Journal articles on the topic 'Novice teacher-researcher'

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the experiences of teachers who participated in novice teacher education and present the study’s implications for rethinking what content should continue to be emphasized and systematically supported in novice teacher education. Methods: A teacher who participating in a study is one novice teacher, as is a kindergarten teacher affiliated with C University. The researcher is a professor and director of C University, with 27 years of teaching experience, and conducted the novice teacher education program for 16 weeks. The methods of novice teacher education are reading and discussing articles, completing questionnaires, watching and analyzing class videos, presenting cases, class councils, and writing journals. The collected data were subjected to content analysis. Results: Analyzed journals and interviews of participating teachers in a novice teacher education course yields important findings. Teachers' concerns during the first 16 weeks of teaching were organized into the following categories: life guidance, emotion, classes, and professional growth. Conclusion: Novice teacher education and support systems that help novice teachers stay in the profession and continue to grow in their professional identity need to be refined and their quality should be assured.

Teachers and researchers are said to belong to two distinct communities of education. At the university, academics are required to engage in research work which could be a relatively new experience for teachers who had solely focused on teaching after joining the universities. Hence the purpose of this qualitative research is to shed some light on the tensions that are created and experienced by novice researchers at the university whose previous careers were as teachers in schools. Two lecturers, Gina and René, were purposely selected to investigate the phenomenon of changing identities from expert teachers to novice researchers, and to observe how the experienced teachers became newcomers adapting to the new target practices of research as required by the university. Findings from interviews and observations revealed the tensions and negotiations that occurred as the teacher naivetes engaged in the target research practices from teacher trajectories, but prolonged engagement in the target practices revealed emergence of researcher identities. The findings of this study suggest that novices who are expected to adopt new practices need to be supported with instructions and learning opportunities for effective transitions. Keywords: Changing identity, Expert teachers, Learning Organisation, Novice, Researcher

This study aims to observe all circumstances in an actual Project-Based Learning (PBL) class, particularly to reflect on what the teacher learned through the PBL class. The subject, who is also the researcher, works as a teacher at Darunsikkhalai School for Innovative Learning (DSIL). The study was conducted when she was working as a teacher/facilitator at DSIL for 3 years. The instrument used in this study was a 12-week diary of the teacher. After finishing class, the teacher recorded her teaching performance, feelings, attitudes, challenges and successes in her diary to observe and reflect on her teaching. The findings show that the teacher faced some challenges and achieved some successes in the PBL class. The challenges that she had encountered could raise her awareness in teaching and running the project. This study may shed some light on and raise awareness of the researcher and other novice teachers in schools which adopt PBL as the learning and teaching approach.

This evaluation research aims to determine; (i) an overview of the implementation of the novice teacher induction program at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Ngadirejo; (ii) a description of the ability of novice teachers who have participated in PIGP in planning lessons, implementing lessons and assessing student learning outcomes in Temanggung Regency during the pandemic. This type of research is qualitative that leads to field research (field research). The research was conducted in a naturalistic manner, with the researcher as the main instrument. The research process was carried out by conducting direct field observations/observations, interviews with school principals, waka curriculum, Islamic religious education teachers and waka students who were used as purposive samples of the research object. And to strengthen the opinion, the literature analysis method (library research) is used, namely the study of various scientific sources such as scientific articles in the form of journals, books, and other literature in accordance with the studies discussed. The results showed that (i) The description of the novice teacher induction program at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Ngadirejo in terms of planning and preparation for the novice teacher induction program was well implemented. (ii) An overview of the implementation of the novice teacher induction program at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Ngadirejo which is well implemented n. (iii) The description of the implementation of the novice teacher induction program at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Ngadirejo in terms of the ability of teachers who have participated in PIGP in adapting to the work climate and school culture, planning lessons, implementing learning and assessing student learning outcomes very well during the pandemic.

The problem of this research was some lecturers only used one categories of teacher talks. The aims of this study were to identify the characteristics and the categories of teacher talk in the classroom using Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS). This study was case study design and qualitative method. The subject of this study was one novice and senior lecturer at IAIN Bengkulu. It used Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS) to analyze teacher’s talk. The researcher used observation and interview for collecting the data. The result both of novice and senior lecturer showed that the characteristics of teacher is content cross and the most frequent is indirect talk. The percentage of teacher characteristics of novice lecturer was 45% while the percentage of teacher characteristics of senior lecturer was 39%. Novice lecturer used asking question and lecturing as the most frequent in indirect and direct talks. The percentage of asking question and lecturing were 39% and 21.5%. In other sides, senior lecturer used asking question and giving direction as the most frequent in indirect and direct talks. The percentage of asking and giving direction were 27.5% and 18.5%. Nevertheless, the occurred categories happened naturally with the consideration of learning situation that takes place. In addition the analysis of teachers’ talk in the classroom would be beneficial for teachers to plan and conduct enhanced learning situation. It concluded teacher talks of novice and senior lecturer in the classroom using Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC).

This study discusses the perceptions of novice teachers related to the challenges they experience in teaching and learning practices. Furthermore, teachers play an important role in education. This researcher aims to; 1) To find out the perception of novice teachers about what makes a good teacher, 2) To find out the challenges of novice teachers in teaching and learning practices in Makassar, 3) To find out how novice teachers overcome the challenges they experience in teaching and learning practices in Makassar. This study will apply a qualitative research design where the researcher will use open-ended questions to achieve the objectives of this study. research. Participants will be selected using purposive sampling technique. the criteria for the participants who were recruited were those who had taught less than 5 years in Makassar. Researchers conducted observations, interviews and document analysis to collect data. This study uses qualitative data analysis techniques to analyze the data, the steps are classified as follows; 1) Data Condensation, 2) Data Display, 3) Drawing and Verifying Conclusions. The findings show that novice teachers face challenges, namely 1) Lack of methods; 2) the naivety of elementary school students; 3) Lack of experience; 4) Pandemic, although three of them have never attended training, and the other two participants have attended one before, either organized by the ministry of religion or the school itself.

This book is especially written for preservice teachers by two professors in Education. It intends to navigate them through an action research journey, from understanding action research, investigating data, designing research method, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting data, to communicating the results to others. The purpose is to transform a novice teacher and researcher to an expert in his/her teaching area. In the introduction section, Phillips and Carr view trustworthy action research as "a process", "a way of thinking", and "a way of practicing teaching" in which the teacher researcher is the subject of the study. There should be four key elements: 1) a strong sense of connection between the teacher, the context, study design and literature base; 2) quality data; 3) evidence of self-reflexivity; and 4) meaningful results. A figure is included to display the whole process of becoming a teacher through action research.

Objective: This research aims to describe the decision-making profile of mathematics teachers in designing mathematical assignments based on teaching experience. Method: The subjects of this study were mathematics teachers in junior high school education units with a bachelor's degree in mathematics education, including one senior teacher (ST) and one novice teacher (NT). The researcher used a task sheet for making a mathematical task design (TSMTD) and an interview guide as instruments for data collection. Results: The results showed that both novice and senior teachers identified problems by mentioning known information, but novice teachers tended to modify textbook assignments as materials for designing questions. In collecting information, beginner and senior teachers compared ideas from previous experiences, but senior teachers considered the context of the questions to be designed. Beginner teachers submitted problems by raising the theme of comparing values and transforming values with different resolution processes, while senior teachers considered several contexts and chose multiple alternative solutions. Both beginner and senior teachers checked all the questions designed and assessed the feasibility of the solutions generated from the task. Novelty: This research contributes to the understanding of the decision-making profile of mathematics teachers in designing assignments based on their teaching experience, highlighting the differences between novice and senior teachers in terms of problem identification, information collection, problem submission, and checking of designed questions.

This study aimed to investigate the novice English teachers’ knowledge about assessment of learning, assessment for learning, and assessment as learning in the context of Bali. Framed within a qualitative design, the study employed the qualitative method with a questionnaire and an interview guide as the instruments to collect the data. The obtained data were analysed using Interactive Model Analysis consisted of data collection, data display, data reduction, and verification or conclusion drawing. In the preliminary informal interview done towards several novice English teachers, it indicated that not all novice English teachers have heard about assessment of learning, assessment for learning, and assessment as learning. Therefore, this phenomenon led the researcher to conduct this study. Further, the results of this study showed that the novice English teachers’ knowledge about assessment of learning, assessment for learning, and assessment as learning are limited to the basic concepts only. Even, several novice English teachers never heard about those assessment types. It implies that the school principals and other stakeholders need to emphasize the concept of assessment of learning, assessment for learning, and assessment as learning for novice English teachers through teacher training, workshop, or seminar.

Abstract: The use of technology in education is highly significant nowadays. Currently, blended learning is used in Indonesia, which requires students and teachers to communicate via social media. Students from SMP Karanglewas, enter school in turn according to the schedule, and when students study at home, the teacher must deliver materials or tasks through social media. The researcher would learn about the novice and experienced teachers' perceptions of TPACK, as well as the activities that teachers took based on their usage of technology. There were two study questions: What are novice and experienced teachers’ perceptions of TPACK? and To what extent have their actions been inspired by TPACK? The objectives were to investigate beginner and experienced SMP Karanglewas instructors' variations in their TPACK, as well as to learn about the influences on professional development and the behaviours inspired by TPACK. The findings where teachers could apply TPACK well even though they need help from other people and the difference between novice and experienced teachers in terms of technology was different because novice teachers had high technology knowledge but experienced teachers, were good at pedagogy content knowledge. Keywords: TPACK; professional development; novice teachers; experienced teachers; the influence of TPACK

English has a paramount role in this digital world of internet and mobile technology. Digital technology has facilitated language learning. This study focused on identifying English language problems of novice engineering students in this modern age of scientific advancement.Convenience sampling method was used since the principal researcher taught the subject of Functional English to participants. Eighty engineering students were surveyed. Research instruments were document analysis and classroom observation. Data were analyzed through an interpretative approach to drawing study outcomes. Results exhibited engineering students faced English language problems in the English language classroom context. Multiple English language problems surfaced, such as poor vocabulary, spelling errors,grammatical errors, writing problems, comprehension problems, and accepting teacher dictation. Additionally, psychological problems were shyness, low self-confidence, nervousness, fear of peer criticism and stage fright.

This article presents the reflections and considerations from the voice of a novice English teacher, in the context of a remote teaching practice carried out in a public institution, in times of pandemic derived from the Covid 19. The effects of this situation on the educational environment have become a major concern as teachers and students have become involved in this new home school dynamic. Thus, attention must be paid to the effects that both the unexpected shift to online teaching and learning and the quarantine have had on teachers, students, and parents. This article aims to provide a perspective of a novice English teacher, highlighting the challenges faced by him/her in this pandemic circumstance in Bogotá. To develop it, a qualitative and interpretative look was adopted by the researcher, who used the teacher’s diary as a tool. Finally, the successes and failures of this experience in which the inexperienced teacher made an incursion mediated by technology are presented, highlighting, by way of conclusion, the commitment required from the family, the educational community and above all the student, who have developed a crucial role in the advancement of this remote education.

<p>This study examined the professional and personal transition undergone by eight experienced early childhood (EC) teachers after completing their graduate studies. The data were collected through interviews and online communication. Three main categories arose in the qualitative content analysis of the text: 1) personal process of change, 2) professional development, and 3) awareness of the process of learning. We also found that participants used metaphors to emphasize their personal implicit beliefs. The participants’ perceptions of the transition from an intuitive practitioner to a professional novice researcher and from EC teacher to EC educational leader had an enormous impact on their personal development and their changing position in their work environment. The educational establishment perceived their new skills and abilities and offered them new positions. <strong></strong></p>

Актуальность исследования обусловлена, с одной стороны, высокими требованиями к готовности студентов к будущей деятельности, в частности к коммуникативной компетентности, изложенными в государственных стандартах высшего образования, с другой — влиянием взаимодействия преподавателя и обучающихся на формирование профессионально значимых качеств будущего профессионала и недостаточной изученностью этой проблемы. В статье представлены результаты изучения факторов продуктивного субъектного взаимодействия преподавателя и студентов и психолого-педагогических условий, оказывающих влияние на формирование профессионально значимых качеств будущего педагога. Для исследования влияния характера взаимодействия преподавателя и студентов на формирование личности будущего педагога были использованы теоретические методы, проективная методика «Незаконченные предложения» и авторская анкета, позволившие выявить значимые факторы взаимодействия преподавателя и студентов и получить достоверный, репрезентативный эмпирический материал. Исследование осуществлялось на основе сопоставления теоретической модели продуктивного субъектного взаимодействия и реальной экспериментальной модели, представление о которой было получено в процессе опроса студентов и преподавателей. Выявление критериев и показателей, психолого-педагогических условий продуктивного субъектного взаимодействия преподавателя и студентов, положительно влияющего на формирование профессионально значимых качеств будущего педагога, составляет теоретическую значимость, а возможность использования авторских опросников, позволяющих отслеживать влияние факторов взаимодействия преподавателя и студента на профессиональное развитие будущего педагога в практической деятельности преподавателей вуза, — практическую ценность исследования. The relevance of the research is accounted for by high requirements for would-be teachers’ professional readiness and communicative skills. It is also accounted for by the fact that the impact of teacher-student relationships on the formation of would-be teachers’ professional qualities is largely underinvestigated. The article presents the results of a research aimed at the investigation of teacher-student cooperation in the learning environment and at the investigation of psychological and pedagogical conditions that influence the formation of professional qualities in novice teachers. To uncover the factors that significantly influence teacher-student relationships and to acquire reliable and detailed empirical data pertaining to the way teacher-student relationships influence the formation of professional qualities in novice teachers,the author employs theoretical methods, a project methods called “Unfinished utterances”, and author-developed questionnaires. The researcher compares a theoretical model of efficient teacher-student cooperation and an experimental model created on the basis of questionnaire data analysis. The theoretical significance of the research consists in the fact that the author singles out criteria and factors pertaining to efficient teacher-student communication as a means of developing professional qualities in novice teachers. The practical value of the research consists in the fact that the questionnaires created by the author can be used to assess novice teachers’ professional readiness.

This article reports on one teacher’s journey, Nan’s, as she struggled to provide appropriate instruction to low-literate day laborers in an English as a second language (ESL) class for adult learners. In her efforts to do so, Nan became inspired to implement alternative pedagogy based on a culturally responsive approach that resonated strongly with her professed educational and social justice beliefs. As researcher-practitioners, we were interested in exploring Nan’s transformational journey during her graduate studies. The culturally responsive approach she was studying and attempting to implement is itself transformative in nature, providing an excellent opportunity to examine transformational learning both in the context of a novice ESL teacher and in the implementation of this approach. This case study provides important insights into how transformational learning theory sheds light on the struggles of one woman to achieve her twin goals of reaching a marginalized group of learners she cared deeply about and earning her master’s degree in Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages.

This study illuminates the genre-based pedagogy delivered by a novice EAP teacher for teaching discussion section writing to cross-discipline undergraduates in China. Followed by the demonstration of specifics of genre teaching, the researcher tapped into the effectiveness of genre-based pedagogy through an examination of student-produced writing submissions. Autoethnography and qualitative research methods were used to analyze video-recording, teaching journals and students’ writing assignments and it was revealed that the focal Chinese English teacher who specialized in EGP was able to teach genre knowledge and research writing skills through autonomous learning and teaching preparation. Furthermore, the efficacy of genre teaching could be affirmed since most learner-writers successfully transferred genre knowledge and writing skills taught in the classroom to their writing. From this study, pedagogical implications are drawn to shed light on future teacher education that aims to help Chinese English teachers attain better genre-based research writing instruction.

A novice mathematics teacher researcher (TR) conducted an “interactive action research” (AR) to determine what problems would be most beneficial to teach her students about creating graphs based on a function’s attributes. After a number of trials that included adjusting her goals, the TR successfully designed problems appropriate for her goals. This paper describes the problem-posing process the TR used to derive the problems, and which include the four steps described in the literature: i) plan the problem, ii) pose it, iii) solve it, and iv) organize and complete it (see Güveli, 2015) plus an additional overall step added by this author, v) develop awareness of common perceptions (and misconceptions) that students have with respect to graphing. The contribution of this study is twofold. The first is the theoretical model of a five-step AR process, which can be used to guide TRs when conducting a mathematics posing problem AR: mathematical objective, source of inspiration, concerns related to formulation, mathematical uncertainties, and decisions taken. The second is that it demonstrates how TR’s formative assessment of the student’s solutions can improve her problem-posing heuristics and guide her to adjust her didactic goal(s). In addition, this paper documents her professional development on two aspects: developments and transitions in her thinking, and her development in skills required for reaching a didactic or mathematical goal. As part of a participatory action-research project, students at the vocational upper-secondary Natural Resource Use programme in Sweden were introduced to infrared cameras in their courses. Students were video recorded as they used infrared cameras in the investigation of pigs’ physiology and health in the school’s pig house and explained generated infrared images in whole-class dialogue, together with involved teachers and researcher. Students found that a pig’s injured leg has high temperature, but also, more surprisingly, udder abcesses with lower temperature than the surrounding healthy udder tissue. Students and teachers expressed excitement in explaining the results. From the perspective of seeing vocational education as a kind of cognitive apprenticeship, students’ investigations and dialogue with the teachers and researcher are characterised as an example of authentic activity in a community of learners, where expertise was distributed across all participants.

The current study employs an autobiographical design. An autographical design is a type of qualitative approach affiliated with the social explanatory paradigm of research. The author of this article collected his published work, certificates of achievement, and degrees to present as the results of this study. He also used the memorization of his training, workshops, and seminars to present the findings. The results show that from July 2021, the author has upgraded himself from an English teacher to become a novice educational researcher, and his work has been concerning the English language and educational fields. Additionally, he presented how he became a researcher including the difficulties, challenges, and opportunities he experienced in his life over the last two years. He noted that English for teaching and learning is not the same as English for writing research articles. He also encouraged other teachers to engage in research since it is not as difficult as everyone might have expected, and it is the best way to solve the existing problems in all fields including learning and teaching. Besides, research is not only to solve problems but to improve the outcome of the process of learning and teaching as well as other concerning areas. He finally showed simple and easy ways that everyone could become researchers and how to get their work published.

The purpose of this study is to determine the analysis of the pronunciation errors of the alphabet in the reading skills of ninth grade students at Sematrix Institute in East Basaman. The type of research used by the researcher in this research is field research. The tools used to collect information are observation, interviews and documentation. As for the results of the study, the pronunciation errors of the alphabet in the reading skills of the novice Symatrix students in East Basaman were twenty letters. Reasons for errors in the pronunciation of the alphabet on the reading skills of beginner Symatrix students in East Basaman in Arabic, both linguistically and non-linguistically. The teacher is interested in the student's pronunciation on the differences in phonemic functions that lead to errors in changing the meaning of words, the words are pronounced correctly. That the teacher uses secondary pair exercises, such as: walking and being, and paying attention to the students' pronunciation. The teacher explains with direct explanation how to distinguish letters and their descriptions with the help of signs and movements of the face and hand. The teacher encourages the students to overcome their mistakes and explains to the students the importance of the Arabic language for them.

The publication is devoted to the study of the potential of the discourse analysis method for conducting pedagogical research. The authors substantiate the relevance and importance of using discourse analysis when working with modern pedagogical sources of information within the framework of the discursive approach. Particular attention is paid to working with theoretical sources of information. Arguments are given in favor of the universality and interdisciplinarity of the described method, and its advantages over traditional methods are described. The technique of discourse analysis from a three-level system is described. The authors emphasize the importance of discourse analysis in the interdisciplinary research and outline the prospects for further research in the field of pedagogical science methodology. Recommendations of the research work design for a novice teacher-researcher are offered.

Augmented Reality Learning Experiences (ARLEs) for classrooms provide student-centered learning. In recent years, there has been an increase in HCI research on various handheld AR learning applications and the authoring tools to design them. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the design decisions required to create ARLEs, specific to the classroom context. To analyze the same, we conducted a design workshop with 32 participants forming 8 groups to investigate approaches for designing classroom-based ARLEs. Each group consisted of an AR developer, an interaction designer, an education researcher, and a middle-grade Math teacher. The groups designed ARLEs based on a given Mathematics topic for a classroom scenario. Though the groups used varied approaches for generating design prototypes, we observed similarities between their techniques. We report the key design approaches and decisions that were adopted by these groups. The findings are articulated through the lenses of content, context and design. Based on the analysis, we discuss the design approaches relevant for the novice designers while conceptualizing the design of a handheld ARLE for classrooms.

Communicating even fundamental scientific concepts can be challenging. Furthermore, student mental models are often difficult to uncover even by the most talented teacher or researcher. Drawing is a universal process skill widely used by scientists to refine their conceptions about a wide range of topics, communicate ideas, and advance scientific thought in their disciplines. Just as drawing is useful to scientists for refining their conceptions, it has the potential to be useful for revealing misconceptions when teaching from a conceptual change perspective of science students’ mental models. Using a design study methodology and framed within the knowledge integration perspective of conceptual change, this longitudinal study investigates the efficacy of a delimited-sketch activity on the conceptual change of novices’ mental models about groundwater residence. A delimited-sketch activity, the focal case of this study, involves (i) students drawing to expand upon a provided partially-drawn concept sketch and then (ii) collectively debriefing the ideas communicated in the completed student-expanded concept sketches. The activity’s efficacy at facilitating conceptual change is tested with two different sample populations at two different large public universities in the USA. The first population is drawn from an introductory-level college geoscience course designed for non-science majors and the second population is drawn from a similar course designed for science majors. The activity has a large significant impact on moving students away from novice-like toward more expert-like conceptions of groundwater residence. The impact is observed even two months after the activity concludes.

The last 20-25 years have seen a significant shift in the views about what teachers need to know to be able to teach. This shift has led to new developments in the theory of second language teacher education (SLTE) and a growth in research in this area. One area of research concerns the attitudes and expectations of those learning to become teachers. While most studies in this area focus on teacher education programmes in BANA countries, this article looks at data from student teachers studying in Russia and Uzbekistan. The study employed a quantitative and qualitative research design, using a researcher-designed on-line questionnaire. Through snowball sampling, data from 161 students and recent graduates in the two countries were collected, analysed, and compared to investigate the content of SLTE programmes. The study identified what the novice teachers felt were the strengths and weaknesses of their programme, and what changes they would like to see. Results showed that while the respondents were mainly satisfied with their methodology, and theoretical linguistics courses, they felt the need for more practice, both teaching and language practice. The data also revealed that, in Uzbekistan in particular, the idea of global English struggles to take hold as native-speaker models remain the norm. The implications of the study underline the need for SLTE to explicitly link theory to practice and to promote the idea of varieties of English, rather than focus on native-speaker norms.

The study determined the impact of the STEM Strand implementation of senior high schools in the Division of Zambales. The study was limited to fifty secondary public-school teachers in Zone II.The study revealed that majority teacher-respondents, are generally young with only a minimum number of trainings attended. STEM trends, there were more males than females and a larger are married. There were no significant differences in the success of the STEM schools in Palauig, Botolan and Iba in the following domains:college preparation;integrated and innovative technology use; STEM-rich informal experiences; connections with industry and the world of work; well-prepared STEM teachers and professionalized teaching staff and positive school community and culture of high expectations for all. Based on the summary of findings and the conclusions arrived at, the researcher has offered the following recommendations that professional learning in the form of learning action cells and lesson study should be provided to relatively novice STEM teachers in order to expose them to effective instructional strategies and impact their actual classroom practices as opposed to cascading in-service trainings. Greater involvement of these partners through planning, implementation, and review should be targeted instead of only involving them for immersion activities. A more intensive evaluation of the STEM implementation following the Context-Input-Process-Product approach should be conducted to strengthen and confirm the findings of the study. A more study that would monitor the whole system as opposed to the present investigation’s focus on teacher perception would lend greater credence to the results.

Currently, there are many technology learning media that can be used by teachers, one of which is android media. Android media has not been widely used in high school / ma corpse starters. With android media, monotonous corpse novice learning will be effective and become a special attraction for students.This study aims to 1) find out how research and development are carried out for technological developments that require developments in educational methods. 2) To know how to cope with the large number of students who are less interested in monotonous classroom learning. This research is a development research using the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 stages, but in this developer the researcher uses only 4 stages, namely analysis, design, development, and implementation. Data collection instruments in the form of questionnaires, observations / tests of learning outcomes. The results showed: 1) Producing android media products that are attractive, technology-based and in accordance with the needs of students in the development of this era. 2) The product is developed through First, needs analysis. Second, designing learning media with storyboards, thirdly developing android media then validating material experts, media, and teachers. The fourth is the implementation of the teacher in the classroom.

Background Although preservice teachers bring well-established views of teaching to their teacher education programs, Tabachnick and Zeichner (1984) claimed that it is possible to amend preservice teachers’ views. They portrayed the learning of teachers as a negotiated and interactive process rather than as one that is predetermined by teachers’ prior experiences. Feiman-Nemser (2001) suggested that having preservice teachers examine their beliefs in light of images of good teaching should be one of the central tasks of preservice teacher education. Purpose The study reported in this manuscript was conducted in an effort to document and examine the interplay between novice teachers’ personal theories, their mathematics education coursework, and their field experiences. Research Design Using all four methods of data collection attributed to ethnographic research (Eisenhart, 1988)—artifact collection, participant observation, ethnographic interviewing, and researcher introspection—this interpretivist study (Zeichner & Gore, 1990) attempted to document and examine the learning of seven preservice elementary teachers as reflected in their mathematics methods coursework and subsequent field experiences. Findings This manuscript describes three tasks from the mathematics methods course—critiquing an essay written by a teacher as she reflected on her teaching practice; working one-on-one with a child in mathematics for an extended period of time; and observing an experienced teacher teach an elementary mathematics lesson—that provided preservice elementary school teachers with opportunities to learn and grow as teachers by making their beliefs explicit and then reflecting on their beliefs and linking these beliefs to the practice of teaching mathematics. The tasks described engaged the preservice teachers in examining beliefs critically in relation to visions of good teaching, developing an understanding of learners and learning, and developing the tools and dispositions to study teaching. Conclusions While an analysis of the data showed evidence that the preservice teachers became aware of their beliefs, reflected on their beliefs, and began to change their beliefs, the purpose of this manuscript is not to claim that the teachers changed for the good and that this change was enduring. Rather, the goal is to illuminate the tasks, provide the preservice teachers’ responses and reactions to the tasks, and to argue that these tasks constitute a form of learning to teach mathematics through assisted performance.

Research is the whole of the systematic efforts of individuals by making new discoveries and inventions to find solutions to the problems they face or to improve the current situation. After the implementation of teacher training activities by higher education institutions, courses such as "Research Techniques", "Research Methods in Education" and "Research Methods" are included in the curriculum of higher education institutions to provide students with research competencies. It is important for prospective teachers to have positive attitudes towards this course for them to acquire the knowledge and skills in question effectively. In this direction, in this study, it was tried to determine the attitudes and opinions of teacher candidates towards the Research Course in Education. In this research, in which the attitudes and opinions of Bayburt University Faculty of Education students towards the RME course are tried to be determined, mixed method and explanatory sequential design was used. In the study, a single survey model was used to determine the attitudes of students towards the RME course, a relational survey model was used to examine the sub-dimensions of attitudes according to the departments and classes of the students, and focus group interview was used to determine their views about the course.The Kruskal Wallis H test was used to determine whether the attitudes of the groups showed an independent evaluation from each other. In the research, an attitude scale developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool to determine the attitudes of the students towards the RME course, and a focus group interview form was used to determine their opinions. The quantitative sample of the study consists of 190 university students selected through purposive sampling, and the qualitative sample consists of 10 candidate teachers selected from this group with the same method. When the research findings were examined, it was seen that the attitudes of the novice teachers towards the RME course differed significantly in favor of men according to the self-confidence variable in the sub-dimensions of the attitude scale. It is thought that including the RME course, which is among the elective courses in Education faculties, among the compulsory courses, extending the one-semester and 3-credit RME course in terms of credit.

What insights emerge through researcher reflections on a Design-Based Research (DBR) curricular integration project that contribute to the professional learning of education faculty/ researchers? To answer this question, two researchers captured their debriefing discussions and reflections after monthly meetings with participating teachers. The meetings familiarized the teachers with DBR methods and enhanced teachers’ understanding of integrating literacy and science instruction. Data were open coded, collapsed into sub-categories and interpretations were then clustered into three themes. The first theme is our acknowledgement of the layers that needed to be peeled back to understand teacher participants’ planning and assessment. The second theme is the realization that the teacher participants were novices with respect to understanding and practicing curricular integration. The final theme honors the value of DBR as a research and professional learning method. Findings are discussed in light of the scant literature that describes the experience of DBR educational researchers.

Background/Context One of several challenges to fusing reading and science instruction through the use of reflective practice arises from recent claims that it is questionable whether anyone can “make” preservice teachers into reflective practitioners. This challenge has implications for researchers and teacher educators in general, especially if one assumes that novices are without sufficient resources for reflecting on their own experiences and interactions. Two frequently cited commissioned reviews of reading research conclude that skills-based instruction in graphic organizing, self-questioning, summarizing, and other similar generic reading strategies can improve adolescents’ comprehension of written texts. However, there is a growing consensus about the importance of domain-specific pedagogical knowledge, and preservice teachers who view science instruction as largely concept oriented may not view reading instruction as highly relevant. Little research has been directed toward understanding how preservice science teachers learn to integrate what they know about their subject matter with the generic reading strategies they are taught in content literacy courses. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The researchers documented a prospective science teacher's struggle to make sense of an online content literacy course that attempted to strengthen her capabilities to combine skills-based instruction (reading) with concept-based instruction (science). Specifically, the researchers were interested in her reflections on the feedback she received from the course instructors and, in turn, how her struggle caused the researchers to reflect on several contradictory discourses in the online course that needed addressing before offering it in subsequent semesters. While looking at the course through the eyes of this student's experiences and interactions, the researchers were also mindful of how her professional identity as a science teacher was being informed by those same contradictory discourses in small but incremental ways throughout the semester. Research Design In the context of an online content literacy course, 11 pairs of prospective and mentor teachers worked as partners in the instruction of middle school students reading one or more grade levels below actual grade placement in one or more content areas. This interpretive case study focused on one of those pairs. The concept of approximations of practice framed this study and led to a focus on the clinical aspects of reflective practice manifested during periods of preactive teaching (e.g., lesson planning) and reflective teaching (e.g., explaining and receiving feedback on the planned lessons). Data Collection and Analysis Data sources included a prospective teacher's four intervention lessons plans and e-mails containing reflections on those lesson plans from the prospective teacher, her mentor teacher, and the teaching team. Analysis was a four-step process that included coding key sources and writing analytic memos through the use of deductive and inductive methods. The primary researcher used discourse analysis to interpret the researchers’ and participants’ written reflections related to preactive and reflective teaching. Conclusions/Recommendations Implications derived from the study's findings for literacy educators point to the value of collaborating with colleagues in schools of teacher education who have expertise in teaching their specific discipline's content. Most importantly, the implications point to the need to reexamine the assumption that prospective teachers are without sufficient resources for reflecting on their own experiences and interactions in situations that call for fusing skills-based reading instruction with concept-based science instruction.

In this paper, it is discuss the points raised from a pilot study for qualitative research planning. The argumentation present here is the result of a pilot study that focused the games of mathematical language on teacher training for rural schools. The data production took place in the Federal University of Reconcâvo Baiano, campus of Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, Brazil. The pilot study did not only provide insights for the research, but for any qualitative inquiry. Based on that, it is suggest that pilot study raises questions for reviewing a qualitative research planning in at least six dimensions: ethical, methodological, theoretical, analytical, operational and representational.ResumoNeste artigo, são discutidas as potencialidades do estudo piloto para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa qualitativa. A argumentação ora apresentada é fruto de um estudo piloto que focalizou os jogos de linguagem matemáticos na formação de professores do campo. A produção de dados ocorreu no curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo com Habilitações em Ciências da Natureza e Matemática em uma universidade pública no interior da Bahia, Brasil. O estudo piloto dessa pesquisa não gerou insights apenas para o delineamento da referida pesquisa, mas para qualquer investigação qualitativa. Baseado nisso, argumenta-se que o estudo piloto levanta questões para o refinamento do planejamento da pesquisa, pelo menos, em seis dimensões: ética, metodológica, teórica, analítica, operacional e representacional.Keywords: Pilot study, Qualitative research, Research Planning.Palavras-chave: Estudo piloto, Pesquisa qualitativa, Planejamento da pesquisa.ReferencesARAIN, Mubashir et al. What is a pilot or feasibility study? A review of current practice and editorial policy. BMC Medical Research Methodology. UK, jul. 2010. Disponível em: <https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1471-2288-10-67>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2017.ARNOLD, Donald et al. 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Education in Oceania continues to reflect the embedded implicit and explicit colonial practices and processes from the past. This paper conceptualises a cultural approach to education and leadership appropriate and relevant to the Republic of the Marshall Islands. As elementary school leaders, we highlight Kanne Lobal, a traditional Marshallese navigation practice based on indigenous language, values and practices. We conceptualise and develop Kanne Lobal in this paper as a framework for understanding the usefulness of our indigenous knowledge in leadership and educational practices within formal education. Through bwebwenato, a method of talk story, our key learnings and reflexivities were captured. We argue that realising the value of Marshallese indigenous knowledge and practices for school leaders requires purposeful training of the ways in which our knowledge can be made useful in our professional educational responsibilities. Drawing from our Marshallese knowledge is an intentional effort to inspire, empower and express what education and leadership partnership means for Marshallese people, as articulated by Marshallese themselves. Introduction As noted in the call for papers within the Waikato Journal of Education (WJE) for this special issue, bodies of knowledge and histories in Oceania have long sustained generations across geographic boundaries to ensure cultural survival. For Marshallese people, we cannot really know ourselves “until we know how we came to be where we are today” (Walsh, Heine, Bigler & Stege, 2012). Jitdam Kapeel is a popular Marshallese concept and ideal associated with inquiring into relationships within the family and community. In a similar way, the practice of relating is about connecting the present and future to the past. Education and leadership partnerships are linked and we look back to the past, our history, to make sense and feel inspired to transform practices that will benefit our people. In this paper and in light of our next generation, we reconnect with our navigation stories to inspire and empower education and leadership. Kanne lobal is part of our navigation stories, a conceptual framework centred on cultural practices, values, and concepts that embrace collective partnerships. Our link to this talanoa vā with others in the special issue is to attempt to make sense of connections given the global COVID-19 context by providing a Marshallese approach to address the physical and relational “distance” between education and leadership partnerships in Oceania. Like the majority of developing small island nations in Oceania, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) has had its share of educational challenges through colonial legacies of the past which continues to drive education systems in the region (Heine, 2002). The historical administration and education in the RMI is one of colonisation. Successive administrations by the Spanish, German, Japanese, and now the US, has resulted in education and learning that privileges western knowledge and forms of learning. This paper foregrounds understandings of education and learning as told by the voices of elementary school leaders from the RMI. The move to re-think education and leadership from Marshallese perspectives is an act of shifting the focus of bwebwenato or conversations that centres on Marshallese language and worldviews. The concept of jelalokjen was conceptualised as traditional education framed mainly within the community context. In the past, jelalokjen was practiced and transmitted to the younger generation for cultural continuity. During the arrival of colonial administrations into the RMI, jelalokjen was likened to the western notions of education and schooling (Kupferman, 2004). Today, the primary function of jelalokjen, as traditional and formal education, it is for “survival in a hostile [and challenging] environment” (Kupferman, 2004, p. 43). Because western approaches to learning in the RMI have not always resulted in positive outcomes for those engaged within the education system, as school leaders who value our cultural knowledge and practices, and aspire to maintain our language with the next generation, we turn to Kanne Lobal, a practice embedded in our navigation stories, collective aspirations, and leadership. The significance in the development of Kanne Lobal, as an appropriate framework for education and leadership, resulted in us coming together and working together. Not only were we able to share our leadership concerns, however, the engagement strengthened our connections with each other as school leaders, our communities, and the Public Schooling System (PSS). Prior to that, many of us were in competition for resources. Educational Leadership: IQBE and GCSL Leadership is a valued practice in the RMI. Before the IQBE programme started in 2018, the majority of the school leaders on the main island of Majuro had not engaged in collaborative partnerships with each other before. Our main educational purpose was to achieve accreditation from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC), an accreditation commission for schools in the United States. The WASC accreditation dictated our work and relationships and many school leaders on Majuro felt the pressure of competition against each other. We, the authors in this paper, share our collective bwebwenato, highlighting our school leadership experiences and how we gained strength from our own ancestral knowledge to empower “us”, to collaborate with each other, our teachers, communities, as well as with PSS; a collaborative partnership we had not realised in the past. The paucity of literature that captures Kajin Majol (Marshallese language) and education in general in the RMI is what we intend to fill by sharing our reflections and experiences. To move our educational practices forward we highlight Kanne Lobal, a cultural approach that focuses on our strengths, collective social responsibilities and wellbeing. For a long time, there was no formal training in place for elementary school leaders. School principals and vice principals were appointed primarily on their academic merit through having an undergraduate qualification. As part of the first cohort of fifteen school leaders, we engaged in the professional training programme, the Graduate Certificate in School Leadership (GCSL), refitted to our context after its initial development in the Solomon Islands. GCSL was coordinated by the Institute of Education (IOE) at the University of the South Pacific (USP). GCSL was seen as a relevant and appropriate training programme for school leaders in the RMI as part of an Asia Development Bank (ADB) funded programme which aimed at “Improving Quality Basic Education” (IQBE) in parts of the northern Pacific. GCSL was managed on Majuro, RMI’s main island, by the director at the time Dr Irene Taafaki, coordinator Yolanda McKay, and administrators at the University of the South Pacific’s (USP) RMI campus. Through the provision of GCSL, as school leaders we were encouraged to re-think and draw-from our own cultural repository and connect to our ancestral knowledge that have always provided strength for us. This kind of thinking and practice was encouraged by our educational leaders (Heine, 2002). We argue that a culturally-affirming and culturally-contextual framework that reflects the lived experiences of Marshallese people is much needed and enables the disruption of inherent colonial processes left behind by Western and Eastern administrations which have influenced our education system in the RMI (Heine, 2002). Kanne Lobal, an approach utilising a traditional navigation has warranted its need to provide solutions for today’s educational challenges for us in the RMI. Education in the Pacific Education in the Pacific cannot be understood without contextualising it in its history and culture. It is the same for us in the RMI (Heine, 2002; Walsh et al., 2012). The RMI is located in the Pacific Ocean and is part of Micronesia. It was named after a British captain, John Marshall in the 1700s. The atolls in the RMI were explored by the Spanish in the 16th century. Germany unsuccessfully attempted to colonize the islands in 1885. Japan took control in 1914, but after several battles during World War II, the US seized the RMI from them. In 1947, the United Nations made the island group, along with the Mariana and Caroline archipelagos, a U.S. trust territory (Walsh et al, 2012). Education in the RMI reflects the colonial administrations of Germany, Japan, and now the US. Before the turn of the century, formal education in the Pacific reflected western values, practices, and standards. Prior to that, education was informal and not binded to formal learning institutions (Thaman, 1997) and oral traditions was used as the medium for transmitting learning about customs and practices living with parents, grandparents, great grandparents. As alluded to by Jiba B. Kabua (2004), any “discussion about education is necessarily a discussion of culture, and any policy on education is also a policy of culture” (p. 181). It is impossible to promote one without the other, and it is not logical to understand one without the other. Re-thinking how education should look like, the pedagogical strategies that are relevant in our classrooms, the ways to engage with our parents and communities - such re-thinking sits within our cultural approaches and frameworks. Our collective attempts to provide a cultural framework that is relevant and appropriate for education in our context, sits within the political endeavour to decolonize. This means that what we are providing will not only be useful, but it can be used as a tool to question and identify whether things in place restrict and prevent our culture or whether they promote and foreground cultural ideas and concepts, a significant discussion of culture linked to education (Kabua, 2004). Donor funded development aid programmes were provided to support the challenges within education systems. Concerned with the persistent low educational outcomes of Pacific students, despite the prevalence of aid programmes in the region, in 2000 Pacific educators and leaders with support from New Zealand Aid (NZ Aid) decided to intervene (Heine, 2002; Taufe’ulungaki, 2014). In April 2001, a group of Pacific educators and leaders across the region were invited to a colloquium funded by the New Zealand Overseas Development Agency held in Suva Fiji at the University of the South Pacific. The main purpose of the colloquium was to enable “Pacific educators to re-think the values, assumptions and beliefs underlying [formal] schooling in Oceania” (Benson, 2002). Leadership, in general, is a valued practice in the RMI (Heine, 2002). Despite education leadership being identified as a significant factor in school improvement (Sanga & Chu, 2009), the limited formal training opportunities of school principals in the region was a persistent concern. As part of an Asia Development Bank (ADB) funded project, the Improve Quality Basic Education (IQBE) intervention was developed and implemented in the RMI in 2017. Mentoring is a process associated with the continuity and sustainability of leadership knowledge and practices (Sanga & Chu, 2009). It is a key aspect of building capacity and capabilities within human resources in education (ibid). Indigenous knowledges and education research According to Hilda Heine, the relationship between education and leadership is about understanding Marshallese history and culture (cited in Walsh et al., 2012). It is about sharing indigenous knowledge and histories that “details for future generations a story of survival and resilience and the pride we possess as a people” (Heine, cited in Walsh et al., 2012, p. v). This paper is fuelled by postcolonial aspirations yet is grounded in Pacific indigenous research. This means that our intentions are driven by postcolonial pursuits and discourses linked to challenging the colonial systems and schooling in the Pacific region that privileges western knowledge and learning and marginalises the education practices and processes of local people (Thiong’o, 1986). A point of difference and orientation from postcolonialism is a desire to foreground indigenous Pacific language, specifically Majin Majol, through Marshallese concepts. Our collective bwebwenato and conversation honours and values kautiej (respect), jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity), and jouj (kindness) (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). Pacific leaders developed the Rethinking Pacific Education Initiative for and by Pacific People (RPEIPP) in 2002 to take control of the ways in which education research was conducted by donor funded organisations (Taufe’ulungaki, 2014). Our former president, Dr Hilda Heine was part of the group of leaders who sought to counter the ways in which our educational and leadership stories were controlled and told by non-Marshallese (Heine, 2002). As a former minister of education in the RMI, Hilda Heine continues to inspire and encourage the next generation of educators, school leaders, and researchers to re-think and de-construct the way learning and education is conceptualised for Marshallese people. The conceptualisation of Kanne Lobal acknowledges its origin, grounded in Marshallese navigation knowledge and practice. Our decision to unpack and deconstruct Kanne Lobal within the context of formal education and leadership responds to the need to not only draw from indigenous Marshallese ideas and practice but to consider that the next generation will continue to be educated using western processes and initiatives particularly from the US where we get a lot of our funding from. According to indigenous researchers Dawn Bessarab and Bridget Ng’andu (2010), doing research that considers “culturally appropriate processes to engage with indigenous groups and individuals is particularly pertinent in today’s research environment” (p. 37). Pacific indigenous educators and researchers have turned to their own ancestral knowledge and practices for inspiration and empowerment. Within western research contexts, the often stringent ideals and processes are not always encouraging of indigenous methods and practices. However, many were able to ground and articulate their use of indigenous methods as being relevant and appropriate to capturing the realities of their communities (Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Fulu-Aiolupotea, 2014; Thaman, 1997). At the same time, utilising Pacific indigenous methods and approaches enabled research engagement with their communities that honoured and respected them and their communities. For example, Tongan, Samoan, and Fijian researchers used the talanoa method as a way to capture the stories, lived realities, and worldviews of their communities within education in the diaspora (Fa’avae, Jones, & Manu’atu, 2016; Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Aiolupotea, 2014; Vaioleti, 2005). Tok stori was used by Solomon Islander educators and school leaders to highlight the unique circles of conversational practice and storytelling that leads to more positive engagement with their community members, capturing rich and meaningful narratives as a result (Sanga & Houma, 2004). The Indigenous Aborigine in Australia utilise yarning as a “relaxed discussion through which both the researcher and participant journey together visiting places and topics of interest relevant” (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010, p. 38). Despite the diverse forms of discussions and storytelling by indigenous peoples, of significance are the cultural protocols, ethics, and language for conducting and guiding the engagement (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010; Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Aiolupotea, 2014). Through the ethics, values, protocols, and language, these are what makes indigenous methods or frameworks unique compared to western methods like in-depth interviews or semi-structured interviews. This is why it is important for us as Marshallese educators to frame, ground, and articulate how our own methods and frameworks of learning could be realised in western education (Heine, 2002; Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014). In this paper, we utilise bwebwenato as an appropriate method linked to “talk story”, capturing our collective stories and experiences during GCSL and how we sought to build partnerships and collaboration with each other, our communities, and the PSS. Bwebwenato and drawing from Kajin Majel Legends and stories that reflect Marshallese society and its cultural values have survived through our oral traditions. The practice of weaving also holds knowledge about our “valuable and earliest sources of knowledge” (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019, p. 2). The skilful navigation of Marshallese wayfarers on the walap (large canoes) in the ocean is testament of their leadership and the value they place on ensuring the survival and continuity of Marshallese people (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019; Walsh et al., 2012). During her graduate study in 2014, Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner conceptualised bwebwenato as being the most “well-known form of Marshallese orality” (p. 38). The Marshallese-English dictionary defined bwebwenato as talk, conversation, story, history, article, episode, lore, myth, or tale (cited in Jetnil Kijiner, 2014). Three years later in 2017, bwebwenato was utilised in a doctoral project by Natalie Nimmer as a research method to gather “talk stories” about the experiences of 10 Marshallese experts in knowledge and skills ranging from sewing to linguistics, canoe-making and business. Our collective bwebwenato in this paper centres on Marshallese ideas and language. The philosophy of Marshallese knowledge is rooted in our “Kajin Majel”, or Marshallese language and is shared and transmitted through our oral traditions. For instance, through our historical stories and myths. Marshallese philosophy, that is, the knowledge systems inherent in our beliefs, values, customs, and practices are shared. They are inherently relational, meaning that knowledge systems and philosophies within our world are connected, in mind, body, and spirit (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014; Nimmer, 2017). Although some Marshallese believe that our knowledge is disappearing as more and more elders pass away, it is therefore important work together, and learn from each other about the knowledges shared not only by the living but through their lamentations and stories of those who are no longer with us (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014). As a Marshallese practice, weaving has been passed-down from generation to generation. Although the art of weaving is no longer as common as it used to be, the artefacts such as the “jaki-ed” (clothing mats) continue to embody significant Marshallese values and traditions. For our weavers, the jouj (check spelling) is the centre of the mat and it is where the weaving starts. When the jouj is correct and weaved well, the remainder and every other part of the mat will be right. The jouj is symbolic of the “heart” and if the heart is prepared well, trained well, then life or all other parts of the body will be well (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). In that light, we have applied the same to this paper. Conceptualising and drawing from cultural practices that are close and dear to our hearts embodies a significant ontological attempt to prioritize our own knowledge and language, a sense of endearment to who we are and what we believe education to be like for us and the next generation. The application of the phrase “Majolizing '' was used by the Ministry of Education when Hilda Heine was minister, to weave cultural ideas and language into the way that teachers understand the curriculum, develop lesson plans and execute them in the classroom. Despite this, there were still concerns with the embedded colonized practices where teachers defaulted to eurocentric methods of doing things, like the strategies provided in the textbooks given to us. In some ways, our education was slow to adjust to the “Majolizing '' intention by our former minister. In this paper, we provide Kanne Lobal as a way to contribute to the “Majolizing intention” and perhaps speed up yet still be collectively responsible to all involved in education. Kajin Wa and Kanne Lobal “Wa” is the Marshallese concept for canoe. Kajin wa, as in canoe language, has a lot of symbolic meaning linked to deeply-held Marshallese values and practices. The canoe was the foundational practice that supported the livelihood of harsh atoll island living which reflects the Marshallese social world. The experts of Kajin wa often refer to “wa” as being the vessel of life, a means and source of sustaining life (Kelen, 2009, cited in Miller, 2010). “Jouj” means kindness and is the lower part of the main hull of the canoe. It is often referred to by some canoe builders in the RMI as the heart of the canoe and is linked to love. The jouj is one of the first parts of the canoe that is built and is “used to do all other measurements, and then the rest of the canoe is built on top of it” (Miller, 2010, p. 67). The significance of the jouj is that when the canoe is in the water, the jouj is the part of the hull that is underwater and ensures that all the cargo and passengers are safe. For Marshallese, jouj or kindness is what living is about and is associated with selflessly carrying the responsibility of keeping the family and community safe. The parts of the canoe reflect Marshallese culture, legend, family, lineage, and kinship. They embody social responsibilities that guide, direct, and sustain Marshallese families’ wellbeing, from atoll to atoll. For example, the rojak (boom), rojak maan (upper boom), rojak kōrā (lower boom), and they support the edges of the ujelā/ujele (sail) (see figure 1). The literal meaning of rojak maan is male boom and rojak kōrā means female boom which together strengthens the sail and ensures the canoe propels forward in a strong yet safe way. Figuratively, the rojak maan and rojak kōrā symbolise the mother and father relationship which when strong, through the jouj (kindness and love), it can strengthen families and sustain them into the future. Figure 1. Parts of the canoe Source: https://www.canoesmarshallislands.com/2014/09/names-of-canoe-parts/ From a socio-cultural, communal, and leadership view, the canoe (wa) provides understanding of the relationships required to inspire and sustain Marshallese peoples’ education and learning. We draw from Kajin wa because they provide cultural ideas and practices that enable understanding of education and leadership necessary for sustaining Marshallese people and realities in Oceania. When building a canoe, the women are tasked with the weaving of the ujelā/ujele (sail) and to ensure that it is strong enough to withstand long journeys and the fierce winds and waters of the ocean. The Kanne Lobal relates to the front part of the ujelā/ujele (sail) where the rojak maan and rojak kōrā meet and connect (see the red lines in figure 1). Kanne Lobal is linked to the strategic use of the ujelā/ujele by navigators, when there is no wind north wind to propel them forward, to find ways to capture the winds so that their journey can continue. As a proverbial saying, Kanne Lobal is used to ignite thinking and inspire and transform practice particularly when the journey is rough and tough. In this paper we draw from Kanne Lobal to ignite, inspire, and transform our educational and leadership practices, a move to explore what has always been meaningful to Marshallese people when we are faced with challenges. The Kanne Lobal utilises our language, and cultural practices and values by sourcing from the concepts of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity). A key Marshallese proverb, “Enra bwe jen lale rara”, is the cultural practice where families enact compassion through the sharing of food in all occurrences. The term “enra” is a small basket weaved from the coconut leaves, and often used by Marshallese as a plate to share and distribute food amongst each other. Bwe-jen-lale-rara is about noticing and providing for the needs of others, and “enra” the basket will help support and provide for all that are in need. “Enra-bwe-jen-lale-rara” is symbolic of cultural exchange and reciprocity and the cultural values associated with building and maintaining relationships, and constantly honouring each other. As a Marshallese practice, in this article we share our understanding and knowledge about the challenges as well as possible solutions for education concerns in our nation. In addition, we highlight another proverb, “wa kuk wa jimor”, which relates to having one canoe, and despite its capacity to feed and provide for the individual, but within the canoe all people can benefit from what it can provide. In the same way, we provide in this paper a cultural framework that will enable all educators to benefit from. It is a framework that is far-reaching and relevant to the lived realities of Marshallese people today. Kumit relates to people united to build strength, all co-operating and working together, living in peace, harmony, and good health. Kanne Lobal: conceptual framework for education and leadership An education framework is a conceptual structure that can be used to capture ideas and thinking related to aspects of learning. Kanne Lobal is conceptualised and framed in this paper as an educational framework. Kanne Lobal highlights the significance of education as a collective partnership whereby leadership is an important aspect. Kanne Lobal draws-from indigenous Marshallese concepts like kautiej (respect), jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity), and jouj (kindness, heart). The role of a leader, including an education leader, is to prioritise collective learning and partnerships that benefits Marshallese people and the continuity and survival of the next generation (Heine, 2002; Thaman, 1995). As described by Ejnar Aerōk, an expert canoe builder in the RMI, he stated: “jerbal ippān doon bwe en maron maan wa e” (cited in Miller, 2010, p. 69). His description emphasises the significance of partnerships and working together when navigating and journeying together in order to move the canoe forward. The kubaak, the outrigger of the wa (canoe) is about “partnerships”. For us as elementary school leaders on Majuro, kubaak encourages us to value collaborative partnerships with each other as well as our communities, PSS, and other stakeholders. Partnerships is an important part of the Kanne Lobal education and leadership framework. It requires ongoing bwebwenato – the inspiring as well as confronting and challenging conversations that should be mediated and negotiated if we and our education stakeholders are to journey together to ensure that the educational services we provide benefits our next generation of young people in the RMI. Navigating ahead the partnerships, mediation, and negotiation are the core values of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity). As an organic conceptual framework grounded in indigenous values, inspired through our lived experiences, Kanne Lobal provides ideas and concepts for re-thinking education and leadership practices that are conducive to learning and teaching in the schooling context in the RMI. By no means does it provide the solution to the education ills in our nation. However, we argue that Kanne Lobal is a more relevant approach which is much needed for the negatively stigmatised system as a consequence of the various colonial administrations that have and continue to shape and reframe our ideas about what education should be like for us in the RMI. Moreover, Kannel Lobal is our attempt to decolonize the framing of education and leadership, moving our bwebwenato to re-framing conversations of teaching and learning so that our cultural knowledge and values are foregrounded, appreciated, and realised within our education system. Bwebwenato: sharing our stories In this section, we use bwebwenato as a method of gathering and capturing our stories as data. Below we capture our stories and ongoing conversations about the richness in Marshallese cultural knowledge in the outer islands and on Majuro and the potentialities in Kanne Lobal. Danny Jim When I was in third grade (9-10 years of age), during my grandfather’s speech in Arno, an atoll near Majuro, during a time when a wa (canoe) was being blessed and ready to put the canoe into the ocean. My grandfather told me the canoe was a blessing for the family. “Without a canoe, a family cannot provide for them”, he said. The canoe allows for travelling between places to gather food and other sources to provide for the family. My grandfather’s stories about people’s roles within the canoe reminded me that everyone within the family has a responsibility to each other. Our women, mothers and daughters too have a significant responsibility in the journey, in fact, they hold us, care for us, and given strength to their husbands, brothers, and sons. The wise man or elder sits in the middle of the canoe, directing the young man who help to steer. The young man, he does all the work, directed by the older man. They take advice and seek the wisdom of the elder. In front of the canoe, a young boy is placed there and because of his strong and youthful vision, he is able to help the elder as well as the young man on the canoe. The story can be linked to the roles that school leaders, teachers, and students have in schooling. Without each person knowing intricately their role and responsibility, the sight and vision ahead for the collective aspirations of the school and the community is difficult to comprehend. For me, the canoe is symbolic of our educational journey within our education system. As the school leader, a central, trusted, and respected figure in the school, they provide support for teachers who are at the helm, pedagogically striving to provide for their students. For without strong direction from the school leaders and teachers at the helm, the students, like the young boy, cannot foresee their futures, or envisage how education can benefit them. This is why Kanne Lobal is a significant framework for us in the Marshall Islands because within the practice we are able to take heed and empower each other so that all benefit from the process. Kanne Lobal is linked to our culture, an essential part of who we are. We must rely on our own local approaches, rather than relying on others that are not relevant to what we know and how we live in today’s society. One of the things I can tell is that in Majuro, compared to the outer islands, it’s different. In the outer islands, parents bring children together and tell them legends and stories. The elders tell them about the legends and stories – the bwebwenato. Children from outer islands know a lot more about Marshallese legends compared to children from the Majuro atoll. They usually stay close to their parents, observe how to prepare food and all types of Marshallese skills. Loretta Joseph Case There is little Western influence in the outer islands. They grow up learning their own culture with their parents, not having tv. They are closely knit, making their own food, learning to weave. They use fire for cooking food. They are more connected because there are few of them, doing their own culture. For example, if they’re building a house, the ladies will come together and make food to take to the males that are building the house, encouraging them to keep on working - “jemjem maal” (sharpening tools i.e. axe, like encouraging workers to empower them). It’s when they bring food and entertainment. Rubon Rubon Togetherness, work together, sharing of food, these are important practices as a school leader. Jemjem maal – the whole village works together, men working and the women encourage them with food and entertainment. All the young children are involved in all of the cultural practices, cultural transmission is consistently part of their everyday life. These are stronger in the outer islands. Kanne Lobal has the potential to provide solutions using our own knowledge and practices. Connie Joel When new teachers become a teacher, they learn more about their culture in teaching. Teaching raises the question, who are we? A popular saying amongst our people, “Aelon kein ad ej aelon in manit”, means that “Our islands are cultural islands”. Therefore, when we are teaching, and managing the school, we must do this culturally. When we live and breathe, we must do this culturally. There is more socialising with family and extended family. Respect the elderly. When they’re doing things the ladies all get together, in groups and do it. Cut the breadfruit, and preserve the breadfruit and pandanus. They come together and do it. Same as fishing, building houses, building canoes. They use and speak the language often spoken by the older people. There are words that people in the outer islands use and understand language regularly applied by the elderly. Respect elderly and leaders more i.e., chiefs (iroj), commoners (alap), and the workers on the land (ri-jerbal) (social layer under the commoners). All the kids, they gather with their families, and go and visit the chiefs and alap, and take gifts from their land, first produce/food from the plantation (eojōk). Tommy Almet The people are more connected to the culture in the outer islands because they help one another. They don’t have to always buy things by themselves, everyone contributes to the occasion. For instance, for birthdays, boys go fishing, others contribute and all share with everyone. Kanne Lobal is a practice that can bring people together – leaders, teachers, stakeholders. We want our colleagues to keep strong and work together to fix problems like students and teachers’ absenteeism which is a big problem for us in schools. Demetria Malachi The culture in the outer islands are more accessible and exposed to children. In Majuro, there is a mixedness of cultures and knowledges, influenced by Western thinking and practices. Kanne Lobal is an idea that can enhance quality educational purposes for the RMI. We, the school leaders who did GCSL, we want to merge and use this idea because it will help benefit students’ learning and teachers’ teaching. Kanne Lobal will help students to learn and teachers to teach though traditional skills and knowledge. We want to revitalize our ways of life through teaching because it is slowly fading away. Also, we want to have our own Marshallese learning process because it is in our own language making it easier to use and understand. Essentially, we want to proudly use our own ways of teaching from our ancestors showing the appreciation and blessings given to us. Way Forward To think of ways forward is about reflecting on the past and current learnings. Instead of a traditional discussion within a research publication, we have opted to continue our bwebwenato by sharing what we have learnt through the Graduate Certificate in School Leadership (GCSL) programme. Our bwebwenato does not end in this article and this opportunity to collaborate and partner together in this piece of writing has been a meaningful experience to conceptualise and unpack the Kanne Lobal framework. Our collaborative bwebwenato has enabled us to dig deep into our own wise knowledges for guidance through mediating and negotiating the challenges in education and leadership (Sanga & Houma, 2004). For example, bwe-jen-lale-rara reminds us to inquire, pay attention, and focus on supporting the needs of others. Through enra-bwe-jen-lale-rara, it reminds us to value cultural exchange and reciprocity which will strengthen the development and maintaining of relationships based on ways we continue to honour each other (Nimmer, 2017). We not only continue to support each other, but also help mentor the next generation of school leaders within our education system (Heine, 2002). Education and leadership are all about collaborative partnerships (Sanga & Chu, 2009; Thaman, 1997). Developing partnerships through the GCSL was useful learning for us. It encouraged us to work together, share knowledge, respect each other, and be kind. The values of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity) are meaningful in being and becoming and educational leader in the RMI (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014; Miller, 2010; Nimmer, 2017). These values are meaningful for us practice particularly given the drive by PSS for schools to become accredited. The workshops and meetings delivered during the GCSL in the RMI from 2018 to 2019 about Kanne Lobal has given us strength to share our stories and experiences from the meeting with the stakeholders. But before we met with the stakeholders, we were encouraged to share and speak in our language within our courses: EDP05 (Professional Development and Learning), EDP06 (School Leadership), EDP07 (School Management), EDP08 (Teaching and Learning), and EDP09 (Community Partnerships). In groups, we shared our presentations with our peers, the 15 school leaders in the GCSL programme. We also invited USP RMI staff. They liked the way we presented Kannel Lobal. They provided us with feedback, for example: how the use of the sail on the canoe, the parts and their functions can be conceptualised in education and how they are related to the way that we teach our own young people. Engaging stakeholders in the conceptualisation and design stages of Kanne Lobal strengthened our understanding of leadership and collaborative partnerships. Based on various meetings with the RMI Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL) team, PSS general assembly, teachers from the outer islands, and the PSS executive committee, we were able to share and receive feedback on the Kanne Lobal framework. The coordinators of the PREL programme in the RMI were excited by the possibilities around using Kanne Lobal, as a way to teach culture in an inspirational way to Marshallese students. Our Marshallese knowledge, particularly through the proverbial meaning of Kanne Lobal provided so much inspiration and insight for the groups during the presentation which gave us hope and confidence to develop the framework. Kanne Lobal is an organic and indigenous approach, grounded in Marshallese ways of doing things (Heine, 2002; Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). Given the persistent presence of colonial processes within the education system and the constant reference to practices and initiatives from the US, Kanne Lobal for us provides a refreshing yet fulfilling experience and makes us feel warm inside because it is something that belongs to all Marshallese people. Conclusion Marshallese indigenous knowledge and practices provide meaningful educational and leadership understanding and learnings. They ignite, inspire, and transform thinking and practice. The Kanne Lobal conceptual framework emphasises key concepts and values necessary for collaborative partnerships within education and leadership practices in the RMI. The bwebwenato or talk stories have been insightful and have highlighted the strengths and benefits that our Marshallese ideas and practices possess when looking for appropriate and relevant ways to understand education and leadership. Acknowledgements We want to acknowledge our GCSL cohort of school leaders who have supported us in the development of Kanne Lobal as a conceptual framework. A huge kommol tata to our friends: Joana, Rosana, Loretta, Jellan, Alvin, Ellice, Rolando, Stephen, and Alan. References Benson, C. (2002). Preface. In F. Pene, A. M. Taufe’ulungaki, & C. Benson (Eds.), Tree of Opportunity: re-thinking Pacific Education (p. iv). Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific, Institute of Education. Bessarab, D., Ng’andu, B. (2010). Yarning about yarning as a legitimate method in indigenous research. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, 3(1), 37-50. Fa’avae, D., Jones, A., & Manu’atu, L. (2016). Talanoa’i ‘a e talanoa - talking about talanoa: Some dilemmas of a novice researcher. AlterNative: An Indigenous Journal of Indigenous Peoples,12(2),138-150. Heine, H. C. (2002). A Marshall Islands perspective. In F. Pene, A. M. Taufe’ulungaki, & C. 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Despite increasing scholarship on teacher identity, there remains a gap on characterizing developing teacher-researcher identities, which can provide a deeper understanding of the many facets of the teaching profession. To fill this gap, the study examined the experiences of a Filipino high school teacher, Levi, who was mainly selected for typifying local teacher-researchers. The study asked the following questions: (1) How did Levi’s language teacher-researcher identities develop? and (2) How can Levi’s language teacher-researcher identities be characterized throughout development? Following the narrative inquiry approach, questions eliciting experiences of being a teacher-researcher were used for conducting semi-structured online interviews. Interview data were transcribed and coded. Grounded on Gee’s theory on identity, the coded data were analyzed to determine how teacher-researcher identities developed, and experiences were unpacked to determine manifested teacher-researcher identities. Findings showed that Levi’s language teacher-researcher identities developed in a transformative manner marked by Beginning, Developmental, and Conflict stages. Levi’s novice teacher-researcher identities were flexible and adaptable in the Beginning stage, socially receptive in Developmental, and grappling for balance in Conflict. Levi’s language teacher-researcher identities were molded by a reflective process marked by professional learning, peer mentorship, and identity negotiation. Developing consciousness of one’s teacher-researcher identities by participating in continuous professional development and seeking opportunities for research collaboration and research engagement is recommended.

PurposeWritten feedback on research-related writing is an important educational component of novice researcher development. Limited evidence exists to inform effective written feedback, particularly in relation to research reports by novice researchers. The aim of this narrative literature review was to explore supervisor and novice researcher perspectives on the provision of written feedback, particularly in the context of their evolving supervisory relationship. MethodsA systematic search of peer-reviewed journals in educational and health databases was undertaken for the terms ‘written feedback’ and ‘research report’, from January 2001 to August 2020. Identified literature was critiqued for methodological quality. Findings were coded, grouped and described as themes. Next, the themes and their parts were applied to the development of a two-part written feedback checklist that includes separate but related recommendations for supervisors and novice researchers.FindingsFrom 35 included papers, the four main themes that related to written feedback on research reports by novice researchers were: the emotional impact of receiving or giving written feedback; written feedback in the supervisory power dynamic; communicating written feedback; and the content and structure of written feedback. The changing nature and complexity of factors associated with written feedback from research supervisors reflected the transition from a supervisory relationship to a peer relationship. The checklist developed from the synthesised data is intended to provide guidance for supervisors and students about their respective and shared responsibilities within a supervisory relationship. ImplicationsIncreased awareness of the characteristics, roles and impact of written feedback will assist supervisors of novice researchers to provide effective written feedback, and for students to effectively utilise written feedback. Progression of written feedback throughout the supervisory period is proposed as a means of transitioning from a teacher-student to a peer researcher relationship.

AbstractTeacher decision-making and pedagogical reasoning have been extensively investigated in the last two decades. However, there is a scarcity of research that examines the two constructs together in one single study. This study was an attempt to address this gap by implementing a teacher education course using the self-evaluation of teacher talk (SETT) framework that aimed to reshape the decision-making and pedagogical reasoning of ten non-native teachers. Data were collected over a 10-week period through Camtasia, which facilitated video-stimulated recall sessions. Conversation analysis was employed to analyze the interactions in classroom context between the learners and the novice teachers and the interactions between the novices and the first researcher-as-a-participant or experienced teacher. The findings showed that the novices relied on the SETT-oriented metalanguage to justify their decisions after the teacher education course (POST-TEC). In addition, although in the PRE-TEC phase, they lost their temper and codeswitched because of frustration when facing learners’ reticence, they used a number of useful interactive decisions such as avoiding teacher echoes and on-the-spot corrections during discussions in the POST-TEC. It can be concluded that examining the SETT modes separately contributes to our richer understanding of classroom discourse, as each mode has its own specific pedagogic goals that teachers should pay attention to in their classroom decisions. Suggestions for further research and implications for making the decision-making and pedagogical reasoning of language teachers more explicit are provided.

Studies examining students’ academic literacy development have received increasing attention in the past two decades, with exponential growth in the literature since 2010. Despite this, there have been relatively few empirical studies on novice teachers’ academic literacy learning process and the construction of teachers’ professional identities. To address this issue, this study employed a longitudinal narrative inquiry to trace and evaluate the professional identity construction of two Chinese novice language teachers as they developed academic literacy in their master’s and doctoral programs in the United States. The study adopted a Community of Practice (CoP) framework and drew upon various data sources, such as both novice teachers’ coursework, reflection journals, statements of teaching philosophy, and other supplementary documents, to evaluate how each participant was socially engaged (or disengaged) in a new language education community and how they developed professional identities as language teachers in this process. The findings indicate that the pedagogical knowledge and theories acquired by both participants during their graduate studies informed their teaching methods and promoted their development of a researcher-teacher identity. In addition, the longitudinal data allowed for tracking changes in both participants’ self-efficacy and emotions. While the stories of both novice teachers described the evolution of their teaching beliefs throughout their graduate studies, their narratives also highlighted a lack of micropolitical literacy training at the graduate level. This study contributes to our understanding of the connection between academic literacy development and the formation of teacher professional identity by shedding light on novice language teachers with a non-native English-speaking background. The implications for future research are also provided.

In this article, I revisit my experiences during my doctoral fieldwork from the lens of a novice qualitative researcher. Initially embracing the role of narrative inquirer, I was in the midst of navigating my inquisitive journey by re-examining my personal practical knowledge as a means to confront my puzzle of practice. Six months of fieldwork allowed me to re-experience my classroom teaching practice through a pair of new eyes. As my research was ending, events took an unexpected turn, leading to the delicate issue of female teacher/lecturer-student relationships during research fieldwork and the dilemma of deciding whether to include or ignore this so-called "uncomfortable episode" in my thesis. This article employs an autoethnographic approach to further explore the sequence of events I experienced during and after an interview session with a male research participant, as they happened. By sharing this story from an autoethnographic lens, I hope to shed some light on the implications of such an episode. The lesson learnt suggests that rigour, honesty, integrity, respect, responsibility, and reflexivity are among the principles that an ethical researcher upholds and are frequently embedded in one's own personal belief system. As such, a novice qualitative researcher should constantly embrace these values when faced with an unforeseen occurrence during research.

Peer debriefing ensures the trustworthiness of a qualitative research study. Through peer debriefing, the researcher explores the research design, data collection process, and data analysis while colleagues, serving as critical friends, encourage the researcher to examine the research process from multiple perspectives. This paper examines experiences in a peer debriefing group formed by five female teacher researchers as a part of their graduate requirements for doctoral work, and their continued association as they pursued their professional goals. Three themes emerged based on the analysis of team meeting minutes, reflective journal logs, and case reports constructed reflectively by the five participants. These were: (a) essential elements of a successful peer debriefing group are commitment, continuity, and individual expectations being met; (b) participation can serve as an important development step in preparation as a professional researcher and educator; and (c) academic and emotional support provided by a peer debriefing group is a motivating factor leading to researcher’s perceptions of success. These themes highlight the benefits of including peer debriefing as a part of the action research process of teacher researchers as a means of dealing with the ‘messiness’ that novice teachers researchers encounter when conducting action or self-study research.

This study aimed to examine how a novice Physical Education teacher unfolded her pedagogical practice as a facilitator of learning during a hybrid Sport Education/Step-Game-Approach volleyball season; and to investigate students’ perceptions about their lived learning experiences and active involvement in building their own learning process. For this purpose, an insider action-research design was implemented throughout one school term (20 lessons of 45 minutes each in total). Twenty-five students (aged between16 and17 years old), enrolled in the 12th grade at a Portuguese high school took part in this investigation. The novice teacher, who held two years of professional experience, assumed the dual role of teacher-researcher, facilitating an in-depth understanding of the complexity featuring of the teaching-learning process. Qualitative data were collected using multiple data sources (i.e., teacher’s lesson plans and field diary, and student’s focus-group interviews), and analyzed using a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive thematic analysis. The results revealed that the use of this hybrid season helped the teacher to act as facilitator of learning, namely by: (i) using two student-centered models with unique internal structures and functionalities, (ii) increasing the level of responsibility taken by students for their own learning experiences, (iii) adapting the lesson plans to students’ individual needs, and (iv) combining a more supportive intervention with the use of more indirect teaching strategies. Together, these strategies seemed to prompt students’ autonomy and sense of active control of the class activities, the development of students’ abilities and volleyball-based knowledge, leading them to be more interested and engaged in Physical Education. In conclusion, the alliance between the student-centered environment (Sport Education) and the specificity of the content subject-knowledge (Step-Game Approach for non-invasion games) seems to have allow the novice teacher to adjust her pedagogical intervention as facilitator of learning to students’ individual learning needs.

This paper reports on an observational case study conducted to investigate the possibilities available to language teachers, non-expert, or novice in corpus analysis, in integrating corpus analysis technology to design language learning activities. Despite the availability of corpus analysis technology and large amounts of studies in corpus analysis of texts, studies on corpus-based language teaching and learning, development of language teaching-learning material incorporating corpus analysis technology and techniques by teachers who are non-experts in the field of corpus analysis for classroom teaching has remained an exception. This paper records the personal experience of the researcher as a language practitioner using corpus analysis technology in designing teaching learning material to achieve the objectives of a language course for undergraduates of low English proficiency (LEP) studying in an English medium instruction (EMI) context. Although this exercise posed challenges for the language teacher who is a ‘non-expert’ to the field, the researcher documents its positive and promising outcomes as proof to support more extensive ‘non-expert’ teacher-driven, student-participatory corpus based English language learning methodologies.

Despite empirical evidence in support of the effectiveness of using tasks in young learners’ classrooms, task implementation has been repeatedly reported as a thorny problem. An essential but under-researched issue is how in-service teacher education programme can be conducted to facilitate teachers’ implementing tasks in their classrooms. This practitioner research article reports on a researcher and teacher educator’s action research study in which she worked with Lucille (pseudonym), a novice English language teacher, to design and implement two repeated task-based language teaching (TBLT) lessons for Grade 2 students at a Chinese primary school. During a six-week teacher education program consisting of two cycles of TBLT lesson planning, implementation, evaluation, and reflection, the teacher educator provided continuous support to guide and scaffold Lucille’s reflective endeavours at crafting TBLT practices in her classrooms. The teacher educator also conducted student-based, response-based, learning-based, and community-based task evaluations to facilitate the teacher’s reflective practices. The study illustrates how an in-service teacher education program, fuelled by on-going professional support and empirical evaluation, facilitated a practitioner’s task implementation in young learners’ foreign language classrooms.

Self-efficacy and critical thinking (CT) contribute to teachers’ successful performance in their profession and can ultimately develop the education system of society. The researcher designed a sequential explanatory mixed methods study to follow three objectives in exploring practical opportunities for EFL teacher development. First, it examined the relationship between SE and CT of novice and experienced teachers. Next, it investigated whether the two groups differed in the two variables. Third, it explored whether an instruction on CT skills could promote teachers’ thinking skills and self-efficacy. The results of Pearson’s r showed a positive correlation between the two dispositions. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the CT and self-efficacy of the groups. In the second phase, a quantitative study with a static group comparison design was followed by a qualitative study that investigated participants’ improvement after receiving training on thinking skills. The results of the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) indicated statistically significant differences between the groups’ self-efficacy and CT. At the final step, volunteers from the experimental group were interviewed to clarify the results obtained from the quantitative phase. The study has implications for teachers and teacher trainers.

In language education, little classroom-based research has been conducted regarding novice teachers of English for academic purposes (EAP), and even less on teaching EAP at graduate level and on graduate teaching assistants (GTAs), a significant but overlooked teacher population at universities. Thus, this ethnographic case study focuses on the exploration of a GTA’s self-positioning in a graduate-level EAP composition class, with which he was unfamiliar as he taught it for the first time. Classroom field notes, audio-recordings, and interviews, in addition to supportive data, were collected and analysed through the lens of positioning and agency. The analysis of the data revealed that the teacher took up three core identity positions: a considerate teacher of English as a second language (ESL), an experienced and knowledgeable researcher, and a limited writing teacher. The findings further indicated that the possession of or the lack of knowledge on research, EAP writing, students, and genre pedagogy influenced the teacher’s agency in constructing identity positions and making pedagogical decisions. The study contributes to the limited investigation of EAP research and further explores the relationship among teacher knowledge, identity positions, and pedagogical agency. The study bears implications for the teaching of EAP writing and professional training.

Although induction support is heralded as an effective way to reduce high attrition among beginning teachers, nationwide increases in induction participation have not been accompanied by a comparable reduction in attrition rates. This inconsistency suggests some induction programs may not provide adequate support. This article presents the results of a case study that explored the experiences of a beginning teacher who left the profession despite participation in an induction program. The research question was: "Why was Stella unsuccessful in her second year of teaching?" The results are presented through the postmodern ethnographic method of layered account (Ronai, 1997). In addition to raising questions about how to effectively support new teachers, this article includes a discussion of methodological limitations, ethics, subjectivity, and researcher response to participant distress.

The researcher carried out the study to find out, “How teaching strategies that teachers employ in the secondary schools raise students’ level of motivation to learn effectively.” The research explored the relationship between teaching strategies used and motivation affecting the effective teaching-learning process in our schools. Researcher was guided by epistemological assumption and anchored on a social constructivist worldview. Being a novice researcher I employed a qualitative approach with the use of phenomenology as research design. This choice has facilitated the researcher to gain hands-on experiences of the participants in the field. For data collection researchers employed interview (semi-structured) and observation as research tools involving two schools for the study. Researchers invited six teachers (all male) and eight students (4 boys and 4 girls) as the research samples. The data collected from the field was presented, thoroughly discussed and critically analyzed. The study revealed that our existing system of teaching lacks the blend of motivation in the teaching strategies utilized, resulting in minimal learning to our students due to lack of motivation. One of the main recommendations is there is a need for the ministry to look into the possibility of offering courses on motivation compulsorily to all the teacher trainees in the two Colleges of Education.

This paper presents a discussion and reflections on using a mixed-method case study research design to explore the remote work experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a team, we used our own experiences and in-depth interviews with six teacher educators in the case context of a university. The themes of the analysis of these interviews were used to build a survey instrument to see to what extent other teacher educators within the boundary of the case had similar or different experiences during the first academic year of COVID-19 (2020/21). Through the discussions and reflections on the purpose of the study, the research experience and the role of case study mixed methods research, the article offers an illustration of conducting mixed-method case study research embedded with an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. These reflections can be helpful to novice researchers about to embark on a combined case study mixed methods design and provide insights and useful details for the more advanced researcher.

Since my days as a novice teacher, I have always asked myself: ‘How do I improve what I am doing?’ When I started my doctoral studies, I engaged in critical reflection and reflexivity on my pedagogical practices, and, in the spirit of Alice in Wonderland, became “curiouser and curiouser” about ‘inquiry’ and why it requires a prominent position in my practice. It tells the story of the development of my knowledge, understanding, and educational practice as I researched to improve my pedagogical ‘inquiry skills’. This article builds on my doctoral studies. The process of writing this article has enabled me to develop my understanding of Living Educational Theory Research, drawing on my Action Research work, and share my explanation of the importance of conducting it. Using my lived experiences of my doctoral studies, I narrate what I have done to explore and answer questions, with particular regards to pedagogical practices of inquiry in my home country of Malaysia. This article explains how, my epistemic beliefs and values, pedagogical knowledge, and practices as a science teacher improved. I now see myself, as a teacher-researcher, working towards and living my values, and recognising the impact that this has had on my current practice as a teacher educator. I continue to reflect upon, question, and evaluate what I do as I constantly seek to live my values in my practice.

This article focuses on my ethnographic self-reconstruction in order to explore my academic journey, by critically evaluating the influence of professional academic cultures on my teaching practice, with a view to understanding my professional identity. I make visible to the reader and myself my suppressed feelings, emotions and ambitions by analysing learning opportunities that facilitate my ‘being’ an academic. Drawing on theoretical frames from autoethnography, I engage in personal epistemological vigilance by directing my sociological gaze inwards. I retroactively and selectively draw on diary recordings of my own micro-ethnographies, and my teaching portfolio statement as the data sets. My entry into this slippery, treacherous space evokes feelings of vulnerability and hyper-visibility. It illuminates the struggle of being on the right-hand side of binaries such as disciplinary specialist/ interdisciplinary researcher, experienced/novice academic, and scholar/teacher. This work has implications for other academics who feel undervalued, over-extended and trapped in the labour of teaching.