Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nox scaling

Academic literature on the topic 'Nox scaling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Nox scaling.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Nox scaling"

1

Ainslie, B., and D. G. Steyn. "A scaling analysis of ozone photochemistry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (September 11, 2006): 4067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4067-2006.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. A scaling analysis has been used to capture the integrated behaviour of several photochemical mechanisms for a wide range of precursor concentrations and a variety of environmental conditions. The Buckingham Pi method of dimensional analysis was used to express the relevant variables in terms of dimensionless groups. These grouping show maximum ozone, initial NOx and initial VOC concentrations are made non-dimensional by the average NO2 photolysis rate (jav) and the rate constant for the NO–O3 titration reaction (kNO); temperature by the NO–O3 activation energy (ENO) and Boltzmann constant (k) and total irradiation time by the cumulative javΔt photolysis rate. The analysis shows dimensionless maximum ozone concentration can be described by a product of powers of dimensionless initial NOx concentration, dimensionless temperature, and a similarity curve directly dependent on the ratio of initial VOC to NOx concentration and implicitly dependent on the cumulative NO2 photolysis rate. When Weibull transformed, the similarity relationship shows a scaling break with dimensionless model output clustering onto two straight line segments, parameterized using four variables: two describing the slopes of the line segments and two giving the location of their intersection. A fifth parameter is used to normalize the model output. The scaling analysis, similarity curve and parameterization appear to be independent of the details of the chemical mechanism, hold for a variety of VOC species and mixtures and a wide range of temperatures and actinic fluxes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Xie, Wenda, Ting Shi, Bing Ge, and Shusheng Zang. "Effects of scaling laws on flow and combustion characteristics of lean premixed swirl burners." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 6 (December 20, 2022): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/jgpps/156121.

Full text
Abstract:
Modern heavy gas turbine combustors are always huge, so it is difficult and costly to do experiment. Thus, geometry scaling method has come into sight. In this paper, based on a single lean premixed swirl burner, validated computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was used to study the effects of different scaling laws on various scalling models from 1/2 to 1/10. Experimental study on prototype combustor and the 3/5 scale model under full operating condition is also carried out to verify the NOx emission under different laws. Results showed that DaI scaling law was able to maintain good similarity under combustion state when scaling factor = 1/2–1/5, while Re scaling law would bring significant changes on flow and flame characteristics. The emission of NOx is also similar to prototype by using Da<sc>i</sc> law. But Re law could keep flow characteristics under non-combustion state. It is suggested that Dai law is suitable for lean premixed swirl combustor geometry scaling.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ainslie, B., and D. G. Steyn. "A scaling analysis of ozone photochemistry: I Model development." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 6 (December 19, 2005): 12957–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-12957-2005.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. A scaling analysis has been used to capture the integrated behaviour of several photochemical mechanisms for a wide range of precursor concentrations and a variety of environmental conditions. The Buckingham Pi method of dimensional analysis was used to express the relevant variables in terms of dimensionless groups. These grouping show maximum ozone, initial NOx and initial VOC concentrations are made non-dimensional by the average NO2 photolysis rate (jav) and the rate constant for the NO-O3 titration reaction (kNO); temperature by the NO-O3 activation energy (ENO) and Boltzmann constant (k) and total irradiation time by the cumulative javΔt photolysis rate (π3). The analysis shows dimensionless maximum ozone concentration can be described by a product of powers of dimensionless initial NOx concentration, dimensionless temperature, and a similarity curve directly dependent on the ratio of initial VOC to NOx concentration and implicitly dependent on the cumulative NO2 photolysis rate. When Weibull transformed, the similarity relationship shows a scaling break with dimensionless model output clustering onto two straight line segments, parameterized using four variables: two describing the slopes of the line segments and two giving the location of their intersection. A fifth parameter is used to normalize the model output. The scaling analysis, similarity curve and parameterization appear to be independent of the details of the chemical mechanism, hold for a variety of VOC species and mixtures and a wide range of temperatures and actinic fluxes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Tang, W., D. Cohan, L. N. Lamsal, X. Xiao, and W. Zhou. "Inverse modeling of Texas NO<sub>x</sub> emissions using space-based and ground-based NO<sub>2</sub> observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 7 (July 2, 2013): 17479–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-17479-2013.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Inverse modeling of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions using satellite-based NO2 observations has become more prevalent in recent years, but has rarely been applied to regulatory modeling at regional scales. In this study, OMI satellite observations of NO2 column densities are used to conduct inverse modeling of NOx emission inventories for two Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP) modeling episodes. Addition of lightning, aircraft, and soil NOx emissions to the regulatory inventory narrowed but did not close the gap between modeled and satellite observed NO2 over rural regions. Satellite-based top-down emission inventories are created with the regional Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) using two techniques: the direct scaling method and discrete Kalman filter (DKF) with Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) sensitivity analysis. The simulations with satellite-inverted inventories are compared to the modeling results using the a priori inventory as well as an inventory created by a ground-level NO2 based DKF inversion. The DKF inversions yield conflicting results: the satellite-based inversion scales up the a priori NOx emissions in most regions by factors of 1.02 to 1.84, leading to 3–55% increase in modeled NO2 column densities and 1–7 ppb increase in ground 8 h ozone concentrations, while the ground-based inversion indicates the a priori NOx emissions should be scaled by factors of 0.34 to 0.57 in each region. However, none of the inversions improve the model performance in simulating aircraft-observed NO2 or ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Tang, W., D. S. Cohan, L. N. Lamsal, X. Xiao, and W. Zhou. "Inverse modeling of Texas NO<sub>x</sub> emissions using space-based and ground-based NO<sub>2</sub> observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 21 (November 12, 2013): 11005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11005-2013.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Inverse modeling of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions using satellite-based NO2 observations has become more prevalent in recent years, but has rarely been applied to regulatory modeling at regional scales. In this study, OMI satellite observations of NO2 column densities are used to conduct inverse modeling of NOx emission inventories for two Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP) modeling episodes. Addition of lightning, aircraft, and soil NOx emissions to the regulatory inventory narrowed but did not close the gap between modeled and satellite-observed NO2 over rural regions. Satellite-based top-down emission inventories are created with the regional Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) using two techniques: the direct scaling method and discrete Kalman filter (DKF) with decoupled direct method (DDM) sensitivity analysis. The simulations with satellite-inverted inventories are compared to the modeling results using the a priori inventory as well as an inventory created by a ground-level NO2-based DKF inversion. The DKF inversions yield conflicting results: the satellite-based inversion scales up the a priori NOx emissions in most regions by factors of 1.02 to 1.84, leading to 3–55% increase in modeled NO2 column densities and 1–7 ppb increase in ground 8 h ozone concentrations, while the ground-based inversion indicates the a priori NOx emissions should be scaled by factors of 0.34 to 0.57 in each region. However, none of the inversions improve the model performance in simulating aircraft-observed NO2 or ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Edland, Rikard, Fredrik Normann, Thomas Allgurén, Christian Fredriksson, and Klas Andersson. "Scaling of Pulverized-Fuel Jet Flames That Apply Large Amounts of Excess Air—Implications for NOx Formation." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 12, 2019): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142680.

Full text
Abstract:
Measures to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation in industrial combustion processes often require up-scaling through pilot-scale facilities prior to being implemented in commercial scale, and scaling is therefore an important aspect of achieving lower NOx emissions. The current paper is a combined experimental and modelling study that aims to expand the understanding of constant velocity scaling for industrial jet flames applying high amounts of excess air. These types of flames are found in e.g., rotary kilns for production of iron ore pellets. The results show that, even if the combustion settings, velocity, and temperature profiles are correctly scaled, the concentration of oxygen experienced by the fuel during char combustion will scale differently. As the NO formation from the char combustion is important in these flames, the differences induced by the scaling has important impacts on the efficiencies of the applied primary measures. Increasing the rate of char combustion (to increase the Damköhler number), by using, for example, smaller-sized particles, in the pilot-scale is recommended to improve scaling.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ensberg, J. J., M. Carreras-Sospedra, and D. Dabdub. "Impacts of electronically photo-excited NO<sub>2</sub> on air pollution control strategies in the South Coast Air Basin of California." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 5 (September 11, 2009): 18985–9008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-18985-2009.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. A new path for hydroxyl radical formation via photo-excitation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water is evaluated using the UCI-CIT model for the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB). Two separate studies predict different reaction rates, which differ by nearly an order of magnitude, for the reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water. Impacts of this new chemical mechanism on ozone and particulate matter formation, while utilizing both reaction rates, are quantified by simulating a two-day summer episode. In addition, sensitivity simulations are conducted to evaluate the uncertainty in the rate of reaction of photo-excited NO2 with water reported in the literature. Results indicate that the addition of photo-excited NO2 chemistry increases peak 1-h average ozone concentrations by up to 20.6%. Also, the new chemistry leads to moderate increases in particulate matter concentrations of up to 2.9%. The importance of this new chemistry is then evaluated in the context of pollution control strategies. A series of simulations are conducted to generate isopleths for ozone and particulate matter concentrations, varying baseline nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds emissions. Results show that including NO2 photo-excitation increases the sensitivity of ozone concentration to changes in NOx emissions. Namely, increasing NOx when NO2 photo-excitation is included, while utilizing the higher reaction rate, leads to an increase in ozone concentration of up to 38.7% higher than a case without photo-excited NO2. Ozone and particulate matter control strategies rely heavily on the variation of NOx and VOC emissions and the addition of the new chemical mechanism increases peak ozone and 24-h average PM concentrations in all locations under all NOx and VOC scaling factors while utilizing both reaction rates. Therefore, three-dimensional air quality models should be modified to include this new OH production mechanism, especially if used to develop emission controls strategies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hwang, Jeongjae, Kitae Sohn, Nicolas Bouvet, and Youngbin Yoon. "NOx Scaling of Syngas H2/CO Turbulent Non-Premixed Jet Flames." Combustion Science and Technology 185, no. 12 (December 2, 2013): 1715–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2013.831847.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

SZEGO, G., B. DALLY, and G. NATHAN. "Scaling of NOx emissions from a laboratory-scale mild combustion furnace." Combustion and Flame 154, no. 1-2 (July 2008): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.02.001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Simon, Heather, Barron H. Henderson, R. Chris Owen, Kristen M. Foley, Michelle G. Snyder, and Sue Kimbrough. "Variability in Observation-Based Onroad Emission Constraints from a Near-Road Environment." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111243.

Full text
Abstract:
This study uses Las Vegas near-road measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to test the consistency of onroad emission constraint methodologies. We derive commonly used CO to NOx ratios (∆CO:∆NOx) from cross-road gradients and from linear regression using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and orthogonal regression. The CO to NOx ratios are used to infer NOx emission adjustments for a priori emissions estimates from EPA’s MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) model assuming unbiased CO. The assumption of unbiased CO emissions may not be appropriate in many circumstances but was implemented in this analysis to illustrate the range of NOx scaling factors that can be inferred based on choice of methods and monitor distance alone. For the nearest road estimates (25 m), the cross-road gradient and ordinary least squares (OLS) agree with each other and are not statistically different from the MOVES-based emission estimate while ∆CO:∆NOx from orthogonal regression is significantly higher than the emitted ratio from MOVES. Using further downwind measurements (i.e., 115 m and 300 m) increases OLS and orthogonal regression estimates of ∆CO:∆NOx but not cross-road gradient ∆CO:∆NOx. The inferred NOx emissions depend on the observation-based method, as well as the distance of the measurements from the roadway and can suggest either that MOVES NOx emissions are unbiased or that they should be adjusted downward by between 10% and 47%. The sensitivity of observation-based ∆CO:∆NOx estimates to the selected monitor location and to the calculation method characterize the inherent uncertainty of these methods that cannot be derived from traditional standard-error based uncertainty metrics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nox scaling"

1

Hussain, Mazhur. "Laser diagnosis of gas turbine fuel sprays : scaling effects on NOx emissions and stability." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8291.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis first provided strategic recommendations for the research sponsor, Rolls- Royce plc (RR) and then applied optical diagnostics to measure aero gas turbine fuel spray properties in order to predict Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions and combustion instability. Analysis of the large civil aero engine sector suggested possible courses of action for RR to protect itself from short-term market volatilities and also prepare for three long term changes in strategic operating context: air traffic growth; tighter United Nations enforced aero engine combustion emissions legislation and entry of civil aviation into the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. A collaborative game theoretic approach was explored during the pre-competitive, pre-technology, capability acquisition aero engine design phase on unproven future technologies to reduce R&D expenditures, development times and the costs of failure. Lean Prevapourised Premixed combustion demands excellent spray atomisation quality to sustain combustion efficiency, stability and to minimise pollutants. Post development of an improved procedure to calibrate laser signals, methodology to predict NOx and technique to optimise rig operating conditions that minimised fractional discrepancies in two-phase flow behaviour with corresponding engine conditions, this thesis applied quantitative Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and Laser Sheet Dropsizing (LSD) to measure the fuel placement and dropsize distribution in the near nozzle regions of RR liquid-fuelled hybrid, airblast and pressure-swirl sprays. Measurements were made under non-combusting, low pressure conditions and results were processed to identify fuel injector designs that exhibited low emissions and high stability for the Affordable Near Term Low Emissions (ANTLE) and Instability Control of Low Emission Aero-Engine Combustors (ICLEAC) engine demonstrator programmes. Results also provided validation data and boundary conditions for spray computational codes. Research findings will improve RR core competencies in fuel injection research to accelerate the development and deployment of low emissions aero engine technology.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lübeck, Sven. "Universal scaling behavior of non-equilibrium phase transitions." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973492562.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bell, S. C. "Scaling theory of non-linear and incommensurate systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376893.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sbeih, Reema. "NON-LINEAR MAPS BETWEEN SUBSETS OF BANACH SPACES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1251217291.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gray, Jonathan David. "Non-Newtonian scaling of blood flow in a femoral bypass." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399059.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Garland, James Matthew. "Beam dynamics studies of the EMMA linear non-scaling FFAG." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/beam-dynamics-studies-of-the-emma-linear-nonscaling-ffag(5b375a2d-0636-422d-a0d6-2cc941ebd01f).html.

Full text
Abstract:
The development of charged particle accelerators is today reaching far beyond the realm of fundamental particle physics research. Many non-trivial social and political problems may find part of their solution lies in accelerator physics. For example, with fossil fuels becoming ever more controversial and expensive to obtain, the use of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical Reactors (ADSR) powered by rapid cycling, high current proton accelerators and thorium fuel could become part of the energy solution. Through the simplicity of the Bragg peak, cancer therapy could be enhanced through the use of high repetition rate, variable energy proton accelerators small enough to use in treatment centres. The growing problem of long lived nuclear waste storage could become a moot point through the use of high current, high power proton accelerators coupled with neutron spallation. These rapidly growing areas of study are fuelled by the development of the Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) accelerator, and more recently the non-scaling FFAG. The FFAG has the ability to accelerate high current, low quality bunches of particles in very short time scales due to the fixed-field nature of its magnets. This rapid acceleration can be of the order 500 nanoseconds to 1 microsecond meaning a fast cycling rate of the machine is possible. This allows the realistic development of the ADSR, proton therapy machine and even the muon accelerator. The Electron Model with Many Applications (EMMA) accelerator is the world's first linear non-scaling FFAG and is an electron proof-of-principle accelerator based at Daresbury Laboratory, UK. EMMA can accelerate over its energy range of 10 - 20 MeV in approximately 5 - 10 machine revolutions (~275 - 500 nanoseconds) using fixed-frequency novel acceleration techniques. The accelerator contains fixed-field, constant gradient quadrupole magnets which provide all the bending and focussing to the particles. Due to the linear non-scaling nature of EMMA, many transverse integer tune values are crossed which typically cause resonant effects resulting in bunch degradation and loss. It was proposed and demonstrated that rapid crossing (in 5 - 10 turns) of integer tune values in EMMA did not result in transverse amplitude growth and particle loss. If the wider societal goals of the non-scaling FFAG are to be realised, protons and other heavy ions must be accelerated. Current technological limitations dictate that longer acceleration times of the order 1000's of turns would be necessary in proton machines of similar design to EMMA. Hence slower integer tune crossing was studied using acceleration in a synchrotron bucket in EMMA. It was found experimentally that below the nominal EMMA operating acceleration rate of 2.0 MV per turn, instabilities begin to manifest. This was indicated in the growth of closed orbit distortion (COD) and through simulation it was found that betatron amplitude growth coupled with COD resulted in eventual loss of particles to the physical aperture when crossing integer tunes. Through simulation, the amplitude growth of particles crossing integer tunes in the EMMA non-scaling FFAG was found to agree with a theory of resonance crossing proposed by R. Baartman. This theory shows that amplitude growth is proportional to $1/\sqrt(Q')$ where $Q'$ is the tune crossing rate of the particles. This means that the slower the acceleration, the slower an integer tune is crossed and hence more amplitude is gained. It was also shown that strength of the magnetic errors driving the resonant conditions was proportional to the amplitude growth.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Sublette, Michelle A. "USABILITY IS NOT JUST USABILITY: DISCOVERING THE STRATEGIES USED BY NON-EXPERTS IN MAKING USABILITY PREDICTIONS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/114.

Full text
Abstract:
Much of the research on metacognition in human factors has focused on prescriptive, normative strategy training. That is, many researchers have concentrated their efforts on finding ways to improve system users’ prediction, planning, monitoring and evaluation strategies for tasks. However little research has focused on the strategies and heuristics users employ on their own to make usability predictions. Understanding usability prediction methods is critical because users’ predictions inform their expectations about whether they will make errors using a product, how much effort they will need to expend to be successful in using the product, whether they can perform two tasks successfully at the same time, whether the costs of learning to use a device are worth the benefits of using it, which tools will assist in accomplishing goals and which tools will make performing the same task more difficult. The following study aims to identify the specific strategies people use to make usability predictions about product designs. From these strategies a set of guidelines, for designers who wish to ensure users’ expectations meet post hoc usability assessments, were proposed. The study was completed in two phases. During the first phase of this study, prediction strategies were elicited by 1) asking participants to make routine product usability judgments, from which implicit strategies can be inferred, and by 2) using explicit free-response methods. Judgments were analyzed using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) methods to establish the number of dimensions that are implicitly used to predict usability. Subject matter experts (SMEs) coded free-response strategies using coding schemes developed in a pilot study. SMEs will also matched user strategies to formal, professional usability standards. The outcome of Phase 1 was usability taxonomy for classifying usability strategies that includes both expert and user language. The procedure was repeated with three different product design classes to determine how strategies differ as a function of the to-be-judged product. During the second phase of the study, a new group of participants rated specific usability attributes of designs to validate the strategies collected from users’ free-responses in Phase 1. Attributes were selected based on the strategies discovered in Phase 1. These usability attribute ratings helped to inform interpretations of the dimensions of the MDS model generated in Phase 1 and provided input into defining the usability attributes that influenced usability predictions. Results of this study reveal that the type design class participants evaluated had a significant effect on the type of strategy participants used to make their a priori usability assessments (UAs). Participants reported using “complexity” or “organization” most often to predict the usability of cookbooks. Participants reported using “mental simulation” or “typicality/familiarity” most often for predicting the usability of drinking glasses. Participants reported using “complexity,” “organization,” and to a lesser extent “typicality/familiarity,” and “mental simulation” as strategies for predicting the usability of cooktops. MDS methods were used to uncover the underlying dimension of the UA space. For drinking glasses, the “fanciness” and “holdability” were associated with UAs. For cooktops, “the number of controls” and whether participants believed “it was easy to understand how each burner was controlled” were associated with making UAs. And for cookbooks, “the length of the instructions” and “poor contrast of the text with the background” were associated with UAs. Overall, there is evidence that at least some participants in Phase 2 used terminology that was consistent with the terminology people used to describe the designs during Phase 1 and that these were congruent with the uncovered strategies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Fritsch, Peter. "Non-Equilibrium Scaling Analysis of Quantum Dots in the Kondo Regime." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-102277.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Chan, Chun Keung. "A study on non-volatile memory scaling in the sub-100nm regime /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202005%20CHAN.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Thompson, Carla L. "Scaling the Zachman Framework a software development methodology for non-enterprise applications /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/CThompson2006.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Nox scaling"

1

D, Schertzer, and Lovejoy S. 1956-, eds. Non-linear variability in geophysics: Scaling and fractals. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Markowitz, Lisa Beth. The precarious balance of "scaling up": Women's organizations in the Americas. East Lansing, Mich: Women and International Development, Michigan State University, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

J, McKane A., North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Scale Invariance, Interfaces, and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics (1994 : Cambridge, England), eds. Scale invariance, interfaces, and non-equilibrium dynamics. New York: Plenum Press, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Crotin, David L. A non-linear scaling function with application to a scalable human head model. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Michel, Pleimling, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions: Volume 2: Ageing and Dynamical Scaling Far from Equilibrium. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Casey, Linda. Scaling up youth HIV/AIDS prevention: The experience of Pathfinder International and the Foundation for Community Development in Inhambane Province, Mozambique. Maputo, Mozambique: Pathfinder International Mozambique, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bekunda, Mateete, Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon, and Jonathan Odhong, eds. Sustainable agricultural intensification: a handbook for practitioners in East and Southern Africa. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621602.0000.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This book presents some of the improved agricultural technologies that were validated by the Africa RISING Project in East and Southern Africa (ESA), focusing on smallholder farmers in Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia, and working in partnership with development (scaling) institutions. It consists of 11 chapters. Chapter 1 shows how gender concerns must be woven into all sustainable intensification (SI) interventions to produce equitable outcomes. It describes activities to enhance women's participation, measure the benefits, and transform gender relations. Chapter 2 describes the performance of new cereal and legume crop varieties introduced by Africa RISING into agroecosystems in which they had not been tested before. Chapter 3 presents technologies to diversify the common maize-dominated cropping systems and address human nutrition, improve soil organic matter, and maximize the benefits of applying fertilizer. Chapter 4 presents technologies for replacing the nutrients lost from cropped fields with external fertilizer sources in a manner that minimizes the consequences of too little or too much application. Chapter 5 is about soil conservation. Chapter 6 presents conservation agriculture, which can help smallholder farmers build better resilience to the consequences of climate change and variable weather. Improved technologies for drying, shelling, and hermetic storage of grain are presented in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 provides information to help farmers use outputs from crop production systems to formulate supplementary feed. Chapter 9 follows with technologies that allow well-planned nutrition-specific interventions (recipes) to utilize various livestock and crop products to enhance family nutrition, with specific attention paid to diets for children. Chapter 10 presents examples from the preceding chapters to illustrate the potential impacts of interconnected technologies. Lastly, Chapter 11 presents experiences and lessons learned from using these approaches to transfer and scale the technologies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Streiner, David L., Geoffrey R. Norman, and John Cairney. Scaling responses. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199685219.003.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter presents various ways of presenting the response options to the respondent. It begins by discussing why dichotomous responses (e.g. yes/no, true/false) are often inadequate. Different alternatives are discussed, including direct estimation methods (e.g. visual analogue scales, adjectival scales, Likert scales), comparative methods (e.g. paired comparisons, Guttman scaling), and econometric methods. It reviews some of the issues that need to be considered in writing the response options, such as whether one should use a unipolar or bipolar scale, how many steps there should be, and whether all the response options need to be labelled. It also covers what statistical tests can legitimately be used with scales. Finally, it compares ratings with rankings, and introduces the method of multidimensional scaling.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics: Scaling and Fractals. Springer, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Schertzer, D., and S. Lovejoy. Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics: Scaling and Fractals. Springer, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Nox scaling"

1

Bronstein, Alexander, Michael Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel. "Multidimensional Scaling." In Numerical Geometry of Non-Rigid Shapes, 137–67. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73301-2_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sezgi, Funda, and Johanna Mair. "To Control or Not Control: A Coordination Perspective to Scaling." In Scaling Social Impact, 29–44. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230113565_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Antoniadis, Antonios, and Chien-Chung Huang. "Non-preemptive Speed Scaling." In Algorithm Theory – SWAT 2012, 249–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31155-0_22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Vichi, Maurizio. "Non-Metric Full-Multidimensional Scaling." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 163–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60126-2_21.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Anderson, Colin Ray, Janneke Bruil, M. Jahi Chappell, Csilla Kiss, and Michel Patrick Pimbert. "Conceptualizing Processes of Agroecological Transformations: From Scaling to Transition to Transformation." In Agroecology Now!, 29–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61315-0_3.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractIn this chapter, we survey the recent literature that speaks directly to the issue of bringing agroecology to scale. We discuss the shift towards analytical frameworks that consider not only the farm level but rather whole food system transformations. We then introduce the multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions which we adopt for the purpose of this book. Moving beyond the technical analysis often found in research on sustainability ‘transitions’, our approach thus adopts agency-centric approach to food systems ‘transformation’. To do this, we introduce the notion of domains of transformation, which represent discrete areas where the conflict between agroecology and the dominant food regime manifests and where the potential for collective and transformation is transformation is most potent.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sadowski, Łukasz, and Jerzy Hoła. "The Calibration and Scaling of Test Equipment." In Non-Destructive Diagnostics of Concrete Floors, 57–62. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003288374-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Gupta, V. K., and E. Waymire. "On Lognormality and Scaling in Spatial Rainfall Averages?" In Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics, 175–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2147-4_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ladoy, Ph, S. Lovejoy, and D. Schertzer. "Extreme Variability of Climatological Data: Scaling and Intermittency." In Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics, 241–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2147-4_17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Van Atta, C. W., and K. Poddar. "Scaling and Structure Functions in Turbulent Shear Flows." In Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics, 83–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2147-4_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Klimkeit, Marco, and Paul Benson. "Pricing for Publisher: Scaling Value, Not Volume." In Management for Professionals, 255–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25023-6_21.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Nox scaling"

1

Kendrick, Donald W., Anuj Bhargava, Meredith B. Colket, William A. Sowa, Daniel J. Maloney, and Kent H. Casleton. "NOx Scaling Characteristics for Industrial Gas Turbine Fuel Injectors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0098.

Full text
Abstract:
An experimental and numerical investigation into the effects of nozzle scale was undertaken at the U.S. Federal Energy Technology Center in conjunction with the United Technologies Research Center. Experiments were conducted at operating pressures from 6.8 to 27.2 atm., and at primary zone equivalence ratios from 0.4 to 0.75. Results reported herein summarize tests at 6.8 atm., and with zero and 4% piloting levels (expressed as mass fractions of total fuel). Computations used to compare to the experimental data were made using the GRI Mech 2.11 kinetics and thermodynamics database for flame chemistry modeling. A perfectly stirred reactor network (PSR) was used to create a network of PSRs to simulate the flame. From these investigations, concentrations of NOx and CO expressed in parts per million (ppm) were seen to increase and remain virtually unchanged, respectively, when comparing a Quarter to Full Scale Bluff-Body (Tangential Entry) nozzle. Simple heat transfer modeling and CO emissions refuted that any variations in thermal characteristics within the combustors were solely responsible for the observed NOx variations. Using PSR network modeling, the NOx trends were explained due to variations in macroscopic mixing scales which increased with nozzle size, thereby creating progressively less uniform mixing, and hence higher NOx levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Røkke, N. A., J. E. Hustad, and S. Berg. "Pollutant Emissions From Gas Fired Turbine Engines in Offshore Practice: Measurements and Scaling." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-170.

Full text
Abstract:
Field measurements of CO, NOx, N2O and UHC from natural gas fired gas turbines have been performed at oil production platforms in the North Sea and at an oil and gas processing plant on-shore. The measuring objects comprised a total of 17 engines. The emissions were measured at different loads, ranging from idle to 100% power output. The emissions vary considerably as a function of load. NOx and UHC agree reasonably well with manufacturers’ data. The NO2/NOx ratio is inversely proportional to the load. The CO emissions are somewhat lower than specified. N2O emissions are typically less than 2 ppmv @15% O2, dry. From the collected data, a scaling law for NOx emissions is developed. The scaling law is based on machine specific parameters governing NOx production and will apply to gas-fired turbine engines at various loads in the power range and makes indicated. Good agreement between measured and predicted NOx emissions from the proposed correlation is achieved.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Nada, Yuzuru, Yasutomo Zenman, Takahiro Ito, and Susumu Noda. "The Effect of Distance Between Fuel and Oxidizer Nozzles on NOx Emission From High Temperature Air Combustion." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44216.

Full text
Abstract:
This study describes NOx emission characteristics of a high temperature air combustion furnace operating with parallel jet burner system. In the parallel jet burner system, fuel nozzles are separated with a distance from an oxidizer nozzle. Objectives of this study are to clarify the effect of the distance between the fuel nozzle and the oxidizer nozzle on NOx emission. The emission index of NOx (EINOx) decreases with the increase in the distance. This is due to the dilution through entrainment of burned gas. A scaling concept is proposed to assess the dilution effect on the NOx emission. Scaling parameters employed here are the global residence time of fuel and the flame temperature evaluated on a modified flamelet model in which the dilution effect is included. The overall EINOx production rate is scaled with the flame temperature. This scaling indicates the importance of the distance between the nozzles for NOx emission.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

v. d. Bank, Ralf, and Thomas Schilling. "Development of an Ultra-Low NOx LP(P) Burner." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53341.

Full text
Abstract:
Within the EC framework 5 programme LOPOCOTEP Rolls-Royce Deutschland (RRD) continues to develop Lean Premix (Partially Pre-vaporized) (LP(P)) combustion systems to implement the ACARE goals to achieve further NOx reductions compared with the best combustor technology currently available. The results from the previous EC framework 4 programme LowNOx III had been used to calculate DpNOx/Foo values for an ICAO LTO cycle. The result showed that 40% from the CAEP II limit can be achieved for a medium size fan engine. Cycle and mission calculations have risen the hope that total NOx emissions can be reduced by more than 70% for a 800 NM medium range flight. The objective of the current programme is to further reduce the NOx emissions (30% CAEP II) for a more severe engine cycle and therefore a larger burner size compared to the LowNOx III programme. Flash-back and auto-ignition under all operation conditions have to be prevented. A scaling law was derived from the existing database and applied on an LP(P) module which was then tested at pressures of up to 35 bar and temperatures of up to 900 K in a single sector test rig. The applicability of the scaling laws was confirmed. Testing at take-off conditions showed single digit EINOx between 2 and 4 g/kg depending on the actual swirl-generator configuration. However, poor weak extinction was observed and gave concern regarding operability. The decision was taken to redirect the development efforts to improve operability and to increase the lean blow out (LBO) air-fuel-ratio (AFR). This led to the integration of an internal, centrally arranged pressure-swirl atomizer as pilot diffusion burner into the LP(P) burners. Due to an optimization of the aerodynamics of the LP(P) module which was performed at the same time the dimensions of the burner could be reduced while the effective area was kept constant. This burner was then initially tested at atmospheric conditions to address ignition and LBO limit. This burner showed excellent ground ignition capability at air temperatures as low as 350 K. In the best configuration one spark was sufficient. The testing of the lean extinction limit was repeatedly verified. At 350 K the LBO was always in the range between 110–130 OAFR. More detailed investigations on emissions, flash-back and auto-ignition characteristics will be performed at ONERA and Lund University.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ahrens, Denise, Michael Kolb, Christoph Hirsch, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Influence of Pre-Flame and Post-Flame Mixing on NOx-Formation in a Reacting Premixed Jet in Hot Cross Flow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42224.

Full text
Abstract:
Axial staging in premixed gas turbine combustors is a promising option for the increase of firing temperature without NOx-penalty and for the improvement of turndown ratio, which is limited by the onset of CO-emissions. The configuration of greatest interest is the combination of state of the art premixed combustion in the primary stage with secondary injectors near the turbine inlet, which feed additional jets of premixed combustible mixture into the hot cross flow. Regarding NOx this configuration is particularly beneficial (1) if the overall mixing quality in the first stage is limited, (2) if the difference between primary zone flame temperature and turbine inlet temperature due to air addition along the combustor is large and (3) if a high degree of mixing in the second stage is achieved. The potential of this promising combustion concept was investigated in a large scale atmospheric test rig. For the study presented below scaling of the second stage according to Karlovitz number similarity was chosen. This leads to smaller jet diameters and higher injection velocities compared to scaling based on Damköhler number applied in an earlier study. The impact of the higher velocities at the injector outlet on the flow field, on the lift-off height of the flame and on NOx-formation is analyzed. A chemical network model is presented, which illustrates the effects of pre-flame and post-flame mixing on NOx-formation under atmospheric and high pressure conditions. In addition this model is used to study the interactions of chemistry with mixing between the reacting jet and cross flow. On the basis of atmospheric testing and reactor modeling, predictions for engine pressure are made assuming similar lift-off as well as pre- and post-flame mixing. These results are further analyzed regarding the NOx-reduction potential at different equivalence ratios and residence times. Finally, it is discussed under which conditions the investigated configuration can be beneficially applied to reduce NOx-emissions of real engines.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Funke, H. H. W., S. Boerner, W. Krebs, and E. Wolf. "Experimental Characterization of Low NOx Micromix Prototype Combustors for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45305.

Full text
Abstract:
The use of renewable discontinuous energy sources, such as wind- or solar-energy, raises the question of ensuring the continuous demand for energy. For future energy storage scenarios, hydrogen combustion systems play an important role. This offers new opportunities for alternative combustion processes with regard to efficient, safe and low NOx combustion of hydrogen. In addition hydrogen combustion technology will be in need of gas turbine technology for future IGCC power plant concepts. Against the background of ensuring a secure and low NOx combustion of hydrogen, the micromix burning principle is developed since years and was first investigated for the use in aircraft jet engines to significantly reduce NOx-emissions. This combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen and burns in multiple miniaturized diffusion type flames. The two advantages of this principle are the inherent safety against flash back and the low NOx-emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the micro-flames. The paper presents an experimental in depth analysis of the combustion principle with regards to low NOx-emissions for higher energy densities. Therefore several geometric variations were investigated and the burning principle was scaled and tested for higher energy densities up to 15 MW/(m2bar). For the different geometries and energy densities, combustion stability, flame anchoring behavior and associated NOx-emissions are tested under preheated atmospheric conditions. The experimental results show the successful scaling of the micromix principle for high energy densities. The general mapping of the test burners demonstrates a wide operating range. Flow phenomena influencing the flame lifting and flame anchoring position with respect to the resulting NOx-emission are analyzed. The investigations highlight further potential for NOx-reduction in industrial gas turbine applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Göke, Sebastian, Sebastian Schimek, Steffen Terhaar, Thoralf Reichel, Katharina Göckeler, Oliver Krüger, Julia Fleck, Peter Griebel, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Influence of Pressure and Steam Dilution on NOx and CO Emissions in a Premixed Natural Gas Flame." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94782.

Full text
Abstract:
In the current study, the influence of pressure and steam on the emission formation in a premixed natural gas flame is investigated at pressures between 1.5 bar and 9 bar. A premixed, swirl-stabilized combustor is developed that provides a stable flame up to very high steam contents. Combustion tests are conducted at different pressure levels for equivalence ratios from lean blowout to near-stoichiometric conditions and steam-to-air mass ratios from 0% to 25%. A reactor network is developed to model the combustion process. The simulation results match the measured NOx and CO concentrations very well for all operating conditions. The reactor network is used for a detailed investigation of the influence of steam and pressure on the NOx formation pathways. In the experiments, adding 20% steam reduces NOx and CO emissions to below 10 ppm at all tested pressures up to near-stoichiometric conditions. Pressure scaling laws are derived: CO changes with a pressure exponent of approximately −0.5 that is not noticeably affected by the steam. For the NOx emissions, the exponent increases with equivalence ratio from 0.1 to 0.65 at dry conditions. At a steam-to-air mass ratio of 20%, the NOx pressure exponent is reduced to −0.1 to +0.25. The numerical analysis reveals that steam has a strong effect on the combustion chemistry. The reduction in NOx emissions is mainly caused by lower concentrations of atomic oxygen at steam-diluted conditions, constraining the thermal pathway.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Weiland, Nathan T., Todd G. Sidwell, and Peter A. Strakey. "Testing of a Hydrogen Dilute Diffusion Array Injector at Gas Turbine Conditions." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46596.

Full text
Abstract:
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Turbines Program is developing advanced technology for high-hydrogen gas turbines to enable integration of carbon sequestration technology into coal-gasifying power plants. Program goals include aggressive reductions in gas turbine NOx emissions: less than 2 ppmv NOx at 15% oxygen and 1750 K firing temperature. The approach explored in this work involves nitrogen dilution of hydrogen diffusion flames, which avoids problems with premixing hydrogen at gas turbine pressures and temperatures. Thermal NOx emissions are partially reduced through peak flame temperature control provided by nitrogen dilution, while further reductions are attained by minimizing flame size and residence time. The injector design includes high-velocity coaxial air injection from lobes surrounding the central fuel tube in each of the 48 array units. This configuration strikes a balance between stability and ignition performance, combustor pressure drop, and flame residence time. Array injector test conditions in the optically accessible Low Emissions Combustor Test & Research (LECTR) facility include air preheat temperatures of 500 K, combustor pressures of 4, 8 and 16 atm, equivalence ratios of 0.3 to 0.7, and three hydrogen/nitrogen fuel blend ratios. Test results show that NOx emissions increase with pressure and decrease with increasing fuel and air jet velocities, as expected. The magnitude of these emissions changes deviate from expected NOx scaling relationships, however, due to active combustor cooling and array spacing effects. At 16 atm and 1750 K firing temperature, the lowest NOx emissions obtained is 4.4 ppmv at 15% O2 equivalent (3.0 ppmv if diluent nitrogen is not considered), with a corresponding pressure drop of 7.7%. While these results demonstrate that nitrogen dilution in combination with high strain rates provides a reliable solution to low NOx hydrogen combustion at gas turbine conditions, the injector’s performance can still be improved significantly through suggested design changes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Niguse, Yonas G., and Ajay K. Agrawal. "Low Emission, Liquid Fuel Combustion System for Conventional and Alternative Fuels Developed by the Scaling Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43889.

Full text
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to develop a theoretical basis for scalability considerations and design of a large scale combustor utilizing flow blurring (FB) atomization. FB atomization is a recently discovered twin-fluid atomization concept, reported to produce fine spray of liquids with wide range of viscosities. Previously, we have developed and investigated a small scale swirl-stabilized combustor of 7-kWth capacity. Spray measurements have shown that the FB injector’s atomization capability is superior when compared to other techniques, such as air blast atomization. However, despite these favorable results, scalability of the FB injector and associated combustor design has never been explored for large capacity, for example, for gas turbine applications. In this study, a number of dimensionless scaling parameters that affect the processes of atomization, fuel-air mixing, and combustion are analyzed, and scaling criteria for the different components of the combustion system are selected. Constant velocity criterion is used to scale key geometric components of the system. Scaling of the nonlinear dimensions and complex geometries, such as swirler vanes and internal parts of the injector is undertaken through phenomenological analysis of the flow processes associated with the scaled component. A scaled up 60-kWth capacity combustor with FB injector is developed and investigated for combustion performance using diesel and vegetable oil (soybean oil) as fuels. Results show that the scaled-up injector’s performance is comparable to the smaller scale system in terms of flame quality, emission levels, and static flame stability. Visual flame images at different air to liquid ratio by mass (ALR) show mainly blue flames, especially for ALR > 2.8. Emission measurements show a general trend of lower CO and NOx levels at higher ALRs, replicating the performance of the small scale combustion system. Flame liftoff height at different ALRs is similar for both scales. The scaled-up combustor with FB injector preformed robustly with uncompromised stability for the range of firing rates above 50% of the design capacity. Experimental results corroborate with the scaling methodology developed in this research.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Martelli, F., G. Riccio, G. Benelli, D. Cecchini, and L. Carrai. "Scaling From Atmospheric Pressure Rig to Full-Scale Pressure for the Emission Measurements From a Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0070.

Full text
Abstract:
Investigating the pressure scalability of pollutant emissions from a heavy-duty diffusion flame type, natural gas fuelled gas turbine combustor a two steps approach is presented in the current paper. First a theoretical viewpoint is established using similitude theory to characterize the operation conditions chosen for atmospheric tests in relation to the real gas turbine pressurized conditions. Then the corresponding experimental tests are presented for the full-scale gas turbine combustor in the original version both under atmospheric and pressurized gas turbine conditions at the ENEL test facilities. The results from the theoretical study indicate, that similitude cannot be maintained rigorously between the atmospheric and pressurized tests. However the experimentally determined NOx-emissions obtained under the reduced similarity test conditions provide a pressure scaling relation that can be maintained between the original and the retrofitted version of the combustor.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Nox scaling"

1

Berg, J. Scott. The EMMA Non-Scaling FFAG Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1439844.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Haaland, Peter, and Charles Jiao. Pressure Scaling of Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Plasmas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397456.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Richards, Whitman, and Jan J. Koenderink. Trajectory Mapping ('TM'): A New Non-Metric Scaling Technique. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada290036.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Costley, D., Luis De Jesús Díaz,, Sarah McComas, Christopher Simpson, James Johnson, and Mihan McKenna. Multi-objective source scaling experiment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40824.

Full text
Abstract:
The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) performed an experiment at a site near Vicksburg, MS, during May 2014. Explosive charges were detonated, and the shock and acoustic waves were detected with pressure and infrasound sensors stationed at various distances from the source, i.e., from 3 m to 14.5 km. One objective of the experiment was to investigate the evolution of the shock wave produced by the explosion to the acoustic wavefront detected several kilometers from the detonation site. Another objective was to compare the effectiveness of different wind filter strategies. Toward this end, several sensors were deployed near each other, approximately 8 km from the site of the explosion. These sensors used different types of wind filters, including the different lengths of porous hoses, a bag of rocks, a foam pillow, and no filter. In addition, seismic and acoustic waves produced by the explosions were recorded with seismometers located at various distances from the source. The suitability of these sensors for measuring low-frequency acoustic waves was investigated.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fermi Research Alliance, LLC. Compact, Achromatic Non-scaling FFAG Accelerator for HEP, Commercial and Medical Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617218.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Rosocha, L. A., and R. A. Korzekwa. First report on non-thermal plasma reactor scaling criteria and optimization models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658275.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Liera, Carla, Mónica García, Kim Andersson, and Elisabeth Kvarnström. Combining sewered and non-sewered sanitation in Montero, Bolivia: scaling up sustainably. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.007.

Full text
Abstract:
The city of Montero, through the cooperative utility COSMOL, has successfully implemented on-site sanitation services for part of its population, in parallel to sewer-based services. However, additional solutions, capacity development and strengthening of governance systems are needed to allow for increased sustainability, for both the sewered and non-sewered sanitation services in the city. Technical improvements are still needed in wastewater and excreta management and treatment, to reduce health and environmental impacts. However, optimizing the existing sanitation systems could increase environmental, health and hygiene sustainability. Urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) have the potential to reduce environmental impact the most, once optimized and if urine and faeces are collected and treated for reuse. Local farmers have expressed demand for sanitation reuse products, as long as low price and quality can be guaranteed. From a household perspective, demand exists for high levels of service and maintenance by providers, no matter the type of system, to ensure simple maintenance by users. But the sanitation system still needs to be affordable, match cleanliness expectations, and remain free of odours, mosquitos and rodents. Upscaling on-site sanitation systems depends strongly on the support of the public institutions and resources available, including legal, economic and technical resources, as well as having a long-term vision.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Saltman, A. The Scaling of the No Scale Potential and de Sitter Model Building. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826752.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Brooks, Stephen. Paraxial, Thin-Lens Analysis of Fixed-Tune, Non-Scaling FFAs with Two Magnets per Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1895077.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

J.E. Menard, M.G. Bell, R.E. Bell, D.A. Gates, S.M. Kaye, B.P. LeBlanc, R. Maingi, S.A. Sabbagh, V. Soukhanovskii, and D. Stutman. Aspect Ratio Scaling of Ideal No-wall Stability Limits in High Bootstrap Fraction Tokamak Plasmas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820210.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Nox scaling' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography