Academic literature on the topic 'Novel Polymeric Additives'
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Journal articles on the topic "Novel Polymeric Additives"
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Koukoumtzis, Vasilis, Georgia C. Lainioti, George A. Voyiatzis, and Joannis K. Kallitsis. "Novel Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Polymeric Coatings Containing Phosphonium or Acidic Groups for Improving Flame Retardancy of Wood." Coatings 13, no. 4 (April 9, 2023): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040754.
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Flame-retardant polymeric coatings with high limiting oxygen index (LOI) were prepared by combining inorganic mineral huntite (H5) and polymeric additives synthesized in the present work into a polymeric formulation. In order to improve the dispersion of the Mg- (and Ca)-based H5 particles, additives containing phosphonium and acidic groups were employed to homogenize the inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix. Specific blend combinations of the commercial matrix Ecrovin® LV 340 eco with huntite and the additives poly(benzyltriphenylphosphonium-co-4-styrene sulfonic acid) P(SSH-co-SSBTPB60) and poly(hexadecyltributylphosphonium-co-4-styrene sulfonic acid) P(SSH-co-SSTBHDPB80), combining acidic and phosphonium groups, led to LOI values of 34.5% and 33.5%, respectively. The novel flame-retardant polymeric coatings inhibited the combustion of the coated wood substrates, which is attributed to the combination of acidic groups that promote the dispersion of inorganic filler in the polymer matrix and phosphonium groups that support the increase in LOI values.
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Nasrollahi, Nazanin, Leila Ghalamchi, Vahid Vatanpour, Alireza Khataee, and Maryam Yousefpoor. "Novel polymeric additives in the preparation and modification of polymeric membranes: A comprehensive review." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 109 (May 2022): 100–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.036.
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Theodore, Ares N., and Mohinder S. Chattha. "Novel polymeric additives for neutralization of acids in engine oils." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development 25, no. 1 (March 1986): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i300021a011.
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Suleiman, Rami K., Akeem Y. Adesina, Arumugam Madhan Kumar, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, Fadi A. Al-Badour, and Bassam El Ali. "Anticorrosion Properties of a Novel Hybrid Sol–Gel Coating on Aluminum 3003 Alloy." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091798.
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In this study, a novel hybrid sol–gel coating on AA3003 substrate was developed and the effects of various waste material additives on the reinforcement of the sol–gel coating and the anticorrosion properties in the saline medium were investigated. Egg shell, crumb rubber, activated carbon obtained for pyrolysis of waste rubber tire, waste rubber tire, cement kiln dust, and ST100 additives were tested as reinforcement materials. The AFM characterization results of the coating formulations on AA3003 alloy revealed enhanced roughness values for the modified coatings as compared to the base coating. Similarly, no significant changes were detected in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption peaks of the hybrid polymeric material upon loading it with the waste additives, while slight changes in the hydrophobic properties of the final modified coatings were observed as a result of the modification process. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that the hybrid sol–gel coating had a promising potential for the protection of the AA3003 substrate against corrosion in the saline medium. However, the loaded additives negatively affected the corrosion resistance properties of the parent hybrid sol–gel coating. For instance, the egg shell additive had the least negative effect on the barrier properties, whereas the cured coating layer of the sample loaded with cement and clay additives showed some disintegration, inhomogeneity, and low barrier properties on the metal surface.
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Gedan-Smolka, Michaela, Katrin Schubert, Antje Täger, and Hagen Marks. "Matrix Bondable Antistatic Additives for Fiber Reinforced Thermosets." Solid State Phenomena 267 (October 2017): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.267.114.
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For electrostatic coating application Sheet Molding Composites (SMC) have to be modified antistatically. By a novel approach several monomeric and polymeric ionic substances were incorporated into the duromeric bulk phase and tested in terms of its antistatic effectiveness. Furthermore the influence of selected additives on the SMC thickening and molding procedure as well as resulting mechanical properties of modified SMC-panels and the powder coating application were studied.
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Fu, Hongyuan, Caiying Chen, Huanyi Zha, Du Yuan, Qian-Feng Gao, Ling Zeng, and Chuankun Jia. "Hydrophobic Polymeric Additives toward a Long-Term Robust Carbonaceous Mudstone Slope." Polymers 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050802.
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Slopes with carbonaceous mudstone (CM) are widely distributed in the southwest of China and have experienced numerous geological disasters in special climate, especially in rainfall conditions. Therefore, novel materials to stabilize CM slopes have attracted increasing interests. However, developing ultra-stable and cost-effective additives for CM slopes is still a great challenge. Herein, a hydrophobic polymeric material (polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF) is investigated as an additive to enhance the mechanical strength and long-time stability of CM slopes. The PVDF is uniformly dispersed in CM matrix via interfacial interaction. The contact angle of the PVDF-modified carbonaceous mudstone (PVDF-MCM) can reach as high as 103.95°, indicating an excellent hydrophobicity. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and tensile strength (TS) of PVDF-MCM have been intensively enhanced to 4.07 MPa and 1.96 MPa, respectively, compared with ~0 MPa of pristine CM. Moreover, the UCS and TS of PVDF-MCM remain at 3.24 MPa and 1.03 MPa even after curing for 28 days in high humidity conditions. Our findings show that the PVDF can improve the hydrophobicity of CM significantly, which leads to super mechanical stability of PVDF-MCM. The excellent performance makes PVDF a promising additive for the development of ultra-stable, long-lifetime and cost-effective carbonaceous mudstone slopes.
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Pötsche, Ing Petra, A. Janke Leibniz, A. A. Bhattacharyya, and H. Goering. "Composites Made from Thermoplastic Polymers with Carbon Nanotubes." International Polymer Science and Technology 32, no. 6 (June 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0503200601.
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Carbon nanotubes are novel nanoscaled additives with excellent electrical and mechanical properties that make them suitable for endowing polymeric materials with conductivity and for mechanical reinforcement even in very low amounts. This paper describes possibilities for their incorporation in polymers by means of melt processing.
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Valdes-Vidal, Gonzalo, Alejandra Calabi-Floody, Cristian Mignolet-Garrido, and Cristobal Bravo-Espinoza. "Enhancing Fatigue Resistance in Asphalt Mixtures with a Novel Additive Derived from Recycled Polymeric Fibers from End-of-Life Tyres (ELTs)." Polymers 16, no. 3 (January 30, 2024): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16030385.
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Waste-tire textile fibers (WTTF) represent a challenge for the recycling industry since there are currently very few alternatives for their use. In this study, an evaluation of the effect of a new additive developed in two granular formats from WTTF on the fatigue behavior of asphalt mixtures was performed. For the first format of the WTTF-based additive, its effect was evaluated on hot-mix asphalt (HMA), while for the second format of the additive, the effects were evaluated on stone mastic asphalt (SMA). This second format represents an alternative that allows for the total replacement of the cellulose stabilizing additive used in the reference mix. The evaluation of fatigue damage in the mixes was performed using the four-point bending beam (4PB) test specified in European standard EN 12697-24. The test results show that the asphalt mixtures manufactured with WTTF-based additives exhibited a higher capacity to resist load cycles before failure compared to the reference mixtures. Likewise, once the asphalt mixtures were evaluated in a pavement structure by means of an empirical mechanistic analysis, the pavement structures composed of asphalt mixtures with WTTF-based additives showed significant improvements in their durability for the different load axes evaluated. For an average thickness of 15 cm of asphalt mix of a pavement-type structure, the use of the WTTF additive increases the durability of the structures by up to 129% and 112% compared to the HMA and SMA reference mixtures, respectively. These results show that both formats of the WTTF-based admixture improve the fatigue damage resistance of the HMA and SMA asphalt mixtures.
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Thakur, Shubham, Amrinder Singh, Ritika Sharma, Rohan Aurora, and Subheet Kumar Jain. "Biosurfactants as a Novel Additive in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Current Trends and Future Implications." Current Drug Metabolism 21, no. 11 (December 29, 2020): 885–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200221666201008143238.
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Background: Surfactants are an important category of additives that are used widely in most of the formulations as solubilizers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. Current drug delivery systems comprise of numerous synthetic surfactants (such as Cremophor EL, polysorbate 80, Transcutol-P), which are associated with several side effects though used in many formulations. Therefore, to attenuate the problems associated with conventional surfactants, a new generation of surface-active agents is obtained from the metabolites of fungi, yeast, and bacteria, which are termed as biosurfactants. Objectives: In this article, we critically analyze the different types of biosurfactants, their origin along with their chemical and physical properties, advantages, drawbacks, regulatory status, and detailed pharmaceutical applications. Methods: 243 papers were reviewed and included in this review. Results: Briefly, Biosurfactants are classified as glycolipids, rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, trehalolipids, surfactin, lipopeptides & lipoproteins, lichenysin, fatty acids, phospholipids, and polymeric biosurfactants. These are amphiphilic biomolecules with lipophilic and hydrophilic ends and are used as drug delivery vehicles (foaming, solubilizer, detergent, and emulsifier) in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite additives, they have some biological activity as well (anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, P-gp inhibition, etc.). These biomolecules possess better safety profiles and are biocompatible, biodegradable, and specific at different temperatures. Conclusion: Biosurfactants exhibit good biomedicine and additive properties that can be used in developing novel drug delivery systems. However, more research should be driven due to the lack of comprehensive toxicity testing and high production cost which limits their use.
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Li, Xinyu, Zhongxin Zhang, Zheng Xie, Xinrui Guo, Tianjian Yang, Zhongli Li, Mei Tu, and Huaxin Rao. "High Performance and Self-Humidifying of Novel Cross-Linked and Nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polysulfone." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050841.
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The introduction of inorganic additive or nanoparticles into fluorine-free proton exchange membranes (PEMs) can improve proton conductivity and have considerable effects on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Based on the sol–gel method and in situ polycondensation, novel cross-linked PEM and nanocomposite PEMs based on a sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) matrix were prepared by introducing graphene oxide (GO) polymeric brushes and incorporating Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles into an SPSU matrix, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles could obviously enhance self-humidifying and thermal stability. In addition, GO polymer brushes fixed on polymeric PEM by forming a cross-linked network structure could not only solve the leakage of inorganic additives during use and compatibility problem with organic polymers, but also significantly improve proton conductivity and reduce methanol permeability of the nanocomposite PEM. Proton conductivity, water uptake and methanol permeability of the nanocomposite PEM can be up to 6.93 mS cm−1, 46.58% and be as low as 1.4157 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, respectively, which represent increases of about 70%, about 22% and a decrease of about 40%, respectively, compared with that of primary SPSU. Therefore, the synergic action of the covalent cross-linking, GO polymer brush and nanoparticles can significantly and simultaneously improve the overall performance of the composite PEM.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Novel Polymeric Additives"
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Talukdar, Sujit. "Novel polymeric additives for modifying the performance of Lubricating oil." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2676.
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Buono, Pietro. "Chemical modification of lignin for the elaboration of novel biobased aromatic polymers and additives." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE015/document.
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Parmi les composants de la biomasse, la lignine est considérée comme l'un des plus prometteurs polymères naturels qui convient à la conversion de la biomasse en valable produits chimiques et matériaux. Malgré une grande quantité de lignine est générée dans l'industrie papetière, seule 2% est exploitée dans l'industrie chimique. La présence de soufre et la grande diversité moléculaire sont les principaux obstacles pour l'utilisation de la lignine. La modification chimique a été reconnue comme un outil pour contourner ces limites. Dans cette thèse, différentes stratégies de synthèse ont été appliquées pour introduire de nouveaux groupes chimiques sur une soude lignine que présents une haute fonctionnalisation de groups hydroxyles. Les dérivés correspondants de lignine ont été utilisés soit pour l’élaboration des matériaux par click polymérisations, soit pour augmenter l’hydrophobicité de la lignine à la fine de faciliter son traitement avec des matrices polymériquesAmong biomass components, lignin is considered one of the most promising natural polymers suitable for the conversion of biomass into renewable added-value chemicals and materials. However, large amount of lignin generated from wood pulping industry is burn as low cost energy source, and only 2% is exploited in the chemical industry. The presence of sulphur moieties and the large molecular diversity are the most reasons impeding the use of lignin as building blocks for the production of chemicals and materials. Chemical modifications have been acknowledged to be an important tool to circumvent these limitations. In the current work, taking advantage of the high hydroxyl groups content of a sulphur free soda lignin (SL), different synthetic strategies have been applied to introduce new chemical groups and used either to produce lignin derivatives suitable for “click” polymerization either to increase lignin hydrophobicity, facilitating its processing in polymeric matrices
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Isaacs, Mark. "Nanoengineered polymer architectures for antimicrobial medical applications : novel additives." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69607/.
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Silver is a clinically important, broad spectrum antibacterial, whose use extends back over several millennia. Its potent antibacterial activity, range of susceptible microorganisms, and lack of developed resistances, elevate silver as an exciting weapon in the fight against hospital acquired infections and so-called ‘superbugs’. The active, ionic form is efficacious at very low concentrations, thus controlling release rates offers potential durable, non-specific, antibacterial medical devices. This thesis examines a number of inorganic systems as potential slow-release, antibacterial silver nanocomposites for incorporation into polyurethane foam wound dressings. A range of silver core-silica shell nanocomposites were synthesised with tuneable dimensions, with porosity introduced into the silica shells, via base-etching or surfactant-templating producing disordered or ordered architectures respectively. An alternative system based on mesoporous SBA-15 silica was also investigated, which was employed as a scaffold for subsequent multilayer titania functionalisation, onto which mixed silver/silver carbonate nanoparticles were subsequently deposited. Detailed characterisation allowed fundamental structural-function relationships for silver dissolution kinetics and their associated impact upon antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Silver ion release rates are inversely proportional to silver crystallite size, with further governance via shell thickness and mesoporosity achievable in core shell systems. The intrinsic antibacterial activity of titania coated SBA-15 further enhances performance, independent of silver, whilst support macropore introduction increases silver particle dispersion. Antibacterial prowess of all materials demonstrates a strong activity correlation with dissolution kinetics, evidencing up to seven-fold logarithmic reductions in the bacterial concentrations within four hours. Materials were potent for > 24 hours, with the reverse micelle core-shell formulation showing continuous activity over a 14 day period. Comparative benchmarking indicates mesoporous silver core-silica shell architectures as promising candidates due to antibacterial longevity, manufacturing simplicity and cost, with their hydrophilic nature and small dimensions rendering them amenable to incorporation into compatible polyurethane foams.
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Luo, Ming. "Development of high-performance polymeric composites by using novel 3D printing techniques." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24670.
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Polymers and their composites have been widely used in tribological applications as alternatives to metallic materials, owing to their excellent strength, high efficiency and low cost. Recently, additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing, has attracted considerable attention due to its outstanding flexibility and low cost for rapid prototyping. The production of polymeric parts has become the focus in the field, owing to the tremendous versatility and easy processability of polymeric materials. In particular, there are significant research interests in the use of 3D printing technology to develop high-performance fibre reinforced polymeric composites.
In the view of the above-mentioned facts, the present research focuses on the mechanical and tribological behaviours of fibre reinforced polymer composites fabricated using 3D printed technologies. Further, different surface textures were created on printed samples to improve their tribological behaviour. The results showed that FDM printed short carbon fibre reinforced nylon composites provided both better mechanical and tribological performance than pure nylon. Surface textures could further reduce the wear rate of fibre reinforced composite materials under the dry sliding condition by collecting hard wear debris and thus avoiding the severe three-body abrasive wear. It was also noticed that the FDM printed nylon and short carbon fibre reinforced nylon composites provided continuous and uniform transfer film layers under both dry and water-lubricated conditions. The work has demonstrated that 3D printing technology has great potential for developing new wear-resistant engineering materials by controlling and creating desirable compositions and geometric structures/textures simultaneously, which can be subjected to various tribological applications.
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SCORDO, GIORGIO. "A novel electrical conductive resin for stereolithographic 3D printing." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2899751.
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GATOMSKI, GREGOR. "Polymer based low cost additive manufacturing as prototyping technology for medical devices and application on novel heart catheters." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202453.
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Satpathi, Hirak. "Novel phosphorus containing poly(arylene ethers) as flame retardant additives and as reactant in organic synthesis." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-176136.
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Due to their outstanding properties, poly(arylene ethers) are useful as toughness modifiers in epoxy resins (EP). Furthermore, these polymers show rather low intrinsic fire risks. According to recent research it has been incorporated that poly(arylene ether phosphine oxides) [PAEPO’s] can further improve the fire behavior. Increasing phosphorous content of the PAEPO can influence the fire behavior too. Fire retardants containing phosphorus – regardless of whether an additive or reactive approach is used – show different mechanisms in the condensed and gas phase. In the present study PSU Control (BPA based polysulfone) with four different PAEPO’s and their corresponding blends with an EP were investigated.
All poly(arylene ether phosphine oxides) were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation. The polymers obtained covered a wide range of weight average molar masses (6,000 – 150,000 g/mol) as determined by size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering detection (MALLS). FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF revealed formation of the desired polymer structure of the linear poly(arylene ethers). All polymers were easily soluble in common organic solvents, thus enabling processing from solution.The pyrolysis and the fire retardancy mechanisms of the polymers and blends with epoxy resin (EP) were tackled by means of a comprehensive thermal analysis (thermogravimetry (TG), TG-evolved gas analysis) and fire tests [PCFC, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter].
The Mitsunobu reaction of Dimethyl-5-hydroxyisophthalate and a long chain semifluorinated alcohol requires triphenyl phosphine as a reactant. Identical, in some case higher yield was obtained in the usual conditions, with triphenyl phosphine and with trivalent phosphorus containing polymers, which was prepared in solvent free bulk (melt) polymerization technique from trivalent phosphorus monomer and a silylated diphenol in presence of CsF. Purification and the recovery of the final product which is always a big challenge in case of Mitsunobu reaction, was far more easier using polymer compared to triphenyl phosphine. During polymerization there was a possibility to have polymer having repeating unit containing both trivalent phosphorus and phosphine oxide. The trivalent phosphorus content of the polymer can be varied using different molar concentration of CsF.
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Craft, Garrett Michael. "Characterization of Nylon-12 in a Novel Additive Manufacturing Technology, and the Rheological and Spectroscopic Analysis of PEG-Starch Matrix Interactions." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7137.
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In this work differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy [FT-IR] and polarized light microscopy will be employed to characterize polymeric systems. The first chapter broadly covers polymer synthesis and important characterization methods.
In the second chapter, a polyamide (PA12) will be sintered via a novel additive manufacturing (AM) technology developed here at USF termed LAPS (Large Area Projection Sintering). LAPS uses extended sintering timespans to ensure complete melting and densification of the polymer powder over the entire two-dimensional area of the part’s footprint. Further, it allows for the printed layer to crystallize and shrink in its entirety as the temperature falls below the crystallization temperature prior to the next layer being added. The printed parts (termed coupons) will be assayed by DSC and polarized light microscopy to determine sintering efficacy. Additionally, the parts will be compared to coupons printed with conventional methods to show that the USF AM technology shows superior elongation at break (EaB), with comparable ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young’s Modulus to laser sintered coupons. This is notable as conventional AM methods produce parts which usually compromise between EaB and modulus. The EaB of LAPS-printed parts is comparable to injection molding (IM) grade PA12, which is remarkable as IM grade PA12 powder normally has higher molecular weight and limited crystallinity. The reduced crystallinity of IM grade PA12 parts is thought to be due to the high shear rates during injection and fast cooling rates post-fabrication. Further, the USF LAPS parts show minimal or no detectable porosity. Porosity is an artifact of the sintering process which conventional techniques like laser sintering (LS) have little ability to mitigate, as higher energy wattages simply burn and degrade the polymer surface with insufficient time available for heat transfer and bulk melt flow. Porosity is documented as one of the leading causes of part failure and decreased mechanical properties in the literature, and as such the USF AM technology is in the process of being patented as of March, 2018.
Chapters three through six will explore a phenomenon first noticed by clinicians at the James A. Haley Veterans Hospital. They observed that starch-thickened drinks for patients suffering from dysphagia became dangerously thinned down upon addition of the osmotic drug polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350, marketed as Miralax®. Starch-based hydrocolloids are common thickeners used for patients with dysphagia, and so any incompatibility with such a ubiquitous drug as PEG 3350 poses an immediate danger. Patients with the disorder can suffer increased rates of aspiration-related pneumonia, incurring up to nearly a 60% fatality rate within a year. Chances for aspiration greatly increase for food items which are too inviscid to safely swallow. Rheology and FT-IR spectroscopy will be used to show that the breakdown of the starch network in aqueous solution is dependent upon the molecular weight of PEG. As the molecular weight of PEG is reduced to that of a small molecule (~300MW) from its large drug form (3350MW), the structure stabilizes and can resist shearing forces in a steady shear rheological experiment. Spectroscopy will show that PEG molecular weight also influences syneresis and the crystallinity of the starch hydrocolloid solutions.
It is postulated that the molecular weight of PEG influences its miscibility in starch solutions, and its ability to interrupt the hydrogen bonding and entanglements which maintain the elastic framework which allow starch thickeners to impart viscosity and resist shearing forces. When this framework collapses, absorbed water is expelled as evidenced as a biphasic separation where water collects on top of the starch suspension. This was the phenomenon observed by the clinicians at the Veterans’ Hospital.
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Ebenhoch, Bernd. "Organic solar cells : novel materials, charge transport and plasmonic studies." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7814.
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Organic solar cells have great potential for cost-effective and large area electricity production, but their applicability is limited by the relatively low efficiency. In this dissertation I report investigations of novel materials and the underlying principles of organic solar cells, carried out at the University of St Andrews between 2011 and 2015. Key results of this investigation: • The charge carrier mobility of organic semiconductors in the active layer of polymer solar cells has a rather small influence on the power conversion efficiency. Cooling solar cells of the polymer:fullerene blend PTB7:PC₇₁BM from room temperature to 77 K decreased the hole mobility by a factor of thousand but the device efficiency only halved. • Subphthalocyanine molecules, which are commonly used as electron donor materials in vacuum-deposited active layers of organic solar cells, can, by a slight structural modification, also be used as efficient electron acceptor materials in solution-deposited active layers. Additionally these acceptors offer, compared to standard fullerene acceptors,advantages of a stronger light absorption at the peak of the solar spectrum. • A low band-gap polymer donor material requires a careful selection of the acceptor material in order to achieve efficient charge separation and a maximum open circuit voltage. • Metal structures in nanometer-size can efficiently enhance the electric field and light absorption in organic semiconductors by plasmonic resonance. The fluorescence of a P3HT polymer film above silver nanowires, separated by PEDOT:PSS, increased by factor of two. This could be clearly assigned to an enhanced absorption as the radiative transition of P3HT was identical beside the nanowires. • The use of a processing additive in the casting solution for the active layer of organic solar cells of PTB7:PC₇₁BM strongly influences the morphology, which leads not only to an optimum of charge separation but also to optimal charge collection.
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Chen, Ming-Chung, and 陳銘崇. "Improving the Efficiency of Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Photovoltaics by Novel Organic Additives." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42668260288450723392.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
101
In this report, we discussed major factors which limit the efficiencies of organic photovoltaics (OPV), and demonstrate the utilization of polymers as additive in the active layer of bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) OPVs to improve the device performances. There are several causes that limit the performance of the OPV. Among them, the properties of the active materials are the most determining factors. Ideally, the donor polymers should have a broad absorption (low band-gap) in the solar spectrum to ensure effective light harvesting. In addition, to achieve efficient exciton dissociation, the donor (D) and acceptor (A) phase sizes must be sufficiently small to enable efficient charge separation at their interface, yet, a bicontinuous network of D and A phases must exist with sufficiently high and considerable balanced mobilities to allow the efficient charge transport to the electrodes. Furthermore, a suitable band alignment of D-A interface in controlling the dissociation of bound excitons is of importance. In order to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OPV with the fulfillment of above mentioned criteria, there is still great interest in combining organic semiconductors and polymers that exhibit optical or electrical vantages in the existing OPV devices. Herein, we utilized the unique polymers within the active layer of a BHJ OPV, and individually control the light harvesting, the band alignment and the constitution of the D-A interfaces, the nano-morphologies of D/A materials, and the carrier mobilities in the active layer. With such approaches, we achieved the improvement of the PCE of the devices by around 25–35% as compared to the pristine OPV. Our study paves the way for improving the performance of OPVs by the polymer additives.
Books on the topic "Novel Polymeric Additives"
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Vrinceanu, Narcisa, Emanuela Ciolan, and Paraschiva Postolache. Novel Approach of Added-Value Zinc Oxide Powders for Polymeric Fibrous Matrices with Engineered Architectures for High Performance Textiles. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.
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(Editor), Christopher S. Brazel, and Robin D. Rogers (Editor), eds. Ionic Liquids in Polymer Systems: Solvents, Additives, and Novel Applications (Acs Symposium Series). An American Chemical Society Publication, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Novel Polymeric Additives"
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Kumar, B. Bala Murali, Yun Chung Hsueh, Zhuoyang Xin, and Dan Luo. "Process and Evaluation of Automated Robotic Fabrication System for In-Situ Structure Confinement." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 368–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_34.
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AbstractThe additive manufacturing process is gaining momentum in the construction industry with the rapid progression of large-scale 3D printed technologies. An established method of increasing the structural performance of concrete is by wrapping it with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP). This paper proposes a novel additive process to fabricate a FRP formwork by dynamic layer winding of the FRP fabric with epoxy resin paired with an industrial scale robotic arm. A range of prototypes were fabricated to explore and study the fabrication parameters. Based on the systemic exploration, the limitations, the scope, and the feasibility of the proposed additive manufacturing method is studied for large scale customisable structural formworks.
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Omidvarkarjan, Daniel, Peter Balicki, Harry Baumgartner, Ralph Rosenbauer, Filippo Fontana, and Mirko Meboldt. "The AM Dowel – A Novel Insert for the Integration of Threads into Additive Manufactured Polymer Components." In Industrializing Additive Manufacturing, 391–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54334-1_27.
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Dalar, Osman, Alperen Doğru, Melise Karatay Kutman, Fazilet Zumrut Biber Muftuler, and Coskun Harmansah. "Electrical Conductivity Characteristics of Nanoparticle-Reinforced Polymers Produced by Additive Manufacturing." In Novel Techniques in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul, 331–34. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42041-2_41.
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Puranik, S. A., Dinesh desai, and Kintu jain. "Study of eco-friendly additives for wood-plastics composites: a step toward a better environment." In Novel Applications in Polymers and Waste Management, 309–19. Toronto ; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2018.: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315365848-16.
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Nieto, Daniel Moreno, Pedro Burgos Pintos, Daniel Moreno Sánchez, and Sergio I. Molina Rubio. "Large Format Additive Manufacturing in Furniture Design with Novel Cork Based Polymeric Materials." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 477–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20325-1_38.
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Bartkowiak, Artur, Wioletta Krawczyńska, and Alicja Federowicz. "Novel polymer systems and additives to protect bioactive substances applied in spray-drying." In New Polymers for Encapsulation of Nutraceutical Compounds, 97–119. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119227625.ch5.
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Hale, Robert C., Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, and Lehuan H. Yu. "Analytical Chemistry of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, and Instrumentation." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 17–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_2.
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AbstractApproaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include tire wear, paint chips, semisynthetics (e.g., rayon), and bioplastics. Plastics commonly contain chemical additives and fillers, which may alter their toxicological potency, behavior (e.g., buoyancy), or detector response (e.g., yield fluorescence) during analysis. Field sampling methods often focus on >20 μm and even >300 μm sized particles and will thus not capture smaller microplastics (which may be most abundant and bioavailable). Analysis of a limited subgroup (selected polymer types, particle sizes, or shapes) of microplastics, while often operationally necessary, can result in an underestimation of actual sample content. These shortcomings complicate calls for toxicological studies of microplastics to be based on “environmentally relevant concentrations.” Sample matrices of interest include water (including wastewater, ice, snow), sediment (soil, dust, wastewater sludge), air, and biota. Properties of the environment, and of the particles themselves, may concentrate plastic debris in select zones (e.g., gyres, shorelines, polar ice, wastewater sludge). Sampling designs should consider such patchy distributions. Episodic releases due to weather and anthropogenic discharges should also be considered. While water grab samples and sieving are commonplace, novel techniques for microplastic isolation, such as continuous flow centrifugation, show promise. The abundance of nonplastic particulates (e.g., clay, detritus, biological material) in samples interferes with microplastic detection and characterization. Their removal is typically accomplished using a combination of gravity separation and oxidative digestion (including strong bases, peroxide, enzymes); unfortunately, aggressive treatments may damage more labile plastics. Microscope-based infrared or Raman detection is often applied to provide polymer chemistry and morphological data for individual microplastic particles. However, the sheer number of particles in many samples presents logistical hurdles. In response, instruments have been developed that employ detector arrays and rapid scanning lasers. The addition of dyes to stain particulates may facilitate spectroscopic detection of some polymer types. Most researchers provide microplastic data in the form of the abundances of polymer types within particle size, polymer, and morphology classes. Polymer mass data in samples remain rare but are essential to elucidating fate. Rather than characterizing individual particles in samples, solvent extraction (following initial sample prep, such as sediment size class sorting), combined with techniques such as thermoanalysis (e.g., pyrolysis), has been used to generate microplastic mass data. However, this may obviate the acquisition of individual particle morphology and compositional information. Alternatively, some techniques (e.g., electron and atomic force microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry) are adept at providing highly detailed data on the size, morphology, composition, and surface chemistry of select particles. Ultimately, the analyst must select the approach best suited for their study goals. Robust quality control elements are also critical to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the sampling and analysis techniques. Further, improved efforts are required to assess and control possible sample contamination due to the ubiquitous distribution of microplastics, especially in indoor environments where samples are processed.
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Cosmina Ardelean, Lavinia, Laura-Cristina Rusu, Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu, Meda Lavinia Negrutiu, and Daniela Maria Pop. "Advances in Dentures: Novel Polymeric Materials and Manufacturing Technologies." In Advances in Dentures - Prosthetic Solutions, Materials and Technologies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113936.
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Acrylic resins dominated dentures technology for several decades. Due to their many disadvantages, new types of polymers, with better properties, suitable for dental prosthodontics applications were constantly attempted. The choice of polymeric materials and manufacturing technologies has experienced significant development in recent years. Different types of thermoplastic injected resins, light-cured resins, or the versatile high-performance polymers are several choices of novel materials for dentures manufacturing. CAD/CAM systems, both substractive and additive, are being considered the most promising choice for the future manufacturing of polymers in dentistry. The chapter is focused on presenting the choices of novel polymeric materials, their manufacturing technologies, and applications in prosthodontics.
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"- HYPERBRANCHED 1,4-CIS+1,2-POLYBUTADIENE SYNTHESIS USING NOVEL CATALYTIC DITHIOSYSTEMS." In Additives in Polymers, 262–71. Apple Academic Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19865-14.
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Devikala, Sundaramurthy, and Johnson Maryleedarani Abisharani. "Addition of Organic Compounds in Gelatin-biopolymer Gel Electrolyte for Enhanced Dye-sensitized Solar Cells." In Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1003045.
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This chapter introduced a new series of organic compound additives like thiophene 2,5-dicarboxylic acid (TDA), sulfanilamide (SAA), 2,6-diamino pyridine (DAP), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DBC) and 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) with gelatin/KI/I2 consist gel polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) application. Nowadays, it is focusing on biopolymers for preparing gel electrolytes for DSSCs application which is a conventional renewable energy source. Biopolymers are abundant in nature, and they are non-toxic, thermally stable, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and have good mechanical and physical properties. The introduced novel gelatin (GLN) biopolymer-based gel electrolytes play a role in improving ionic conductivity and stability, and it also play a better ability for ionic mobility. The low-cost and commercialized organic additive molecules with electron donors like S, O and N elements were strongly coordinated on the surface TiO2 and fermi level shift into negative potentials. The organic additive compound SAA achieved a very active additive and easily reduced the recombination reaction between the surface of TiO2 and I3− ions. This phenomenon readily improves the stability and overall η of the DSSC. During the DSSCs process, intrinsic charge carrier transfer between both electrodes as well as the continuous regeneration of the dye molecules. The surface study and conductivity of prepared gelatin-based gel electrolyte with N, S and O-based additives were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible, X ray diifraction (XRD), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC), respectively. Furthermore, to examine the adsorption behaviour of organic additives on TiO2 (101) surface and negative fermi level shift on TiO2 surface were analysed by density functional theory (DFT) theoretical study.
Conference papers on the topic "Novel Polymeric Additives"
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Watson, Philip Philip, Ray Farinato, Thomas Fenderson, Michael Dale Hurd, Pat Macy, and Amir Mahmoudkhani. "Novel Polymeric Additives to Improve Oil Sands Tailings Consolidation." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/141398-ms.
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Jian, Guoqing, Ashok Santra, Hasmukh A. Patel, and Ahmet Atilgan. "A Novel Star Polymer based Fluid Loss Control Additive for Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213791-ms.
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Abstract Non-aqueous fluids (NAF) are considered as efficient and reliable drilling fluid systems for challenging wellbore conditions, such as high-temperature drilling operations. NAFs require fluid loss control additives to reduce filtration loss into the formation with minimum filter cake thickness. Polymer developed in this work demonstrated exceptional properties such as high dispersibility, good thermal stability and low plastic viscosity, when compared with traditional natural and synthetic-based fluid loss control additives (e.g., gilsonite). We have utilized a synthetic molecular optimization process to precisely adjust the hydrophilic-lyophilic balance (HLB) by altering the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic monomers. This has allowed us to achieve an HLB that facilitates easy dispersion within NAF formulations. The star polymer was produced using a controlled/radical polymerization technique called Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer polymerization (RAFT). The properties of the NAFs, such as rheology, fluid loss, mud cake thickness, and emulsion stability, were evaluated and compared with commercially available fluid loss control additives under simulated downhole pressure and temperature conditions. The chemical structure and thermal stability of the star polymer were analyzed using spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of desired polymeric structures and the molecular weight desired. Star-polymer synthesized herein has excellent thermal stability up to 450 °F with great fluid loss control and ultrathin filter cake for NAF systems for mud weight ranging from 10 to 17 lbm/gal. The star polymer also improves emulsion stability. Plastic viscosity (PV) is usually increased with the addition of commercially available fluid loss control additives; however, star-polymer had a negligible effect on PV. Results for both diesel and mineral oil-based mud systems will be presented. High-temperature high-pressure viscometer (Fann 77) was used to study rheological properties at up to 350 °F and 10,000 psi. Our recent work has resulted in the creation of a cutting-edge star polymer (NSP) for use in the industry's next-gen high-performance fluid loss additives. The polymer network can be efficiently synthesized and scaled up for commercial production, providing engineers with an improved solution for drilling high-temperature wells (up to 350°F) with reduced plastic viscosity and increased emulsion stability, while also providing excellent fluid loss control.
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Olivares, T. "Customized Drilling Fluids Solutions for Challenging Geothermal Wells." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24235-ms.
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Abstract Geothermal wells are very challenging to be drilled due high temperature and the associated risks that involve this type of wells. In order to find the adequate solutions for the drilling fluid challenges on those type of wells, we did an extensive lab evaluation on multiple formulations, where we used our approved drilling fluids additives portfolio to customize the required water-based fluids (WBF) and invert emulsion fluids (IEF) formulations for high temperature wells. Wide lab testing on multiple WBF and IEF formulations were performed In-house, simulating the harshest conditions to properly customize the drilling fluids solutions for a Geothermal wells campaign. However, before start these geothermal wells campaign and after successfully lab testing verification, those formulation were implemented at the field in wells with Bottom Hole Static temperature (BHST) from 330°F (165°C) up to 450°F (232°C). Similarly, those drilling fluids were used to successfully drill, log and core across those challenging environments without any issue related to the thermal stability of the drilling fluids additives. In some of the wells, WBF was essential due logging requirements, for those wells, we relied on improved synthetic polymer thermal stable up to 475°F (246°C) to control the fluid loss, with the addition of temperature stabilizers and oxygen and H2S scavengers to optimize the polymers thermal stability. Also, we did utilize Causticized Lignite (CL) and chrome free methyl ester of sulfonated tannin (CFMEST) for better results as thinner and to help to control the fluid loss. Another fundamental additive in the formulation was the pre-hydrated bentonite used to enhance the suspension properties to avoid barite sag issues and to enhance the hole cleaning. Other wells were drilled with similar conditions for the Geothermal wells using IEF, for this type of fluid, efforts were established to formulate an innovative solution to the challenging high-temperature conditions in the studied area. The issues addressed included hole cleaning, hole instability for a narrow mud-weight window and reservoir damage. The strategy was based on the synergy of combinations between polymeric packages, emulsifiers, and filtration reducers of the engineered IEF formulations to build stable fluids and afford tight emulsion and fragile gel properties with minimal filtrations to the formations. As conclusion, we were able to customize Drilling Fluids Solutions for the multiple’s challenges expected during the Geothermal Wells operations. The excellent performance of those customized WBF and IEF formulations were delivered through use of novel emulsifiers chemistry, customized polymeric additives, innovative temperature stabilizers and a new multi-functional additive for narrow margin conditions, in preparation for this wells campaign.
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McNeal, Michelyn R., Hiroki Nanko, and Martin A. Hubbe. "Imaging of Macromolecular Events Occurring During the Manufacture of Paper." In Advances in Paper Science and Technology, edited by S. J. I’Anson. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2005.2.1225.
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A novel transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique, developed to observe the nano-scale interactions of polymeric additives and cellulosic fibrils under idealized laboratory conditions, was applied for the first time in a comprehensive study of the colloidal interactions within a mill producing light-weight coated publication paper. The technique allows the observation of incremental changes in the nano-scale appearance of the paper-making slurry as successive additives are introduced to the system. Such changes include the coagulation of colloidal and dissolved substances present in thermomechanical (TMP) pulp after the addition of a low molecular weight, high charge density polymer, and the subsequent flocculation of the coagulated matter, hydrophobic materials, and fines following the introduction of talc, aluminum sulfate, a high mass cationic polyelectrolyte, and silica nanoparticles. The new results demonstrate that the TEM technique can be applied even in systems as complex as commercial papermaking, leading to a more accurate understanding of what happens on a macromolecular level.
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Mohamed, Abdelmjeed, Bruno Giovannetti, Saeed Salehi, and Farag Muhammed. "A Novel Cement Additive to Prevent Gas Migration in Producing and Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211513-ms.
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Abstract Gas leakages from producing and abandoned oil and gas wells are considered a threat to the environment and increase greenhouse gas emissions. They are also a cause of sustained casing pressure and other wellbore integrity problems, which are significant operational and safety issues. Cement integrity in oil and gas wells is crucial to ensure excellent zonal isolation and prevent gas migration to the surface over a long production time. Therefore, cement slurry should be carefully designed to yield better performance in sealing the annulus between the casing and drilled formations. This study introduces a novel additive to improve the cement slurry properties and mitigate the gas migration problem. The new cement formulation consists of water, dispersant, retarder, cement (class G), and a novel polymeric anti-gas migration additive. To evaluate the performance of the new additive, several formulations were prepared by varying the additive concentrations from 0 to 6.0% by weight of cement (BWOC). The mixing process was first optimized to fulfill better slurry performance. The effect of the new additive on static gel strength (SGS), gas migration, slurry rheology, fluid loss, consistency, thickening time, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was studied at 70°C and 90°C. Static gel strength was the primary indicator of cement slurry's ability to resist gas migration; therefore, it was initially used to optimize the additive concentration. Eventually, the optimized formulation was tested on a new experimental pipe setup to simulate the actual well conditions. The SGS results showed that the new additive could effectively reduce the gas transition time to 15-25 minutes for the optimum concentration, compared to around 50 min for the base cement. The optimum concentration was found in the range of 1.5-3% BWOC. Adding more than this concentration would increase the cementing operation cost without further improving the performance. Consistency and rheological measurements confirmed the excellent stability and pumpability of the new cement slurry with this concentration range. The new additive performed better with increasing temperature up to the maximum testing temperature, 90°C. A high reduction in the fluid loss was also observed with the introduced additive compared to base cement slurry and other commercial additives. Pipe test results showed that the new additive completely stopped gas migration, and no gas leakage was observed for more than 24 hrs. In contrast, a high leakage rate was observed with the base cement after only 4-6 hrs. The findings of this study are promising. Adding 1.5-3.0% BWOC of the new additive was adequate to maintain cement slurry expansion and develop enough static gel strength in a short time. Using the introduced cement formulation with more optimization to the cementing operation would significantly improve wellbore integrity for short-term and long-term operations.
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Ke, Linping, Zhiwei Yue, Andrew Slocum, Chunli Li, and Travis Larsen. "A Novel Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluid for Streamlined Logistics, Long-Term Scale Protection, and Enhanced Oil Recovery." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23106-ms.
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Abstract Seawater-based fracturing fluid systems are well known for the economic and logistical benefits they provide, including unlocking a usable water source in locations that lack access to fresh water and eliminating the need for extra freshwater supply vessels at offshore wellsites. However, a common challenge with these systems is the formation of scale that results when the high content of sulfate in seawater contacts a barium-rich formation. Additional challenges include minimizing gel residue and mitigating water blockages that can negatively impact oil production after the fracturing treatment. To address these issues, a new seawater-based borate-crosslinked fracturing fluid, with integration of a phosphorus-free polymeric scale inhibitor (SI) and a flowback aid, was developed and evaluated for scale inhibition, oil displacement efficacy and rheological performance. The seawater-based fracturing fluid rheology and compatibility with a scale inhibitor at varying concentrations were studied in a rotational rheometer. Static bottle test was used to evaluate the long-term barite inhibition. Oil migration and displacement of the fracturing fluid through a column flow apparatus were investigated to demonstrate the synergistic effect of the scale inhibitor and surfactant on enhancing oil mobility through porous media. Addition of various concentrations of SI does not impair the fluid crosslinking, aging and breaking process, and provides effective scale inhibition over a six-month extended shut-in period. With respect to oil displacement, the frac fluids containing the scale inhibitor and surfactant at certain concentrations outperform the control samples without these additives or that only contained a single additive. It is shown that the seawater-based fracturing fluid has good stability under all shearing schedules and has quick shear recovery after exposure to high shear, indicating the fluid has excellent proppant carrying capacity. With integration of a polymeric scale inhibitor (SI) and a flowback aid, the seawater-based borate crosslinked fracturing fluid demonstrates reliable rheological performance, superior scale inhibition, and improved oil displacement with reduced water blockage due to the synergistic effect of combining these chemistries. The integrated fracturing fluid system designed for seawater operations not only provides a reliable fluid performance, long-term scale protection, and better oil recovery, but also significantly reduces logistical costs for offshore applications, especially for those requiring additional supply vessel support to transport frac fluid. All these aspects of the fluid system result in a reduced treatment cost, increased operational efficiency in time and process, reduced fluid waste, and lower CO2 emissions.
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Olivares, Tulio, Rafael Pino, Juan Carlos Rojas, and Alessandro Cascone. "Latest Generation Flat Rheology Fluid Enables Successful Drilling at High Overbalance Conditions Utilizing Multi-Functional Nanoscale Additive." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211524-ms.
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Abstract Drilling for Oil & Gas is never an easy task. In order to reach to the hydrocarbon source, several layers of drilling formations with different characteristics need to be drilled through. This leads to a challenge of needing various well designs, tools and fluids to drill these wells. An ideal case would a fluid design that is flexible enough to be applicable for most of the fields; yet providing consistent properties across a wide range of temperatures and pressures. A uniquely customizable flat rheology fluid was developed to meet a variety of conditions in terms of pressures from low density to high density to maintain well control and temperatures from 60 °F at surface to 150 °F - 400 °F range downhole. The fluid constituents were carefully selected to exhibit a flat rheology profile to aid in trouble-free drilling of the well. The fluid also used a novel nanoscale additive to aid in filtration control to enhance filter cake properties in high overbalance situations and minimize the risk of differential sticking which is a large contributor of NPT in drilling operations. The fluid properties were then optimized with typical drilling parameters and well conditions in a robust physics-based hydraulics simulator to ensure successful execution and anticipation of various scenarios. After vetting various formulations in a laboratory setting designed to mimic downhole conditions including contaminants like acid gases; the fluid was ready to be utilized to drill a well in onshore. A holistic plan was utilized to manage all project aspects from resources, logistics, procedures and what if scenarios to allow for a successful implementation of the fluid. The two intervals were drilled ahead of schedule with no NPT or unscheduled events, such as losses or differential sticking despite the fact that one of the intervals had high overbalance of 5,700 psi over the pore pressure. The fluid’s properties were tracked across various temperatures to understand the fluid behavior at different sections of the well where it showed consistently flat rheological profile. The hydraulics simulations showed superior hole cleaning conditions as well as the ability to stay within the narrow drilling window which was confirmed by the trip conditions with no back-reaming and not inducing fractures or experiencing any downhole losses. The fluid performance and consistent fluid properties including rheology, filtration control and suspension of cuttings and weight material with no sag occurrences were enabled by using novel emulsifier chemistry, customized polymeric additives and a novel multi-functional nanoscale additive for high overbalance conditions.
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Zhong, Hanyi, Xin Gao, Zhengsong Qiu, Weian Huang, Wenlei Liu, Jiaxin Ma, and Shusen Li. "Minimization of Ultra-High Temperature Filtration Loss for Water-Based Drilling Fluid with ß-Cyclodextrin Polymer Microspheres." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204763-ms.
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Abstract Due to the rapid degradation of conventional biopolymer or synthetic polymeric additives at high temperature (HT) or ultra-high temperatures (ultra-HT), effective control of water-based drilling fluid filtration in HT or Ultra-HT environment is still a great challenge in drilling operation. β-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres (β-CPMs), generally using for drug release and waste water treatment, are evaluated as environmentally friendly ultra-HT filtration reducer. The impact of the microspheres on water-based drilling fluids’ properties including rheology and filtration prior to and after hot rolling at different temperatures ranging from 120 to 240°C was investigated. The high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) filtration properties of the microspheres compared to several commercial high temperature filtration reducers were conducted according to the API recommended procedures. The filtration controlling mechanism was analyzed from zeta potential measurement, particle size distribution measurement, and scanning electron microscope observation of filter cake. The results indicated that the β-CPMs exhibited peculiar filtration behavior differently from conventional additives. When the hot rolling temperature was below 160℃, β-CPMs performed a 30% filtration reduction at 1 w/v% content in comparison with control sample. Once the hot rolling temperature was above 160℃, the capacity of filtration control was further improved with increasing temperatures. This is contrast with conventional filtration reducers that the filtration control capacity deteriorate with increasing temperatures. The microspheres still exhibited superior filtration control after exposure to 240℃. Furthermore, β-CPMs showed little effect on the drilling fluid's rheology. When the temperature was below 160℃, the filtration reduction was obtained by water absorption and swelling of β-CPMs. When the temperature was above 160℃, hydrothermal reaction occurred for β-CPMs. Numerous micro- and nano-sized carbon spheres formed, which bridge across micro and nanopores within filter cake and reduce the filter cake permeability effectively. When the temperature was higher than 160℃, hydrothermal reaction occurs. Carbon spheres generated by the hydrothermal degradation of the β-CPMs, which are responsible for the effective filtration control. The hydrothermal reaction changes the adverse effect of high temperature into favorable improvement of filtration control, which provides a novel avenue for HT and ultra-HT filtration control. The β-CPMs show potential application in deep well drilling as environmental friendly and high temperature filtration reducers.
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Levy, Richard, Michael A. Nichols, and William R. Opp. "Novel Superabsorbent Polymer-Based Lubricant Technology." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63030.
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Superabsorbent polymers and one or more solid and/or liquid lubricants, with and without lubricant additives, were formulated into a variety of solid and variable-viscosity lubricant compositions. A series of laboratory trials showed that superabsorbent polymer-based solid (e.g., agglomerated) lubricant compositions and variable-viscosity greases were more effective in reducing friction between moving surfaces than non-superabsorbent polymer-based lubricants.
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Xu, Liang, Iryna Zhuk, and Sofia Sirak. "Novel Modified Polycarboxylate Paraffin Inhibitor Blends Reduce C30+ Wax Deposits in South Texas." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213853-ms.
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Abstract A typical challenge encountered during shale oil and condensate production in South Texas is severe wax deposition on fractured rock surface near the wellbore and flowlines from wellheads to separators, potentially reducing surface areas for oil and gas flow. Commonly used surfactant dispersants and wax inhibitors such as comb shaped polyacrylate/methacrylate (PAMA) and alpha-olefin modified maleic anhydride (OMAC) sometimes fall short and do not always address challenges associated with C30+ waxy crude oil and condensate. This is typically due to the mismatch of molecular weights and the incorrect ratio of polar and non-polar groups between the polymeric additive and the targeted wax species. In this study, we present the findings of a new modified polycarboxylate and polyacrylate blend that provides a balanced approach of optimized non-polar and polar groups on the polymer backbone. Additionally, the inherent long polymer chains with a broad chain density distribution appear to interact well with C30+ waxy compounds, effectively lowering pour point, reducing wax appearance temperature (WAT) and suppressing wax deposition. A gradual reduction of WATs in polymer treated waxy deposit was observed via DSC/CPM measurements when the polymer blends were varied with polyacrylate/methacrylate/modified carboxylate ratios. Cold finger tests were performed at selected temperature differentials that closely represented field conditions in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the optimized blend, in which deposits of C30+ waxy compounds were significantly eliminated. It's commonly accepted that comb shaped polymers interact with wax crystals via incorporation and perturbation. The polymer blend presented here, with an optimized ratio of non-polar and polar groups, appear to enable a secondary mechanism that introduces a repulsive force between growing wax crystals, which is reminiscent of interfacial polarization of charged wax crystals under an external electric field. Through Zeta Potential, Cold Finger, Yield Stress, DSC, SARA and HTGC analysis, it was demonstrated that this additional interference rendered the comb shaped polymer blend much more effective, against other PAMAs, OMACs, and linear polymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
Reports on the topic "Novel Polymeric Additives"
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Kennedy, Alan, Mark Ballentine, Andrew McQueen, Christopher Griggs, Arit Das, and Michael Bortner. Environmental applications of 3D printing polymer composites for dredging operations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39341.
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This Dredging Operations Environmental Research (DOER) technical note disseminates novel methods to monitor and reduce contaminant mobility and bioavailability in water, sediments, and soils. These method advancements are enabled by additive manufacturing (i.e., three-dimensional [3D] printing) to deploy and retrieve materials that adsorb contaminants that are traditionally applied as unbound powders. Examples of sorbents added as amendments for remediation of contaminated sediments include activated carbon, biochar, biopolymers, zeolite, and sand caps. Figure 1 provides examples of sorbent and photocatalytic particles successfully compounded and 3D printed using polylactic acid as a binder. Additional adsorptive materials may be applicable and photocatalytic materials (Friedmann et al. 2019) may be applied to degrade contaminants of concern into less hazardous forms. This technical note further describes opportunities for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) project managers and the water and sediment resource management community to apply 3D printing of polymers containing adsorptive filler materials as a prototyping tool and as an on-site, on-demand manufacturing capability to remediate and monitor contaminants in the environment. This research was funded by DOER project 19-13, titled “3D Printed Design for Remediation and Monitoring of Dredged Material.”
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Kennedy, Alan, Andrew McQueen, Mark Ballentine, Brianna Fernando, Lauren May, Jonna Boyda, Christopher Williams, and Michael Bortner. Sustainable harmful algal bloom mitigation by 3D printed photocatalytic oxidation devices (3D-PODs). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43980.
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The impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB), often caused by cyanobacteria (Figure 1), on water resources are increasing. Innovative solutions for treatment of HABs and their associated toxins are needed to mitigate these impacts and decrease risks without introducing persistent legacy contaminants that cause collateral ecosystem impacts. This technical note (TN) identifies novel opportunities enabled by Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, to produce high surface area advanced material composites to rapidly prototype sustainable environmental solutions for aquatic nuisance species control. This innovative research explores deployment of 3D-printable polymer composite structures containing nano-scale photocatalysts for targeted open water treatment of HABs that are customizable to the site-of-concern and also retrievable, reusable, and sustainable. The approach developed to control cyanobacteria HAB events has the potential to augment or replace broadcast, non-specific chemical controls that otherwise put non-target species and ecological resources at long-term risk. It can also augment existing UV-treatment HAB treatment control measures. The expected research outcome is a novel, effective, and sustainable HAB management tool for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and resource managers to deploy in their HAB rapid response programs. The research will provide a framework for scale-up into other manufacturing methods (e.g., injection molding) to produce the devices in bulk (quickly and efficiently). Research for this project title “Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins using 3D Printed Photocatalytic Materials (FY21-23)” was sponsored by the US Army Engineer Research Development Center’s (ERDC) Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program (ANSRP).