinetic model of the process, found the rate constants, activation energy. A mathematical model that allows you to calculate the technological parameters of the process and the chemical synthesis reactor. The resulting complex NPCa - fertilizer with trace elements due to the high content of water-soluble and digestible forms of Р₂О₅ and CaO in the agro-chemical tests at the National Scientific Center "Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry named after Sokolovsky" has shown an increase in crop yields of up to 12 ÷ 30 %. Prove their economic viability.
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Вецнер, Юлана Ігорівна. "Технологія NPCа-добрив з використанням карбаміду та фосфоритів з низьким вмістом фосфору (V) оксиду." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/18483.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.01 – технологія неорганічних речовин. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2015. Дисертацію присвячено розробці наукових основ технології комплексних NPCa-добрив з мікроелементами із залученням фосфоровмісної сировини з низьким вмістом фосфору (V) оксиду. Вперше на основі термодинамічних розрахунків, експериментальних досліджень та рентгенофазових аналізів визначено перелік реакцій, що перебігають в процесі взаємодії карбаміду з нітратно-кислотною витяжкою (НКВ). Визначено технологічні параметри взаємодії карбаміду з НКВ та процесу амонізації NPCа-добрив, а також розроблено принципову схему, яка дозволяє отримати низку комплексних NPCa-добрив з мікроелементами по безвідходній технології із залученням фосфоровмісної сировини України з низьким вмістом фосфору (V) оксиду. Встановлено, що взаємодія карбаміду з НКВ відбувається у кінетичній області та створено кінетичну модель процесу, знайдено константи швидкості, енергію активації. Створена математична модель, яка дозволяє розрахувати технологічні параметри процесу і хімічний реактор синтезу. Отримане комплексне NPCa-добриво з мікроелементами завдяки високому вмісту водорозчинної та засвоюваної форм Р₂О₅ та СаО при агрохімічних випробуваннях у Національному науковому центрі "Інститут ґрунтознавства і агрохімії імені О. Н. Соколовського" показало на підвищення врожайності овочевих культур до 12 ÷ 30 %. Доведено їх економічну доцільність.Dissertation for degree of candidate of technical sciences, specialty 05.17.01 - Technology of inorganic substances. - National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2015. Dissertation is devoted to development of scientific bases of technology NPCa - involving phosphorus fertilizer raw materials with low content of phosphorus (V) oxide. For the first time on the basis of thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies, X-ray analysis of a list of reactions in the process of interaction with the urea nitrogen - acid extract (NAE). Defined technological parameters of the interaction of urea with nitrogen - acid extract and ammoniation process NPCa-fertilizers and developed concept that allows you to receive a number of complex NPCa-fertilizer with trace elements of non-waste technology using phosphorus-containing raw materials in Ukraine are low in phosphorus (V) oxide. It was found that the interaction of urea with the nitrogen - acid extract is happening in the kinetic region, established kinetic model of the process, found the rate constants, activation energy. A mathematical model that allows you to calculate the technological parameters of the process and the chemical synthesis reactor. The resulting complex NPCa - fertilizer with trace elements due to the high content of water-soluble and digestible forms of Р₂О₅ and CaO in the agro-chemical tests at the National Scientific Center "Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry named after Sokolovsky" has shown an increase in crop yields of up to 12 ÷ 30 %. Prove their economic viability.
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Silva, Tiago Lemes da. "Estudo do inversor monofásico NPC T-Type de cinco níveis para processamento de energia solar fotovoltaica." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2080.
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The main subject of this work is the study of a 5 levels T-Type NPC inverter topology, which is applied in photovoltaic energy processing for power generation. The grid power injection is done controlling converter current, which is injected into grid. This work presents equations, component-designs and their validation, which are necessary for the Inverter s power structure implementation. Also inverter modeling and design of implemented controllers are described. Through this study, it was possible to build a 3 kW prototype, which besides the current control, has a system to balance the differential voltage of bus capacitors. Through the prototype, experimental results were acquired.
O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a topologia inversora NPC T-Type 5 níveis, aplicada no processamento da energia fotovoltaica, sendo o principal objetivo a geração de energia elétrica por meio do controle da corrente aplicada à rede. Este trabalho apresenta o equacionamento, projeto dos componentes e sua validação, que fazem parte da estrutura de potência do inversor, bem como a sua modelagem e projeto dos controladores implementados. Por intermédio deste estudo foi possível construir um protótipo com potência nominal de 3 kW, que além do controle da corrente, apresenta uma malha de equilíbrio da tensão diferencial do barramento. Mediante construção desse protótipo, foram extraídos os resultados experimentais.
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Sala, Vicenç M. "Disseny òptim d'amplificadors d'audio commutats DCI-NPC d'alta potència i qualitat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285007.
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Class-D Amplification has been an absolute improvement in terms of electrical efficiency in audio amplification systems, but it has been during the first stabilization decade of this technology in the market when manufacturers have made public their concern about the incompatibility between distributed audio or PA (Public Address) applications and HiFi or Professional sound applications. High quality sound systems need switching frequencies (>1MHz) whose switching losses do not allow to work at high power (>250W). To the contrary, applications for high power amplification need high electrical efficiency, so the switching frequencies must be set to low values (<400kHz), reducing the signal quality. This incompatibility is called Power-Quality Compromise. The Characteristics of the Multilevel Topologies of DC-AC power electronic converters allow them to work at high power (increasing the working voltage) while maintaining or even increasing the quality of the output signal using the extra levels in the PWM output signal. The application of these topologies in the world of sound amplification could lead to the resolution of the Quality-Power Compromise and so, the main problem of the Class-D amplifiers. In the first place, this Thesis proposes the study of the Multilevel Topologies in order to determine the one who shows better features and feasibility, in terms of implementation as a Switching Audio Amplifier. Having determined the Optimal Topology, it is proposed to study, characterize and model the non-ideal phenomena and those mechanisms who generate Time and Pulse Width errors in the PWM output signals of the Amplifier Topology selected. Using these models, the effects of the errors in the output signals are studied by means of computer simulation, expressing these effects using non normative merit factors. These merit factors, unlike regulations, allow to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the degree of involvement of each one of the different error sources intrinsic to the design and topology. From these results it can be developed Estimation Models of the Non Normative Merit Factors, which allow to calculate the values of the Width Error and Distortion, local or total, generated by any source of error in the Amplification Sound Chain. In order to express this information in normative values, Estimation Models of Electric Efficiency, Distortion (THD) and Signal Efficiency are developed from the estimated non normative values of Width Error Distortion. These estimation models provide an information that, once ordered and classified in order to be used as a tool in the different levels of the design process, production and marketing of Switching Amplifier Equipment, allow the optimal component selection in the pre-design phase and the decision-making process to ensure the future validation of the Multilevel Switching Amplifier under market regulatory criteria. The Estimation models of the Width and Distortion Errors and the estimation models of the Electrical Efficiency, Distortion and Signal have been validated through the comparison with experimental results from a laboratory prototype and an industrial manufacturing prototype, designed by a company in the sector using the Optimal Design Tools based on the Estimation Models developed in this Thesis. The experimental results confirm that the normative values measured of the Electrical Efficiency, Distortion and Signal Efficiency are within the acceptable values for the commercialization of the equipment.L'amplificació en Classe-D ha suposat una millora absoluta en quant a eficiència elèctrica en els sistemes d'amplificació d'àudio, però ha estat durant la primera dècada d'estabilització d'aquesta tecnologia al mercat, quan els fabricants han fet pública la seva preocupació per la incompatibilitat entre aplicacions de so distribuït o PA (Public Addres) i so HiFi o Professional. Els sistemes d'alta qualitat de so, necessiten de freqüències de commutació (>1MHz) per les quals les pèrdues en commutació no permeten treballar a potències elevades (>250W). Per al contrari, per aplicacions d'amplificació de so de potència es necessita d'alta eficiència elèctrica, amb el que les freqüències de commutació han de quedar fixades a valors baixos (<400kHz), reduint la qualitat del senyal. Aquesta incompatibilitat d'aplicacions s'anomena Compromís Qualitat-Potència. Les topologies Multinivell de convertidors electrònics de potència DC-AC, per les seves característiques, permeten treballar a gran potència (augmentant la tensió de treball), mantenint o augmentant la qualitat del senyal de sortida mitjançant els nivells extra en el senyal PWM de sortida. L'aplicació d'aquestes topologies en el mon de l'Amplificació de So, podria suposar la resolució del compromís Qualitat-Potència, i per tant de la principal problemàtica que presenta la Classe-D. Aquesta Tesis proposa en primer lloc l'estudi de les topologies Multinivell per determinar quina és la que millors prestacions i viabilitat mostra en quant a la seva aplicació com a Amplificador d'Àudio Commutat. Un cop determinada la Topologia Òptima, es proposa estudiar, caracteritzar i modelar els fenòmens no ideals i mecanismes generadors d'errors de Temps i d'Amplitud al polsos del senyal PWM de sortida d'un Amplificador amb la Topologia seleccionada. A partir d'aquests models, s'estudia mitjançant simulació els efectes dels errors en els senyals de sortida, expressant aquests efectes mitjançant factors de mèrit no normatius. Aquests factors de mèrit, al contrari que els normatius, permeten avaluar quantitativa i qualitativament el grau d'afectació de cada una de les diferents fonts d'errors intrínseques al disseny i a la topologia. A partir d'aquests resultats es desenvolupen Models d'Estimació dels Factors de Mèrit No Normatius, que permeten calcular el valor d'Error d'Amplitud i Distorsió, local o total, generat per qualsevol font d'error de la Cadena d'Amplificació de So. Per tal d'expressar aquesta informació en valors normatius, es desenvolupen Models d'Estimació d'Eficiències Elèctriques, Distorsió (THD) i Eficiència de Senyal a partir dels valors estimats d'Error d'Amplitud i Distorsió no normatius. Aquests models d'estimació proveeixen d'una informació que, un cop ordenada i classificada per tal de ser utilitzada, com a eina en els diferents nivells del procés de disseny, producció i comercialització d'equips d'amplificació commutada, permet, de forma òptima en la fase de pre-disseny, la selecció de components i la presa de decisions per tal d'assegurar, un cop construït, la futura validació de l'amplificador commutat multinivell, sota criteris normatius de mercat. Els models d'estimació d'Errors d'Amplitud i Distorsió, així com els models d'estimació de les Eficiències Elèctriques, de Distorsió i de Senyal han estat validats mitjançant la seva comparació amb resultats experimentals obtinguts a partir d'un prototipus de laboratori i un prototipus de fabricació industrial, dissenyat per una empresa del sector a partir de l'ús de les Eines de Disseny Òptim basades en els Models d'Estimació, desenvolupades en aquesta Tesis. Els resultats experimentals confirmen que els valors normatius mesurats d'Eficiència Elèctrica, Distorsió i Eficiència de Senyal estan dintre dels valors acceptables per la comercialització de l'equip.
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Sala, Caselles Vicenç. "Disseny òptim d'amplificadors d'audio commutats DCI-NPC d'alta potència i qualitat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285007.
Full textAbstract:
Class-D Amplification has been an absolute improvement in terms of electrical efficiency in audio amplification systems, but it has been during the first stabilization decade of this technology in the market when manufacturers have made public their concern about the incompatibility between distributed audio or PA (Public Address) applications and HiFi or Professional sound applications. High quality sound systems need switching frequencies (>1MHz) whose switching losses do not allow to work at high power (>250W). To the contrary, applications for high power amplification need high electrical efficiency, so the switching frequencies must be set to low values (<400kHz), reducing the signal quality. This incompatibility is called Power-Quality Compromise. The Characteristics of the Multilevel Topologies of DC-AC power electronic converters allow them to work at high power (increasing the working voltage) while maintaining or even increasing the quality of the output signal using the extra levels in the PWM output signal. The application of these topologies in the world of sound amplification could lead to the resolution of the Quality-Power Compromise and so, the main problem of the Class-D amplifiers. In the first place, this Thesis proposes the study of the Multilevel Topologies in order to determine the one who shows better features and feasibility, in terms of implementation as a Switching Audio Amplifier. Having determined the Optimal Topology, it is proposed to study, characterize and model the non-ideal phenomena and those mechanisms who generate Time and Pulse Width errors in the PWM output signals of the Amplifier Topology selected. Using these models, the effects of the errors in the output signals are studied by means of computer simulation, expressing these effects using non normative merit factors. These merit factors, unlike regulations, allow to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the degree of involvement of each one of the different error sources intrinsic to the design and topology. From these results it can be developed Estimation Models of the Non Normative Merit Factors, which allow to calculate the values of the Width Error and Distortion, local or total, generated by any source of error in the Amplification Sound Chain. In order to express this information in normative values, Estimation Models of Electric Efficiency, Distortion (THD) and Signal Efficiency are developed from the estimated non normative values of Width Error Distortion. These estimation models provide an information that, once ordered and classified in order to be used as a tool in the different levels of the design process, production and marketing of Switching Amplifier Equipment, allow the optimal component selection in the pre-design phase and the decision-making process to ensure the future validation of the Multilevel Switching Amplifier under market regulatory criteria. The Estimation models of the Width and Distortion Errors and the estimation models of the Electrical Efficiency, Distortion and Signal have been validated through the comparison with experimental results from a laboratory prototype and an industrial manufacturing prototype, designed by a company in the sector using the Optimal Design Tools based on the Estimation Models developed in this Thesis. The experimental results confirm that the normative values measured of the Electrical Efficiency, Distortion and Signal Efficiency are within the acceptable values for the commercialization of the equipment.L'amplificació en Classe-D ha suposat una millora absoluta en quant a eficiència elèctrica en els sistemes d'amplificació d'àudio, però ha estat durant la primera dècada d'estabilització d'aquesta tecnologia al mercat, quan els fabricants han fet pública la seva preocupació per la incompatibilitat entre aplicacions de so distribuït o PA (Public Addres) i so HiFi o Professional. Els sistemes d'alta qualitat de so, necessiten de freqüències de commutació (>1MHz) per les quals les pèrdues en commutació no permeten treballar a potències elevades (>250W). Per al contrari, per aplicacions d'amplificació de so de potència es necessita d'alta eficiència elèctrica, amb el que les freqüències de commutació han de quedar fixades a valors baixos (<400kHz), reduint la qualitat del senyal. Aquesta incompatibilitat d'aplicacions s'anomena Compromís Qualitat-Potència. Les topologies Multinivell de convertidors electrònics de potència DC-AC, per les seves característiques, permeten treballar a gran potència (augmentant la tensió de treball), mantenint o augmentant la qualitat del senyal de sortida mitjançant els nivells extra en el senyal PWM de sortida. L'aplicació d'aquestes topologies en el mon de l'Amplificació de So, podria suposar la resolució del compromís Qualitat-Potència, i per tant de la principal problemàtica que presenta la Classe-D. Aquesta Tesis proposa en primer lloc l'estudi de les topologies Multinivell per determinar quina és la que millors prestacions i viabilitat mostra en quant a la seva aplicació com a Amplificador d'Àudio Commutat. Un cop determinada la Topologia Òptima, es proposa estudiar, caracteritzar i modelar els fenòmens no ideals i mecanismes generadors d'errors de Temps i d'Amplitud al polsos del senyal PWM de sortida d'un Amplificador amb la Topologia seleccionada. A partir d'aquests models, s'estudia mitjançant simulació els efectes dels errors en els senyals de sortida, expressant aquests efectes mitjançant factors de mèrit no normatius. Aquests factors de mèrit, al contrari que els normatius, permeten avaluar quantitativa i qualitativament el grau d'afectació de cada una de les diferents fonts d'errors intrínseques al disseny i a la topologia. A partir d'aquests resultats es desenvolupen Models d'Estimació dels Factors de Mèrit No Normatius, que permeten calcular el valor d'Error d'Amplitud i Distorsió, local o total, generat per qualsevol font d'error de la Cadena d'Amplificació de So. Per tal d'expressar aquesta informació en valors normatius, es desenvolupen Models d'Estimació d'Eficiències Elèctriques, Distorsió (THD) i Eficiència de Senyal a partir dels valors estimats d'Error d'Amplitud i Distorsió no normatius. Aquests models d'estimació proveeixen d'una informació que, un cop ordenada i classificada per tal de ser utilitzada, com a eina en els diferents nivells del procés de disseny, producció i comercialització d'equips d'amplificació commutada, permet, de forma òptima en la fase de pre-disseny, la selecció de components i la presa de decisions per tal d'assegurar, un cop construït, la futura validació de l'amplificador commutat multinivell, sota criteris normatius de mercat. Els models d'estimació d'Errors d'Amplitud i Distorsió, així com els models d'estimació de les Eficiències Elèctriques, de Distorsió i de Senyal han estat validats mitjançant la seva comparació amb resultats experimentals obtinguts a partir d'un prototipus de laboratori i un prototipus de fabricació industrial, dissenyat per una empresa del sector a partir de l'ús de les Eines de Disseny Òptim basades en els Models d'Estimació, desenvolupades en aquesta Tesis. Els resultats experimentals confirmen que els valors normatius mesurats d'Eficiència Elèctrica, Distorsió i Eficiència de Senyal estan dintre dels valors acceptables per la comercialització de l'equip.
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Finotello, Vanessa <1995>. "Cartolarizzazione: tra il mercato degli NPL e l'outsourcing dei crediti detriorati." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15490.
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L'elaborato tratta il tema della cartolarizzazione, tematica forse ancora un po' sconosciuta. Oltre ad una visione generale sulla cartolarizzazione ed agli strumenti introdotti dal governo per facilitare e sostenere le operazioni di securitization, ci si vuole concentrare sul mondo degli NPL. Di particolare rilievo sarà il mercato italiano degli NPL (o NPE) dove, riprendendo ed analizzando brevemente qualche dato fornito da PwC, si vuol cercare di far chiarezza sul loro mercato, con focus sulla loro gestione. Infatti, l'attività di outsourcing dei questa tipologia di crediti sta diventando crescente, dati gli interventi dei servicer nel management delle operazioni stesse.
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Malmgren, Jennifer. "Vad bör egentligen prioriteras? : Vad statistiken visar angående stavfel och skrivfel i ÄP5 och NPC9." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67915.
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Vygotskij menar att människans tänkande och utveckling är beroende av vår språkliga förmåga. Som pedagoger har vi vad Vygotskij kallar för begrepp och aktiviteter till vår hjälp i undervisningen. Ur ett historiskt perspektiv har dock begreppen om stavning och skriftspråkliga normer i kursplanen för svenska blivit något urvattnade. Denna studie söker svar på hur stavning och skriftspråkliga normer och strukturer förändras mellan åk5 och åk9 hos en grupp elever. Resultatet visar att de största svårigheterna i åk5 handlar om skiljetecken och sär-/hopskrivningar. Dubbelteckningar och vokalutbyten är de största stavningssvårigheterna. I åk9 är svårigheterna med skiljetecken större än i åk5, likaså felaktigt användande av pronomina de/dem/dom. Procentuellt sett har alla stavfel minskat i åk9. Eftersom det fortfarande görs fel av eleverna i åk9 är det tydligt att interventioner behöver göras. Vilken metod som används är beroende på vad en analys av felen säger. Slutsatsen av studien innebär att lärare och speciallärare arbetar gemensamt med elevernas fonologiska medvetenhet parallellt med samtal om skrivregler och regler för stavning. Forskning visar att äldre elevers kognitiva förmåga är större än hos yngre elever och att de därför också fått ytterligare ett medium att förstå stavning och skrivning med. Studiens resultat kan betraktas som generaliserbara för elevgrupper med en normal läs- och skrivutveckling med svenska som modersmål.Vygotsky means that the human thinking and development depends on our ability to use language. As teachers we have, what Vygotsky calls words and activities to help teaching. In a historical perspective the curriculum of the Swedish language has become somewhat diluted concerning spelling and written norms. This study seeks answers to whether knowledge about spelling and written norms change with a group of 5th graders as they move on to 9th grade. The results of the study show that the greatest difficulties in year 5 are the ones concerning punctuation and whether a word should be written as one or two words. The spelling of the vowel quantity and the substitutions of vowels are the most common spelling errors. In year 9 the errors concerning punctuation have increased proportionally compared to year 5, as have the wrong usage of the pronoun de/dem/dom. All spelling errors have decreased proportionally in year 9. Since the students still make errors in year 9, it is clear that they need some kind of intervention. Which method to use depends on the analysis of the errors. The conclusion of the study means that teachers and special education teachers work together to increase the students ́ phonological awareness parallel to conversations about rules of writing and rules of spelling. Research shows that older students have a better cognitive ability than younger students and therefor they also have a new medium as to understand rules about spelling and writing. The results of this study can be considered as valid to groups of students with a normal development in reading- and writing skills with Swedish as a mother tongue.
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Jose, Jaimy. "The role of LDL-cholesterol, NPC1 and annexin A6 in cancer cell migration and invasion." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29585.
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Cancer cells have an increased demand for cholesterol to support growth and metastasis. They acquire cholesterol through elevated uptake of LDL from plasma. LDL-derived cholesterol is then delivered to late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Lys) and Niemann Pick Type C1/2 (NPC1/2) proteins, other cholesterol transporters, together with regulatory and scaffolding proteins such as annexin A6 (AnxA6), deliver cholesterol to other organelles. This thesis aimed to identify role of LE/Lys-derived LDL-cholesterol in cancer cell motility and invasion.
In Chapter 3 and 4 we demonstrate LDL to stimulate A431 epithelial carcinoma and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell migration and invasion. LDL potentiated growth factor stimulated A431 migration and invasion in organotypic matrices that closely resemble the 3D tumour environment. However, blocking LDL-cholesterol export from LE/Lys via NPC1 inhibition or AnxA6 overexpression (OE) reduced LDL-inducible migration and invasion.
Chapter 4 assessed the role of LDL-cholesterol on metalloprotease (MMP) secretion, which degrade extracellular matrix to promote cancer cell dissemination. Zymography revealed LDL-inducible MMP-2 secretion, which was compromised upon NPC1 deficiency or AnxA6 OE. AnxA6 stimulates membrane recruitment of the Rab7-GTPase activating protein TBC1D15 and TBC1D15 knockdown suggests Rab7 activity to drive LDL-cholesterol export from LE/Lys to stimulate MMP-2 secretion.
MMP-2 activation is mediated by membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP), which is constantly internalized and recycled through LE/Lys compartments. Chapter 5 identifies LDL to stimulate MT1-MMP translocation from a perinuclear LE/Lys compartment to peripheral Rab7-positive LE vesicles and/or the cell surface in CHO and A431 cells. NPC1 deficiency or AnxA6 OE strongly reduced LDL-inducible cell surface MT1-MMP translocation. Hence, co-trafficking of LDL-cholesterol with MT1-MMP from LE/Lys to the cell surface could facilitate LDL-inducible cell invasion.