Academic literature on the topic 'Noyau cellulaire – Propriétés mécaniques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Noyau cellulaire – Propriétés mécaniques"
HERPIN, P., M. DAMON, J. F. HOCQUETTE, F. MÉDALE, L. MOSONI, G. STÉPIEN, C. WRUTNIAK-CABELLO, and G. CABELLO. "Implication des mitochondries dans la biologie musculaire : un rôle clé au cours du développement, de la croissance et de la fonte musculaire." INRAE Productions Animales 19, no. 4 (September 13, 2006): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2006.19.4.3493.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Noyau cellulaire – Propriétés mécaniques"
Rayer, Mégane. "Mécanisme de génération de forces par les cellules apoptotiques lors de la morphogenèse de la drosophile." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30169.
Full textEach animal species acquires a specific shape during development. The generation of mechanical forces is one of the strategies used by cells to sculpt organs. During animal development, the mechanical forces generated in the plane of adherens junctions are important for epithelium remodeling. These planar forces have been extensively studied over the last years. This is particularly the case during apical constriction of mesodermal cells during drosophila embryo gastrulation. The reduction of the cell's apex is considered a fundamental process to trigger invagination of this tissue. However, recently, it has been shown that forces can also be generated along the cell apico-basal axis. The team in which I did my thesis has shown that these forces are important for the formation of folds during drosophila leg development. In this process, before their disappearance, cells form an apico-basal myosin structure, called "myosin cable". The force created by the contraction of the cable is transmitted to the cell's neighbors, inducing cell shape changes progressively resulting in fold formation. However, the mechanisms required for apico-basal force generation remained unknown. The goal of my thesis was to study in detail how the cells destined to die could generate an effective force. We made the hypothesis that the myosin cable should be anchored at the apical and basal cell poles in order to promote a resistance to the cable contraction, and to allow force transmission to the neighbors. Therefore, my aim was to identify these anchoring points thanks to imaging and genetics technics. First, I had identified apical anchor point. Indeed, apoptotic cells reduce their apex but maintain their adherens junctions. The apical extremity of the myosin cable colocalizes to this adhesion structure. Secondly, I searched for the basal anchor point of myosin cable. Surprisingly, I observed that the nucleus of apoptotic cells is systematically relocated on the basal cell half and that the myosin cable contacts it. I tested whether the nucleus plays a role in myosin cable anchorage by perturbing its basal localization. The loss of function of Klarsicht, a LINC complex protein, prevents the cell to deform its neighbors, showing that, in this context the force is strongly or totally abolished. Finally, I have shown that the apoptotic nucleus itself is anchored to the basal side in order to promote a resistance during cable contraction. Indeed, I studied nuclei mobility and showed that apoptotic nuclei are less mobile than non-apoptotic nuclei. I also showed that F-actin and Talin, a basal adhesion component, are required for apoptotic nucleus stability. Furthermore, I have observed that, during cable contraction, the nucleus moves back apically and that it deforms locally. Finally, laser ablation experiments of the myosin cable show an apical recoil of apical surface and a basal recoil of the nucleus. Thus, the force generated by the apoptotic cells is transmitted in the apico-basal axis thanks to the link between apical adherence, cable and nucleus. My work highlights a new mechanism of force generation. This new mechanism of apico-basal force could be conserved in other cell types in additional invagination processes during morphogenesis. My results also show that the nucleus plays a new role, beyond the protection of the genome, by participating actively in force generation
Caillez, Fabien. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques des protéines par modélisation moléculaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077063.
Full textDue to their importance for function, the mechanical properties of proteins are the subject of great attention. We have used molecular modeling techniques to gain a better understanding of these properties. We have notably used molecular dynamics simulations to study the dynamics of E-cadherin molecules which are involved in cellular adhesion. The influence of the presence of calcium ions has been monitored in the context of the change in flexibility and dimerisation. We have also examined three dimeric conformations observed experimentally and discussed their potential involvement in adhesion. We have also developed various methodological tools for the theoretical study of proteins. The first is a new index to measure protein flexibility at the single amino acid level, via the use of restrained energy minimisations. This method also allows us to determine dynamical domains within protein structures by analyzing the deformations caused by the restraints. We have also developed a new multi-scale representation of proteins, containing both coarse-grained and all-atom residues. This representation should allow us to study large Systems while keeping atomic precision within the most important parts of the protein
Ghibaudo, Marion. "Influence des propriétés mécaniques du substrat sur l'adhésion et la migration cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345790.
Full textGhibaudo, Marion. "Influence des propriétés mécaniques du substrat sur la migration de l'adhésion cellulaire." Paris 7, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345790v2.
Full textCell adhesion and migration play a significant role in numerous cell mechanisms, from morphogenesis to metastasis. It is well known that the cell micro-mechanical environment has a strong influence on multiple cell functions such as adhesion, migration and also differentiation. To control the cell environment properties, we chose to combine micro-fabrication techniques, adapted from micro-electronics, with cell and molecular biology. We focused on the influence of substrate stiffness on cell, here fibroblasts, migration and forces on their matrix. For that, we used flexible micro-pillars as force detectors. We showed that cells adapt the forces they exert on their substrate to its rigidity. We then studied the influence of substrate topography on cell migration. We also used micro-posts, but with higher dimensions (5 to 10 times larger). Migrating cells encounter fiat and bumpy surfaces when migrating. We showed that in these environments, cells adopt a behavior close to the one observed in a 3D environment, and also that the nucleus stiffness is involved in this behavior. Then we did a preliminary work on spreading cells in these environments
Proag, Amsha. "Sensibilité de cellules vivantes aux propriétés mécaniques et géométriques de leur environnement." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077056.
Full textAnimal tissues constitute highly organized biological Systems, where the cellular and rmulticellular levels are in constant interrelation. Not only do cells regulate their behaviour via biochemical signalling: they also transmit mechanical stimuli, through the cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes, which leads to the formation of a tridimensional collective organization where cells and tissues constrain each other. To investigate the mechanical and geometrical aspects of intercellular interactions, we cultivated epithelial tissues on artificial micro-environments. We manufactured polyacrylamide and polydimethylsiloxane microstructured substrates with precise stiffness and geometry, which we grew MDCK epithelia on. We also modulated the adhesive properties of these substrates in order to confine a single cell and simulate the topological constraints of the tissue on an individual cell. After staining the internal components which govern cell architecture, we were able to obtain 3D images using confocal microscopy and to quantify the morphology of the cells. The measured volume distributions of cells and nuclei differed according to their localization within the tissue, as well as to the geometry and stiffness of the environment. Modifying these experimental parameters made it possible to observe the effect of external constraints on cell morphology. Finally, we found that the tissue profile depended on the topography of the substrate, and we suggested a mode! which correlates both organizational levels
Boucher, Julie. "Glycation des protéines intracellulaires : impact sur la fonction contractile cellulaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6847.
Full textWendling-Mansuy, Sylvie. "Loi de comportement d'une structure de tenségrité élémentaire : application à la mécanique cellulaire." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120111.
Full textCuerrier, Charles M. "Modulation des propriétés mécaniques de cellules stimulées par l'angiotensine II, la thrombine et la bradykinine implications vasculaires." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4308.
Full textLefeuvre, Anaële. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés des fibres de lin (Linum Usitatissimum L. , variétés Marylin et Andréa) en fonction des pratiques culturales sur le plateau du Neubourg. Fibres destinées au renforcement de matériaux composites." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES024.
Full textThis thesis was done in collaboration with the Coopérative de Teillage de Lin du plateau du Neubourg (CTLN) which wants to sell some of their producted fibers for composite reinforcement. The aim was to develop knowledge about the variability of mechanical properties and cell wall composition of flax fibers in function of several cimatic scenarios (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) and pedologic conditions (Nord/Sud/Est/Ouest) on a restricted geographical area (Plateau du Neubourg, Eure, Haute-Normandie) for two varieties (Marylin/Andréa). The study of mechanical properties and cell wall composition showed that pedo-climatic conditions are the most impactant factors. Nevertheless, an ANOVA statistical analysis revealed that their impacts were in a small range and that it is possible to garrantee minimal values of mechanical properties which are competitive with glass fibre’s one, what ever the year. The analysis of stress-strain curves highlighted the importance of the non-linear TIII behavior and permitted to modelize structural modifications happening inside the cell wall during tensile sollicitations
Charrier, Elisabeth. "Implication de la desmine dans les propriétés mécaniques des cellules musculaires squelettiques dans le contexte des desminopathies." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077170.
Full textDesminopathies are neuromuscular genetic diseases caused by mutations in the desmin gene. They are characterized by the presence in muscles of aggregates containing desmin and by degenerative changes of the contractile apparatus. Although desminopathies have been largely studied at clinical level, the different steps that lead from a desmin gene mutation to progressive muscle weakness are stiil unclear. We investigated this problem in early stages of disease pathology and within an isogenic background, by using C2C12 myoblasts electroporated with the E413K mutant desmin. We first show that the expression of this mutant induces a large desmin network disorganization associated with important aggregate formation. We also compared the mechanical properties of wild-type C2C12 cells, cells over-expressing desmin-WT-GFP and cells expressing mutated desmin E413K-GFP. We show that the three cell types share similar visco-elastic moduli of the cortex, whereas expression of WT-desmin -but not of mutated desmin — increases the overall rigidity of cells. We finally investigated the impact of mutated desmin on the contractility of myoblasts in two different geometries, with a custom-made single cell technique, and with Traction Force Microscopy. We show that E413K-mutation significantly decreases cell contraction abilities. We thus demonstrate for the first time that the impaired contractile strength of muscles observed in desminopathies is already present at very early stage, in isolated myoblasts and at very short time of mutated desmin expression. Finally we have begun to investigate the effect of E413K mutated desmin expression on engineered microtissues made of C2C12 myoblasts
Book chapters on the topic "Noyau cellulaire – Propriétés mécaniques"
MARTIN, Madge, Claire MORIN, and Stéphane AVRIL. "Mécanorégulation dans les tissus mous : application aux calcifications artérielles." In Mécanique des tissus vivants, 243–87. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9160.ch8.
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