Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Novelty of Design'
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1
Caverly, Brian. "PERPETUAL NOVELTY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1237.
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Within this thesis is a mapping out of the processes, concepts, and influences, behind the sculptural practice of Brian Caverly. From Complex Adaptive Systems to the world of order of Michel Foucault to the reexamination of the Modernist movement by Yve Alain Bois and Rosalind Krauss, a rhizomatic path of connections and lines form and cross over, weaving together into a swarming mayhem of over population. Out of this chaos and order grow complex installations and constructions that are inherently bound by the system of their making, yet attempt at every turn to escape conformity.
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Roller, Michael T. "Refining Design Prediction Through the Principles of Typicality and Novelty." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397467011.
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Elibol, Gulcin Cankiz. "Assessment Of Novelty And Distinctive Character In Industrial Design Protection In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613426/index.pdf.
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Novelty and distinctive character are the conditions of protection for a registered design in Turkey. This study investigates the ways in which novelty and distinctive character are interpreted and assessed by the parties actively involved in the assessment process &ndashjudges, court experts, the Turkish Patent Institute experts, attorneys and design agents. The face-to-face interviews conducted with 51 participants from the parties involved indicate that the assessment of distinctive character presents more challenges than the assessment of novelty. Not being exactly the same with a previous design is the main consideration in the assessment of novelty. The assessment of distinctive character is primarily identified with the comparison of designs&rsquo
overall impressions whereas designer&rsquo
s degree of freedom remains as the least mentioned consideration. The study suggests that being subject to protection of designs not fulfilling the conditions of protection coupled with the uncertainties in the assessment of novelty and distinctive character, which may have a negative impact on the public trust in the design registration system. The study concludes with a set of suggestions for developing an assessment guide for the design registration system in Turkey.
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Löfqvist, Lars. "Innovation and Design Processes in Small Established Companies." Licentiate thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för industriell ekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6156.
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This thesis examines innovation and design processes in small established companies. There is a great interest in this area yet paradoxically the area is under-researched, since most innovation research is done on large companies. The research questions are: How do small established companies carry out their innovation and design processes? and How does the context and novelty of the process and product affect the same processes?
The thesis is built on three research papers that used the research method of multiple case studies of different small established companies. The innovation and design processes found were highly context dependent and were facilitated by committed resources, a creative climate, vision, low family involvement, delegated power and authority, and linkages to external actors such as customers and users. Both experimental cyclical and linear structured design processes were found. The choice of structure is explained by the relative product and process novelty experienced by those developing the product innovation. Linear design processes worked within a low relative novelty situation and cyclical design processes worked no matter the relative novelty. The innovation and design processes found were informal, with a low usage of formal systematic design methods, except in the case of design processes for software. The use of formal systematic methods in small companies seems not always to be efficient, because many of the problems the methods are designed to solve are not present. Customers and users were found to play a large and important role in the innovation and design processes found and gave continuous feedback during the design processes. Innovation processes were found to be intertwined, yielding synergy effects, but it was common that resources were taken from the innovation processes for acute problems that threatened the cash flow. In sum, small established companies have the natural prerequisites to take advantage of lead-user inventions and cyclical design processes. Scarce resources were found to be the main factor hindering innovation, but the examined companies practiced several approaches to increase their resources or use existing scarce resources more efficiently in their innovation and design processes. Examples of these approaches include adopting lead-user inventions and reducing formality in the innovation and design processes.
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Zarewych, Lara Daniv 1972. "Managing novelty at the interfaces between concept and product : case studies for the automotive industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34812.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-88).
Appearance of the product is a discerning factor for the consumers purchase decisions. Time from concept to product creation is a critical factor in the competitive automotive industry. The period to develop a product is dependant on the people, content and the technology changes that constitute a large majority of expense allocation, and time invested. The greater the degree of change from something established and successful, the more difficult it becomes to incorporate the change into a product. Being successive in the automotive industry relies on the ability to maintain market presence with new and innovative products, while shortening the cycle time associated with new product design, development, and its introduction. Increasing capability to manage changes becomes more challenging as product complexity and customer demands increase and product life cycles decrease. How automotive manufacturers manage these changes during the critical product definition phase through process, tools and methods is the central discussion of this paper. The intent of this thesis is to identify the processes and key enablers that allow a rapid development process for appearance related systems, in particular the interior environment of the vehicle. Five cases that effect the interior trim environment will be reviewed to understand the methods, which allow the migration of novelty. Situations that will be studied will be introductions to aspects of: new technology, strategies, and the impact of late additions. To compare and contrast the degree of change occurring in these cases, a framework is essential to identify novelty. The ability and skills which an organization can perform changes is defined as organizational capability. This term
(cont.) describes how people within the organization manage to perform work. Specific case studies will be analyzed--reviewing the novelty introduced to the program, the organizational capability utilized, and the artifacts and processes employed to develop a final product within the division of the Sport Utility Vehicle Body on Frame, of Ford Motor Company, and contrasting comparisons to similar areas within Nissan Corporation, and Toyota Motor Corporation. Through these cases different types of novelty are revealed and its impact upon the interior trim system. It is argued that allotting more time in the preparation and early planning stages will reconcile problems that may arise later on. The approaches that these departments use: formal, informal meetings, conference calls, and written communication to manage novelty will be reviewed and compared in order to provide recommendations for improvement.
by Lara Daniv Zarewych.
S.M.
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Lagerkvist, Love. "Neural Novelty — How Machine Learning Does Interactive Generative Literature." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21222.
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Every day, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) embeds itself further into domestic and industrial technologies. Interaction de- signers have historically struggled to engage directly with the subject, facing a shortage of appropriate methods and abstractions. There is a need to find ways though which interaction design practitioners might integrate ML into their work, in order to democratize and diversify the field. This thesis proposes a mode of inquiry that considers the inter- active qualities of what machine learning does, as opposed the tech- nical specifications of what machine learning is. A shift in focus from the technicality of ML to the artifacts it creates allows the interaction designer to situate its existing skill set, affording it to engage with ma- chine learning as a design material. A Research-through-Design pro- cess explores different methodological adaptions, evaluated through user feedback and an-in depth case analysis. An elaborated design experiment, Multiverse, examines the novel, non-anthropomorphic aesthetic qualities of generative literature. It prototypes interactions with bidirectional literature and studies how these transform the reader into a cybertextual “user-reader”. The thesis ends with a discussion on the implications of machine written literature and proposes a number of future investigations into the research space unfolded through the prototype.
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Gilbert, Steven M. (Steven Michael) 1975. "On infrastructure for resolving novelty in product development : a view from the fast paced world of imaging and printing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34807.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
Change is an absolutely essential component of product development. However, some changes are too difficult to manage. It is contended that the difficult changes stem from the emergence of novelty. The significance of novelty is that it is not immediately apparent and can be overlooked. It is a common element in disruptive technology, knowledge management, and firefighting research. This work examines the effects of emergent novelty in a complex product development system. In order to do this a framework is developed to categorize potential types of novelty that are encountered. In addition, a unique perspective on the concept of organizational capability is introduced. What makes it unique is the idea that organizational capability is composed of the capacity to do work and the ability of actors to use that capacity. "Organizational infrastructure" is used to speak more concretely about organizational capability. These conceptual models are used to analyze the events of three case studies developed from actual projects in the Imaging & Printing division of Hewlett-Packard. Through the case analysis it is shown there is significant pressures to approach development as if all novelty is understood. However, by doing so almost guarantees problems late in development if latent novelty exists. It is speculated that the addition of excess capacity to the organizational infrastructure will allow for greater novelty detection. This in turn should decrease the complications from resolving issues related to the emergence of novelty.
by Steven M. Gilbert.
S.M.
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Lakew, Nathan. "Being-human in the world of digital artifacts: holistic rethinking of design practices." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-29323.
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This thesis conducts a philosophical, theoretical, and practical exploration of digital technology design to examine how digital technologies can fulfill our two-facet of existentiality – identified in the thesis as belonginess and novelty. By belonginess, I identify human’s innate need for a feeling of connectedness and harmony with the self, others, and the natural world. The word novelty implies the human interest in exploration, invention, and desire for new experiences. This research suggests that contemporary digital technologies are largely novelty need-oriented, while our belonginess need is either ignored or its growth curtailed. The research question presented in this thesis is how and why can design enable digital technologies to mediate aligned existentiality? With this broad question, I will argue that an alignment between digital technologies and our two-facet of existentiality can be met through refocused design practices. Strong arguments have been forwarded that novelty focused digital technologies can reduce our existential needs of belonginess. Digital technologies are leading consumerist commodities associated with creating unrelenting demand for new experiences. The search for constant stimulation and novelty has resulted in a fragmented and alienated state of being-human where the only way of feeling a sense of belonging comes from consuming more novel experiences. As contemporary everyday life is increasingly intertwined with digital technologies, their effect on our way of being-human becomes even more notable. Against this background, the research attempts to ‘bring back’ our needs of belonginess to an equal footing with novelty in digital technologies. I have examined the current digital technology design’s philosophical, theoretical, and practical foundations to refocus design, from its too strong focus on developing novelty experiences to mediating aligned existentiality. With the aim of refocusing the design role, a theoretical framework based on holism has emerged that could provide design a background to focus on mediating aligned existentiality. Primarily ivinformed by three thinkers – Marin Heidegger, Karl Marx, and John Dewey – the proposed holistic theoretical framework aims to provide design with a basis to (1) embed belonginess values in digital technologies (2) redirect digital technologies from alienating values such as consumerism, and (3) provide a mediating materiality for digital technologies to advance aligned existentiality while in use. The thesis further illustrates the proposed holistic dimensions – philosophy, theory, and practice – using three empirical materials. I argue that the proposed holistic foundation for design is also aligned with how digital technologies are being used in the everyday lifeworld. Consequently, by freeing design from its traditional responsibility of making technically savvy and novel artifacts and refocusing its role to mediating aligned existentiality, design can itself be used to support our being-human in the world of digital artifacts.Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 8 accepterat, delarbete 9 under granskning.
At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 8 accepted, paper 9 under review.
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Cherti, Mehdi. "Deep generative neural networks for novelty generation : a foundational framework, metrics and experiments." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS029/document.
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Des avancées significatives sur les réseaux de neurones profonds ont récemment permis le développement de technologies importantes comme les voitures autonomes et les assistants personnels intelligents basés sur la commande vocale. La plupart des succès en apprentissage profond concernent la prédiction, alors que les percées initiales viennent des modèles génératifs. Actuellement, même s'il existe des outils puissants dans la littérature des modèles génératifs basés sur les réseaux profonds, ces techniques sont essentiellement utilisées pour la prédiction ou pour générer des objets connus (i.e., des images de haute qualité qui appartiennent à des classes connues) : un objet généré qui est à priori inconnu est considéré comme une erreur (Salimans et al., 2016) ou comme un objet fallacieux (Bengio et al., 2013b). En d'autres termes, quand la prédiction est considérée comme le seul objectif possible, la nouveauté est vue comme une erreur - que les chercheurs ont essayé d'éliminer au maximum. Cette thèse défends le point de vue que, plutôt que d'éliminer ces nouveautés, on devrait les étudier et étudier le potentiel génératif des réseaux neuronaux pour créer de la nouveauté utile - particulièrement sachant l'importance économique et sociétale de la création d'objets nouveaux dans les sociétés contemporaines. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier la génération de la nouveauté et sa relation avec les modèles de connaissance produits par les réseaux neurones profonds génératifs. Notre première contribution est la démonstration de l'importance des représentations et leur impact sur le type de nouveautés qui peuvent être générées : une conséquence clé est qu'un agent créatif a besoin de re-représenter les objets connus et utiliser cette représentation pour générer des objets nouveaux. Ensuite, on démontre que les fonctions objectives traditionnelles utilisées dans la théorie de l'apprentissage statistique, comme le maximum de vraisemblance, ne sont pas nécessairement les plus adaptées pour étudier la génération de nouveauté. On propose plusieurs alternatives à un niveau conceptuel. Un deuxième résultat clé est la confirmation que les modèles actuels - qui utilisent les fonctions objectives traditionnelles - peuvent en effet générer des objets inconnus. Cela montre que même si les fonctions objectives comme le maximum de vraisemblance s'efforcent à éliminer la nouveauté, les implémentations en pratique échouent à le faire. A travers une série d'expérimentations, on étudie le comportement de ces modèles ainsi que les objets qu'ils génèrent. En particulier, on propose une nouvelle tâche et des métriques pour la sélection de bons modèles génératifs pour la génération de la nouveauté. Finalement, la thèse conclue avec une série d'expérimentations qui clarifie les caractéristiques des modèles qui génèrent de la nouveauté. Les expériences montrent que la sparsité, le niveaux du niveau de corruption et la restriction de la capacité des modèles tuent la nouveauté et que les modèles qui arrivent à reconnaître des objets nouveaux arrivent généralement aussi à générer de la nouveautéIn recent years, significant advances made in deep neural networks enabled the creation of groundbreaking technologies such as self-driving cars and voice-enabled personal assistants. Almost all successes of deep neural networks are about prediction, whereas the initial breakthroughs came from generative models. Today, although we have very powerful deep generative modeling techniques, these techniques are essentially being used for prediction or for generating known objects (i.e., good quality images of known classes): any generated object that is a priori unknown is considered as a failure mode (Salimans et al., 2016) or as spurious (Bengio et al., 2013b). In other words, when prediction seems to be the only possible objective, novelty is seen as an error that researchers have been trying hard to eliminate. This thesis defends the point of view that, instead of trying to eliminate these novelties, we should study them and the generative potential of deep nets to create useful novelty, especially given the economic and societal importance of creating new objects in contemporary societies. The thesis sets out to study novelty generation in relationship with data-driven knowledge models produced by deep generative neural networks. Our first key contribution is the clarification of the importance of representations and their impact on the kind of novelties that can be generated: a key consequence is that a creative agent might need to rerepresent known objects to access various kinds of novelty. We then demonstrate that traditional objective functions of statistical learning theory, such as maximum likelihood, are not necessarily the best theoretical framework for studying novelty generation. We propose several other alternatives at the conceptual level. A second key result is the confirmation that current models, with traditional objective functions, can indeed generate unknown objects. This also shows that even though objectives like maximum likelihood are designed to eliminate novelty, practical implementations do generate novelty. Through a series of experiments, we study the behavior of these models and the novelty they generate. In particular, we propose a new task setup and metrics for selecting good generative models. Finally, the thesis concludes with a series of experiments clarifying the characteristics of models that can exhibit novelty. Experiments show that sparsity, noise level, and restricting the capacity of the net eliminates novelty and that models that are better at recognizing novelty are also good at generating novelty
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Field, Hannah C. "Toying with the book : children's literature, novelty formats, and the material book, 1810-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:02077b56-4e3e-4bf3-92b0-6c59fce771df.
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This thesis examines the book in the nineteenth century by way of an unusual corpus: movable and novelty books for children, drawn from the Opie Collection of Children’s Literature at the Bodleian Library. It argues that these items, which have been either ignored or actively dismissed by scholars of children’s literature, are of two-fold significance for the history of the book: they encourage a sense of the book as a constitutively (rather than an incidentally) material object, and they demand an understanding of reading as not just a mental activity, but a physical one as well. Each of the first five chapters of the thesis centres on a different format. The opening chapter discusses the Regency-era paper doll books produced by Samuel and Joseph Fuller, exposing the tension between form and content in these works. The second chapter looks at Victorian panorama books for children, showing how the panorama format affects space, time, and the structure of any text accompanying the image. The third chapter reads the pop-up book’s key tension—the tension between surface and depth in the pursuit of an illusion of three dimensions—in terms of flat, theatrical, and stereoscopic picture-making, three other nineteenth-century pictorial modes in which an illusion of three-dimensionality is important. The fourth chapter traces self-reflexive accounts of printing, publishing, and the material book in dissolving-view books produced by the German publisher and printer Ernest Nister at the end of the nineteenth century. The fifth chapter positions the late nineteenth-century mechanical books designed and illustrated by Lothar Meggendorfer in terms of two material analogies, the puppet and the mechanical toy or automaton. The final chapter synthesizes evidence as to how the movable book could and should be read from across formats, foregrounding in particular the ways in which the movable embodies reading.
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Thorell, Julia. "UTOPIA." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6910.
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Mitt examensarbete består av en skriftlig del och en gestaltande del. Den skriftliga delen är en DROP, med beskrivande text och bild kring arbetsprocessen av mitt examensarbete. Den gestaltande delen består av mitt examensarbete, den grafiska novellen UTOPIA.
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Molavi, Arabshahi Amir. "Elderly users & Mobile Phones: An explorative Study on Designing for Emotion & Aesthetic Experience :." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-191125.
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This thesis aims to examine the role that non-instrumental aspects such as aesthetic and emotion play in elderly user interaction with mobile phones. It presents an analysis of the results from in-depth interviews with a selected group of Swedish elderly users, and discusses how the aesthetic experience which they yield in interacting with mobile phones could impact their preference, and their perceived usability of the devices. A set of mobile phones, different in usability and aesthetic levels were presented to the group of elderly user in order to investigate how they perceive phones attributes, including appearance and general features, and different facets of their user experience, including their motivations of use, the involved emotions, desires, and concerns. The analyses revealed a possible existing correlation between non-instrumental aspects of elderly users’ interaction with mobile phones, and their preference to use those devices. While negative aesthetic experience as a result of social concerns had a strong negative influence on elderly’s perceived usability, and could consequently alter their preference, certain symbolic meanings in interaction such as the tendency to be modern, contributed to perceived ease-of-use & perceived usefulness of the mobile phones. Elderly user’s familiarity or earlier experience with a device or with the technology was found to be a confounding variable. However, in the presence of usability concerns, traditional factors of aesthetic went into the shadow, and therefore had no direct impact on users’ perceived usability of the device. A set of design solutions that would address elderly user’ both instrumental and non-instrumental concern, were proposed.
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Oquendo, Felipe Barros. "A originalidade como requisito para concessão de registro de desenho industrial: subsídios para uma melhor compreensão no direito brasileiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7681.
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Esta dissertação visa a discutir a noção e os limites da originalidade como requisito material para obtenção de registros de desenhos industriais. Começando com a originalidade no texto da Lei n. 9.279/96 e fazendo algumas distinções adotadas pela doutrina e jurisprudência, passa-se para a fundamentação da
originalidade no texto constitucional. Aborda-se em seguida os diversos aspectos relativos direta e indiretamente à originalidade no exame de mérito e validade dos registros de desenho industrial, bem como nas ações de infração. Por fim, são
identificados os critérios fundamentais para averiguação da distinguibilidade dos desenhos e busca-se aplicar algumas das conclusões parciais a casos práticos.This dissertation aims at discussing the notion and boundaries of originality as a material requisite for the validity of industrial design registration. By starting with the originality in the text of Federal Law No. n. 9.279/96 and making some distinctions adopted by doctrine and case law, the work moves to the concept of originality in the constitutional text. In sequence, the diverse aspects related directly and indirectly to the originality in the exam of merits and validity of industrial design registrations are viewed, as well as in the infringement lawsuits. Ultimately, this work searches the fundamental criteria for evaluating the distinctiveness of the designs and aims at applying some of the conclusions reached to practical scenarios.
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Taheri, Ali. "Définition des indicateurs de l'efficience inventive pour caractériser les activités inventives en R&D : application au domaine de l’automobile." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD025/document.
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[...] Le sujet de cette thèse intervient dans le cadre du projet DEFI et vise à caractériser la notion d'Efficience Inventive en Conception afin d'élaborer des moyens de mesure de cette dernière. L’objectif étant à terme d’aboutir à l'adoption d’indicateurs aidant les entreprises à situer leurs capacités inventives en R&D. Par la suite, les entreprises ayant adopté ces indicateurs pourront, le cas échéant, entamer des actions d'évolution de leurs pratiques afin que la valeur de ces indicateurs évolue dans le sens recherché. Aux vues de la diversité des typologies d’entreprises et l’ampleur d’un tel sujet, notre recherche est focalisée sur les projets de conception de produits au sein des départements R&D de l’industrie automobile. Afin de mener cette recherche et définir les indicateurs de l’efficience inventive, nous avons étudié dans un premier temps les critères inhérents à la conception inventive. Selon nos travaux, la mesure de la performance inventive est corrélée à l’efficience inventive et doit considérer son efficacité par des caractéristiques ciblées, l’étude des connaissances impliquées et des ressources consommées. Notre mesure de l’efficience inventive est aussi basée sur l’analyse des flux des connaissances en jeu tout au long du processus d’innovation technologique, et particulièrement dans la phase de pré-développement. Elle analyse la relation entre ce qui est reçu et ce qui est appliqué ou consommé par rapport à l’inventivité. La mesure de l’inventivité est alors basée sur l’évaluation de l’idéalité, la nouveauté et l’utilité de ce qui sort du processus de conception de produit. L’ensemble des méthodes d’évaluation développées dans ce travail pour chaque critère d’inventivité, et l’efficience inventive, sont intégrés dans un système d’évaluation concret nommé IDPMS (Inventive Design Performance Measurement System) destiné à aider les directeurs des projets de la conception de produit et R&D à observer la performance inventive des équipes projet, et tenter d’améliorer les activités inventives. Donc, ce travail se catégorise dans le domain des sciences de l’ingénieur. Depuis plus de deux décennies, notre laboratoire (le LGéCo) travaille à la construction, d’abord théorique, puis déclinée en méthodes et outils, de nouvelles approches destinées à accompagner les mutations industrielles de l’ère de la qualité vers l’ère de l’innovation. A cet égard, cette thèse fournira un chaînon manquant : celui qui concerne l’évaluation, et la mesure de ce qui caractérise l’amont de l'innovation afin d’aider les entreprises à entrer, par rapport à ces dernières, en logique de performance[...] This thesis was defined in the DEFI project to characterize the notion of efficiency in Inventive Design, and develop the metrics of inventive-design. The objective of this proposal is to define inventive performance indicators to enhance the creative capacity in the automotive industry. The research is focused on the NPD projects of R&D department, which are known as the responsible of technological evolutions. In this respect, the main elements of design performance, and the main criteria of inventiveness are studied and merged together. The inventive performance of a R&D team is concerned with the efficiency of their activities to create inventive designs when they apply existing knowledge, and/or use creative resources. This analyzes the relationship between what is received and what is applied or consumed to achieve higher inventiveness degree. The measures of inventiveness are based on the evaluation of novelty, resourcefulness, and usefulness of what comes out from design activities. All the evaluation methods developed in this work are integrated into a concrete system as IDPMS (Inventive Design Performance Measurement System), and an initial version of the IDPMS application is developed, by which R&D and project managers can observe the inventive performance of their NPD projects. So this work is categorized in Engineering Science for specifying performance indicators of inventive design activities. In recent years, our laboratory (LGeCo) focused on developing theoretical methods, then appropriate tools to accompany the industrial changes from the era of quality to the era of innovation. In this regard, this thesis provides the missing link of this effort by evaluating the main characteristics of inventions in engineering level to help companies enter into a logic performance along their innovation projects
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Soudková, Kateřina. "Koláž žije!" Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232391.
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The output of my studio thesis – redesign of a book called Zůstaňte s námi by Marek Šindelka, follows to the theoretical section titled Collage in contemporary Czech illustration and brings up the know-how of said issue. This fictional redesigned story book by contemporary Czech author deals with the current possibilities of the collage technique, its practical application in the field of graphic design and strives for its reconnection with modern Czech books.
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Hernandez, Fisher Carlos. "The design process of The Legend of Wild Man Fischer /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2353.
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DeHoog, Edward Allen. "Novel Fundus Camera Design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195633.
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A fundus camera a complex optical system that makes use of the principle of reflex free indirect ophthalmoscopy to image the retina. Despite being in existence as early as 1900's, little has changed in the design of a fundus camera and there is minimal information about the design principles utilized. Parameters and specifications involved in the design of fundus camera are determined and their affect on system performance are discussed. Fundus cameras incorporating different design methods are modeled and a performance evaluation based on design parameters is used to determine the effectiveness of each design strategy. By determining the design principles involved in the fundus camera, new cameras can be designed to include specific imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography, imaging spectroscopy and imaging polarimetry to gather additional information about properties and structure of the retina. Design principles utilized to incorporate such modalities into fundus camera systems are discussed. Design, implementation and testing of a snapshot polarimeter fundus camera are demonstrated.
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Andersson, Oscar. "ÖVERALLT PÅ JORDEN SAMTIDIGT." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6941.
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Peliks, Robert Bilgor. "Novel design of a rotary valve using axiomatic design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32348.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 110).
Rotary valves have existed for millennia; and while they have developed tremendously since the first Roman valves, many of the same problems have persisted. The basic problems are caused by the coupling of functional requirements, which limits the valve's performance. Using axiomatic design (AD), two of these couplings, including the coupling of the friction-sealing FRs, are studied and resolved. Although more work can be done to improve the patent-pending designs, the concepts presented represent advancements over existing rotary valve designs. The proposed designs have been analyzed for their merits as a valve and for their potential applications, such as in automotive engines.
by Robert (Beto) Bilgor Peliks.
S.M.
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Abhay, Srinivas. "Novel Compressor Blade Design Study." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439279520.
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Ghoreishian, Idine. "The Spiro-Helical Antenna." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36021.
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A novel antenna made of a spiral wire wrapped into a larger helical shape is introduced. The geometry of this antenna, which is a doubly helical structure, is fully described by five independent parameters, including two radial dimensions, two pitch angles, and the number of turns. Radiation properties of this antenna are examined both theoretically and experimentally. The Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC-2) is used to obtain simulation results. A large number of cases with different radii, pitch angles, and number of turns are investigated. Results for far-field patterns, gain, axial ratio, and bandwidth are presented. The influence of parameters on radiation properties are examined. Several prototypes of the antenna were constructed and tested using an outdoor antenna range. Measured far-field patterns are presented over a wide range of frequencies. The measured and computed radiation patterns are in good agreement.
The results of this study indicate that the proposed antenna provides circular polarization and high gain over a wide frequency range. For example, when the number of turns is 10, a gain of 11-14 dB, a boresight axial ratio of less than 3 dB, and a half-power beamwidth of about 40 degrees are achieved over a 30% bandwidth. The side-lobe level for most cases examined is better than 10 dB below the main beam. A unique advantage of this antenna is its much smaller size compared with a conventional helical antenna made of straight wire shaped into a helix. Having about the same radiation characteristics, including gain, circular polarization, bandwidth, and side-lobe level, this new antenna occupies a volume more than 2.5 to 3 times smaller than the conventional helix. This reduction in size, which in turn may imply smaller weight and lower packaging and manufacturing costs, makes the proposed antenna very appealing to many communications and aerospace applications.
Master of Science
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Poli, Federico. "Design of novel redox flow batteries." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
Questo lavoro di tesi partendo da un'analisi bibliografica delle tecnologie di batterie più avanzate allo stato solido e a flusso, sottolinea le potenzialità delle batterie metallo aria in particolare Li/O2 per applicazioni stazionarie e per il veicolo elettrico.
L'ottimizzazione delle prestazioni delle batterie a flusso richiede un'accurata ingegnerizzazione del disegno di cella e studi di fluidodinamica per la valutazione dell'impatto dei flussi sul funzionamento della batteria. Le cadute di pressione attraverso la cella generano, infatti, una perdita di potenza che deve essere minimizzata mediante opportune geometrie di cella.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è la modellizzazione e la valutazione sperimentale delle cadute di pressione attraverso prototipi di laboratorio di celle Li/O2
L’analisi dei disegni di celle a flusso proposte in letteratura ha permesso di realizzare un primo prototipo ottenuto con stampa 3D cha ha evidenziato come un intelligente geometria di cella permetta di ridurre drasticamente le cadute di pressione anche con sistemi viscosi quali gli elettroliti organici utilizzati nelle batterie a più alta energia specifica.
L'integrazione tra simulazioni numeriche e prove elettrochimiche su celle Li/O2 reali ha permesso di proporre il disegno di un terzo prototipo di cella sempre con l'obbiettivo di massimizzare la potenza netta della cella.
Da sottolineare che l'accuratezza della descrizione fluidodinamica nei prototipi virtuali studiati ha avuto conferma dalle misure sperimentali effettuate.
Questa tesi pertanto contribuisce a dimostrare come gli approcci numerici utilizzati siano metodi estremamente potenti per accelerare l'attività di prototipazione di batterie redox a flusso avanzate, in particolare metallo aria, e per portare tali tecnologie a raggiungere valori di energie e potenze specifiche superiori rispetto allo stato dell'arte.
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Keller, Charles Anderson. "Novel Concepts in Piezohydraulic Pump Design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5144.
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Over the past several years, there has been significant development in the field of applications for piezoelectric materials. This thesis focuses on using these materials in a piezohydraulic pump system. Piezopump systems typically operate by pushing fluid through check valves to produce positive fluid flow. The accompanying hydraulic system utilizes a control valve, hydraulic accumulator, and hydraulic actuator. The function of the piezopump is to convert the very small displacements of the piezoelectric stack actuators into useful work. This paper details the design, construction, and testing of four such possible pumping systems.
The first system was a thin diaphragm piezo pump which utilized conventional check valves to rectify the flow. This pump was the next generation system in a series of piezopumps designed at Georgia Tech. Its peak performance with a driving voltage of 150V was a flowrate of 140 cc/min with a blocked pressure of 1.38 MPa (200 psi.). The key features of this system were its aluminum construction and ease of assembly.
A new technology was developed which used a resonant fluid cavity to build usable pressure for a pumping system. Two half wave resonators were build to operate at frequencies of 20 kHz and 1 kHz. These systems produced good pressure during resonance, but attempts to rectify these high frequency pulses were unsuccessful. Rectification methods such as reed valves, vortex fluid diodes, and nozzle/ diffuser arrangements were discussed. A reed valve system was developed and tested. A fourth piezoelectric system was developed which used the driving elements and the reed valves originally designed for the resonant systems. This non resonant reed valve pump produced good results. This pump systems produced 338cc/min at a frequency of 400 Hz. It also produced a blocked pressure of 250 psi. There are many applications for these miniature high flow pumping systems. The technology in the reed valve pump is scalable, and the size of this particular system may be reduced dramatically to offer even more space saving potential.
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Jiang, Lin. "Novel catalysts by computational enzyme design /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9248.
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Harradine, Mark Alan. "Design of a novel micro-loudspeaker." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324442.
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Moazzam, Mohammad Reza. "Novel design techniques for microwave filters." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295724.
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Hsieh, Pei-Shan. "IGBT design, modelling and novel devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708993.
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Charalampidis, Nikolaos. "Novel approaches in voltage-follower design." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2006. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/bad01df9-ee82-88aa-e5c8-2d241fb8a2fc/1.
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The aim of this research programme was to design and develop novel voltagefollowerslbuffers, suitable for radio frequency (RF) applications. The emphases throughout has been on improving key characteristics, in particular distortion, operating bandwidth, input and output impedances, offset-voltage and power supply demands of the design. The majority of the results of this work have been reported by the author in the technical literature (I] to (6). Initially this research focuses on the investigation of the underlying operating principles of the voltage-follower to provide an in-depth understanding of its operation. This study concentrates on establishing reasons for the poor distortion, low input and high output impedances and increased offset-voltage and confirmed that these designs have inherently poor performance in these parameters. The analysis is carried out using both theoretical modelling and computer simulation, using the wellestablished software package ORCAD PSpice. Despite the availability of high performance computer simulation tools, it becomes apparent that 'hand' calculations in the design process, generally based on DC and small-signal transistor parameters, are essential. Therefore a detailed analysis of the transistor-models used throughout this research is carried out with PSpice data. Using the analytical results of the conventional voltage-follower as a benchmark, various novel circuit techniques investigated. Several new circuits are proposed with respect to improving the previously mentioned key characteristics. The first technique comprises local feedback and single-valued current biasing and 111 consists of emitter-followers exclusively throughout the signal path, keeping the distortion of the input signal to low levels [1 J, (2). The second technique is based on local feedback with double-valued current biasing, increasing somewhat the power dissipation but reducing, notably, the distortion of the configuration [3J, [4J, [5J, [6J. The final technique employs the emitter-followers throughout the signal path in combination with global feedback and double-valued current biasing, which presents significantly better results, on certain parameters, than conventional and existing configurations. It is anticipated that this work will be published in the near future.
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MacQuarrie, Stephanie Lee. "Design and Synthesis of Novel Benzodiazepines." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30209.
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Bivalent drug design is an efficient strategy for increasing potency and selectivity of many drugs. We devised a strategy to prepare agonist-benzodiazepine heterodimers that could simultaneously bind to agonist and BZD sites of the GABAAR. We synthesized a benzodiazepine-MPEG model compound that relied on physiological GABA to elicit flux. We established that a tether at the N1 position of the BZD would not prevent binding to the receptor. However, coupling of GABA amides with long chain PEG tethers studied by another group member resulted in complete loss of agonist activity. We therefore ceased research in this particular area.
1,4-Benzodiazepin-2,5-diones display a wide range of pharmacological activities. Compounds containing the tricyclic proline-derived subtype have received attention as potent anxiolytic agents and as starting materials for anthramycin-inspired anticancer agents. More recently enantiopure (S)-proline-derived 1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones have been recognized as selective α5 GABAA receptor ligands. Despite the impressive diversity of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones prepared to date, enantiopure examples possessing a quaternary stereogenic center have been largely unexplored.
"Memory of chirality" (MOC) is an emerging strategy for asymmetric synthesis. This technique enables the memory of a sole chiral center in the substrate to be retained in a process that destroys that center. We have used this technique to prepare a library of quaternary proline-derived, thioproline-derived and hydroxyproline-derived 1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones, in high ee. We have developed an efficient synthetic method for preparing oxaproline-derived 1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones in high yields, and by applying the MOC strategy we have prepared quaternary derivatives in acceptable %ee. We envision oxaproline-derived 1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones may exhibit similar or more potent pharmacological properties than proline-derived 1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-diones. Using density functional theory (DFT) methods, we modeled the formation of an enantiopure, dynamically chiral enolate intermediate and the slow racemization of the enolate on the alkylation reaction time scale.Ph. D.
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Hill, Marcus Peter. "Design of novel tobramycin loaded therapeutics." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706976.
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Ng, Lik Yin. "Novel integrated design techniques for biorefineries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29016/.
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Utilisation of biomass is identified as one of the promising solutions to reduce society’s dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate climate change caused by the exploitation of fossil fuels. By using the concept of biorefinery, biomass can be converted into value-added products such as biofuels, biochemical products and biomaterials in a greener and sustainable way. To enhance the efficiency of biorefinery, the concept of integrated biorefinery which focuses on the integration of various biomass conversion technologies is utilised. To date, various biomass conversion pathways are available to convert biomass into a wide range of products. Due to the substantial amount of potential products and conversion technologies, determining of chemical products and processing routes in an integrated biorefinery have become more challenging. Hence, there is a need for a methodology capable of evaluating the integrated process in order to identify the optimal products as well as the optimal conversion pathways that produce the identified products. This thesis presents a novel approach which integrates process with product design techniques for integrated biorefineries. In the proposed approach, integration between synthesis of integrated biorefinery and computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) techniques is presented. By using CAMD techniques, optimal chemical product in terms of target properties which fulfils the required product needs is designed. On the other hand, in order to identify the conversion pathways that produce the identified optimal chemical product in an integrated biorefinery, chemical reaction pathway map (CRPM) and superstructural mathematical optimisation approach have been utilised. Furthermore, this thesis also presents various chemical product design approaches. In order to solve chemical design problems where multiple product needs are required to be considered and optimised, a novel multi-objective optimisation approach for chemical product design has been presented. By using fuzzy optimisation approach, the developed multi-objective optimisation approach identifies optimal chemical product based on multiple product properties. In addition, fuzzy optimisation approach has been further extended to address chemical product design problems where the accuracy of property prediction model is taken into account. A robust chemical product design approach is developed to design optimal chemical products with consideration of accuracy of property prediction model. Furthermore, together with CAMD techniques and superstructural mathematical optimisation approach, the developed multi-objective optimisation approach has been utilised for the design of mixtures in an integrated biorefinery. For this purpose, a systematic optimisation approach has been developed to identify optimal mixture based on multiple desired product needs as well as the optimal conversion pathways that convert biomass into the optimal mixture. Finally, possible extensions and future opportunities for the realm of the research work have been highlighted in the later part of this thesis.
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Lerner, Scott Allen. "Optical design using novel aspheric surfaces." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289160.
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Advancements in the design, manufacturing and testing of optical systems have created the need for new functional representations for aspheric surfaces. The representations must define surfaces that can compensate for a high degree of wavefront asphericity and represent steeply sloped surfaces as the surface normal becomes perpendicular to the optical axis. As the standard asphere is explicitly defined, the range of surfaces that it can properly describe is limited. This work develops both a parametrically defined surface approach and an implicitly defined surface approach. Whereas the surface sag of an explicit surface is defined directly using one equation, the sag of a parametric surface is defined using at least two equations. The sag of an implicit surface is defined indirectly using a surface function. The utility of these novel approaches is demonstrated using examples of current interest. Specifically, a truncated parametric Taylor surface and an implicit xyz-polynomial surface are shown to be more general definitions that represent highly aspheric surfaces better the standard explicit asphere. Ray tracing and optimization strategies for parametric and implicit surface representations are discussed. Additionally, this work shows that a Fourier series is not a useful optical surface and introduces the explicit superconic surface, which is a redefinition of the standard superconic surface. Finally, we compare the surface types discussed for ray tracing speed, optimization complexity, and ability to represent highly aspheric surfaces.
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Wood, Virginia Ann. "Design and synthesis of novel antioxidants." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301963.
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Shuchi, Sarah N. "A novel concept for airport terminal design integrating flexibility." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/93011/1/Sarah_Shuchi_Thesis.pdf.
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The current research proposed a conceptual design framework for airports to obtain flexible departure layouts based on passenger activity analysis obtained from Business Process Models (BPM). BPMs available for airport terminals were used as a design tool in the current research to uncover the relationships existing between spatial layout and corresponding passenger activities. An algorithm has been developed that demonstrates the applicability of the proposed design framework by obtaining relative spatial layouts based on passenger activity analysis. The generated relative spatial layout assists architects in achieving suitable alternative layouts to meet the changing needs of an airport terminal.
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Guan, Congying. "Prototyping a novel apparel recommendation system : a feasibility study." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36289/.
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This research explores the technical feasibility of developing a knowledge-based apparel style recommendation system through investigations on apparel communication theory, data construction and machine learning techniques. It intends to improve the poor user experiences of online clothes shopping caused by the unpractical style searching, recommendation and personal styling engines. This study started with building up the theoretical foundation of apparel data and recommendation system. Then, an apparel data coding method and two apparel datasets are developed based on the apparel communication system and semiotics theory. ATTRIBUTE dataset captures natural and design features while MEANING dataset labels communicative meanings on style and body. Thirdly, the technical feasibility is investigated by statistics analytical methods to evaluate data relations and machine-learning methods to learn from the training data and predict apparel MEANINGs. The author found that the proposed data might exist non-linear relations, which restricts statistics analytical methods. Instead, machine-learning based methods are applicable as evidenced by three apparel MEANING prediction models. The three models also prove that the new apparel data coding method and ATTRIBUTE dataset could enhance the learning model since it captures more accurate apparel features. Additionally, the most useful data learning method is identified when it firstly learns ATTRIBUTEs from images via CNN model, and then determines MEANINGs from predicted ATTRIBUTEs by LKF classifier. The conclusion from this research is that it is technically feasible to develop an apparel style recommendation system. This research contributes a new method to the field of apparel recommendation system study. It fills the gap of lacking deep understandings of apparel knowledge. The proposed approach made three improvements: (1) a profound theory of apparel as a foundation, (2) a new apparel dataset construction method capturing design features and connotative meanings, and (3) the image-attribute collaborated data training model, which can effectively recognise in-depth design features and make precise predictions on connotative meanings.
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Elliott, John. "D.H. Lawrence and narrative design." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/141.
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Lawrence's work has almost invevitably been read as an aesthetic production whereby one must eventually agree or disagree with his vision of "reality". Those who assume a formalist standard of taste often find that Lawrence "loses control" of his material; those who offer ideological apologies for his work argue that disruptions in the aesthetic plane are representative of an exploratory genius, often seen as the outstanding characteristic of literary modernism. Both approaches, explicitly or otherwise , rely on the ultimate sanction of the achieved image, transmuted by the author always in control of his material. Yet anyone who reads Lawrence with an eye to to what the "tale" says in addition to what the "teller" claims discovers that Lawrence is not in full control of his material, thought it cannot simply be argued, on aesthetic or linguistic criteria, that he is out of control. Rather, there exists a "third" state whereby Lawrence both writes and is written, gives us a message with one hand, yet retracts, as it were, with the other. Because this double-move is preeminently suited to the language of fiction, and because it appears in Lawrence's fiction with the greatest versatility and incisiveness, this dissertation analyzes six of his novels for their rhetorical significance, understood as both an organization of tropes and figures and as a system of persuasive doctrine. A new definition for allegory is proposed, the introductions of thematic and structural "blanks" is examined, and a spread of narrative delays are identified and discussed, all concerned with the central problem of writing novels that direct themselves to the resurrection of a pre-linguistic universe, yet ironically depend more and more upon writing to bring this about. Ideas drawn from Continental philosophy and recent critical theory are incorporated for support and instruction. Attention is also focused on Lawrence's revision processes, often with specific emphasis on unpublished manuscript material.
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Lalwani, Sanjiv Kumar Shankerdass. "Design and synthesis of novel isoelectric buffers." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3356.
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Hydrolytically stable, low- and high-pI isoelectric hydrogel membranes were
prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as alternatives to polyacrylamide-based
isoelectric membranes that hydrolyze in acidic and basic solutions.
Low-pI membranes were made by attaching an isoelectric buffer of a welldefined
pI value (such as iminodiacetic acid, IDA, aspartic acid, ASP or glutamic acid,
GLU) to the PVA backbone and crosslinking the PVA strands, in situ. The pH in these
membranes does not change significantly with slight variations in the amount of
isoelectric buffer that gets incorporated. The pI values of these membranes were pI is greater then 1.7 but less then 2.0 (IDAPVA), pI is greater then 2.0 but less then 2.6 (ASPPVA) and pI was greater then 2.6 but less then 3.4 (GLUPVA).The membranes were used as anodic membranes in isoelectric trapping (IET) experiments. Sugars, cyclodextrins (CDs), and certain polyhydroxy compounds have pKa
values between 11.5 and 14. Thus, high-pI hydrogels were obtained by incorporating (i)
quaternary ammonium derivatives of Beta-CD (QCDPVA) (ii) quaternary ammonium groups and Beta-CD (CDQPVA) and (iii) quaternary ammonium groups alone (QPVA) into the crosslinked PVA hydrogels. All three membranes had pI values greater than 11 and
served as effective cathodic membranes for the IET of small ampholytic molecules and
proteins. In pH-biased IET, proteins are collected into solutions of isoelectric buffers that set the pH to keep the proteins in a charged state affording high solubility and preventing precipitation. Thus, a series of isoelectric buffers (biasers) with high buffering capacity, high conductivity, and pI values covering the useful pH 2-10 range are needed.
Two sets of such buffers were designed (i) with pI values between the pKa values of two carboxylic acid groups and (ii) with pI values between the pKa values of the conjugate acid form of two amine groups. Six of these buffers were synthesized and their synthesis was optimized. The products were obtained in their pure, isoelectric form and were extensively characterized.
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Li, Jianzhou, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Design of a novel hybrid cryptographic processor." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/266.
Full textAbstract:
A new multiplier that supports fields GF(p) and GF (2n) for the public-key cryptography, and fields GF (28) for the secret-key cryptography is proposed in this thesis. Based on the core multiplier and other extracted common operations, a novel hybrid crypto-processor is built which processes both public-key and secret-key cryptosystems. The corresponding instruction set is also presented. Three cryptographic algorithms: the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), AES and RC5 are focused to run in the processor. To compute scalar multiplication kP efficiently, a blend of efficient algorthms on elliptic curves and coordinates selections and of hardware architecture that supports arithmetic operations on finite fields is requried. The Nonadjacent Form (NAF) of k is used in Jacobian projective coordinates over GF(p); Montgomery scalar multiplication is utilized in projective coordinates over GF(2n). The dual-field multiplier is used to support multiplications over GF(p) and GF(2n) according to multiple-precision Montgomery multiplications algorithms. The design ideas of AES and RC5 are also described. The proposed hybrid crypto-processor increases the flexibility of security schemes and reduces the total cost of cryptosystems.viii, 87 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.
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Tiwari, Laxmikant. "Design and synthesis of novel anion receptors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312677.
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Khristova, Tetiana. "Computer-aided design of novel antithrombotic agents." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018545.
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Thrombosis is the most important pathological process underlying many cardiovascular diseases, which are responsible for high mortality worldwide. In this theses the computer-aided design of new anti-thrombotic agents able to inhibit two types of receptors located on the surface of the platelets has been applied. The first one - αIIbβ3 - is responsible for the interaction of activated platelets with fibrinogen to form clots, whereas the second one - thromboxane A2 - is responsible for platelet activation by one of agonists excreted by activated platelets. To achieve this, different types of models have been developed using experimentally available information and structure of protein-ligand complexes. This concerns: QSAR models, structure-based and ligand-based 3D pharmacophore models, 2D pharmacophore models, shape-based and molecular field-based models. The ensemble of the developed models were used in virtual screening. This study resulted in suggestion of new potential antagonists of αIIbβ3 and thromboxane A2 receptors. Suggested antagonists of αIIbβ3 able to bind either open or closed form of the receptor have been synthesized and tested experimentally. Experiments show that they display high activity; moreover some of theoretically designed compounds are more efficient than Tirofiban - the commercialized drug molecule. The recommended antagonists of thromboxane A2 receptor have been already synthesized but biological tests have not been completed yet.
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Darling, Maureen. "The design of novel glass-ionomer cements." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1993. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6142/.
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Guo, Yunchuan. "Analysis and design of novel electromagnetic metamaterials." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7864.
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This thesis introduces efficient numerical techniques for the analysis of novel electromagnetic metamaterials. The modelling is based on a Method of Moments modal analysis in conjunction with an interpolation scheme, which significantly accelerates the computations. Triangular basis functions are used that allow for modelling of arbitrary shaped metallic elements. Unlike the conventional methods, impedance interpolation is applied to derive the dispersion characteristics of planar periodic structures. With these techniques, the plane wave and the surface wave responses of fractal structures have been studied by means of transmission coefficients and dispersion diagrams. The multiband properties and the compactness of the proposed structures are presented. Based on this method, novel planar left-handed metamaterials are also proposed. Verifications of the left-handedness are presented by means of full wave simulation of finite planar arrays using commercial software and lab measurement. The structures are simple, readily scalable to higher frequencies and compatible with low-cost fabrication techniques.
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MacSween, Ross. "Design and synthesis of novel host systems." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443390.
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McArthur, Duncan Robert. "Design and synthesis of novel sila-peptidomimetics." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250791.
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Taban, Ismail. "Design and synthesis of novel CYP24A1 inhibitors." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/105297/.
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CYP24A1 (25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase) is a useful enzyme target for a range of medical conditions including cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune disease, which show elevated CYP24A1 levels and corresponding reduction of calcitriol (the biologically active form of vitamin D). Calcitriol has antiproliferative and pro-differentiating properties, however use of calcitriol as a therapeutic drug is limited by hypercalcaemia. An alternative approach is the use of CYP24A1 inhibitors to prevent the metabolism of calcitriol. The aim of this research is to design and synthesise novel inhibitors of CYP24A1 to enhance the endogenous levels of circulating calcitriol. Furthermore, it is important to develop compounds that are selective for CYP24A1 over CYP27B1 so that the generation of calcitriol itself is not blocked. In order to understand the requirements of inhibitor binding to the enzyme-active site, it would be useful to have a 3D structure of both human CYP24A1 and CYP27B1. However, to date, no human crystal structures are available for either of these enzymes. Therefore, a homology model for CYP24A1 has been developed and published. A CYP27B1 homology model was developed, using a combination of homology modelling, molecular dynamics simulations, and molecular docking to understand the satisfactory explanation of the binding selectivity of the CYP27B1 model with the natural substrate and with selective inhibitor complexes. Docking results for CYP27B1 showed amino acids Arg107, Asn387 and Asp320 have an important role in binding interactions to form hydrogen bonds with inhibitors. The development of potent and selective inhibitors from three azole series was investigated. Development of series one using pyridine, imidazole and triazole as the haem binding group was synthesised successfully. The compounds exhibited weak potency and IC50 ranging between 10.2 to 28.4 μM against CYP24A1. Owing to the low CYP24A1 inhibitory activity the compounds were not evaluated against CYP27B1. The series two bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5ol) was synthesised successfully. Two compounds were the moderate CYP24A1 inhibitors and so were further evaluated against CYP27B1. However, these compounds showed enzymatic inhibition (IC50 = 0.57 μM and 0.41 μM) against CYP27B1, that is they were more selective for CYP27B1 which could be rationalised from docking experiments. A series of (E)-N-(2-(1H-imidazol-1- yl)-2-(phenylethyl)-3/4-styrylbenzamides have been synthesised using an efficient synthetic route and shown to be potent inhibitors of CYP24A1 (IC50 0.11 - 0.35 μM) compared with the standard ketoconazole. Molecular modelling using our CYP24A1 homology model showed the inhibitors to fill the hydrophobic binding site, forming key transition metal interaction between the imidazole nitrogen and the haem Fe3+ and multiple interactions with the active site amino acid residues.
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Wu, Haichen. "Rational design of novel catalysts for hydrogenation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615251.
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Fitzpatrick, Dominic Michael Fitzpatrick. "Novel MMIC design process using waveform engineering." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/47079/.
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It has always been the case that talented individuals with an innate understanding of their subject have been able to produce works of outstanding performance. The purpose of engineering science is to define ways in which such achievements can be made on a regular,predictable basis with a high degree of confidence in success. Some tools, such as computers, have enabled an increase in speed and accuracy, whilst others have given a dramatic increase in the insight into the operation or behavior of materials; the electron microscope for instance. Still others have enabled the creation of devices on a scale unimaginable to our predecessors, Molecular Beam Epitaxy for example. This work is the product of the availability of an understanding of complex theory on microwave transistor operation, significant increases in mathematical processing and data handling, and the assembly of a ‘tool’ that not only allows the measurement of high frequency waveforms, but their manipulation to simultaneously create the environments envisioned by the design engineer. It extends the operation of previous narrow band active load pull measurement systems to 40GHz and importantly facilitates the design of high efficiency modes at X band. The main tenant of this work is to propose that rather than the linear approach of characterisation, design, test, re-iterate, that has been the standard approach to MMIC design to date, the first three stages should be integrated into a single approach which should obviate the need for design reiteration. The result of this approach should be better performance from amplifier designs, greater probability of success first time, and lower costs through less wafer real estate being consumed and fewer sign ‘spins’.
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Song, Peter C. T. "Novel antenna design for future mobile systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633236.
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User requirements for access to a diversified range of wireless telecommunication services have resulted in a rapid technological push to unify these several different systems on a common platform. The objective of this work is to develop novel antenna design solutions not only for existing systems but also any future generation wireless communication systems. This thesis titled "Novel Antenna Design for Future Mobile Systems" describes the work done for the period from 15th January 1998 to 14th January 2001, under the studentship agreement between British Telecommunications and the University of Birmingham. Three topics are investigated in this thesis. They are: firstly, the family of multiband planar inverted F antenna (PIFA); secondly, the gain enhancement and packaging concepts of electrically small antennas and finally, the family of multiband fractal antennas. In the first topic, two novel PIFA antennas were designed. The first is a triple band antenna where a dual band single feed element using a reactive L shape spur line load is housed within a lower frequency antenna element. The frequency ratio for the reactively loaded dual band single feed antenna is tuneable between 1.28 to over 3.5. The second antenna is designed with two PBFA housed within a quarter wave patch antenna. The antenna is tuned for operation in the GSM, DECT and WLAN bands. The second includes a discussion of a method of integrating electrically small antenna with the transceiver chip on a single package, where the poor efficiency of small integrated antenna can be overcome by the use of a parasitic radiator. Experimental investigation of the characteristics of this parasite, including circular polarisation techniques, are addressed. The final topic is the family of multiband fractal antennas where five novel designs are proposed. The first two designs address feeding solutions for a perturbed Sierpinski gasket monopole antenna, using a microstrip and an angular feed. These techniques enable the closely spaced, tuned bands of the perturbed Sierpinski gasket to be matched without additional matching circuits. The third design is a shorted half sized Sierpinski gasket monopole antenna, similar to the design of the inverted L antenna development. Tuning of bands are also demonstrated by structural perturbation. The fourth design is a set of multiple rings, similar to the multi-level design of the Sierpinski gasket monopole antenna. The bandwidth of each band is well over 40%, which is much larger than the Sierpinski gasket monopole. Finally, a pair of Sierpinski carpet monopoles are fed in parallel and demonstrate a very large impedance bandwidth.
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De, Jager Josephus Jacobus. "Design and synthesis of novel antimalarial agents." Thesis, Stellenbosh : Stellenbosh University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96071.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Malaria is a pestilent disease associated with massive socioeconomic burden of sub-Saharan Africa. This disease is caused by a blood infection of the single cellular parasite of the Plasmodium genus. Two enzymes of this parasite have been identified to be essential to the survival of this parasite, notably Spermidine Synthase and Protein Farnesyltransferase. The goal of this dissertation was to search for and synthesise novel inhibitors of these two enzymes with a strong focus towards understanding their structure/activity relationships. To achieve the first goal, molecular modelling was employed. An in-depth discussion is presented to describe the underlying principles relevant to this branch of computational chemistry. This ensures that the experiments using these methods are set-up correctly and results are interpreted within context. Two virtual high-throughput screens were then performed using prepared crystallographic structures of Spermidine Synthase. The first was pharmacophore based method and the second based on LibDock. The database used, containing 7.1 million compounds, was filtered using a custom developed tool prior to screening. Finally, CDOCKER was then used to investigate the activity of potential hit compounds. Spermidine Synthase has a natural affinity for adenosine and this trait was exploited by derivatising analogues to synthesise potential inhibitors of the enzyme. This was to be achieved by the incorporation of both electrophilic and nucleophilic moieties at selected positions, including the use of a high yielding Mitsunobu reaction. A number of additional residues were then synthesised and joined to the adenosine which were proposed to increase the active site occupancy and increase affinity to the enzyme. For the second enzyme targeted for inhibition, Protein Farnesyltransferase, indole was used as a starting scaffold to synthesise potential hits de novo. It was aimed to derivatise the indole at the Nʹ and 3ʹ positions. The crystal structure of one of the intermediates was published. Furthermore, a synthetic sequence which culminated in a palladium catalysed Suzuki coupling was performed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Malaria is ‘n peslike siekte wat geassosieer word met beduinde sosio-ekonomiese implikasies vir sub-Sahara Afrika. Die siekte word veroorsaak deur ‘n bloed infeksie van die enkel sellulêre parasiet van die Plasmodium genus. Twee ensieme, naamlik Spermidien Sintetase en Protein Farnesieltransferase, is geïdentifiseer om noodsaaklik te wees vir die oorlewing van die parasiet. Die doelwit van hierdie verhandeling is die soektog en sintese van oorspronklike inhibeerders van hierdie twee ensieme met ‘n sterk fokus daarop om struktuur/aktiwiteit interaksies te verstaan. Om die eerste doelwit te bereik is molekulêre modellering toegepas. ‘n Indiepte ondersoek word voorgestel om die onderliggende beginsels relevant tot hierdie tak van berekenkundige chemie te beskryf. Dit verseker dat eksperimente wat op hierdie tegnieke berus korrek opgestel word en dat die resultate binne konteks geïnterpreteer word. Twee virtuele hoë-deurset skerms was deurgevoer op voorbereide kristallografiese strukture van Spermidien Sintetase. Die eerste het berus op ‘n pharmakoforiese metode en die tweede op LibDock. ‘n Self-ontwikkelde sagteware gereedskap stuk is gebruik om a databasis van 7.1 miljoen verbindings te filtreer voor dit gebruik is in hoë-deurset skerms. Uiteindelik is CDOCKER gebruik om die potensiele aktiwiteit van “treffer” verbindings te beraam. Spermidien syntetase het ‘n natuurlike affiniteit vir adenosien en hierdie eienskap is benut deur analoeë af te lei na potensiële inhibeerders teen die ensiem. Dit is bewerkstellig deur die insluiting van beide elektrofiliese asook nukleifielese funksionele groepe op gekose posisies. Dit het die gebruik van ‘n hoë opbrengs Mitsunobu reaksie ingesluit. ‘n Aantal ander addisionele residueë is toe gesintetiseer en geheg aan die afgeleide adenosien om die ensiem setel te vul en sodoende die affinitieit te verhoog. Vir die tweede ensiem wat geteiken is vir inhibisie, Protein Farnesieltransferase, is indool benuttig as ‘n begin steier te dien om potensiële treffers de novo te sintetiseer. Dit is geteiken om die indool af te lei op die Nʹ en 3ʹ posisies en die kristal struktuur van een van hierdie tussengangers is gepubliseer. Verder is ‘n sintetiese weg, wat uitgeloop het op ‘n palladium gekataliseerde Suzuki koppeling, uitgevoer.
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Antonio-Torres, David. "System level design of novel display controllers." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418401.
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