Relevant bibliographies by topics / NPCL

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Academic literature on the topic 'NPCL'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "NPCL"

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Cong, Shuang, Yaying Sun, Jinrong Lin, Shaohua Liu, and Jiwu Chen. "A Synthetic Graft With Multilayered Co-Electrospinning Nanoscaffolds for Bridging Massive Rotator Cuff Tear in a Rat Model." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 8 (May 26, 2020): 1826–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520917684.

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Background: Graft bridging is used in massive rotator cuff tear (MRCT); however, the integration of graft-tendon and graft-bone is still a challenge. Hypothesis: A co-electrospinning nanoscaffold of polycaprolactone (PCL) with an “enthesis-mimicking” (EM) structure could bridge MRCT, facilitate tendon regeneration, and improve graft-bone healing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: First, we analyzed the cytocompatibility of the electrospinning nanoscaffolds, including aligned PCL (aPCL), nonaligned PCL (nPCL), aPCL–collagen I, nPCL–collagen II, and nPCL-nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). Second, for the EM condition, nPCL–collagen II and nPCL-nHA were electrospun layer by layer at one end of the aPCL–collagen I; for the control condition, the nPCL was electrospun on the aPCL. In 40 mature male rats, resection of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons was performed to create MRCT, and the animals were divided randomly into EM and control groups. In both groups, one end of the layered structure was fixed on the footprint of the rotator cuff, whereas the other end of the layered structure was sutured with the tendon stump. The animals were euthanized for harvesting of tissues for histologic and biomechanical analysis at 4 weeks or 8 weeks postoperatively. Results: All scaffolds showed good cytocompatibility in vitro. The graft-tendon tissue in the EM group had more regularly arranged cells, denser tissue, a significantly higher tendon maturing score, and more birefringence compared with the control group at 8 weeks after operation. Newly formed fibrocartilage could be observed at the graft-bone interface in both groups by 8 weeks, but the EM group had a higher graft-bone healing score and significantly more newly formed fibrocartilage than the control group. An enthesis-like structure with transitional layers was observed in the EM group at 8 weeks. Biomechanically, the values for maximum failure load and stiffness of the tendon-graft-bone complex were significantly higher in the EM group than in the control group at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The co-electrospinning nanoscaffold of aPCL–collagen I could be used as a bridging graft to improve early graft-tendon healing for MRCT in a rat model and enhance early enthesis reconstruction in combination with a multilayered structure of nPCL–collagen II and nPCL-nHA. Clinical Relevance: We constructed a graft to bridge MRCT, enhance graft-tendon healing and graft-bone healing, and reconstruct the enthesis structure.
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Song, Jun, Mei Liu, Zhanping Yang, Songwei Xu, Bowen Cheng, and Pengfei Fei. "Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate naphthoate with good ultraviolet and chemical resistance." e-Polymers 17, no. 4 (June 27, 2017): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0293.

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AbstractCommercial cellulose diacetate with a degree of substitution (DS) of 2.45 was partly deacetylated to cellulose acetate (CA) with different DSs by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and then reacted with 1-naphthoyl chloride (NpCl) to synthesize CA naphthoate (CANp). Fourier transform infrared and 1H-NMR were used to characterize the chemical structure of CANp. The DS of naphthoate moiety (DSCANp) could be varied from 0.18 to 0.98 by adjusting the molar ratio of –OH in CA unit to NpCl, the DS of CA (DSCA), and the reaction time and temperature. When DSCA was 2.01 and the molar ratio was 1:6, the maximum DSCANp of the product was achieved after a reaction at 80°C for 2 h. With the increase of DSCANp, the thermal stability decreased slightly whereas the anti-ultraviolet property was enhanced. Moreover, the obtained films containing CANp exhibited good ultraviolet resistance as well as chemical resistance.
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Kitagawa, Wataru, Nobutada Kimura, and Yoichi Kamagata. "A Novel p-Nitrophenol Degradation Gene Cluster from a Gram-Positive Bacterium, Rhodococcus opacus SAO101." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 15 (August 1, 2004): 4894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.15.4894-4902.2004.

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ABSTRACT p-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is recognized as an environmental contaminant; it is used primarily for manufacturing medicines and pesticides. To date, several 4-NP-degrading bacteria have been isolated; however, the genetic information remains very limited. In this study, a novel 4-NP degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, Rhodococcus opacus SAO101, was identified and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequences of npcB, npcA, and npcC showed identity with phenol 2-hydroxylase component B (reductase, PheA2) of Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius A7 (32%), with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol monooxygenase (TcpA) of Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 (44%), and with hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase (ORF2) of Arthrobacter sp. strain BA-5-17 (76%), respectively. The npcB, npcA, and npcC genes were cloned into pET-17b to construct the respective expression vectors pETnpcB, pETnpcA, and pETnpcC. Conversion of 4-NP was observed when a mixture of crude cell extracts of Escherichia coli containing pETnpcB and pETnpcA was used in the experiment. The mixture converted 4-NP to hydroxyquinol and also converted 4-nitrocatechol (4-NCA) to hydroxyquinol. Furthermore, the crude cell extract of E. coli containing pETnpcC converted hydroxyquinol to maleylacetate. These results suggested that npcB and npcA encode the two-component 4-NP/4-NCA monooxygenase and that npcC encodes hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase. The npcA and npcC mutant strains, SDA1 and SDC1, completely lost the ability to grow on 4-NP as the sole carbon source. These results clearly indicated that the cloned npc genes play an essential role in 4-NP mineralization in R. opacus SAO101.
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Fujiwara, Akimasa, and Junyi Zhang. "Development of a Scheduling Model for Car Tourists’ 1-Day Tours." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1921, no. 1 (January 2005): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192100112.

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Focusing on car tourists’ 1-day tours, a new scheduling model combines a nested paired combinatorial logit (NPCL) type of destination and route choice model and a time allocation (TA) model. The NPCL model, developed previously from the generalized extreme value family of discrete choice models to represent the similarity between pairs of alternatives in the same choice nest as well as the influence of inclusive value, indicates destination choice in the bottom level and route choice in the top level. The TA model applies Becker's theory to determine the time allocated to each touring site. Utility of destination choice is influenced by the time spent at each site. Different route choices result in a level of service for the road network that varies hourly, varying available time used in the TA model. The TA model endogenously incorporates the influence of hourly variance in level of service at the site of interest, which is affected by the allocated time. An iteration estimation procedure is proposed to estimate the parameters consistently in both models. Finally, revealed preference tourist travel survey data collected in a tourist attraction region near the Sea of Japan indicate that the proposed scheduling model is effective in representing car tourists’ scheduling behavior for 1-day tours.
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Chen, Yixin, Yu Sang, Jianchun Guo, Jian Yang, Weihua Chen, Fei Liu, Ji Zeng, and Botao Tang. "Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Self-Generated Proppant Fracturing Fluid System." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 8737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228737.

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Hydraulic fracturing is an important technology for the stimulation of oil and gas reservoirs. Conventional fracturing technology based on “sand-carrying” faces some challenges such as sand plugs; incompatibility with the well completion method; damage to the reservoir caused by the incomplete gel-breaking of the fracturing fluid; solid proppants inefficiently turning the corner in complex fracture networks, and so on. In this paper, a novel self-generated proppant fracturing fluid system is proposed to solve the above problems caused by “sand-carrying”. The advantage of the fracturing fluid system is that in the whole process of fracturing, no solid proppants will be injected. The fracturing fluid itself will transform into solid proppants in the induced fractures under high temperatures to resist fracture closure stress. The fluid system consists of two kinds of liquids. One is the phase change liquid (PCL), which occurs as a liquid–solid phase change at high-formation temperatures to form a solid proppant. The other is the non-phase change liquid (NPCL), which controls the dispersity of the PCL in the two-phase fluid system. The main building block of the PCL is confirmed to be the bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether-type epoxy resin, whereas the NPCL is mainly composed of surfactants. The viscosity, phase-change temperature, and time of the fracturing fluid system are, respectively, about 30 mPa·s, 80 °C, and 20 min.
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Dardis, Andrea, Eleonora Pavan, Martina Fabris, Rosalia Maria Da Riol, Annalisa Sechi, Agata Fiumara, Lucia Santoro, et al. "Plasma Neurofilament Light (NfL) in Patients Affected by Niemann–Pick Type C Disease (NPCD)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 4796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10204796.

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(1) Background: Niemann–Pick type C disease (NPCD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The clinical presentation is characterized by visceral and neurological involvement. Apart from a small group of patients presenting a severe perinatal form, all patients develop progressive and fatal neurological disease with an extremely variable age of onset. Different biomarkers have been identified; however, they poorly correlate with neurological disease. In this study we assessed the possible role of plasma NfL as a neurological disease-associated biomarker in NPCD. (2) Methods: Plasma NfL levels were measured in 75 healthy controls and 26 patients affected by NPCD (24 NPC1 and 2 NPC2; 39 samples). (3) Results: Plasma NfL levels in healthy controls correlated with age and were significantly lower in pediatric patients as compared to adult subjects (p = 0.0017). In both pediatric and adult NPCD patients, the plasma levels of NfL were significantly higher than in age-matched controls (p < 0.0001). Most importantly, plasma NfL levels in NPCD patients with neurological involvement were significantly higher than the levels found in patients free of neurological signs at the time of sampling, both in the pediatric and the adult group (p = 0.0076; p = 0.0032, respectively). Furthermore, in adults the NfL levels in non-neurological patients were comparable with those found in age-matched controls. No correlations between plasma NfL levels and NPCD patient age at sampling or plasma levels of cholestan 3β-5α-6β-triol were found. (4) Conclusions: These data suggest a promising role of plasma NfL as a possible neurological disease-associated biomarker in NPCD.
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Pogány, Peter, and Attila Kovács. "Theoretical investigation of NpC, NpC2 and NpC4 molecules." Structural Chemistry 26, no. 5-6 (August 4, 2015): 1309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-015-0641-5.

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Li, Xiaochun, Piyali Saha, Jian Li, Günter Blobel, and Suzanne R. Pfeffer. "Clues to the mechanism of cholesterol transfer from the structure of NPC1 middle lumenal domain bound to NPC2." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 36 (August 22, 2016): 10079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611956113.

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Export of LDL-derived cholesterol from lysosomes requires the cooperation of the integral membrane protein Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1) and a soluble protein, Niemann–Pick C2 (NPC2). Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins lead to Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC). NPC2 binds to NPC1’s second (middle), lumenally oriented domain (MLD) and transfers cholesterol to NPC1’s N-terminal domain (NTD). Here, we report the 2.4-Å resolution crystal structure of a complex of human NPC1–MLD and NPC2 bearing bound cholesterol-3-O-sulfate. NPC1–MLD uses two protruding loops to bind NPC2, analogous to its interaction with the primed Ebola virus glycoprotein. Docking of the NPC1–NPC2 complex onto the full-length NPC1 structure reveals a direct cholesterol transfer tunnel between NPC2 and NTD cholesterol binding pockets, supporting the “hydrophobic hand-off” cholesterol transfer model.
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Seker Yilmaz, Berna, Julien Baruteau, Ahad A. Rahim, and Paul Gissen. "Clinical and Molecular Features of Early Infantile Niemann Pick Type C Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145059.

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Niemann Pick disease type C (NPC) is a neurovisceral disorder due to mutations in NPC1 or NPC2. This review focuses on poorly characterized clinical and molecular features of early infantile form of NPC (EIF) and identified 89 cases caused by NPC1 (NPC1) and 16 by NPC2 (NPC2) mutations. Extra-neuronal features were common; visceromegaly reported in 80/89 NPC1 and in 15/16 NPC2, prolonged jaundice in 30/89 NPC1 and 7/16 NPC2. Early lung involvement was present in 12/16 NPC2 cases. Median age of neurological onset was 12 (0–24) and 7.5 (0–24) months in NPC1 and NPC2 groups, respectively. Developmental delay and hypotonia were the commonest first detected neurological symptoms reported in 39/89 and 18/89 NPC1, and in 8/16 and 10/16 NPC2, respectively. Additional neurological symptoms included vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, dysarthria, cataplexy, dysphagia, seizures, dystonia, and spasticity. The following mutations in homozygous state conferred EIF: deletion of exon 1+promoter, c.3578_3591 + 9del, c.385delT, p.C63fsX75, IVS21-2delATGC, c. 2740T>A (p.C914S), c.3584G>T (p.G1195V), c.3478-6T>A, c.960_961dup (p.A321Gfs*16) in NPC1 and c.434T>A (p.V145E), c.199T>C (p.S67P), c.133C>T (p.Q45X), c.141C>A (p.C47X) in NPC2. This comprehensive analysis of the EIF type of NPC will benefit clinical patient management, genetic counselling, and assist design of novel therapy trials.
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Infante, Rodney E., Michael L. Wang, Arun Radhakrishnan, Hyock Joo Kwon, Michael S. Brown, and Joseph L. Goldstein. "NPC2 facilitates bidirectional transfer of cholesterol between NPC1 and lipid bilayers, a step in cholesterol egress from lysosomes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 40 (September 4, 2008): 15287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807328105.

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Egress of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol from lysosomes requires two lysosomal proteins, polytopic membrane-bound Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1) and soluble Niemann–Pick C2 (NPC2). The reason for this dual requirement is unknown. Previously, we showed that the soluble luminal N-terminal domain (NTD) of NPC1 (amino acids 25–264) binds cholesterol. This NTD is designated NPC1(NTD). We and others showed that soluble NPC2 also binds cholesterol. Here, we establish an in vitro assay to measure transfer of [3H]cholesterol between these two proteins and phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Whereas NPC2 rapidly donates or accepts cholesterol from liposomes, NPC1(NTD) acts much more slowly. Bidirectional transfer of cholesterol between NPC1(NTD) and liposomes is accelerated >100-fold by NPC2. A naturally occurring human mutant of NPC2 (Pro120Ser) fails to bind cholesterol and fails to stimulate cholesterol transfer from NPC1(NTD) to liposomes. NPC2 may be essential to deliver or remove cholesterol from NPC1, an interaction that links both proteins to the cholesterol egress process from lysosomes. These findings may explain how mutations in either protein can produce a similar clinical phenotype.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "NPCL"

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Donohue, Carolyn Elizabeth. "EXPRESSION OF Npcl IN GLIAL CELLS CORRECTS STERILITY IN Npcl-/- MICE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192331.

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Dani, Vincent. "Étude du maintien et de la rupture de l'association symbiotique Cnidaire-Dinoflagellés : approches cellulaires et moléculaires chez l'anémone de mer Anemonia viridis." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4105/document.

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L’endosymbiose trophique établie entre un hôte Cnidaire et ses symbiotes Dinoflagellés photosynthétiques est à l’origine du succès évolutif des écosystèmes coralliens. Les symbiotes sont internalisés par un mécanisme de phagocytose et maintenus dans les cellules du gastroderme de l'hôte. La symbiose est régie par un dialogue moléculaire intime entre les deux partenaires, interrompu lors de perturbations environnementales ou anthropiques, responsables du déclin mondial des récifs coralliens. Les objectifs de mon projet de recherche sont de définir les acteurs moléculaires localisés à l’interface symbiotique chez l’anémone de mer, Anemonia viridis. Premièrement, nous avons étudié les mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans différents types de rupture de la symbiose et mis en évidence des phénomènes d’apoptose, nécrose et symbiophagie. Parallèlement, nous avons caractérisé chez l’anémone les gènes npc1 et npc2, impliqués chez les vertébrés dans le transport endosomal de stérols, et dont l’expression est modulée par l’état symbiotique. Nous avons pu montrer que le gène npc2d est issus d’une duplication et vraisemblablement d’une sub-fonctionnalisation et que les protéines NPC1 et NPC2 sont exprimées au voisinage des symbiotes. Nous proposons donc que la protéine NPC2-d soit utilisée comme marqueur de l’état de santé des Anthozoaires symbiotiques et que la protéine NPC1 soit un marqueur de la membrane périsymbiotique. Nous avons également développé un protocole afin d’identifier les protéines associées à l’interface symbiotique entre les deux partenaires. A terme, les cibles identifiées permettront une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes qui régulent la relation symbiotique
The trophic endosymbiosis interaction between a cnidarian host and its photosynthetic dinoflagellatessymbionts form the basis of coral reef ecosystems. Cnidarians host their symbionts in gastrodermis cells, in a phagocytosis-derived vacuole. Establishment and maintenance of the symbiotic interaction depend on an intimate molecular communication between the two partners. However, environmental and/or anthropogenic disturbances can lead to the breakdown of the symbiotic association, which is responsible for the worldwide decline of coral reefs. The main objectives of my research project are to improve the knowledge regarding symbiosis maintenance and disruption mechanisms, but also to define the molecular key players involved at the symbiotic interface in the sea anemone, Anemonia viridis. First, we have described the cellular mechanisms involved in the different types of symbiosis breackdown. Meanwhile, the characterization of npc1 and npc2 genes (involved in endosomal sterol transport), showed a duplication and a sub-functionalization of the npc2d gene. Both NPC1 and NPC2 proteins are expressed around symbionts. We therefore suggest that the duplicated protein NPC2-d is a biomarker of symbiosis health and that NPC1 protein is a marker of the perisymbiotic membrane. We then developed a protocol to characterize the proteome of the symbiotic interface between the two symbiotic partners. The newly-identified symbiotic key players will increase the general knowledge on the symbiotic interaction and its regulation during both stable and bleaching conditions
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PASTORE, RAFFAELE. "GENERATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NPC1-/- AND NPC2-/- ARPE19 AS NOVEL CELLULAR MODELS OF NIEMANN-PICK TYPE C AND THEIR APPLICATION IN A HIGH-CONTENT DRUG SCREENING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/609134.

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Niemann-Pick type-C (NP-C) is a lysosomal lipid-storage disorder caused by autosomal-recessive mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. Among the NPC cases, 95% results from dysfunction of NPC1, whereas 5% is due to malfunction of NPC2. These proteins mediate the transport of free cholesterol from the inner lumen to the limiting membrane of lysosomes. More specifically, the soluble protein NPC2 delivers free cholesterol directly to the transmembrane protein NPC1. Niemann-Pick-C is a neurovisceral disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration with affected cells accumulating cholesterol and sphingolipids. The mechanisms linking lipid-storage and onset of organ dysfunction are still unknown and a curative therapy is missing. A major limitation for in vitro studies is represented by the lack of appropriate NPC cellular models because NPC-fibroblasts and their derived-iPScs present high phenotypic variability and are difficult to work with. To overcome this problem, in this research cellular models of NPC-type-1 and NPC-type-2 were generated by knocking out either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes in ARPE19 cells using CRISPR/Cas9. NPC1-/- and NPC2-/- ARPE19 turned out to be good disease models thoroughly recapitulating the pathological features of NPC. Since both knockout cell lines showed accumulation of free cholesterol within LE/LY, the microscopy assay filipin-LAMP1 co-staining was used to monitor the effect of potential therapeutic compounds on the stored LE/LY free cholesterol. To this end, the NPC2-/- ARPE19 were employed in a high-content experiment to screen the 1200 FDA-approved drugs of the Prestwick library. As a result, three candidate drugs, desipramine, fendiline and thioproperazine were selected.
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Barreto, Casimiro de Almeida. "Traços de personalidade e expressividade a partir de comunicação em linguagem natural para avatares em mundos virtuais 3D." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-26022016-112334/.

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Um fator relevante para a aceitação de metáforas de mundos virtuais 3D como interfaces homem máquina é a supressão do fator estranheza. Tal fator decorre da percepção de comportamentos não naturais entre as representações de usuários (avatares) e robôs (NPCs Non Playable Characters) nestes ambientes virtuais e acontece, principalmente, devido a diferenças sutís entre o comportamento esperado de um ser humano e o apresentado pelas representações virtuais (avatares). Ao conjunto de comportamentos exibidos denominamos persona. Assim, uma maneira de reduzir a barreira de estranheza entre usuários interagindo em mundos virtuais 3D é fazendo com que suas representações (avatares) tenham personas convincentes. Os seres humanos tem suas personas regidas por seus tratos emocionais. As interações com o ambiente e com outros seres humanos fornecem estímulos que modificam o estado emocional com relação ao estado de equilíbrio e, consequentemente, alteram o comportamento exterior observado. O estado emocional de equilíbrio pode ser obtido através da análise de corpo de comunicação em linguagem natural do usuário. Neste trabalho é defendida a tese de que através da análise do corpo das interações em linguagem natural de usuários nas mídias sociais é possível estabelecer um modelo de personalidade e persona que pode ser transposto para a representação dos usuários nem mundos virtuais 3D, de forma que as representações tenham comportamentos tais que reduzem o fator de estranheza. O modelo faz uso das interações recentes nas mídias sociais e das interações nos mundos virtuais 3D para determinar o estado emocional imediato e o comportamento instantâneo e é coerente com o paradigma do modelo OCC. Também é demonstrado que este modelo é evolutivo: pela análise contínua do corpo da comunicação é acompanhada a evolução da personalidade do usuário, bem como se adequa continuamente sua persona. Os traços de personalidade são analizados no modelo Big Five (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness) e operacionalizados no modelo PAD (Personality, arousal, dominance). O modelo constrói um campo de personalidade, no espaço PAD, de tal forma que na ausência de excitação o estado emocional do avatar fica em repouso no centro deste campo. As excitações movimentam o estado ao longo dos eixos PAD e provocam mudanças no comportamento observado. A correspondência entre as mudanças de comportamento do avatar e o movimento do estado do usuário no campo emocional aumenta a concordância entre comportamento esperado e observado, reduzindo o fator de estranheza.
A key factor for the acceptance of 3D virtual world mataphor as human machine interface is the suppression of the strangeness factor, which appears due the perception of non natural behaviour in representations of users (avatars) and bots (NPCs). Such perception raises mostly due to subtle differences in expected behavior for a human being and observed behavior in virtual representations (avatars and NPCs). In this work we will call persona the set of exhibited behaviors. Thus, a way of diminishing the strangeness valley is by supplying avatars with convincing personas. Human beings rule their personas with intermediation of their emotional traits. Interactions with environment and other beings supply stimuli that change the emotional state from the equilibrium situation and, consequently, change observed behavior. Idle emotional state can be determined through natural language communication corpora analysis. In this thesis we state that through the analysis of user interactions in social media it is possible to establish a model of personality and persona that can be transposed to their representation in 3D virtual worlds, so such representation exhibits behavior that minimize strangeness. The model uses recent interations of user in social media and his interactions inside the 3D virtual world to establish current behavior and is coherent with OCC paradigm. It is also demonstrated that such model is evolutive: by the continuous analysis of communication corpora the user personality behavior is updated and its persona is continually adjusted. Personality traits are analysed in the Big Five model (neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness) and operationalized in the PAD model (personality, arousal, dominance). A personality field is built such as in the absence of inputs, emotional state lies in the center of this field. Inputs move state along PAD axes and cause changes in the observed behavior. Correspondence between avatar behavior changes and state changes of user regarding its emotional field enhance the compliance between expected and observed behavior, reducing strangeness.
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Koch, Tina Strafuss Michael. "NPL-Verkauf durch deutschen Banken /." Frankfurt am Main : Bankakad, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2765271&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Walther, Tobias. "The role of Peripheral Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) structures in nuclear transport and NPC architecture." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-4945.

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Westerberg, Marcus. "Reasons for Missing Data of Risk Categorisation in NPCR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad matematik och statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253437.

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The risk of prostate cancer (PCa) can be described using ve risk categories based on clinicalassessment involving the risk of cancer and metastasis level. In some cases the information neededto calculate the risk is not registered. The aim is to assess potential dierences in properties likeage, treatment, comorbidity and survival, between men with a dened risk stage categorisation ofprostate cancer compared to men lacking information to calculate the risk stage category. Themain measures involved in the risk stage assessment are Gleason score, prostate specic antigen(PSA) value and T-stage. Men missing data for risk stage categorisation may be lacking one of thethree or a combination of at least two out of the three. Subgroups of these men will be analysedin a similar way, in order to understand the reasons to why they are missing data for risk stagecategorization.Statistical analysis involves univariate and multivariate logistic regression, along with survivaland competing risk analysis. Data will be presented in tables, gures and forest plots, includingodds ratios, 95% condence intervals and p-values.According to the study, men missing data of risk stage categorization were about 2.6% of allmen in the data base, and had most likely a low risk PCa. They had higher comorbidity levelsbut the overall probability of death was the same compared to other men. In addition, they hadsignicantly lower proportion of death by PCa and experienced a large proportion of death byother cancer, which concurs with the previous conclusions about comorbidity and low risk PCa,indicating that they had another disease, possibly cancer, that required more attention.Considering only men missing data for risk categorisation, a large proportion were missingPSA level (58.3%), and these men had higher comorbidity, were older, and had a large proportionof death by other cancer. Surprisingly, men missing Gleason level (20.3%) had increased oddsratios for lower comorbidity levels, were younger at time of diagnosis, and had a higher survivalprobability in general. Unexpectedly, men missing T-stage (32%) were more likely to being treatedby Radio Theraphy (RT), were less likely to attend university hospitals and more likely to attendprivate physicians. Men missing a combination of at least two out of three of Gleason, PSA, T-stage(19.6%) had higher comorbidity levels and were more likely to be treated by RT, less likely to attenduniversity hospitals, had a large proportion of death by other cancer, and a larger proportion ofdeath closer to the time of diagnosis.Lastly, there were some indications of variations of the proportions of missing data of riskstage categorisation when dividing it into the subgroups mentioned above, and viewed over year ofdiagnosis. There was an increase in missing data of risk stage categorization around 2006 and anexplanation of this could be the change of IT-system for registration, leaving a general increase ofmissing data behind it, perhaps due to a looser control during the transition and unfamiliarity ofthe new system.The main conclusion was that the reasons for missing data of risk stage categorisation are mostlikely high comorbidity levels, probably including another cancer in combination with a low riskPCa. It was most common to be missing data of risk stage categorisation due to missing PSAlevel, and those men had high comorbidity and were older. Surprisingly, private physicians and/ortreatment by RT were more likely to be missing T-stage, and younger men with low comorbiditywere more likely to be missing Gleason score.
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Finamor, Gustavo Andres. "Inversor fotovoltaico não isolado NPC intercalado." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8585.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Throughout the twentieth century, the supply of electricity, mainly obtained from fossil fuels like oil and coal, it has supported the growth and transformation of the world economy. In the early years of this century, the scenario has changed to a new reality, the need for sustainable development. In other words, the challenge is to gradually replace the traditional sources of electricity from renewable energy sources, in which the solar photovoltaic energy has highlighted. Photovoltaic inverters may be constituted in different ways, presenting in recent decades a high research progress. The main study efforts focus on getting high efficiency, high power density and high reliability, to increase the overall performance of the photovoltaic installation. In this direction, this Master Thesis aims to propose, analyze, design and implement a single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic inverter, which provides high efficiency and high power density. This circuit is called Transformerless Photovoltaic Interleaved Multilevel NPC Inverter , that use uncoupled inductors, Gallium Nitride power transistors and employs interleaving strategy beside the LCL filter, synthesizing 9 levels. Are introduced studies on the operation, modulation and design methodology of power stages, considering the static performance. Results are presented for the 1 kW, in order to support the validity of the proposed topology in conjunction with the standard aspects, especially in relation to THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of grid current, leakage current, efficiency and power density.
Durante todo o século XX, a oferta de energia elétrica, obtida principalmente a partir dos combustíveis fósseis como petróleo e o carvão mineral, deu suporte ao crescimento e as transformações da economia mundial. Já nos primeiros anos do século atual, o cenário mudou para uma nova realidade, a necessidade do desenvolvimento sustentável. Em outras palavras, o desafio é substituir gradativamente as fontes tradicionais de energia elétrica por fontes de energia renovável, onde a energia solar fotovoltaica tem destaque. Os conversores eletrônicos para sistemas fotovoltaicos, também chamados de inversores, podem ser constituídos de diversas maneiras, apresentando nas últimas décadas um acentuado progresso de pesquisa. Os principais esforços de estudo tem se concentrado em obter alto rendimento, alta densidade de potência e alta confiabilidade, de modo a aumentar o desempenho global da instalação fotovoltaica. Neste horizonte, esta dissertação tem por objetivo propor, analisar, projetar e implementar um inversor fotovoltaico monofásico, para aplicação conectada à rede, de alto rendimento e alta densidade de potência. Esta estrutura é denominada de Inversor Fotovoltaico NPC Multinível Intercalado sem Transformador , que utiliza indutores não acoplados, interruptores de Nitreto de Gálio e emprega a técnica interleaving junto ao filtro LCL, sintetizando 9 níveis. No decorrer do trabalho são introduzidos estudos relativos à operação, modulação, metodologia de projeto e estágios de potência, estabelecendo critérios, enquanto considera a performance estática. São apresentados resultados, observando a potência de 1 kW, com a finalidade de corroborar a validade da topologia proposta juntamente as normativas e aspectos que norteiam a aplicação, especialmente com respeito à THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) da corrente da rede, corrente de fuga, rendimento e densidade de potência.
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Bell, Stephanie A. "Validation of the NPL gravimetric hygrometer." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7703/.

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The gravimetric hygrometer of the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL) provides a first-principles realisation of mixing ratio - the most fundamental measure of the humidity of a gas. The operation of the NPL gravimetric hygrometer has been validated to demonstrate its satisfactory performance as a primary standard for humidity within the UK national measurement system. The measurement performance of the gravimetric hygrometer has been characterised for mixing ratios within the range 0.01 g kg to 155 g kg 4 (equivalent at atmospheric pressure to a dew-point range of -60 °C to +60 °C). The significant aspects of the measurement have been assessed in detail; these being the balances and weighing processes, the efficiency of collecting water and dry gas, and the effects of stray water in the instrument. Sources of systematic error have been identified and their effects quantified. Wherever possible, such errors have been eliminated or reduced. Elsewhere, numerical corrections have been evaluated and applied to the results of measurements. The overall uncertainty of measurement for the gravimetric hygrometer has been estimated by evaluating the uncertainties contributed by each aspect of the measurement, and combining these statistically to find the overall effect. The estimated uncertainty at a level of confidence of approximately 95% (a coverage factor of k=2) was found to range between 0.015 percent of value at the highest humidity considered, near 155 g kg 1, and 1.27 percent of value at the lower limit of 0.01 g kg1. The gravimetric hygrometer has been intercompared with the humidity generator which is the NFL standard for dew point, using nitrogen as the carrier gas in these measurements. For the conversion between values of dew point and mixing ratio, the uncertainties in the reference functions have been reviewed for the vapour pressure curve of water, and for the water vapour enhancement factor which accounts for the non-ideal behaviour of humid gases. A new calculation of the enhancement factor for nitrogen is presented. The uncertainties due to sampling were also evaluated. On average, the uncertainties due to the reference functions and those due to sampling were found to comparable with the uncertainty in the gravimetric measurements. Taking all these into account, the intercomparison measurements agreed to within the combined uncertainties of the two instruments.
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容振威 and Chun-wai Yung. "A molecular study of NPC pathogenesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212748.

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Books on the topic "NPCL"

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Inc, Industry Insights, and National Paint and Coatings Association., eds. 1993 NPCA fringe benefits survey. Washington, D.C. (1500 Rhode Island Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005-5597): National Paint and Coatings Association, 1993.

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Smith, Eric H. NPCA field guide to structural pests. [Dunn Loring, Va.]: NPCA, 1992.

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Council-Primary, National Parents. NPC-Primary, annual report. Dublin: National Parents Council - Primary(Comhairle Naísiúnta Tuismitheoirí - Bunbhrainse), 1990.

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National Physical Laboratory (Great Britain). NPL points of contact. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 2001.

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National Physical Laboratory (Great Britain). NPL points of contact 1985. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 1998.

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National Physical Laboratory (Great Britain). NPL points of contact 1985. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 1985.

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Mohan, Madan. ICMR-NPCB collaborative study on prevalence of cataract. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research and National Programme for Control of Blindness, 1990.

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National Physical Laboratory (Great Britain). NPL points of contact 1999-2000. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 1999.

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Branch, National Physical Laboratory (Great Britain) Acoustics. Index of NPL acoustics publications 1971-1980. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 1985.

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Garland, Steven J. Fields of glory: 21 NPC years, 1976-1996. Auckland: HarperCollins Publishers New Zealand, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "NPCL"

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van Brummelen, E. H., and R. de Borst. "Conservation under Incompatibility for Fluid-Solid-Interaction Problems: the NPCL Method." In IUTAM Symposium on Discretization Methods for Evolving Discontinuities, 413–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6530-9_24.

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Gooch, Jan W. "NPCA." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 491. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8006.

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Froehlich, Stephan J., Carlo A. Lackerbauer, Guenter Rudolph, Jan Rémi, Soheyl Noachtar, Werner J. Heppt, Annette Cryer, et al. "NPC." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1500. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6392.

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Niu, Xiaoshuang, and Yungan Tao. "New Developments in the Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 327–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_22.

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AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) have unique characteristics with a specific geographic distribution and radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of initial treatment due to its radiosensitive behaviour and deep-seated location. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has become the standard RT technique compared with 2D/3D and could reduce the late toxicities such as xerostomia. We established the international guideline for the delineation of clinical target volumes (CTV) and dose prioritization and constraint guideline for a better implementation of IMRT for NPC. The role of RT in addition to systemic therapy for the initially diagnosed metastatic NPC has recently been investigated in a randomized trial. The meta-analysis MAC-NPC confirmed the role of chemotherapy in addition to RT for NPC and established concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as a standard of care in locally advanced (LA) NPC. In the recent actualization of MAC-NPC and network meta-analysis, more chemotherapy (adjuvant or induction) has been suggested to further improve treatment efficacy. However, a randomized trial did not shown survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to CCRT in LA-NPC. More recently, several phase III trials (French GORTEC trial and Chinese trials) showed benefit of induction chemotherapy (PF/TPF/GP) when added to cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. Preliminary study has failed to show benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for the patients with detectable plasma Epstein Barr virus (EBV) DNA after chemoradiotherapy. The presentation will also focus on the ongoing trials with association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemoradiotherapy and the role of EBV DNA during or after treatment among others.
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Cologna, Stephanie M., and Avia Rosenhouse-Dantsker. "Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Cholesterol Binding to the NPC1 and NPC2 Proteins." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 139–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14265-0_8.

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 . "Klachtenregeling KNMP – NPCF." In Klacht en Recht in de zorg, 886–90. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-8643-7_133.

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Müller, Birgit Charlotte. "The Pricing of European Non-Performing Real Estate Loan Portfolios." In Three Essays on Empirical Asset Pricing in International Equity Markets, 94–126. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35479-4_4.

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ZusammenfassungNon-performing loans (NPL), commonly referred to as loans in arrears for at least 90 days, have continuously been characterized as the top priority of the European Central Bank (ECB) and continue to attract central attention (ECB, 2018a,b). With the outbreak of the European debt crisis, the quality of banks’ assets had deteriorated in a manner that, despite robust economic recovery and a variety of regulatory efforts, NPL still today pose a threat to bank and thrift institutions. Against this backdrop, the European regulator requires banks to develop effective strategies for reducing NPL, to set up clear governance and to operate powerful work-out structures (ECB, 2017).
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Schiffer, Sheldon. "Multi-Disciplinary Paths to Actor-Centric Non-Player Character Emotion Models." In Research Anthology on Game Design, Development, Usage, and Social Impact, 365–90. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7589-8.ch019.

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Video game non-player characters (NPCs) are a type of agent that often inherits emotion models and functions from ancestor virtual agents. Few emotion models have been designed for NPCs explicitly, and therefore do not approach the expressive possibilities available to live-action performing actors nor hand-crafted animated characters. With distinct perspectives on emotion generation from multiple fields within narratology and computational cognitive psychology, the architecture of NPC emotion systems can reflect the theories and practices of performing artists. This chapter argues that the deployment of virtual agent emotion models applied to NPCs can constrain the performative aesthetic properties of NPCs. An actor-centric emotion model can accommodate creative processes for actors and may reveal what features emotion model architectures should have that are most useful for contemporary game production of photorealistic NPCs that achieve cinematic acting styles and robust narrative design.
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Schiffer, Sheldon. "Multi-Disciplinary Paths to Actor-Centric Non-Player Character Emotion Models." In Bridging the Gap Between AI, Cognitive Science, and Narratology With Narrative Generation, 17–42. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4864-6.ch002.

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Video game non-player characters (NPCs) are a type of agent that often inherits emotion models and functions from ancestor virtual agents. Few emotion models have been designed for NPCs explicitly, and therefore do not approach the expressive possibilities available to live-action performing actors nor hand-crafted animated characters. With distinct perspectives on emotion generation from multiple fields within narratology and computational cognitive psychology, the architecture of NPC emotion systems can reflect the theories and practices of performing artists. This chapter argues that the deployment of virtual agent emotion models applied to NPCs can constrain the performative aesthetic properties of NPCs. An actor-centric emotion model can accommodate creative processes for actors and may reveal what features emotion model architectures should have that are most useful for contemporary game production of photorealistic NPCs that achieve cinematic acting styles and robust narrative design.
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Corradini, Andrea, and Manish Mehta. "A Graphical Tool for the Creation of Behaviors in Virtual Worlds." In Integrating Cognitive Architectures into Virtual Character Design, 65–93. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0454-2.ch003.

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Typically, the creation of AI-based behaviors for Non-Playing Characters (NPC) in computer games is carried out by people with specialized skills in the broad areas of design and programming. This book chapter presents Second Mind (SM), a digital solution that makes it possible for novice users to successfully author behaviors. In SM, authors can use a graphical interface to define the behaviors of virtual characters in response to interactions with players. Authors can easily endow NPCs with behavior capabilities that make them act in different possible roles such as e.g. shopkeepers, museum hosts, etc. A series of user tests with human subjects to evaluate the behavior authoring process shows that Second Mind is easy to understand and simplifies the process of behavior production.
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Conference papers on the topic "NPCL"

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Williamson, Paul, and Christopher Tubb. "Modelling Player Combat Behaviour For NPC Imitation And Combat Awareness Analysis." In 35th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2021-0205.

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Abstract—NPC [non-player characters] have progressed over the past two decades, they fulfil a number of different roles, each with different problems and development techniques. When fulfilling the role typically reserved for human-players, a problem occurs because they can be identified as NPC by observing their gameplay behaviours. This has negative consequences when deployed in a team-based game where eliminations impact game objectives. This research investigates the key combat characteristics exhibited by players during certain scenarios, analysing the data acquired through experiments to determine where generalised patterns emerge. It also explores the combat awareness of players when NPCs have overly tuned combat skill, and determine how effective standard game industry techniques are for creating believable NPCs.
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Pidaparti, R. M., P. A. Sarma, A. S. C. Sinha, G. Vemuri, and A. M. Gacy. "Nuclear Membrane Dynamics of a Nuclear Pore Complex Structure." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23162.

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Abstract The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an excellent example of a bio-molecular motor, since it operates primarily via energy dependent processes, and performs some of the most vital functions required for the survival of a cell. In the presence of appropriate chemical stimuli, the NPC apparently opens or closes, like a gating mechanism, and permits the flow of material in to and out of the nucleus. An NPC, with typical dimensions of 100–200 nm, is a megadalton (MDa) heteromultimeric protein complex, which spans the nuclear envelope and is postulated to possess a transporter-containing central cylindrical body embedded between cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic rings as shown in Fig.1. A cell has many, presumably identical, NPCs, each of which participates in the import and export of nuclear material from within the nucleus [1–2]. Exactly how this transport occurs through the NPC is an open question, and a very important one, with profound implications for nanoscale devices for fluidic transport, genetic engineering and targeted drug delivery.
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Alonso, Eloi, Maxim Peter, David Goumard, and Joshua Romoff. "Deep Reinforcement Learning for Navigation in AAA Video Games." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/294.

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In video games, \non-player characters (NPCs) are used to enhance the players' experience in a variety of ways, e.g., as enemies, allies, or innocent bystanders. A crucial component of NPCs is navigation, which allows them to move from one point to another on the map. The most popular approach for NPC navigation in the video game industry is to use a navigation mesh (NavMesh), which is a graph representation of the map, with nodes and edges indicating traversable areas. Unfortunately, complex navigation abilities that extend the character's capacity for movement, e.g., grappling hooks, jetpacks, teleportation, or double-jumps, increase the complexity of the NavMesh, making it intractable in many practical scenarios. Game designers are thus constrained to only add abilities that can be handled by a NavMesh. As an alternative to the NavMesh, we propose to use Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) to learn how to navigate 3D maps in video games using any navigation ability. We test our approach on complex 3D environments that are notably an order of magnitude larger than maps typically used in the Deep RL literature. One of these environments is from a recently released AAA video game called Hyper Scape. We find that our approach performs surprisingly well, achieving at least 90% success rate in a variety of scenarios using complex navigation abilities.
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Ferreira Costa, Rafael, Alisson Steffens Henrique, Rodrigo Lyra, Anita Maria da Rocha Fernandes, and Rudimar Luis Scaranto Dazzi. "Proposta de modelo NEAT para jogar One Night Ultimate Werewolf." In Computer on the Beach. São José: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v12.p509-511.

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The use of Artificial Intelligence approaches as NPCs in games is a very common practice, as they seek to convey the impression to players that these characters are somewhat autonomous. One of the approaches used is the technique called NEAT, which consists of making use of artificial neural networks together with genetic algorithms to manage the topology, connections, and weights of a network in an adaptive way. This work presents the proposal to create an NPC for games in a subcategory of board games, those based on bluff and incomplete information. The game used as a case study is One Night Ultimate Werewolf, a social deduction game, so that information is incomplete for players, and part of them must use the bluff in order to confuse other players. The objective is to evaluate the possibility of modeling the behaviors of this type of game for the application of NEAT.
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Paradeda, Raul B., Georgy Freitas, and Anderson Abner Souza. "Aparência e Comportamento do NPC e sua Influência na Tomada de Decisão e Percepção Jogador-NPC." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Ubíqua e Pervasiva. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcup.2023.229984.

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Este estudo exploratório contou com a participação de voluntários em um jogo com NPCs desenvolvido pelos autores deste trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar evidências para provar se a aparência e o comportamento dos NPCs em jogos pode influenciar alguns aspectos relacionados aos jogadores. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que a aparência dos NPCs pode ter um impacto significativo nas emoções, imersão e percepção dos jogadores em relação aos NPCs, bem como em sua tomada de decisão. Foi observado que NPCs mal vestidos provocaram uma influência negativa no estado emocional dos jogadores, enquanto NPCs bem vestidos geraram maior confiança e influenciaram positivamente a tomada de decisão. Essas descobertas podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de personagens mais envolventes e cativantes. Assim, criando personagens que aumentem o envolvimento emocional dos jogadores ocasionando em tomadas de decisões seguindo as preferências dos jogadores. Além disso, o estudo destaca a importância da interação humano-agente em jogos e pode estimular pesquisas adicionais nessa área.
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Xie, Baozhi, Ling Liu, and Lin Zhang. "Stress Propagation in a Hierarchical Energy Dissipating Composite Based on NPSL." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52895.

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Developing advanced energy absorption materials and structures is of both fundamental scientific interest and great technological importance. In this study, we investigate the energy absorption capability of a new composite material under impact loading by using ANSYS and LS-DYNA. This new composite is composed of polymeric matrix and Nanoporous Particle Suspended Liquid (NPSL) fillers. NPSL fillers are embedded in a polymeric matrix to form a composite protective layer on a rigid substrate. A numerical method based on the PLANE162 finite element scheme has been developed specifically to investigate the effects of the various material parameters on the energy absorption efficiency provided by the NPSL-based composite. Among these parameters, activation pressure is at the NPSL level, while filler diameter and spacing are at the composite level. All these parameters show pronounced effects on the mechanical properties of the composite, and they can be engineered by fine-tuning the processing techniques.
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Silva, Guilherme Alves da, and Marcos Wagner de Souza Ribeiro. "Desenvolvimento de NPCs com comportamentos engajados." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbgames_estendido.2021.21511.

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NPCs (Non-Player Character) ou personagens não jogáveis nem sempre possuem comportamentos considerados adequados e responsivos. E, esta artificialidade pode gerar problemas de qualidade em um jogo e até reduzir o interesse do jogador. Com base nesta afirmação, este trabalho apresenta uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) sobre o desenvolvimento de NPCs com comportamentos engajados. A revisão possibilitou o mapeamento e o conhecimento do estado atual dos estudos correlatos, extraindo 18 artigos relacionados ao estado da arte. A partir da análise, verificou-se que determinadas técnicas tradicionalmente usadas pela indústria de jogos digitais têm se tornado um grande obstáculo na geração de comportamento de NPCs mais engajados ao ambiente virtual.
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Valadares, Gabriel Pacini O., and Marcos Wagner S. Ribeiro. "Técnicas de Inteligência Artificial na Criação de Personagens Não Jogáveis: uma Revisão de Literatura." In Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbgames_estendido.2022.226106.

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Os NPCs (Non-Player Character), personagens não jogáveis, nem sempre possuem comportamentos responsivos. E, está artificialidade ou até anomalia pode gerar imprevistos ou problemas de qualidade em um jogo causando até o desinteresse do jogador. Com base nesta afirmação, este trabalho apresenta uma Revisão sistemática de Literatura (RSL) sobre o desenvolvimento de NPCs com comportamentos engajados analisando as principais técnicas de Inteligência Artificial que podem contribuir para a resolução deste problema. A revisão possibilitou o mapeamento e o conhecimento do estado atual dos estudos correlatos, extraindo 32 artigos relacionados ao estado da arte. A partir da análise, verificou-se que a técnica intitulada GOAP (Goal Oriented Action Planning) pode ser uma alternativa na geração de comportamento de NPCs mais engajados em um ambiente virtual.
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Lee, Suvit, Dazhong Yuan, and Bangxian Wu. "Experimental Study on Counter-Gravity Effect of Non-Phase Change Heat Pipes." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22555.

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An innovative concept of Non-Phase Change Heat Pipe (NPC-HP) was recently proposed by the present authors. Different shapes of NPC-HP with different structures have been successfully developed in our laboratory. The heat transfer in NPC-HP is not dependent on phase change, but on pressure response to temperature change. With the external heat source as the driving force, the remarkable pressure rise of the working medium inside NPC-HP resulting from the heat input precedes the rise of the saturated vapor pressure, thus effectively restrains the phase change in the loop pipe and finally results in a special heat transfer mode with phase change suppressed. NPC-HP has much higher heat flux (as high as 104 W/cm2) and much higher heat transfer rate compared to traditional heat transfer components. Besides, NPC-HP overcomes the deficiencies or limitations of conventional heat pipes, such as the dry-up phenomenon, the difficulty of heat transfer in counter-gravitational direction, etc. It is, in fact, a new generation of heat transfer components with a completely new mechanism. In order to testify the counter-gravity effect of NPC-HP, an experiment for downward heat transmission in NPC-HP is arranged. The test result demonstrates the superior capability of downward heat transfer of NPC-HP. For heating power of 275W, heat effectively transmits downwards to the cooling end of the pipe at the vertical distance of 1.68m from the heating position. The temperature difference is about 7°C from the top to the bottom of the pipe. This result is hardly realizable in conventional heat pipes. A preliminary analysis on the mechanism of downward heat transfer is then made. For an effective downward heat transfer, it is essential for NPC-HP to keep phase change effectively and opportunely suppressed in the loop pipe as well as to further keep natural convection restrained. Because of its superior performance, NPC-HP will undoubtedly become a new generation of heat transfer components, and have wide applications in different industries.
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Prévost, Guillaume, Stéphane Cardon, Tristan Cazenave, Christophe Guettier, and Éric Jacopin. "Topological Planning with Post-unique and Unary Actions." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/603.

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We are interested in realistic planning problems to model the behavior of Non-Playable Characters (NPCs) in video games. Search-based action planning, introduced by the game F.E.A.R. in 2005, has an exponential time complexity allowing to control only a dozen NPCs between two frames. A close study of the plans generated in first-person shooters shows that: (1) actions are unary, (2) actions are contextually post-unique and (3) there is no two instances of the same action in an NPC’s plan. By considering (1), (2) and (3) as restrictions, we introduce new classes of problems with the Simplified Action Structure formalism which indeed allow to model realistic problems and whose instances are solvable by a linear-time algorithm. We also experimentally show that our algorithm is capable of managing millions of NPCs per frame.
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Reports on the topic "NPCL"

1

Heaney, Kevin D. North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) - Towed Array Measurements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531750.

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Baggeroer, Arthur B., and Edward K. Scheer. NPAL Acoustic Noise Field Coherence and Broadband Full Field Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541642.

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Baggeroer, Arthur B., Henrik Schmidt, and Edward K. Scheer. NPAL Acoustic Noise Field Coherence and Broadband Full Field Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625588.

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Olakojo, S., E. Renedo, and M. King. Time-to-patent: Does NPL support accelerate innovation? National Physical Laboratory, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.iea18.

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Stephen, Ralph A., and Peter F. Worcester. Ocean Bottom Seismometer Augmentation of the NPAL 2010-2011 Philippine Sea Experiment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada571818.

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6

Reda, I., M. Dooraghi, and A. Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 22-26, 2014 (NPC-2014). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1160195.

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Lines, K., and H. Krishnamurthy. Model-based systems engineering at NPL: an initial investigation. National Physical Laboratory, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.ms42.

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Reda, Ibrahim M., Michael R. Dooraghi, Afshin M. Andreas, and Aron M. Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 24 - October 5, 2018 (NPC-2018). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1480238.

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Reda, I., M. Dooraghi, and A. Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparison: September 16 to 27, 2013 (NPC-2013). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1111204.

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Reda, Ibrahim, Mike Dooraghi, Afshin Andreas, and Aron Habte. NREL Pyrheliometer Comparisons: September 26-October 7, 2016 (NPC-2016). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330800.

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