Relevant bibliographies by topics / Novel stem cell population

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Novel stem cell population'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Novel stem cell population"

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Markel, Troy A., Paul Crisostomo, Meijing Wang, Christine Herring, and Daniel Meldrum. "First report of a novel and phenotypically distinct stem cell population: Neonatal stem cells." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 205, no. 3 (September 2007): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.06.115.

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Qu-Petersen, Zhuqing, Bridget Deasy, Ron Jankowski, Makato Ikezawa, James Cummins, Ryan Pruchnic, John Mytinger, et al. "Identification of a novel population of muscle stem cells in mice." Journal of Cell Biology 157, no. 5 (May 20, 2002): 851–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200108150.

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Three populations of myogenic cells were isolated from normal mouse skeletal muscle based on their adhesion characteristics and proliferation behaviors. Although two of these populations displayed satellite cell characteristics, a third population of long-time proliferating cells expressing hematopoietic stem cell markers was also identified. This third population comprises cells that retain their phenotype for more than 30 passages with normal karyotype and can differentiate into muscle, neural, and endothelial lineages both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to the other two populations of myogenic cells, the transplantation of the long-time proliferating cells improved the efficiency of muscle regeneration and dystrophin delivery to dystrophic muscle. The long-time proliferating cells' ability to proliferate in vivo for an extended period of time, combined with their strong capacity for self-renewal, their multipotent differentiation, and their immune-privileged behavior, reveals, at least in part, the basis for the improvement of cell transplantation. Our results suggest that this novel population of muscle-derived stem cells will significantly improve muscle cell–mediated therapies.
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Oldershaw, Rachel, W. Andrew Owens, Rachel Sutherland, Martin Linney, Rachel Liddle, Lissette Magana, Gendie E. Lash, Jason H. Gill, Gavin Richardson, and Annette Meeson. "Human Cardiac-Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells, a Novel Cell Population with Therapeutic Potential." Stem Cells and Development 28, no. 9 (May 2019): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2018.0170.

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Hegab, Ahmed E., Vi Luan Ha, Jennifer L. Gilbert, Kelvin Xi Zhang, Stephen P. Malkoski, Andy T. Chon, Daphne O. Darmawan, et al. "Novel Stem/Progenitor Cell Population from Murine Tracheal Submucosal Gland Ducts with Multipotent Regenerative Potential." STEM CELLS 29, no. 8 (July 26, 2011): 1283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.680.

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Termini, Christina M., Amara Pang, Michelle Li, Tiancheng Fang, Vivian Y. Chang, and John P. Chute. "Syndecan-2 enriches for hematopoietic stem cells and regulates stem cell repopulating capacity." Blood 139, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020010447.

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Abstract The discovery of novel hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) surface markers can enhance understanding of HSC identity and function. We have discovered a population of primitive bone marrow (BM) HSCs distinguished by their expression of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan Syndecan-2, which serves as both a marker and a regulator of HSC function. Syndecan-2 expression was increased 10-fold in CD150+CD48–CD34–c-Kit+Sca-1+Lineage– cells (long-term HSCs [LT-HSCs]) compared with differentiated hematopoietic cells. Isolation of BM cells based solely on syndecan-2 surface expression produced a 24-fold enrichment for LT-HSCs and sixfold enrichment for α-catulin+c-kit+ HSCs, and yielded HSCs with superior in vivo repopulating capacity compared with CD150+ cells. Competitive repopulation assays revealed the HSC frequency to be 17-fold higher in syndecan-2+CD34–KSL cells compared with syndecan-2–CD34–KSL cells and indistinguishable from CD150+CD34–KSL cells. Syndecan-2 expression also identified nearly all repopulating HSCs within the CD150+CD34–KSL population. Mechanistically, syndecan-2 regulates HSC repopulating capacity through control of expression of Cdkn1c (p57) and HSC quiescence. Loss of syndecan-2 expression caused increased HSC cell cycle entry, downregulation of Cdkn1c, and loss of HSC long-term repopulating capacity. Syndecan-2 is a novel marker of HSCs that regulates HSC repopulating capacity via control of HSC quiescence.
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Wang, Yanli, Wing-Cheong Lo, and Ching-Shan Chou. "Modelling stem cell ageing: a multi-compartment continuum approach." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 3 (March 2020): 191848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191848.

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Stem cells are important to generate all specialized tissues at an early life stage, and in some systems, they also have repair functions to replenish the adult tissues. Repeated cell divisions lead to the accumulation of molecular damage in stem cells, which are commonly recognized as drivers of ageing. In this paper, a novel model is proposed to integrate stem cell proliferation and differentiation with damage accumulation in the stem cell ageing process. A system of two structured PDEs is used to model the population densities of stem cells (including all multiple progenitors) and terminally differentiated (TD) cells. In this system, cell cycle progression and damage accumulation are modelled by continuous dynamics, and damage segregation between daughter cells is considered at each division. Analysis and numerical simulations are conducted to study the steady-state populations and stem cell damage distributions under different damage segregation strategies. Our simulations suggest that equal distribution of the damaging substance between stem cells in a symmetric renewal and less damage retention in stem cells in the asymmetric division are favourable strategies, which reduce the death rate of the stem cells and increase the TD cell populations. Moreover, asymmetric damage segregation in stem cells leads to less concentrated damage distribution in the stem cell population, which may be more robust to the stochastic changes in the damage. The feedback regulation from stem cells can reduce oscillations and population overshoot in the process, and improve the fitness of stem cells by increasing the percentage of cells with less damage in the stem cell population.
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Punnett, Angela Susanne. "Malignancy Following Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Oncology & Hematology Review (US) 02 (2009): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ohr.2009.02.0.49.

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There is a growing appreciation of the increased risk for malignancy following solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as the survival of these patient populations increases overall. The risk for malignancy is related to a complex interaction of type, degree, and duration of immunosuppression, viral status, and recipient age. Most of the malignancies documented are common in the general population but occur with increasing incidence and have significant implications for post-transplant surveillance. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is specific to the transplant population and remains a treatment challenge. The development of novel immunosuppressive agents, the use of individualized immunosuppressive regimens, and collaborative therapeutic trials are necessary to advance clinical care for these patients. This article will review the current issues around malignancy in the post-transplant patient population.
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James, J. L., D. G. Hurley, T. K. J. B. Gamage, T. Zhang, R. Vather, P. Pantham, P. Murthi, and L. W. Chamley. "Isolation and characterisation of a novel trophoblast side-population from first trimester placentae." REPRODUCTION 150, no. 5 (November 2015): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0646.

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The placenta is responsible for all nutrient and gas exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy. The differentiation of specialised placental epithelial cells called trophoblasts is essential for placental function, but we understand little about how these populations arise. Mouse trophoblast stem cells have allowed us to understand many of the factors that regulate murine trophoblast lineage development, but the human placenta is anatomically very different from the mouse, and it is imperative to isolate a human trophoblast stem cell to understand human placental development. Here we have developed a novel methodology to isolate a Hoechst side-population of trophoblasts from early gestation placentae and compared their transcriptome to differentiated trophoblast populations (cytotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts) using microarray technology. Side-population trophoblasts clustered as a transcriptomically distinct population but were more closely related to cytotrophoblasts than extravillous trophoblasts. Side-population trophoblasts up-regulated a number of genes characteristic of trophectoderm and murine trophoblast stem cells in comparison to cytotrophoblasts or extravillous trophoblasts and could be distinguished from both of these more mature populations by a unique set of 22 up-regulated genes, which were enriched for morphogenesis and organ development and the regulation of growth functions. Cells expressing two of these genes (LAMA2 and COL6A3) were distributed throughout the cytotrophoblast layer at the trophoblast/mesenchymal interface. Comparisons to previously published trophoblast progenitor populations suggest that the side-population trophoblasts isolated in this work are a novel human trophoblast population. Future work will determine whether these cells exhibit functional progenitor/stem cell attributes.
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Uprety, Bhawna, and Heidi Abrahamse. "Targeting Breast Cancer and Their Stem Cell Population through AMPK Activation: Novel Insights." Cells 11, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030576.

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Despite some significant advancements, breast cancer has become the most prevalent cancer in the world. One of the main reasons for failure in treatment and metastasis has been attributed to the presence of cancer initiating cells—cancer stem cells. Consequently, research is now being focussed on targeting cancer cells along with their stem cell population. Non-oncology drugs are gaining increasing attention for their potent anticancer activities. Metformin, a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, is the best example in this regard. It exerts its therapeutic action by activating 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activated AMPK subsequently phosphorylates and targets several cellular pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation and the maintenance of stem-like properties of cancer stem cells. Therefore, AMPK is emerging as a target of choice for developing effective anticancer drugs. Vanadium compounds are well-known PTP inhibitors and AMPK activators. They find extensive applications in treatment of diabetes and obesity via PTP1B inhibition and AMPK-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis. However, their role in targeting cancer stem cells has not been explored yet. This review is an attempt to establish the applications of insulin mimetic vanadium compounds for the treatment of breast cancer by AMPK activation and PTP1B inhibition pathways.
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Boesch, Maximilian, Dominik Wolf, and Sieghart Sopper. "Optimized Stem Cell Detection Using the DyeCycle-Triggered Side Population Phenotype." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1652389.

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Tissue and cancer stem cells are highly attractive target populations for regenerative medicine and novel potentially curative anticancer therapeutics. In order to get a better understanding of stem cell biology and function, it is essential to reproducibly identify these stem cells from biological samples for subsequent characterization or isolation. ABC drug transporter expression is a hallmark of stem cells. This is utilized to identify (cancer) stem cells by exploiting their dye extrusion properties, which is referred to as the “side population assay.” Initially described for high-end flow cytometers equipped with ultraviolet lasers, this technique is now also amenable for a broader scientific community, owing to the increasing availability of violet laser-furnished cytometers and the advent of DyeCycle Violet (DCV). Here, we describe important technical aspects of the DCV-basedside population assayand discuss potential pitfalls and caveats helping scientists to establish a valid and reproducible DCV-basedside population assay. In addition, we investigate the suitability of blue laser-excitable DyeCycle dyes for side population detection. This knowledge will help to improve and standardize detection and isolation of stem cells based on their expression of ABC drug transporters.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Novel stem cell population"

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Boone, Jason Nathaniel. "Characterization of novel neural stem cell populations in the Drosophila central nervous system /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8160.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-88). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Boone, Jason Nathaniel 1976. "Characterization of novel neural stem cell populations in the Drosophila central nervous system." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8160.

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xi, 88 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Neuroblasts are the neural stem cells of the Drosophlia central nervous system. They are large cells that divide asymmetrically to renew another neuroblast and generate a smaller ganglion mother cell (gmc) that will divide once to produce two neurons. Combining genetic lineage tracing experiments with cell fate markers I isolated two separate neural stem cell populations with distinct locations and cellular behaviors in the larval brain. In my first chapter I introduce the central nervous system of Drosophila and in the next two sections of chapter I, I introduce the development of the optic lobe and central brain, two separate structures of the central nervous system. In my second chapter I characterize the lineage relationship of cells within the developing larval optic lobe and use cell fate markers to determine the identity of these cells. Next I examine the effect of spindle orientation on cell fate within epithelial cells of the optic lobe. In my third chapter I characterize another novel neural stem cell lineage in the larval brain containing GMCs with greater proliferation potential than a "canonical" GMC, and I term these, transit amplifying gmcs (TA-GMCs). Further I show that the parent neuroblast of these novel TA-GMCs does not asymmetrically segregate the fate determinant Prospero (Pros) thereby producing a GMC with greater proliferation potential. Finally I show that TA-GMCs do asymmetrically segregate the fate determinant Pros, divide slowly and give rise to up to 10 neurons which normal gmcs never do. In my fourth chapter I show preliminary work on the characterization of a mutation that causes excessive production of neuroblasts specifically in novel TA-GMC lineages. These findings reveal novel neural stem cell lineages, patterns of asymmetric cell division and patterns of neurogenesis that could aid in our understanding of neural stem cell biology and tumorogenesis. This dissertation includes both my previously published and my co-authored materials.
Adviser: Chris Doe
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Mora, Cristina Fuente. "Isolation and characterization of a novel population of potential kidney stem cells from postnatal mouse kidney." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507193.

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AZZONI, EMANUELE. "A novel population of embryonic endothelial derived progenitors contributes to multiple mesodermal lineages during development and muscle regeneration." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/20179.

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Several investigators have reported the isolation of vessel-associated multipotent mesodermal progenitors from diverse dissociated and cultured embryonic, fetal, perinatal and adult tissues. Despite the increasingly recognized medical value of these progenitor cells, among which are mesoangioblasts, these indirect extraction methods have precluded the understanding of their native identity, tissue distribution and frequency. We addressed this question by using a genetic lineage tracing approach. We labelled embryonic VE-Cadherin+ endothelial cells in the E8.5-E9 time window. At embryonic, foetal and perinatal stages, we detected labelled skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and dermis cells originating from embryonic endothelium as part of their in vivo normal developmental fate. We excluded that this contribution derives from a somitic intermediate progenitor. Consistently, we observed a small number of endothelial-derived muscle fibers in the adult skeletal muscle. We also found labelled subsets of pericytes and PICs (PW1+ interstitial progenitors), but we did not detect any labelled satellite cell. Following muscle damage, cells derived from embryonic endothelial progenitors participate to myogenic regenerative response, generating myofibers and macrophages. FACS-isolated endothelial derived cells are myogenic in vitro and are able to differentiate in several mesodermal tissues, including SMA (smooth muscle actin) positive cells, AP (alkaline phosphatase) positive osteoblast-like cells, adipose tissue and endothelial networks. Intra-muscular injection of isolated endothelial derived cells results in colonization and reconstitution of skeletal muscle tissue in both wild type and dystrophic mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that haematopoietic cells originated by endothelial to haematopoietic transition in the yolk sac emerge abluminally from vessels in the body of the embryo and migrate into the mesenchyme. We also identified a novel population of cells that express haematopoietic and mesenchymal markers and are originated by this process. These data suggest the existence of a previously unrecognized endothelial-derived progenitor cell population, which could represent the in vivo counterpart of embryonic mesoangioblasts. These progenitor cells contribute to smooth and skeletal muscle development, as part of their normal fate, and generate cells that persist in the adult life, participating to muscle regeneration.
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Pagliaro, Sarah Beatriz De Oliveira. "Transcriptional control induced by bcr-abl and its role in leukemic stem cell heterogeneity. Single-Cell Transcriptome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Pseudotime Analysis Reveals Evidence of Embryonic and Transitional Stem Cell States Single Cell Transcriptome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Pseudotime Analysis Reveals a Rare Population with Embryonic Stem Cell Features and Druggable Intricated Transitional Stem Cell States A novel neuronal organoid model mimicking glioblastoma (GBM) features from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) Experimental and integrative analyses identify an ETS1 network downstream of BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ032.

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La leucémie myéloïde chronique est une hématopoïèse maligne clonale, caractérisée par l'acquisition de la translocation t (9;22) conduisant au chromosome Ph1 et à son homologue l'oncogène BCR-ABL, dans une cellule souche hématopoïétique très primitive. La LMC est un modèle de thérapies ciblées, car il a été démontré que la preuve de la faisabilité du ciblage de l'activité tyrosine kinase (TK) BCR-ABL à l'aide d'inhibiteurs de TK (TKI) entraîne des réponses et des rémissions majeures. Cependant, les problèmes actuels rencontrés dans ces thérapies sont la résistance des cellules souches leucémiques primitives et leur persistance qui serait liée à l'hétérogénéité des cellules souches au moment du diagnostic, ce qui conduit à la sélection clonale de cellules résistant aux thérapies TKI. J'ai appliqué la technologie de l'analyse du transcriptome des cellule uniques aux cellules de la LMC en utilisant un panel de gènes impliqués dans différentes voies, combinée à l'analyse d'inférence de trajectoire au modèle d'expression des gènes. Les résultats ont montré un état transitoire des cellules souches comprenant des gènes embryonnaires identifiés dans les cellules de la LMC au moment du diagnostic, ce qui pourrait contribuer à la résistance et à la persistance de la LSC. En outre, l'oncoprotéine Bcr-Abl est la tyrosine kinase constitutivement active produite par le gène chimérique BCR-ABL dans la leucémie myéloïde chronique (LMC). Les cibles transcriptionnelles de Bcr-Abl dans les cellules leucémiques n'ont pas été étudiées de manière approfondie. Une expérience de transcriptome utilisant la lignée cellulaire UT7 hématopoïétique exprimant BCR-ABL, a identifié la surexpression du facteur d'élongation eucaryote kinase 2 (eEF2K) qui joue un rôle majeur dans la survie des cellules en cas de privation de nutriments. Dans l'ensemble, les données suggèrent que la surexpression de eEF2K dans la LMC est associée à une sensibilité accrue à la privation de nutriments
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal hematopoietic malignancy, characterized by the acquisition of the t (9;22) translocation leading to Ph1 chromosome and its counterpart BCR-ABL oncogene, in a very primitive hematopoietic stem cell. CML is a model of targeted therapies as the proof of concept of the feasibility of targeting the tyrosine kinase (TK) activity BCR-ABL using TK inhibitors (TKI) has been shown to lead to major responses and remissions. However, the current problems encountered in these therapies are primitive leukemic stem cells resistance and their persistence which is thought to be related to the heterogeneity of the stem cells at diagnosis leading to clonal selection of cells resisting to TKI therapies. I have applied the technology of single cell transcriptome analysis to CML cells using a panel of genes involved in different pathways combined with trajectory inference analysis to the gene expression pattern. The results showed a transitional stem cell states including embryonic genes identified in CML cells at diagnosis which could contribute to LSC resistance and persistence. Furthermore, the oncoprotein Bcr-Abl is the constitutively active tyrosine kinase produced by the chimeric BCR-ABL gene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The transcriptional targets of Bcr-Abl in leukemic cells have not been extensively studied. A transcriptome experiment using the hematopoietic UT7 cell line expressing BCR-ABL, has identified the overexpression of eukaryotic elongation factor kinase 2 (eEF2K) which plays a major role in the survival of cells upon nutrient deprivation. Overall, the data suggest that overexpression of eEF2K in CML is associated with an increased sensitivity to nutrient-deprivation
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Al-Bedhawi, Mohammed Abdalmalek Ali. "Identification and characterisation of a potential adrenocortical stem cell population." Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77850/.

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The adrenal gland is a small endocrine organ with inherent regenerative capacity. Numerous studies proposed a stem cell niche located in the capsule of adrenal cortex. This project investigated mRNA and protein spatial expression of potential stem cell markers in the adrenal cortex. One of these markers (Thy-1) was used to isolate potential stem cells from dispersed primary adrenal cortex cells using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Thy-1 positive cells were monitored while they survived in vitro for over one year. Thy-1 cells were demonstrated to be undifferentiated fibroblastic-like cells with characteristics similar to those of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro such as plastic adherent, can form colonies, the confluent cells have a whirlpool-like formation and the significant (P< 0.05) increase of Thy-1 expression during cultivation in vitro. Thy-1 positive cells showed the expression of other stem cell markers such as Wt1, Etv5 and ID4. The monitoring of Thy-1 positive cells behavioural changes in vitro showed slow division rate, slow cell migration and the coexistence of senescent cells in their early months of cultivation. In comparison, in the late months of cultivation, the cells showed a significant (P< 0.05) increase in cell division rate and cell migration similar to cancer cell behaviour in vitro. As these cells were generally undifferentiated and they have characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, differentiation attempts were first conducted using external differentiation factors (forskolin, ACTH and AT20 cell line media). However, the results showed non-significant responses to these treatments. The second differentiation experiments were conducted by forcing expression of Sf1 protein in Thy-1 positive cells using a cloning vector. Transfection with Sf1caused a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in ID4 mRNA expression and significantly (P< 0.05) elevated the expression of the progenitor marker Gli1 and the expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes (Cyp11A1 and 3βHSD) consistent with previous reports for several mesenchymal stem cell types.
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Okas, Mantas. "Novel immunotherapeutical strategies in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation /." Stockholm : Department of laboratory medicine, Karolinska institutet, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-934-8/.

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Cowan, Scott. "Characterisation of a novel pluripotent stem cell survival compound." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4920/.

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Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) such as human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are incredibly valuable tools for investigations within a number of scientific fields including developmental biology, toxicology, pharmacology and perhaps most importantly, regenerative medicine. HPSC have an unlimited capacity for self-renewal which allows the expansion of clinically relevant cell numbers from a relatively small supply of starting material. Furthermore, hPSC are pluripotent, meaning they retain the capacity to differentiate into all the somatic cell types within the human body. In order for the huge potential of hPSC to be realised, many hurdles must first be overcome. The most basic of these is the development of consistent and scalable culture systems that allow sufficient expansion of hPSC without the loss of the stem cell identity. Critical to this matter is the susceptibility of hPSC to apoptosis upon enzymatic disaggregation wherein approximately 80% of hPSC begin the process of apoptosis. Recent efforts to overcome this issue have focussed on the Rho associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632. However there is increasing evidence that the use of Y27632 can lead to an increased risk of karyotypic instability, a decrease in proliferative capacity and a reduced capacity to differentiate in to specific cell types such as haematopoietic cell types. The work presented within this thesis describes the characterisation of T16, a novel hPSC survival compound which does not inhibit ROCK and has novel mechanism of action.
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Webb, William Richard. "Novel stem cell and PHBHHx approaches to tendon repair." Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/1216/.

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Tendon injuries continue to be a financial burden on the health care system of many western countries, whilst also remaining common and a significant challenge within the orthopaedic discipline with no consensus of opinion on the best therapeutic regime to be employed. Many polymers have been investigated for use in tendon repair. A range of polymers have shown good integration with limited immune response. However, to date no implant has been capable of delivering the physical properties observed in native undamaged tendon. Many of the polymers implanted have resulted in re-rupture or reduced mechanical function. Therefore, improvements are required in the choice of polymer and mechanical properties of the polymer are required. One means of achieving such improvements is to utilise co-polymers such as PHBHHx, which have shown favourable elastic properties when the ratio of HHx to PHB has been increased. Therefore, a PHBHHx polymer based scaffold was investigated as a potential scaffold for tendon repair. Whilst, also investigating the potential of FGF-4, FGF-6 and FGF-8 to differentiate both human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells towards a tenocyte-like lineage. Finally, an investigation into whether a controlled production of PHBHHx based nanoparticles could produce different nanoparticles sizes that can be predicted and result in differing release profiles. This may allow for the synthesis of size controlled nanoparticles capable of delivering differing drug concentrations and sustained release properties.
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Sutton, Catherine Anne. "Identifying novel cell surface markers for bone marrow stem cell sub-sets." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557971.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease which affects hyaline cartilage within the joint and leads to severe pain for the patient. Chondrocytes within the cartilage of OA patients have a limited capability to repair lesions in the tissue and as a result, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) which have the ability to differentiate into cartilage, are being investigated for cell- based therapies for OA. One restriction for the use of BMSCs in clinical trials is the rarity and heterogeneity of the starting population. It is therefore important to identify cell surface markers for BMSCs which produce a high quality cartilage matrix after many population doublings in vitro. Tissue engineered cartilage produced by BMSCs from OA patients at early and late passage after thawing was analysed and compared and it was found that the amount and quality of cartilage matrix was significantly reduced at late passage. To identify the most chondrogenic cells, individual BMSCs were sorted from five OA patients using flow cytometry, cultured for 20 population doublings and assessed for their cartilage tissue engineering capacity. BMSC clones which produced high quality tissue engineered cartilage were compared with BMSCs which produced a low quality cartilage using microarray analysis to find the genetic identities of the different populations. These markers were tested at the protein level using flow cytometric analysis and one protein, HLA DR was identified as a potential marker for poorly chondrogenic BMSCs. HLA DR positive cells were stably removed from the whole population and removal of these cells did not affect the quality of tissue engineered cartilage produced. Two protein markers for the most chondrogenic BMSCs were identified and investigated, FGFR-2 and ROR-2. There were no significant differences in the quality of tissue engineered cartilage produced by FGFR2 positive and negative populations. ROR-2 expression increased in culture as cells became confluent and cells cultured at a high cell density expressing increased ROR-2 had a trend to produce higher quality tissue engineered cartilage than those cultured at low density before chondrogenic analysis. These results highlight the heterogeneity in the cartilage producing capabilities of the BMSC population at the level of the individual cell and document the discovery of ROR-2 as a potential marker for a BMSC population which could be utilised in trials of BMSC based therapies for OA in the future.
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Books on the topic "Novel stem cell population"

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Fruehauf, Stefan, W. Jens Zeller, and Gary Calandra, eds. Novel Developments in Stem Cell Mobilization. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1960-0.

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Humphrey, Richard A. Embryo factory: The stem cell wars : a novel. Eugene, OR: ACW Press, 2003.

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Cairnie, A. B. Stem Cells of Renewing Cell Population. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.

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Novel Developments In Stem Cell Mobilization Focus On Cxcr4. Springer, 2012.

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Fruehauf, Stefan, W. Jens Zeller, and Gary Calandra. Novel Developments in Stem Cell Mobilization: Focus on CXCR4. Springer, 2012.

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Fruehauf, Stefan, W. Jens Zeller, and Gary Calandra. Novel Developments in Stem Cell Mobilization: Focus on CXCR4. Springer, 2014.

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Fruehauf, Stefan, W. Jens Zeller, and Gary Calandra. Novel Developments in Stem Cell Mobilization: Focus on CXCR4. Springer, 2012.

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Novel Perspectives of Stem Cell Manufacturing and Therapies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82986.

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Ho, Jason Chung-Sheung. Identification of a novel stem cell specific candidate silencer element in retrovirus vectors. 2005.

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Atta-ur-Rahman and Khurshid Zaman, eds. Topics in Anti-Cancer Research: Volume 8. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898114043821190801.

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Topics in Anti-Cancer Research covers new developments in the field of cancer. Novel drugs as anticancer agents include natural and synthetic phenazines and other anti-cancer compounds. It also encompasses the role of estrogen as endocrine disruptors and strategies targeting cancer stem cells for the treatment of different types of cancers, including myeloma and renal cell cancer. The diversity of researches and topics published in this eBook Series will be valuable to cancer researchers, clinicians, and cancer professionals aiming to develop novel anti-cancer targets for the treatment of various cancers. The topics covered in the eighth volume of this series are as follows: Novel Drugs for Multiple Myeloma Synthetic Estrogens are Endocrine Disruptors via Inhibition of AF1 Domain of ERs Recent Progress of Phenazines as Anticancer Agents Cancer Stem Cell Targeting for Anticancer Therapy: Strategies and Challenges
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Book chapters on the topic "Novel stem cell population"

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Fruehauf, Stefan, Timon Seeger, and Julian Topaly. "Novel Strategies for the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells." In Stem Cell Transplantation, 55–71. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527608745.ch4.

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Tanaka, Motomu. "In Vitro Dynamic Phenotyping for Testing Novel Mobilizing Agents." In Stem Cell Mobilization, 11–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9574-5_2.

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Task, Keith, and Ipsita Banerjee. "Cell Population Model to Track Stochastic Cellular Decision-Making During Differentiation." In Computational Stem Cell Biology, 53–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9224-9_3.

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MacKenzie, Amy R., Matias E. Valsecchi, and Neal Flomenberg. "The Current Role of Plerixafor in Stem Cell Mobilization for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." In Novel Developments in Stem Cell Mobilization, 103–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1960-0_7.

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Goldstein, Steven C., and Selina Luger. "Concepts and Controversies in the Use of Novel Preparative Regimens for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation." In Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, 441–58. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-478-0_25.

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Liao, Ronglih, Frederic Mouquet, and Otmar Pfister. "Cardiac Side Population Cells: Phenotype and Functional Significance." In Cardiovascular Regeneration and Stem Cell Therapy, 69–75. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470988909.ch8.

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Telford, William G. "Stem Cell Identification by DyeCycle Violet Side Population Analysis." In Basic Cell Culture Protocols, 163–79. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-128-8_11.

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Broxmeyer, Hal E. "Preclinical Experience with AMD3100 for Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells." In Novel Developments in Stem Cell Mobilization, 3–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1960-0_1.

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Fruehauf, Stefan, Anthony D. Ho, Jessie Hanrahan, Frank J. Hsu, and John F. DiPersio. "Relevance and Clinical Implications of Tumor Cell Mobilization in Autologous Transplantation of Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma." In Novel Developments in Stem Cell Mobilization, 201–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1960-0_10.

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Fresen, Maximilian M., and Kai Hübel. "Plerixafor: Data from the Compassionate Use Program." In Novel Developments in Stem Cell Mobilization, 221–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1960-0_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Novel stem cell population"

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Hegab, Ahmed E., Vi Luan Ha, Jennifer L. Gilbert, Kelvin X. Zhang, Stephen Malkoski, Bharti Bisht, Aik Ooi, Matteo Pellegrini, Derek W. Nickerson, and Brigitte N. Gomperts. "A Novel Stem/Progenitor Cell Population From Murine Tracheal Submucosal Gland Ducts With Multipotent Regenerative Potential." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a6391.

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Uno, Yuko, Hideki Moriyama, Shigeki Kashimoto, Mari Masuda, Masaaki Sawa, and Tesshi Yamada. "Abstract B146: A novel TNIK inhibitor potently downregulates cancer stem cell population through attenuation of Wnt signaling." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; October 26-30, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-b146.

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Cober, N. D., R. Soares Godoy, D. P. Cook, E. McCourt, Y. Deng, L. Wang, K. Schlosser, K. Rowe, and D. J. Stewart. "Identification by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of a Novel Endothelial Stem Cell Population Mediating Lung Microvascular Regeneration by an Apelin-Dependent Mechanism." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a5305.

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Mitra, Abhisek, Arun Satelli, Xueqing Xia, and Shulin Li. "Abstract 1924: Discovery and characterization of EMT positive and chemo-resistant novel population of HCC like stem cells." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1924.

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Rahal, OM, JMP Pabona, Y. Su, RS Fox, L. Hennings, T. Rogers, S. Nagarajan, and RCM Simmen. "Abstract PD02-03: Regulation of Mammary Stem Cell Population with Dietary Intake of Soy Protein Isolate Reveals Novel Mechanisms for Diet-Mediated Control of Mammary Tumorigenesis." In Abstracts: Thirty-Third Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 8‐12, 2010; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-pd02-03.

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Guenther, MG, AW Lambert, MW Chen, C. Fiore, M. Eaton, D. Orlando, B. Bierie, RA Weinberg, CC Fritz, and ER Olson. "Abstract P2-04-03: Epigenomic analysis of cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) populations reveals gene regulatory circuitry and novel tumor cell vulnerabilities." In Abstracts: 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 5-9, 2017; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-04-03.

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Gilbert, Samuel F., Mikella Robinson, Logan A. Alexander, Omar Lujano-Olazaba, Jacqueline M. Lara, Jennifer A. Waters, Omid Patrus, Alex Horkowitz, and Carrie D. House. "Abstract 4941: Identification and isolation of ovarian cancer stem cell populations using a novel functional reporter may provide new insights into ovarian cancer cell dynamics and drug resistance." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-4941.

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Kawai, Mariko, Noriyuki Nagaoka, Yasuhiro Yoshida, and Kiyoshi Ohura. "Cell Population of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Micro-patterned Titanium." In The 2nd World Congress on Recent Advances in Nanotechnology. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/nddte17.111.

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Youfang Cao, C. Liang, H. Naveed, Yingzi Li, Meng Chen, and Qing Nie. "Modeling spatial population dynamics of stem cell lineage in tissue growth." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6347240.

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Cui, Tiantian, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Chunhua Han, Zhiqin Gao, Xiaoli Zhang, Altaf A. Wani, and Qi-En Wang. "Abstract 4784: Regulation of ovarian cancer stem cell population by DDB2." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4784.

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Reports on the topic "Novel stem cell population"

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Latimer, Jean J. A New Paradigm for African American Breast Cancer Involving Stem Cell Differentiation in a Novel Cell Culture System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462736.

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Schomberg, David W. Co-expression of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor and Stem Cell Markers: A Novel Approach to Target Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574853.

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Schomberg, David W. Co-expression of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor and Stem Cell Markers: A Novel Approach to Target Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601386.

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Lee, Adrian V. Novel Transgenic Mouse Model for Testing the Effect of Circulating IGF-I on Mammary Stem/Progenitor Cell Number and Tumorigenesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494145.

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Lee, Adrian V. Novel Transgenic Mouse Model for Testing the Effect of Circulating IGF-I on Mammary Stem/Progenitor Cell Number and Tumorigenesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474677.

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Petitte, James, Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi, and Malka Ginsburg. The Study of Primordial Germ Cell Development as a Tool for Gene Transfer in Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7561071.bard.

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The ability to introduce novel genetic material into the genome of commercial poultry has been impeded by a lack of kowledge regarding the origin in the early embryo of the target cell of interest, namely, the germ cell. Hence, this project investigated the emergence of primordial germ cells (PGCs) during the early development of the avian embryo to aid in efforts to produce transgenic poultry on a routine basis. The strategy was to introduce foreign DNA into the area of the unincubated embryo that is destined to give rise to the germ line. The objectives of this project were: 1) to identify and localize a subpopulation of cells in the early embryo which will give rise to PGCs, 2) to determine the best location and stage of development to transfer donor cells for efficient germline chimerism, and 3) to transfect donor cells to produce transgenic/germline chimeric embryos. We show that by using the monoclonal antibody SSEA-1 and by various cell culture techniques that germ cells appear to segregate from the somatic lineages at St. X., a process that is gradual and continues through St. XIV. Using microsurgical transplantation between quail and chick embryos, we demonstrated that the inner 1/3 of the area pellucida between states X-XII gives rise to about 2/3 of the germ cell population at the time of their residence in the germinal crescent. Because of the non-localized emergence of PGCs, attempts to introduce foreign DNA into clonal precursors of germ cells through liposome-mediated transfection yielded unacceptable levels of efficiency. However, through our investigation of germ cell origins, an in vitro model of germ cell differentiation was developed that could offer a means of determining the factors required for the long term culture of avian PGCs thereby providing a convenient means of manipulating the avian genome.
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Fahima, Tzion, and Jorge Dubcovsky. Map-based cloning of the novel stripe rust resistance gene YrG303 and its use to engineer 1B chromosome with multiple beneficial traits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598147.bard.

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Research problem: Bread wheat (Triticumaestivum) provides approximately 20% of the calories and proteins consumed by humankind. As the world population continues to increase, it is necessary to improve wheat yields, increase grain quality, and minimize the losses produced by biotic and abiotic stresses. Stripe rust, caused by Pucciniastriiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. The new pathogen races are more virulent and aggressive than previous ones and have produced large economic losses. A rich source for stripe-rust resistance genes (Yr) was found in wild emmer wheat populations from Israel. Original Project goals: Our long term goal is to identify, map, clone, characterize and deploy in breeding, novel wild emmer Yr genes, and combine them with multiple beneficial traits. The current study was aiming to map and clone YrG303 and Yr15, located on chromosome 1BS and combine them with drought resistance and grain quality genes. Positional cloning of YrG303/Yr15: Fine mapping of these genes revealed that YrG303 is actually allelic to Yr15. Fine genetic mapping using large segregating populations resulted in reduction of the genetic interval spanning Yr15 to less than 0.1 cM. Physical mapping of the YrG303/Yr15 locus was based on the complete chromosome 1BS physical map of wheat constructed by our group. Screening of 1BS BAC library with Yr15 markers revealed a long BAC scaffold covering the target region. The screening of T. dicoccoidesaccession-specific BAC library with Yr15 markers resulted in direct landing on the target site. Sequencing of T. dicoccoidesBAC clones that cover the YrG303/Yr15 locus revealed a single candidate gene (CG) with conserved domains that may indicate a role in disease resistance response. Validation of the CG was carried out using EMS mutagenesis (loss-of- function approach). Sequencing of the CG in susceptible yr15/yrG303 plants revealed three independent mutants that harbour non-functional yr15/yrG303 alleles within the CG conserved domains, and therefore validated its function as a Pstresistance gene. Evaluation of marker-assisted-selection (MAS) for Yr15. Introgressions of Yr15 into cultivated wheat are widely used now. Recently, we have shown that DNA markers linked to Yr15 can be used as efficient tools for introgression of Yr15 into cultivated wheat via MAS. The developed markers were consistent and polymorphic in all 34 tested introgressions and are the most recommended markers for the introgression of Yr15. These markers will facilitate simultaneous selection for multiple Yr genes and help to avoid escapees during the selection process. Engineering of improved chromosome 1BS that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We have implemented the knowledge and genetic resources accumulated in this project for the engineering of 1B "super-chromosome" that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We completed the generation of a chromosome including the rye 1RS distal segment associated with improved drought tolerance with the Yr gene, Yr15, and the strong gluten allele 7Bx-over-expressor (7Bxᴼᴱ). We have completed the introgression of this improved chromosome into our recently released variety Patwin-515HP and our rain fed variety Kern, as well as to our top breeding lines UC1767 and UC1745. Elucidating the mechanism of resistance exhibited by Yr36 (WKS1). The WHEAT KINASE START1 (WKS1) resistance gene (Yr36) confers partial resistance to Pst. We have shown that wheat plants transformed with WKS1 transcript are resistant to Pst. WKS1 is targeted to the chloroplast where it phosphorylates the thylakoid-associatedascorbateperoxidase (tAPX) and reduces its ability to detoxify peroxides. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylation of tAPX by WKS1 reduces the ability of the cells to detoxify ROS and contributes to cell death. Distribution and diversity of WKS in wild emmer populations. We have shown that WKS1 is present only in the southern distribution range of wild emmer in the Fertile Crescent. Sequence analysis revealed a high level of WKS1 conservation among wild emmer populations, in contrast to the high level of diversity observed in NB-LRR genes. This phenomenon shed some light on the evolution of genes that confer partial resistance to Pst. Three new WKS1 haplotypes displayed a resistance response, suggesting that they can be useful to improve wheat resistance to Pst. In summary, we have improved our understanding of cereals’ resistance mechanisms to rusts and we have used that knowledge to develop improved wheat varieties.
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Moran, Nava, Richard Crain, and Wolf-Dieter Reiter. Regulation by Light of Plant Potassium Uptake through K Channels: Biochemical, Physiological and Biophysical Study. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571356.bard.

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The swelling of plant motor cells is regulated by various signals with almost unknown mediators. One of the obligatory steps in the signaling cascade is the activation of K+-influx channels -K+ channels activated by hyperpolarization (KH channels). We thus explored the regulation of these channels in our model system, motor cell protoplasts from Samanea saman, using patch-clamp in the "whole cell" configuration. (a) The most novel finding was that the activity of KH channels in situ varied with the time of the day, in positive correlation with cell swelling: in Extensor cells KH channels were active in the earlier part of the day, while in Flexor cells only during the later part of the day; (b) High internal pH promoted the activity of these channels in Extensor cells, opposite to the behavior of the equivalent channels in guard cells, but in conformity with the predicted behavior of the putative KH channel, cloned from S. saman recently; (c) HIgh external K+ concentration increased (KH channel currents in Flexor cells. BL depolarized the Flexor cells, as detected in cell-attached patch-clamp recording, using KD channels (the K+-efflux channels) as "voltage-sensing devices". Subsequent Red-Light (RL) pulse followed by Darkness, hyperpolarized the cell. We attribute these changes to the inhibition of the H+-pump by BL and its reactivation by RL, as they were abolished by an H+-pump inhibitor. BL increased also the activity KD channels, in a voltage-independent manner - in all probability by an independent signaling pathway. Blue-Light (BL), which stimulates shrinking of Flexor cells, evoked the IP3 signaling cascade (detected directly by IP3 binding assay), known to mobilize cytosolic Ca2+. Nevertheless, cytosolic Ca2+ . did not activate the KD channel in excised, inside-out patches. In this study we established a close functional similarity of the KD channels between Flexor and Extensior cells. Thus the differences in their responses must stem from different links to signaling in both cell types.
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Bray, Elizabeth, Zvi Lerner, and Alexander Poljakoff-Mayber. The Role of Phytohormones in the Response of Plants to Salinity Stress. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7613007.bard.

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Salinity is an increasing problem in many irrigated areas of crop production and is a significant factor in reducing crop productivity. Developmental, physiological, and molecular responses to salinity were studied in order to improve our understanding of these responses. Improvements in our understanding of plant responses to salinity are necessary in order to develop crops with improved salt tolerance. Previously, in Israel, it was shown that Sorghum biccolor can adapt to an otherwise lethal concentration of NaCl. These experiments were refined and it was shown that there is a specific window of development in which this adaption can occur. Past the window of development, Sorghum plants can not be adapted. In addition, the ability to adapt is not present in all genotypes of Sorghum. Cultivars that adapt have an increased coefficient of variation for many of the physiological parameters measured during the mid-phase of adaptation. Therefore, it is possible that the adaptation process does not occur identically in the entire population. A novel gene was identified, isolated and characterized from Sorghum that is induced in roots in response to salinity. This gene is expressed in roots in response to salt treatments, but it is not salt-induced in leaves. In leaves, the gene is expressed without a salt treatment. The gene encodes a proline-rich protein with a novel proline repeat, PEPK, repeated more than 50 times. An antibody produced to the PEPK repeat was used to show that the PEPK protein is present in the endodermal cell wall of the root during salt treatments. In the leaves, the protein is also found predominantly in the cell wall and is present mainly in the mesophyll cells. It is proposed that this protein is involved in the maintenance of solute concentration.
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Zhao, Bingyu, Saul Burdman, Ronald Walcott, and Gregory E. Welbaum. Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Cucurbits Using the Maize Non-Host Disease Resistance Gene Rxo1. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699843.bard.

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The specific objectives of this BARD proposal were: (1) To determine whether Rxol can recognize AacavrRxo1 to trigger BFB disease resistance in stable transgenic watermelon plants. (2) To determine the distribution of Aac-avrRxo1 in a global population of Aae and to characterize the biological function of Aac-avrRxo1. (3) To characterize other TIS effectors of Aae and to identify plant R gene(s) that can recognize conserved TIS effectors of this pathogen. Background to the topic: Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aae), is a devastating disease that affects watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and melon (Cucumis melo) production worldwide, including both Israel and USA. Two major groups of Aae strains have been classified based on their virulence on host plants, genetics and biochemical properties. Thus far, no effective resistance genes have been identified from cucurbit germplasm. In this project, we assessed the applicability of a non-host disease resistance gene, Rxol, to control BFB in watermelon. We also tried to identify Aae type III secreted (TIS) effectors that can be used as molecular probes to identify novel disease resistance genes in both cucurbits and Nieotianatabaeum. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We generated five independent transgenic watermelon (cv. Sugar Babay) plants expressing the Rxol gene. The transgenic plants were evaluated with Aae strains AAC001 and M6 under growth chamber conditions. All transgenic plants were found to be susceptible to both Aae strains. It is possible that watermelon is missing other signaling components that are required for Rxol-mediated disease resistance. In order to screen for novel BFB resistance genes, we inoculated two Aae strains on 60 Nieotiana species. Our disease assay revealed Nicotiana tabaeum is completely resistant to Aae, while its wild relative N. benthamiana is susceptible to Aae. We further demonstrated that Nieotiana benthamiana can be used as a surrogate host for studying the mechanisms of pathogenesis of Aae. We cloned 11 TIS effector genes including the avrRxolhomologues from the genomes of 22 Aae strains collected worldwide. Sequencing analysis revealed that functional avrRxol is conserved in group" but not group I Aae strains. Three effector genes- Aave_1548, Aave_2166 and Aave_2708- possessed the ability to trigger an HR response in N. tabacum when they were transiently expressed by Agrobaeterium. We conclude that N. tabacum carries at least three different non-host resistance genes that can specifically recognize AaeTIS effectors to trigger non-host resistance. Screening 522 cucurbits genotypes with two Aae strains led us to identify two germplasm (P1536473 and P1273650) that are partially resistant to Aae. Interestingly, transient expression of the TIS effector, Aave_1548, in the two germplasms also triggered HR-Iike cell death, which suggests the two lines may carry disease resistance genes that can recognize Aave_1548. Importantly, we also demonstrated that this effector contributes to the virulence of the bacterium in susceptible plants. Therefore, R genes that recognize effector Aave1548 have great potential for breeding for BFB resistance. To better understand the genome diversity of Aae strains, we generated a draft genome sequence of the Israeli Aae strain, M6 (Group I) using Iliumina technology. Comparative analysis of whole genomes of AAC001, and M6 allowed us to identify several effectors genes that differentiate groups I and II. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The diversity of TIS effectors in group I and II strains of Aae suggests that a subset of effectors could contribute to the host range of group I and II Aae strains. Analysis of these key effectors in a larger Aae population may allow us to predict which cucurbit hosts may be at risk to BFB. Additionally, isolation of tobacco and cucurbit Rgenes that can recognize Aae type III effectors may offer new genetic resources for controlling BFB.
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