Relevant bibliographies by topics / Novgorod (City)

Academic literature on the topic 'Novgorod (City)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Novgorod (City)"

1

Lukin, Pavel V. "“Novgorod the Great”." Slovene 7, no. 2 (2018): 383–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.2.15.

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The aim of the paper is to examine the concept that was crucial for the Novgorod’s political identity in the time of independence — ‘Novgorod the Great’ (Veliky Novgorod). The author takes into account not only mentions of this phrase in Novgorodian medieval documents and narratives, but also considerable and highly important evidence originating from other Russian lands and abroad (Hanseatic and Lithuanian documents written in Middle Low German and Latin). A review of the relevant publications shows that, at present, the issue still remains a controversial one. The author comes to the following conclusions. In Hanseatic documents, written in Middle Low German, ‘Novgorod the Great’ was already being mentioned since at least 1330s, which is more than sixty years earlier than is considered in the current conventional view. For the first time ‘Novgorod the Great’ is mentioned not in a Novgorodian text but in a Kievan one — in the account from the Hypatian Chronicle of 1141. In the second half of the 12th century it appeared in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal, and only much later was adopted by Novgorodians themselves. While in Southern and North-East Rus’ ‘Novgorod the Great’ was initially used to distinguish Novgorod on the Volkhov River from local and smaller Novgorods (Novgorod-Seversky and Nizhny Novgorod), Novgorodians employed it to glorify their polity. In this case it could stand for three different things: the city of Novgorod, the whole polity (Novgorod republic), and ‘the political people’ of Novgorod, i.e. those of the Novgorodians who enjoyed full citizenship rights.
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2

Péderi, Tamás. "The Role of Economy in the Early Wars of Novgorod." Specimina Nova Pars Prima Sectio Medaevalis 9 (May 4, 2022): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/spmnnv.2017.09.06.

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Novgorod became the mercantile centre of the Northern Rus’ in the 10th century. After the city (or city-state) gained independence from Kiev in 1136, its main aim was to keep this position as its economy was based on trade. Evidently, the military and economic interests of the Novgorodian elite met and determined the city’s war policy. The early period, especially the 12th century was the creation of the “Novgorod Land”, expanding the city’s possessions in all corners of the region. During this expansion, Novgorod conquered local tribes and settlements in north-eastern Europe but instead of incorporating them directly into its realm, the city-state rather maintained taxing centres to get primary products as tribute for the Baltic trade. This expansive period ended around the 1220s when strong new enemies appeared at Novgorod’s borders: “Latin” crusaders in the West and Mongols in the East. Facing these new challenges Novgorod strengthened its dependencies and began to follow new, defensive policy. In this paper, my aim is to introduce the early, expansive period of Novgorod’s history and to highlight the links between the military activities and the economic interests of the city.
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Назаренко, Наталья, and Natal'ya Nazarenko. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE CITY GERMAN LAW ON REGULATION OF TRADE RELATIONS IN VELIKIY NOVGOROD IN THE XII—XVII CENTURIES." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_598063fa9740b6.23500509.

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The article examines the nature of the influence of Germany’s urban law on Novgorod’s schras and the development of trade relations between Velikiy Novgorod and the Hanseatic League. The history of the formation of the municipal law of Germany and its variants — the system of law of the cities of Magdeburg and Lübeck — is covered. The foundation of the law of Lübeck, Magdeburg and other cities was the norms on the basis of which relations were built with the emperor or the episcopal administration, therefore the city’s charters of Germany have a number of coincidences. Some legal provisions borrowed from the city charters, as well as the rights of Lübeck and Magdeburg, will subsequently be included in the texts of Novgorod’s trade agreements and Novgorod hiding after the organization of trade representations (courtyards, factories) of the Hansa. Novgorod’s schras — multidimensional collections containing provisions on the organization of the court, the rules of trade, as well as the rules of criminal law and process. The texts of the laws have come down to our time in seven editions. The basis for all subsequent versions of the collections was the text of the secret of the second half of the XII century. Organized nature, benefits, rights and economic interests allowed German merchants to gain advantages in trade and to exist in Novgorod as a corporation for several centuries. Structural changes in the trade relations of Novgorod and the cities of the Hanseatic League led to important changes in law, especially civil and commercial, most related to the economy. Economic interaction initiated the process of legal integration between Russia and the West, stimulated the rapprochement and mutual influence of Russian and European legal institutions, gave rise to new forms of law that are acceptable for today.
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Speshilova, E. I. "Public art in the historical city: Visualizing the local cultural code." Urbis et Orbis Microhistory and Semiotics of the City 4, no. 1 (2024): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/urbis-2024-4(1)-23-38.

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The article analyses public art within the framework of the cultural approach – as a form of visualization of the city’s cultural code. The author examines the variants of public art comprehension existing in the Russian academic discourse and identifies the two most common approaches to the interpretation of art in the public space. According to the first approach, public art is interpreted as “commissioned” art, which is an instrument of the state’s ideological policy, and is therefore evaluated negatively. According to the second approach, public art is understood in a less evaluative and more meaningful way, emphasizing the variability of artistic practices existing within it, their focus on communication with society, participation of residents and reflection of locally significant meanings. The article emphasizes the commemorative functions of public art and comprehends its role in the actualization of the city’s cultural memory and representation of urban identity. The author explores what historical, cultural and mythological narratives are depicted on the murals in Veliky Novgorod, created within the framework of the All-Russian Street Art Festival “Pages of History” (2019– 2023). The article proposes to categorize Novgorod murals into the following thematic groups: 1) genius loci; 2) historical subjects; 3) myths and legends; 4) cultural heritage; 5) natural objects; 6) modern heroes. Art in Veliky Novgorod’s public spaces, especially located in typical Soviet districts, serve to individualize the urban environment and create new points of attraction for the city dwellers. Murals have become part of new excursion routes that run both through the symbolic city center and the city outskirts. The author argues that the subjects represented on the murals are authentic for Veliky Novgorod, contribute to the formation of local identity, enhance the imagery of the urban environment and emphasize the uniqueness of the Novgorod cultural landscape.
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Shaveleva, Marina. "The trends of growth and social-estate composition of the Arzamas uyezd population (1779—1860)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 9-1 (September 1, 2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202209statyi23.

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The establishment of Arzamas as an uyezd center in the Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty (1779) and the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate (1796) marks a new stage in the development of the city and uyezd. In the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate Arzamas was the second most populated city after Nizhny Novgorod. Most of the citizens in the uyezd were peasants (private households), while in the city - burghers. Since 1779 till 1860 the population of Arzamas increased 4.6 times; the number of burghers increased 3.2 times, merchants - 5.7 times. Embracing the traits of the most typical uyezd center of 1779-1860, Arzamas is the model to research the administrative division, social-estate structure of uyezd cities in the governorate system, later - the governance system.
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Vasiliev, Ya. "ARCHIVAL MATERIALS ON THE HISTORY OF BANKS OF THE NOVGOROD PROVINCE (FROM THE FUNDS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVE AND THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE NOVGOROD REGION)." PERSONAL FUNDS OF STATE ARCHIVES AS A SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION RESOURCE, no. 2 (2023): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/978-5-6049622-0-6-2023-12.

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The article discusses archival materials on the history of banks of the Novgorod province from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Novgorod region. The materials of the Novgorod province are presented according to the varieties of these credit institutions: pre-reform credit institutions, the Novgorod branch of the peasant land bank, the state noble land bank, the state bank, city public banks.
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Ivanova, N. F. "«I see a city so far away that doesn’t exist…» (pre-war Novgorod in K. Paustovsky’s novel «The Smoke of the Fatherland»)." Urbis et Orbis Microhistory and Semiotics of the City 3, no. 1 (2023): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/urbis-2023-3(1)-112-133.

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The article is devoted to a special urban space – pre-war Novgorod, recreated by K. G. Paustovsky after a trip to the Russian North in the late 1930s. On the pages of the novel, the writer pays attention to the Pushkin Mountains, Odessa, and Leningrad but the chapters about Novgorod can be read as an independent text. The material of the study was the epistolary and literary heritage of the writer, in which there are references to Novgorod, the novel The Smoke of the Fatherland, which has a difficult publicist’s history. The aim of the study is to recreate the image of pre-war Novgorod, described by Paustovsky, not as a museum city but a city with a unique appearance, where the past and present, nature, art and culture, traditions coexist. The article is based on socio-critical, hermeneutical, semiotic, and discursive approaches. The main conclusions of the article are related to the fact that the novel, which bears the stamp of its time, the lyrical and romantic attitude of the writer of the 1930s and 1940s, maybe, if it is returned to the urban Novgorod text, relevant, and Paustovsky, pushed to the periphery, should remain in the space of Russian literature, Russian culture. The choice of material is due not only to academic interest in Paustovsky’s work, but also to concern about the fate and pressing problems of the city. Firstly, the visual range of the novel allows us to reconstruct the pre-war image of the city, which does not exist, since it was almost completely destroyed during the Great Patriotic War. Secondly, the proposed plans for the restoration of the city (in particular, Academician Shchusev) were often corrected, changed by local authorities, were not fully implemented, and shortterm pragmatic solutions often won. Novgorod is still going through transformations today, and one can only hope and believe that the time will come to return the lost face, the historical appearance to the city. Paustovsky’s novel will allow the reader to compare pre-war Novgorod with today’s appearance of the city, devoid of integrity and structure, and to think about its preservation.
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Gavrilov, A. M., and E. I. Speshilova. "Expert interview on the cultural code of Veliky Novgorod: The modernity of the historical city." Urbis et Orbis Microhistory and Semiotics of the City 4, no. 1 (2024): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/urbis-2024-4(1)-64-77.

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The expert interview is devoted to the analysis of the cultural code of Veliky Novgorod and to the architectural techniques, which represent it in the urban environment. The expert considers the general concept of cultural code and examines the modern situation of Veliky Novgorod, where only a small part of authentic objects has been preserved, as most of the structures were destroyed during the Great Patriotic War. Also, the expert evaluates various city objects and projects in terms of combination of Novgorod architectural motifs and modern solutions in them, and emphasizes that the design code, which has been introduced in Veliky Novgorod since 2024, is very poorly connected with the cultural identity of the city. The key thesis of the interview is that all urban objects that are located outside the historic part of the city (outside the berm boundaries) should be resolved in a modern architectural language. In addition, the creation of new projects in contrast with the existing urban environment is described as one of the possible and productive strategies for working in the historical area of the city. In this way, contemporary architects and urban planners can make their original, authorial contribution to the historical city and leave their mark on the urban texture.
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Halin, Alexey A., Anna V. Kiseleva, Elena V. Kainova, and Elvira R. Sukhova. "TRANSFORMATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN 1991–1994 (based on the materials of Nizhny Novgorod)." Historical Search 3, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2022-3-3-44-55.

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The relevance of the article is to highlight previously unexplored process showing evolvement of local self-government bodies in modern Russia when a new system of public relations was created before the adoption of the country’s Constitution in 1993. The claim that creation of the municipal government system began on the basis of the new Constitution is not substantiated by historical research. The presented article is intended to fill this gap. The material was prepared based on the study of scientific literature and archival materials. The basis of the research is made by documents from the archives of the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Central Archive of Nizhny Novgorod region. At this, the concrete-historical method, methods of using external and internal criticism of documents, comparative analysis were used. The article reveals the process of local self-government transformation in Nizhny Novgorod in 1991–1994. The attempts to reform local self-government were initiated as early as within the framework of the Soviet political system. However, drastic changes occurred here only after the August Putsch failure and the beginning of the leading communist party officials’ dismantling. Changes in the system of local self-government bodies began with the executive branch. On December 24, 1991 By the Decree of the President B.E. Yeltsin the post of head of the Administration of the city of N. Novgorod was taken up by D.I. Bednyakov. This appointment was perceived by the deputies of Nizhny Novgorod City Council of People’s Deputies as an undemocratic step of the new “democratic” government. From that moment, the powers of the city executive committee of the local Council of People’s Deputies were terminated. Nizhny Novgorod City Council of People’s Deputies functioned until the fall of 1993. After the October events in Moscow, a radical restructuring of the entire system of local self – government began on the basis of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 26 , 1993 “On the Basics of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation for the Period of Step-By-Step Constitutional Reform.” In pursuance of this decree, an act was issued by the Head of the Administration dated 29.10.1993, according to which it was prescribed: “to cease the activities of Nizhny Novgorod City Council of People’s Deputies beginning from October 29, 1993.” Preparations began for the election of a new representative body of city self–government – the City Duma of Nizhny Novgorod. Following the results of the elections held on March 27, 1994, the staff of the first convocation of the City Duma was formed. The article argumentatively shows that formation of new local self-government bodies began on the basis of decrees issued by the President of the Russian Federation and resolutions of local authorities even earlier than adoption of the Constitution of 1993. This conclusion has important practical and theoretical significance for understanding the political history of modern Russia.
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Gyóni, Gábor. "Р. Г. Скрынников и Великий Новгород." Canadian–American Slavic Studies 47, no. 4 (2013): 386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04704003.

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Novgorod the Great occupies an important place in Russian history and historiography. The so-called democratic structure of Novgorod had been idealized by Russian writers, but the fact that Novgorod was captured by Moscow was simultaneously considered to be a progressive development. R. G. Skrynnikov studied the history of Novgorod at the beginning of his career. He believed that pomest’e estates arose in the Novgorod region as a result of Moscow’s agression. As for Ivan IV’s terror against the city, Skrynnikov thought it was primarily a campaign against the democratic traditions of Novgorodian people. Skrynnikov was a representative of the Saint-Petersburg school of history characterized by anthropocentrism, esteem for sources, and historiography without political ideology.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Novgorod (City)"

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Voronina, Anna. "Nijni Novgorod : interroger le paradigme de la "ville-nature" à l'ère postindustrielle." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH013/document.

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Les recherches sur la ville de Nijni Novgorod suscitent des interrogations au sujet de la «ville-nature». Les spécificités de ce territoire, situé dans un autre contexte culturel, nous incitent à contester la généralisation d'un paradigme, celui de la «ville-nature». Il s'agit de revisiter la ville russe contemporaine par la complexité des interactions entre la construction urbaine, conçue par l'homme, et les processus naturels. Par le biais de la «ville-nature» nous repensons la ville et ses changements de conception : le passage d'une ville russe ancienne à la grande ville et à la ville socialiste. L'étude historique était essentielle pour comprendre le phénomène d'urbanisation et les origines des «natures» dans le milieu urbain, dont l'hétérogénéité résulte d'une séquence de bouleversements économiques et politiques. Nijni Novgorod ‒ centre d'agglomération industrielle, pendant la période soviétique Gorki — est fortement marquée par l'industrie. La postsoviétisation et la désindustrialisation ont engendré une recomposition urbaine, en rendant la structure urbaine illisible. Nijni Novgorod s'inscrit dans le territoire par des réseaux multiples dont la reconnaissance et la distinction, réalisées par une lecture stratifiée, à l'aide de la cartographie, mettent en évidence l'émergence du «vert» et participe à la qualification des espaces ouverts. «Sortir du vert» suppose de revisiter le rapport entre l'écologie et l'économie, ainsi que de reconsidérer la présence de la nature dans le milieu urbain par des activités économiques, des enjeux politiques et l'usage des processus naturels par l'homme. La thèse est structurée en entrées thématiques afin de présenter la diversité des rapports que la Nijni Novgorod contemporaine entretient avec la nature. Tout d'abord, sa position à la confluence de la Volga et l'Oka a prédéterminé sa viabilité économique et en même temps a posé le problème de la complexité des conditions naturelles, l'hydrographie et la topographie notamment. En dépit de la réalisation de travaux d'aménagements pendant le XXe siècle, les sols urbains restent difficilement praticables et vulnérables aux processus naturels. Dans la recherche, les espaces ouverts et végétalisés, considérés jusqu'à maintenant non constructibles, sont revisités comme appartenant à l'infrastructure paysagère. Des principes nouveaux d'aménagement sont recherchés pour réorganiser les processus naturels afin d'améliorer la qualité des sols urbains ; le travail du paysagiste s'accorde avec celui de l'ingénieur. Ensuite, la planification stratégique des années 1930 a prédéfini la structure éparpillée de Nijni Novgorod, pensée pour les industries. L'incohérence urbaine résulte des contradictions apparues entre la conception de la ville socialiste unie et la décentralisation uniforme des industries. Les espaces verts conservent l'empreinte des changements sociaux brutaux, de l'inaction politique et des pratiques d'aménagement urbain par les propres moyens des habitants. Le déclin de l'URSS a entraîné l'abandon des grands parcs publics, dont les qualités se rapprochent de celles des terrains réservés pour les espaces verts qui ne furent jamais aménagés. Cependant, la pauvreté des parcs urbains est compensée par la richesse des formes d'agriculture urbaine et périurbaine. Le tissu bâti est composé d'une morphologie dite intermédiaire, incluant des parcelles pour des activités agricoles. Enfin, les processus actuels sont considérés à travers des pratiques d'aménagement qui accompagnent la régénération postindustrielle et l'installation des nouvelles activités. À Nijni Novgorod, la transition postsoviétique accorde de nouvelles données pour le projet urbain, or ce passage se complique par l'ancrage des dogmes soviétiques dans la pensée actuelle. La recherche est réalisée à la rencontre des regards : architectural, territorial et paysager, par le croisement de méthodes différentes : l'histoire, la cartographie, le travail d'enquête sur le terrain
The researches on the city of Nizhny Novgorod raise questions concerning “city-nature”. The specificities of this territory, situated in another cultural context, incite to contest the generalization of one paradigm, that of “city-nature”. This means to revisit the contemporary Russian city through the complexity of the interactions between the urban construction, which is conceived by human, and the natural processes. Through the “city-nature” we are questioning the “city” and the changes in its conception: the passage from the Russian town to the growing city and to the socialist city. The historic study was essential towards the understanding of the phenomenon of urbanization and the origins of the "natures", presented in the urban area. Its heterogeneousness results from a sequence of the economic and political upheavals. Nizhny Novgorod, during the Soviet period Gorky, is the centre of an industrial conglomeration; it is strongly marked by the industry. The postsoviétisation and the deindustrialization engendered the spatial reorganization and made the urban structure illegible. Nizhny Novgorod fit in the territory by multiple networks. Their recognition and distinction, realized by stratified reading through the cartographic analysis, puts in evidence the emergence of the "green" and participle in the qualification of the opened spaces. "Go out of the green" supposes to revisit the report between the ecology and the economy, as well as to reconsider the presence of the nature in the urban area by economic activities, the political aims and the usage of the natural processes by human. The thesis is structured by the thematic entrances in order to present the diversity of reports which contemporary Nijni Novgorod maintains with the nature. First of all, its position in the confluence of the Volga and Oka predetermined the economic viability and at the same time raised the problem of the complexity of the natural conditions, the hydrography and the topography particularly. In spite of improving the urban environment during the XXth century, the urban grounds remain practicable with difficulties and vulnerable in the natural processes. In the researches, the open and vegetated spaces, considered so far as not for construction, are revisited as belonging to the landscaped infrastructure. New principles of urban design are looked for to reorganize the natural processes in order to improve the quality of the urban grounds; the landscape design requires the engineering skills. Then, the strategic planning of the 1930s has predefined the disperse framework by Nijni Novgorod, conceived for the industries. The reason of urban incoherence due to the contradictions appeared between the conception of the united socialist city and the regular decentralization of the industries across the country. The urban green spaces conserve the imprint of the social upheavals, the political inactivity and the practices of urban design by the inhabitants with their own means. The decline of the USSR entailed the desolation of the city parks, whose qualities nowadays get closer to those of the spaces reserved for the new parks which were never realized. However, the poverty of the urban green spaces is compensated with the diversity of the forms of urban and suburban agriculture. The urban morphology consists of intermediate types, which include household plots, particularly for the gardens. Finally, the current processes are studied through the strategies of spatial organization, which will accompany the post-industrial regeneration and installation of the new activities. The post-sovietization brings to Nizhny Novgorod the new conditions for the urban project, but this passage is complicated by the anchoring of the Soviet doctrines in the urban conception. This research is realized on the intersection of the architectural territorial and landscaped regards and by the crossing of different methods: the history, the cartography and the opinion poll
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2

Zapletalová, Oxana. "Středověký Novgorod jako sociální systém." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-341292.

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Conclusion Novgorod is one of the most archeologically excavated medieval cities in the world. Archaeological research has shown that the highest power was concentrated in the hands of few boyars families, which was controlled all city. This families had the clan organisation which was based on the patronimic princip. They lived in the large properties where was concentrated their household and production areas. In these properties also lived inhabitants of non-boyar originality, who was worked there and was in client relationships with boyar families. This paper is about social bindings between citizens, their power assignment and equity ratios, also kinds of families which existed in the city and which social prospects had members of social strates.
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Books on the topic "Novgorod (City)"

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Orlov, Aleksandr. Novgorod Velikiĭ: Fotoalʹbom = Novgorod the Great : glimpses of the city. [Novgorod?]: Tip. Novgorod, 1999.

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Mark, Brisbane, and Gaimster David R. M, eds. Novgorod: The archaeology of a Russian medieval city and its hinterland. London: The British Museum, 2001.

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Kalinin, V. A. (Vladimir Aleksandrovich) and Subbotin A. V, eds. Kremli Rossii XV-XVII vekov: Moskva, Velikiĭ Novgorod, Pskov, Tula ... Sankt-Peterburg: Litera, 2006.

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Laila, Nordquist, ed. Accounts of an occupied city: Catalogue of the Novgorod occupation archives, 1611-1617. [Stockholm: Riksarkivet, 2005.

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Arkhitektor, gorod, vremi︠a︡: Materialy 7-ĭ mezhdunarodnoĭ nauchno-prakticheskoĭ konferent︠s︡ii, 17-19 apreli︠a︡ 2005 g., Velikiĭ Novgorod--Sankt-Peterburg. Sankt-Peterburg: Stroĭizdat, 2005.

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1926-, Snyder Henry A., ed. Eisberg family: A brief history and genealogical listing of the Eisberg family in Kansas City, Missouri, including some of their Agronsky relatives, and their origins in Novgorod-Severskiy, Ukraine. Danville, Calif: Pradbin Publishers, 2004.

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I︠a︡nin, Valentin Lavrentʹevich. Plany Novgoroda Velikogo XVII-XVIII vekov. Moskva: Nauka, 1999.

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I︠A︡nin, V. L. Plany Novgoroda Velikogo: XVII-XVIII vekov. Moskva: "Nauka", 1999.

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Agency, Business Information. Leading Companies in Nizhniy Novgorod City, Russia. Business Information Agency, 2006.

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Sacred Arts And City Life: The Glory of Medieval Novgorod. Walters Art Gallery, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Novgorod (City)"

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Laska, Tatyana V., Irina V. Tcymbal, Yulia A. Petrova, and Sergey V. Golubkov. "Reconstruction of Monumental Painting of the Church on Nereditsa Hill in the City Novgorod the Great: Methodology of Painting and Virtual Reconstruction Combination." In Progress in Cultural Heritage Preservation, 513–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34234-9_53.

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"3 From Ivory Tower to City Street: Building a New Nizhnii Novgorod, 1928–1935." In Stalinist City Planning, 64–87. University of Toronto Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442662407-008.

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Evtuhov, Catherine. "Nizhnii Novgorod in the nineteenth century: portrait of a city." In The Cambridge History of Russia, 264–83. Cambridge University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521815291.015.

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Ustinkin, Sergei V., Natalia M. Morozova, and Pavel I. Kukonkov. "Infrastructural constraints of the social development of small towns (on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region)." In Sociocultural potential of small towns of Russia: collection of articles, 98–113. Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/sbornik.978-5-89697-401-7.2022.7.

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The article discusses the key problems of the social infrastructure of small towns in the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is noted that a natural consequence of the processes taking place in recent years in small towns of the Nizhny Novgorod region is the preservation of social infrastructure, in which stagnant phenomena persist and often increase. According to the authors, the presence of significant imbalances in the degrading social infrastructure of small towns affects, first of all, the health and education infrastructures that are critically important for small towns. The authors of the article substantiate the conclusion that an important condition for the preservation and development of small towns can be a purposeful process of minimizing and in the future eliminating negative trends characteristic of both a large city and a rural settlement.
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Kaliganov, Igor I. "The Ostromir Gospel: the oldest dated handwritten book of the Eastern Slavs." In Materials for the virtual Museum of Slavic Cultures. Issue II, 122–26. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0440-4.20.

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The article talks about the oldest East Slavic dated manuscript: the Ostromir Gospel 1056–57. It takes its name from the Novgorod mayor Ostromir, a trusted associate of the Kievan Prince, who appointed him to manage the city. It is most likely that Ostromir presented this splendid gospel at the newly built cathedral of St. Sophia, the main church of northwest Rus’. This precious manuscript had a colourful fate: in addition to Novgorod, it was at various times kept in Moscow and St. Petersburg, in possession of Russian emperors and empresses until it was transferred in the early 19th century to library storage and is now located in the Russian National Library of St. Petersburg. The Ostromir Gospel serves as an excellent model for studying the written literary language of Old Rus’, Slavo-Russian paleography and the art of illuminated manuscripts, in particular their initials, borders and miniatures. The distant protograph of Ostromir Gospel may have been one of the Bulgarian manuscripts from Great Preslav, the capital of Bulgaria at the end of the 9th — 10th centuries.
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Harrison, Lawrence E. "Culture in Action I." In The Central Liberal Truth, 120–41. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195300413.003.0006.

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Abstract To Develop A Better Understanding of the complicated cause and effect interplay of cultural and other factors in the evolution of societies and the factors that bring about cultural change, we commissioned 27 case studies, most of them of countries but also of a region (Eastern Europe), a province (Quebec), a city (Novgorod, Russia), a Yoruba town in Nigeria, and an ethno-racial minority (African Americans). The essays summarized in this chapter appear in a companion book Developing Cultures: Case Studies, published by Routledge.
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Borisevich, D. A. "«Before You There Stands a Monument to a Peer, a Favourite Hero»: Participation of Soviet Youth in Installation of Monuments to Those Who Died During the Great Patriotic War Based on the Example of the Novgorod Region)." In Rules of the game on a voluntary basis: Authorities and voluntary grassroots organizations in the USSR, 1960s–1990s, 106–18. Perm State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/978-5-7944-4056-0-106-118.

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In the second half of the 1950s there was a gradual increase in the number of new forms of military-patriotic education such as games «Zarnitsa», «Orlenok (Eaglet)», lessons of courage, meetings with veterans of the revolution and wars, the Red Pathfi nders movement, campaigns to places of military glory. One of the types of youth activism in this period is the installation of monuments, memorial plaques to those who died during the Great Patriotic War. On the basis of the documents stored in the State Archive of Modern History of the Novgorod region, the volunteer initiative of pioneers and Komsomol members, aimed at installing monuments to the participants of the Great Patriotic War, is analyzed. The following questions are considered: for what purpose was this form of activism popularized? How did the youth interact with the Soviet authorities? How was such initiative encouraged? Why did young people participate in this volunteer movement? It may be assumed that the installation of new monuments and memorial plaques contributed to the formation of local patriotism among Novgorod youth. The way the local youth chose the participants of the Great Patriotic War, whose names were to be immortalized, somehow refl ects local specifi city and uniqueness among other regions of the RSFSR.
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Brown, David. "Childhood and Early Years." In Musorgsky, 1–7. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198165873.003.0001.

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Abstract T Has Been Observed That For A Russian To Claim Ryurik as his ancestor is akin to an Englishman boasting descent from William the Conqueror. In 862—so the twelfth-century Russian Chronicle records—the inhabitants of Novgorod, being weary of political turmoil, invited this Varangian prince to restore stable government. And so Ryurik took charge of the city and region, establishing a dynasty that quickly spread its domain south past Moscow to Kiev and the Black Sea. For some seven centuries it controlled much of what we still think of as Russia until, with the death in 1598 of Fyodor, the feeble-witted son of Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible), the dynasty itself expired.
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Fitzpatrick, Sheila. "Exodus." In Stalin’s Peasants, 80–102. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195069822.003.0004.

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Abstract For millions of peasants, the experience of collectivization was associated with departure from the village rather than entry into the kolkhoz. For every thirty peasants who became kolkhozniks in the years 1929-32, ten peasants gave up peasant agriculture and became wage earners. For some, this meant going to work on state farms, but for the majority it meant leaving the countryside. The rate of rural-urban migration reached unprecedented heights at the beginning of the 1930s. More than two and a half million peasants moved from village to town in 1930, compared with about a million a year in the late 1920s. Four million moved in 1931. All twenty of the Soviet Union’s largest cities grew rapidly in this period; and six of them-the rap-idly expanding industrial cities of Sverdlovsk and Perm in the Urals, Stalin-grad and Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) on the Volga, Stalino (luzovka) in the Donbass, and Novosibirsk in Siberia-doubled or triped their population in the years 1929-32. The population of Moscow-the Soviet Union’s capital and largest city-almost doubled, jumping from 2 million to 3.7 million (a 181 percent increase). The next largest cities of the empire, Leningrad, Baku, and Kharkov, grew almost as dramatically in size.1
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Link, Stefan J. "The Soviet Auto Giant." In Forging Global Fordism, 90–130. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691177540.003.0004.

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This chapter examines how the Soviet Union strove to acquire American mass production technology in order to create their own version of Fordism in the 1930s. It traces the origin and operation of one of the prestigious objects of the First Five-Year Plan: the automobile factory at Nizhnii Novgorod. After 1933, when the city changed names in honor of its scion Maxim Gorky, the Soviet River Rouge went by the official name of Gaz (Gor'kovskii Avtomobil'nyi Zavod); but to the Soviet press, it was known simply as the “Auto Giant.” The chapter then follows four men who helped the Auto Giant awaken and rise. Economist Nikolai Osinskii pushed through an ambitious agenda for Soviet motorization that culminated in the foreign technical assistance contract with the Ford Motor Company of May 1929. In fulfillment of this agreement, Stepan Dybets traveled to Detroit and led a group of Soviet engineers who were in charge of transferring Ford technology and know-how from the Midwest to central Russia during the years of the First Five-Year Plan. Meanwhile, as director of Gaz between 1932 and 1938, Sergei D'iakonov oversaw the uneven and troubled implementation of Fordism during the Second Five-Year Plan. Finally, Ivan Loskutov ascended to the helm of Gaz after Stalin's purges, and presided over the factory's redoubled embrace of Fordism in the late 1930s and World War II.
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Conference papers on the topic "Novgorod (City)"

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Батшев, Максим, and Светлана Трифонова. "Любек и Россия: семь веков взаимоотношений." In Россия — Германия в образовательном, научном и культурном диалоге. Конкорд, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/de2021/005.

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The history of relations between Lubeck and Russia goes back to the Middle Ages. At that time, the main partner of Lubeck was Novgorod. After Novgorod became part of the Moscow state, the city tried to build relations with the tsars. In the XVIII–XIX centuries, the city became an important partner in the difficult Russian-German relations of that period.
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Barinova, Valeria, Artyom Fomenkov, Tatyana Zorina, and Victor Smirnov. "SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF DIGITALIZATION OF MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM NIZHNY NOVGOROD)." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY. Digital Transformation State and Municipal Administration. Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2021.01.

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The article deals with issues related to the digitalization of municipal ad-ministration in Nizhny Novgorod. Achievements and problems in the provision of municipal services in digital form are identified. The importance of using digital technologies in the framework of initiative budgeting is indicated. New opportunities for the use of digital technologies in the political sphere at the municipal level are identified.
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Швецова, А. А. "VESSELS FROM A SINGLE BURIAL OF FATIANOVO-BALANOVO CULTURAL COMMUNITY WITHIN CITY LIMITS OF NIZHNIY NOVGOROD." In Вестник "История керамики". Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-316-9.112-125.

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В статье представлены результаты морфологического и технико-технологического изучения трех керамических сосудов, происходящих из одиночного погребения фатьяновско-балановской культурной общности, выявленного на территории средневекового селища Кузнечиха‑3. Анализ сосудов проводился в рамках историко-культурного подхода к изучению древней керамики. В результате удалось определить культурную принадлежность погребения и получить сведения о гончарных традициях населения, захоронившего в нем своего сородича. The article deals with the results of morphological and technical-technological study of three vessels from a single burial found on the territory of medieval settlement Kuznechikha‑3. The analysis of vessels was conducted through historical and cultural approach to ancient ceramics. As a result we managed to refer the deceased to the Fatyanovo-Balanovo cultural community and get new data on pottery traditions of the population whose representative was found in the burial.
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Pakhomova, Elizaveta, Olga Rybkina, and Elman Rzaev. "FROM APPOINTMENT TO A "TWO-HEAD" SYSTEM THROUGH ELECTIONS: EVOLUTION OF THE MAYORAL INSTITUTION IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD IN THE 1990S-2000S." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY. Digital Transformation State and Municipal Administration. Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2021.30.

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The article deals with issues related to the appointment and election of mayors of the city in the first two post-Soviet decades. Conclusions are drawn, according to which the effectiveness of the work of mayors and popularity among the population did not depend on how a citizen became the head of the city. It is determined that there are almost always opportunities for effective work as the head of the municipality, but it is also necessary to have a number of other factors, including, of course, the activity of citizens and the deputy corps, exerting pressure on the head of the city. Any order of election/appointment of the mayor has the right to exist.
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Muromkina, I. I. "Marketing research of consumer behavior of the takeaway market segment catering of the city of Nizhny Novgorod." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: TARGETS AND GOALS. "Science of Russia", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-12-2019-33.

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Akasheva, A. "Land rent as a factor in the modernization of the post-reform city. On the example of Nizhny Novgorod 1860–1910s." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1783.978-5-317-06529-4/13-21.

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The problem of studying prices, areas, the number of tenants, and the duration of land lease for the production of building materials – red bricks and sawn wood in Nizhny Novgorod over a long period of time is posed. The original time series in current prices were deflated. A primary analysis of the dynamics was carried out. Three stages of development of land lease processes are identified. The conclusion is made about low rates of urban modernization. The study is accompanied by online spreadsheets containing the source data, calculations and graphs.
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Akasheva, A. "Land rent as a factor in the modernization of the post-reform city. On the example of Nizhny Novgorod 1860–1910s." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1783.978-5-317-06529-4/13-21.

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The problem of studying prices, areas, the number of tenants, and the duration of land lease for the production of building materials – red bricks and sawn wood in Nizhny Novgorod over a long period of time is posed. The original time series in current prices were deflated. A primary analysis of the dynamics was carried out. Three stages of development of land lease processes are identified. The conclusion is made about low rates of urban modernization. The study is accompanied by online spreadsheets containing the source data, calculations and graphs.
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Kukina, Irina. "Dialectic contradictions of global and local within the city transformations. (Case study of Russian cities)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6062.

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The results of morphological analyses of the urban structures more and more attract attention with the aim of understanding the processes and laws of transformation of the city fabric. Comparison of the case studies representing different regional cultures gives reasons to presume the presence of global trends as well as local features. Their dialectical contradictions lead to a unique urban form very often. Thus, recent global conversion caused very similar urban problems as well as methods for their solution characteristic to the whole world. Popularization rate of the past is comparable to the speed of propagation of a certain fashion lifestyle. As the result - reversal of thinking to find local uniqueness of each settlement and this tendency again step by step became global. From other side universal morphological conceptual apparatus built on factual analysis allows to trace the objective process of urban transformation and to give some forecasts concerning changes in their structure. Assumptions must be considered with the adjustment for the modern scale. Never the less contemporary cities - Krasnoyarsk, Nizhnyi Novgorod, Irkutsk demonstrate building and fabric adaptation, redevelopment, additive processes, contrast with transformative processes, agricultural residual (areas of town dachas in Russian urban tradition), augmentative redevelopment, different scales of changes of use, loft-cycle (second, re- use) development, street markets concretion, other, characteristic not only for the historic heritage areas but for the modern city as well. Russian cities in our days demonstrate urban-rural fringe development - somewhat even similar to “cocktail-belts” but with the local eclectic Siberian architecture.
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Ermolaeva, A. D., M. E. Eliseev, and Tatyana Nikolaevna Tomchinskaya. "VR-simulator for Driver Training in an Urban Environment with Difficult Terrain and Meteorological Conditions." In 33rd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2023-923-932.

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The development of a hardware-software-information complex of a VR simulator for training drivers in the environment of a large city with difficult terrain and weather conditions has been studied using the example of Nizhny Novgorod. A three-dimensional model of the Oka exit to one of the city's bridges has been built. Based on the geometry of the model and accident statistics, the most dangerous sections of the road with small turning radii and a large elevation difference were identified. Based on the geometry of the model and accident statistics, the most dangerous sections of the road with small turning radii and a large elevation difference were identified. To develop automatic reaction in difficult conditions, the simulator used the following components: driving through difficult sections of the city, testing knowledge of traffic rules, demonstrating traffic accidents in case of violation of the rules and demonstrating how to act correctly. The simulator is planned to be used both for training novice and experienced drivers in a "live" environment of a real city, and for studying road conditions and alerting drivers in a dynamic mode about the traffic situation, the recommended safe speed in poor visibility conditions (fog, night) and under variable weather conditions (rain, snow, ice). that is, as a recommender system.
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Roumyeh, Mohamad Louay, and Vladimir Lvovich Badenko. "Integrating BIM and GIS to Move Towards CIM." In IV Международная научно-практическая конференция «BIM-моделирование в задачах строительства и архитектуры». СПбГАСУ, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/bimac.2021.002.

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The building and construction industry has witnessed many developments over the past few years. The most important of these developments is the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM technologies have contributed to the development of this industry significantly. So far, they have been used at the level of individual buildings and projects. Nowadays, the continuous need for development is forcing the transition to BIM on a wider level to include cities, through integration with other systems, mainly Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The integration between BIM and GIS will contribute to obtaining digital models for cities, or so-called City Information Modeling (CIM). CIM will contribute significantly to supporting the decision-making process, in addition to developing urban planning processes for cities. Furthermore, the CIM models will form the base for creating digital twins in order to conduct smart cities projects. In this research paper, we will explain how to take advantage of the overlap and integration between BIM and GIS in order to create a CIM model for a small region, as exemplified by Nizhny Novgorod in the Russian Federation. The area studied includes four main properties (a school, a garage, and two residential properties).
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