Relevant bibliographies by topics / Novel Magnetic Systems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Novel Magnetic Systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Novel Magnetic Systems"

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Inomata, A., J. S. Jiang, C. Y. You, J. E. Pearson, and S. D. Bader. "Magnetic stability of novel exchange coupled systems." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 18, no. 4 (July 2000): 1269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.582338.

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Böse, Holger, and Johannes Ehrlich. "Novel Adaptive Damping Systems Based on Magnetorheological Fluids." Advances in Science and Technology 77 (September 2012): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.77.86.

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Adaptive damping systems based on magnetorheological (MR) fluids allow the continuous control of vibration damping forces depending on the current conditions. In magnetorheological dampers known so far, the magnetic field for the control of the MR fluid is generated by the coil of an electromagnet. Two novel concepts for the magnetic circuit in magnetorheological dampers have been proven where hybrid magnetic circuits consisting of at least one permanent or hard magnet and an electromagnet are used. In the first concept, the electromagnet is combined with two permanent magnets, whose magnetization cannot be modified even by strong magnetic fields of the electromagnet. The main advantage of this configuration is the improved fail-safe behaviour of the damper in case of a power failure. In the second approach, the electromagnet is combined with a hard magnet, whose magnetization can be modified by the electromagnet. This configuration leads to high energy efficiency, because electric power is only required in short pulses for the switching of the hard magnet. Magnetic circuits with the combination of different magnetic field sources were designed supported by simulations of the magnetic flux distribution. Demonstration models for magnetorheological dampers with the distinguished magnetic circuits were constructed and their performances were tested. The results of the investigations are described in this contribution.
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Allia, Paolo, Marco Coisson, Vincenzo Selvaggini, Paola Tiberto, and Franco Vinai. "Novel aspects of magnetoresistance in nanogranular magnetic systems." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 262, no. 1 (May 2003): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(03)00016-7.

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Shchukin, D. G., D. V. Sviridov, and A. I. Kulak. "Magnetorheological photocatalytic systems." International Journal of Photoenergy 1, no. 2 (1999): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x99000124.

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Preparation and properties of a novel photocatalytic system containing magnetic cores coated with subsequently applied silica and titania shells are discussed. The underlying idea is to impart magnetic properties to the semiconductor particles that permits to control the rheological properties of the photocatalyst dispersion and makes possible its separation from treated solution without invoking procedures of filtration or centrifugation. Preparation route yielding photoactive titania coating and silica interlayer, which prevents the undesirable doping of catalyst and parasitic charge exchange between titania shell and magnetic core, is described in detail.
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Cambel, Vladimír, Goran Karapetrov, Valentyn Novosad, Elena Bartolomé, Dagmar Gregušová, Ján Fedor, Robert Kúdela, and Ján Šoltýs. "Novel Hall sensors developed for magnetic field imaging systems." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 316, no. 2 (September 2007): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.02.104.

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Chhetri, Tilak, Gary Cunningham, Dhananjay Suresh, Bruce Shanks, Raghuraman Kannan, Anandhi Upendran, and Zahra Afrasiabi. "Wastewater Treatment Using Novel Magnetic Nanosponges." Water 14, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030505.

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Modern agricultural activities and concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are two of the major sources of groundwater contamination that affect the quality of drinking water. Conventional water quality improvement methods include direct filtration, coagulation/settling treatment techniques, membrane-based systems, and absorption-based systems. However, to date, there are no efficient and cost-effective processes available for water treatment. This study developed an innovative nanotechnology-based technique to improve groundwater quality. Magnetic nanosponges (MNSs) were synthesized and characterized using two different magnetic nanoparticles along with polymeric coagulants. The efficiency of MNSs in removing pollutants in wastewater collected from local diary and swine CAFO lagoons was investigated. Standard water quality evaluation parameters, such as the total organic content (TOC), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD), were measured prior to and after treatment with MNSs. The results demonstrate the potential of MNSs to improve the quality of groundwater and support the development of a cost-effective best management practice (BMP) that also employs traditional coagulants at CAFOs and other wastewater treatment plants.
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Rashidi, Hassan, and Dara Pishdad. "Integrated Multispeed Magnetic Gears: A Novel Approach to Design of Magnetic Transmission Systems." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 4 (April 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2359639.

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Chen, Ke, Guangzu He, Qiong Tang, and Qahtan A.Yousif. "One-Pot Access to Diverse Functionalized Pyran Annulated Heterocyclic Systems Using SCMNPs@BPy-SO3H as a Novel Magnetic Nanocatalyst." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 348–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.2.6693.348-366.

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The SCMNPs@BPy-SO3H catalyst was prepared and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Afterwards, its capability was efficiently used to promote the one-pot, three-component synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole and 2-amino-3-cyano-pyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-one derivatives. The strategy resulted in the desired products with excellent yields and short reaction times. The SCMNPs@BPy-SO3H catalyst was readily recovered using a permanent magnetic field and it was reused in six runs with a slight decrease in catalytic activity. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
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Cugat, O., G. Reyne, J. Delamare, and H. Rostaing. "Novel magnetic micro-actuators and systems (MAGMAS) using permanent magnets." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 129, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.09.058.

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Brooks, N. R., and T. L. Baldwin. "Universal magnetic inversion scheme to design novel superconducting magnet systems." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 13, no. 2 (June 2003): 1676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2003.812861.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Novel Magnetic Systems"

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Liu, Daerhan. "Novel Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonant Systems." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3717.

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Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies have become important for our everyday life. The most commonly used near-field WPT method is inductive coupling, which suffers from low efficiency and small range. The Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) method was developed recently, and it can be used to wirelessly transfer power with higher efficiency over a longer distance than the inductive coupling method. This dissertation develops new SCMR systems that have better performance compared to standard SCMR systems. Specifically, two new 3-D SCMR systems are designed to improve the angular misalignment sensitivity of WPT systems. Their power transfer efficiency for different angular misalignment positions are studied and analyzed. Prototypes are built for both systems and their performance is validated through measurement. Furthermore, new planar broadband conformal SCMR (CSCMR) systems are developed that maintain high efficiency while providing significantly larger bandwidth than standard CSCMR systems. Such broadband CSCMR systems are used here for the first time to simultaneously accomplish highly efficient wireless power transfer and high data rate communication through the same wireless link. These systems that combine wireless power and communication are expected to enable next-generation applications with battery-less and “power-hungry” sensors. Example applications include implantable and wearable sensors as well as embedded sensors for structural health monitoring.
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Walton, Sarah Ann. "Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of novel nanophase magnetic systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243255.

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Siphuma, Lufuno. "Novel α-olefin polymer systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50404.

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Beydoun, Donia Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Development of a novel magnetic photocatalyst : preparation, characterisation and implication for organic degradation in aqueous systems." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20451.

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Magnetic photocatalysts were synthesised by coating a magnetic core with a layer of photoactive titanium dioxide. This magnetic photocatalyst is for use in slurry-type reactors in which the catalyst can be easily recovered by the application of an external magnetic field. The first attempt at producing this magnetic photocatalyst involved the direct deposition of titanium dioxide onto the surface of magnetic iron oxide particles. The photoactivity of these Fe3O4/TiO2 was lower than that of single-phase TiO2 and was found to decrease with an increase in the heat treatment. These observations were explained in terms of an unfavourable heterojunction between the titanium dioxide and the iron oxide core. Fe ion diffusion from the iron oxide core into the titanium dioxide matrix upon heat treatment, leading to a highly doped TiO2 lattice, was also contributing to the observed low activities of these samples. These Fe3O4/TiO2 particles were found to be unstable, with photodissolution of the iron oxide phase being encountered. This photodissolution was dependent on the heat treatment applied, the greater the extent of the heat treatment, the lower the incidence of photodissolution. This was explained in terms of the stability of the iron oxide phases present, as well as the lower photoactivity of the titanium dioxide matrix. In fact, the observed photodissolution was found to be induced-photodissolution. That is, the photogenerated electrons in the titanium dioxide phase were being injected into the lower lying conduction band of the iron oxide core, leading to its reduction and then dissolution. Thus, the approach of directly depositing TiO2 onto the surface of a magnetic iron oxide core proved ineffective in producing a stable magnetic photocatalyst. The introduction of an intermediate passive SiO2 layer between the titanium dioxide phase and the iron oxide phase inhibited the direct electrical contact and hence prevented the photodissolution of the iron oxide phase. Improvements in the photoactivity were seen to be due to the inhibition of both the electronic and chemical interactions between the iron oxide and titanium dioxide phases. Preliminary optimisation experiments revealed that a thin SiO2 layer is sufficient for inhibiting the photodissolution. The thickness of the TiO2 coating was found not to have a significant effect on the photocatalytic performance of the coated particles. Finally, heat treating for 20 minutes at 450??C was sufficient for converting the titanium dioxide into a photoactive phase, longer heating times had no beneficial effect on the photoactivity.
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Margineda, Daniel. "Investigations of spin dynamics in magnetic systems and development of novel probes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111448/.

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This thesis presents the development of the first SQUID-based ac-magnetometer built in a dry dilution fridge. The possibility of expanding the frequency respond from tens of kHz of a commercial magnetometer to the bandwidth of muon-spin relaxation μSR (MHz), an indirect magnetic probe, which measures magnetic dynamics from the depolarisation of fundamental particles, is demonstrated. It opens a new scenario to investigate classical and quantum magnetic fluctuations by a direct probe in a range of frequencies that have an important role in exotic magnetic phases. Geometrical spin ices, frustrated magnets where magnetic excitations can be deconfined forming monopoles are good candidates to investigate. The study of magnetic fluctuations will help to understand the magnetic dynamics of these elementary excitations. Quantum spin liquids, frustrated systems without long-range order but with spins highly correlated that still fluctuate down to zero Kelvin are also interesting systems. The temperature dependence of their quantum fluctuations investigated by μSR have shown a dynamical plateau that might be corroborated by susceptibility measurements. The fabrication of the magnetometer has been combined with μSR investigations of the ground state of NbFe2 and CeRhIn5. The magnetic ground state of the ferromagnetic quantum critical point induced by growing around 1% Nbrich Nb1−yFe2+y is claimed to be reached in this kind of clean itinerant systems by a long–range spin density wave (SDW), although several attempts to identify the ground state by neutron scattering were unsuccessful. The μSR measurements prove that the ground state of the stoichiometric compound is governed by static and short-range correlations or by an incommensurate and helical SDW. The heavy fermion CeRhIn5 was investigated at ambient pressure due to the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and superconducting order in an intermediate region of pressures. The filamentary or bulk nature of the superconducting phase is still until debate and the onset of superconductivity at ambient pressure reported in some works may shed some light into the nature of the ground state. μSR and resistivity measurements were carried out to investigate the antiferromagnetic and helical phase without any signature of a superconducting transition.
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Lang, Franz. "Muon-spin relaxation and density functional techniques in the study of novel magnetic systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:869b716e-2a12-468b-a031-9bfd0078cdaa.

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The main focus of this thesis is the experimental muon-spin relaxation technique (μ+SR) and its application to study novel and unconventional magnetic behaviour. I present a range of experimental measurements which I supplement with theoretical calculations to remove the two main limitations inherent to μ+SR and thereby improve the understanding of the experimentally observed behaviour. Additionally, I investigate the potential effects of demagnetising fields on highfield μ+SR measurements. μ+SR employs positively charged muons as sensitive local magnetic probes but has the essential drawback that there is normally a lack of knowledge about where the muons implant in a given sample and the extent of subsequent local distortions. In some cases this nescience makes interpretation of μ+SR data very challenging and severely limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Two research projects presented in this thesis are centred around utilising ab initio structural calculations based on density functional theory in order to remove these two inherent limitations of μ+SR and gain insights into the stopping sites of the muons and their local environments. In the case of the Pr based pyrochlores Pr2B2O7 (B=Sn, Hf, Zr, Ir) I combine such ab initio computations of the muon sites with calculations of the crystalfield levels of the Pr3+ ions. I demonstrate that the non-Kramers doublet ground state of the Pr ions is split due to the presence of the muons and that this consequently results in a hyperfine enhancement of the Pr nuclear moments. By showing the theoretically calculated values of the ground state splittings to be in fair agreement with those obtained from fits to the experimental data, I demonstrate that the μ+SR measurements of Pr2B2O7 re ect muon induced effects rather than intrinsic behaviour. I subsequently investigate the conceptually very similar spin ices A2Ti2O7 (A= Dy, Ho) using the same methodology and confirm that in this case the muons act as passive probes. A second project presented in this thesis concerns the compound a-RuCl3, in which Ru ions form nearly perfect two-dimensional honeycomb layers. The experimental μ+SR data reveal two magnetic phase transitions, the origins of which I study by combining calculations of the potential muon sites with computations of the dipolar fields experienced by the muons at these sites for different magnetic structures. I show that the experimental observations are only fully explained through a temperature regime between the two measured transitions in which the Ru spins share significant correlations within the honeycomb layers but not between the separate layers. A final research aspect I present is a study of the potential effects of demagnetising fields in high field μ+SR measurements. I derive an analytical solution for the demagnetising tensor of a uniformly magnetised finite cylinder and use it to show that edge regions of a sample suffer the most from demagnetising effects. I subsequently discuss the resulting experimental signatures and methods to identify and reduce them.
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Liu, Peiwen. "Ultrafast Optical Control And Characterization Of Carrier And Spin Dynamics In Novel Magnetic Topological Insulator Systems." W&M ScholarWorks, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1627047889.

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Magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) are of considerable interest in developing novel spintronics and quantum computing applications. Under the topological protection by time-reversal Z2 invariant number, magnetic topological insulators are provided with robust electronic and magnetic properties against local perturbations. The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), which harbors dissipationless chiral edge states in MTIs, provides a competitive platform for future low-power consumption and high-speed spintronic devices. Although the present studies on both bulk and surface magnetic properties in MTIs have made significant progress, the in-depth understanding of the exchange couplings and the interaction between the two magnetization sources is far from completion. In addition, the optical control of the non-trivial properties in MTIs is important in achieving novel applications for ultrafast optoelectronics and optical spintronics. The goal of this dissertation is to understand and manipulate the dynamical spin coupling as well as the carrier relaxation dynamics in MTIs, using the static magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and the time-resolved magneto optical Kerr effect (TRMOKE) techniques. First, a pronounced spin-valve-like structure of dynamical magnetization is observed in Cr-(Bi,Sb)2Te3/CrSb bilayer heterostructure through the pump-modulated MOKE characterization. The characters of the soft and resilient ferromagnetic phases are distinguished in terms of the spin coupling between the dynamical surface and bulk ferromagnetism. The dynamical bulk ferromagnetic ordering is softened by a laser-induced heat effect on the lattice, while the dynamical surface magnetization is enhanced via the strengthening Dirac-hole-mediated exchange coupling. In addition, the pump-fluence-dependent measurement of the exchange-bias effect provides further evidence for the enhancement of MTI surface magnetization at the MTI/AFM interface. Lastly, we propose a theoretical model that includes the long-range p-d exchange coupling and a Dirac-hole-mediated exchange interaction and estimate the exchange coupling energies in the MTI/AFM bilayer structure. Second, ultralong carrier lifetimes (3~20 ns) of the optically pumped surface states are observed in Cr-(Bi,Sb)2Te3 MTI which corresponds to the slow radiative recombination within the gapped Dirac cone. The photoinjection dependency of radiative lifetimes suggests a strong Coulomb screening effect of electron-hole plasma on surface excitons. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical simulation. On the other hand, the nonradiative nature of bulk electron relaxation is identified with a lifetime of ~1000 ps by photoinjection- and temperature- dependent reflectivity measurements. The finding of long-lived excited carriers in MTI improves the understanding of the general carrier dynamics in topological insulators-based materials.
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Ring, Andrew Phillip. "Investigation of magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of novel materials involving cobalt ferrite and terbium silicon germanium systems." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Costa, Jessica. "Use and characterisation of free or immobilised enzymatic systems for the synthesis and functionalisation of novel materials." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1127196.

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The work reported in this Ph.D. thesis is focused on the use and immobilisation of enzymes to produce new materials, which are important for biotechnological applications. The use of enzymes in industrial sectors is continuously increasing. Enzymes offer many advantages over traditional chemical processes. The research work of this thesis can be divided into two parts. The first part is focused on the immobilisation of laccase and chitinase. The main object of enzymatic immobilisation is to enhance the economics of biocatalytic processes. Enzymatic immobilisation allows the reuse of enzymes for an extended period of time and enables easier separation of the catalyst from the product. Furthermore, immobilisation improves many properties of enzymes: performance in the organic solvents, pH tolerance and heat stability. The most widely used immobilisation method is the covalent binding of the enzyme to support. Different type of support can be chosen for enzymatic immobilisation. As the material can plays a crucial role in the immobilisation process and the properties of the produced catalytic system. In this thesis we have chosen two different supports: super paramagnetic nanoparticles for both the enzymes used and the chitosan beads as an alternative support for chitinase. Magnetic nanoparticles show interesting properties for enzymatic immobilisation, they can be obtained with small size, increasing the yield of enzymatic immobilisation and above all, the reaction products can be easily recovered applying an external magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticles were prepared following the traditional method of co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. This immobilisation process was successfully used for chitinase, obtaining a high immobilisation yield and increasing enzymatic stability. Different was for laccase, which having a different catalytic mechanism a revision of the synthesis has been attempt. The use of the magnetic nanoparticles obtained with the traditional method hampered the detection of stable radical species formed during the catalytic mechanism as it happens for the oxidation product of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), the standard compound used to test the enzyme activity. Changing some synthetic parameters, the new magnetic nanoparticles were produced and characterized. In fact nanoparticles with a lower aggregation state and a smaller hydrodynamic diameter were obtained and tested without any interference with the ABTS substrate. Chitinase was also immobilised on chitosan beads/Macro-Spheres (CMS), as this support is completely atoxic and so most suitable for application in food industries.The presence of active amino groups in deacetylated GlcNAc units of chitosan also enables the binding of the linker (glutaraldehyde and genipin) and then of the enzyme. The goal of this part of the thesis was to attempt the immobilisation of Chitinase on different supports, MNPs and CMS, for the efficient production of COS. The second part of this thesis is focused on the use of enzymes to produce melanin pigments. Melanins have a variety of biological functions, including protection against UV radiation, free radical scavengers and metal ions chelators. Thanks to their properties, melanins found applications in several fields such as cosmetics, optoelectronics, food, and pharmacology. Eumelanin and Pheomelanin have been produced by oxidative enzymatic synthesis using laccase from Trametes versicolor and then characterized by the use of Multifrequency Continuos Wave (CW) and pulse Q-band EPR. Then, as soluble melanin pigments have important technological applications in different fields, like in optoelectonics, soluble pigments mimicking pyomelanin structure have been synthesized starting from Homogentisic Acid and Gentisic Acid monomers and spectroscopically characterized with their antioxidant activities determination.
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Obi, Aghogho A. "A Novel Radio Frequency Coil Design for Breast Cancer Screening in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging System." Digital WPI, 2004. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/91.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used soft tissue imaging technique that has gained considerable success because of its sensitivity to several tissue parameters. However, commercially available whole-body imaging systems with large encircling radio frequency (RF) and gradient coils are less efficient when the goal is to obtain detailed, high-resolution images with high specificity and sensitivity from localized regions of the body such as the female breast. This research addresses these problems by proposing a new design in RF coil development for breast cancer screening in a conventional 1.5T MRI system. The new design provides two resonant receiving modes that operate in a quadrature configuration, and a region of interest (ROI) that closely conforms to the shape of the female breast. We adopted an optimum design strategy that combined the analytic Biot-Savart intergral equation with the Method of Moment formulation in the development of electromagnetic models and simulation tools. These models were used to analyze the magnetic field distribution and the spatial field coverage, as well as the magnetic field uniformity in the ROI. Results from our analysis were employed in the construction of a highly scalable prototype. The validation of our design strategy is confirmed by comparisons with the commercial Ansoft HFSS v8.5 finite element package.
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Books on the topic "Novel Magnetic Systems"

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Jörn, Borgert, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Magnetic Particle Imaging: A Novel SPIO Nanoparticle Imaging Technique. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Hausenblas, Monika. Investigation of low energy excitations in novel semiconducting systems by means of far infrared magnetospectroscopy. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre Verlag, 1992.

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International Workshop on Application of Submillimeter Wave Electron Spin Resonance for Novel Magnetic Systems (2002 Tohoku University). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Application of Submillimeter Wave Electron Spin Resonance for Novel Magnetic Systems: June 13-14, 2002, IMR, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. Edited by Ohta Hitoshi, Nojiri Hiroyuki, Motokawa M, and Tōhoku Daigaku. Kinzoku Zairyō Kenkyūjo. Tokyo, Japan: Physical Society of Japan, 2003.

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Magnetic Particle Imaging A Novel Spio Nanoparticle Imaging Technique. Springer, 2012.

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Buzug, Thorsten M., and Jörn Borgert. Magnetic Particle Imaging: A Novel SPIO Nanoparticle Imaging Technique. Springer, 2014.

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Narlikar, A. V., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Small Superconductors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198738169.001.0001.

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This handbook examines cutting-edge developments in research and applications of small or mesoscopic superconductors, offering a glimpse of what might emerge as a giga world of nano superconductors. Contributors, who are eminent frontrunners in the field, share their insights on the current status and great promise of small superconductors in the theoretical, experimental, and technological spheres. They discuss the novel and intriguing features and theoretical underpinnings of the phenomenon of mesoscopic superconductivity, the latest fabrication methods and characterization tools, and the opportunities and challenges associated with technological advances. The book is organized into three parts. Part I deals with developments in basic research of small superconductors, including local-scale spectroscopic studies of vortex organization in such materials, Andreev reflection and related studies in low-dimensional superconducting systems, and research on surface and interface superconductivity. Part II covers the materials aspects of small superconductors, including mesoscopic effects in superconductor–ferromagnet hybrids, micromagnetic measurements on electrochemically grown mesoscopic superconductors, and magnetic flux avalanches in superconducting films with mesoscopic artificial patterns. Part III reviews the current progress in the device technology of small superconductors, focusing on superconducting spintronics and devices, barriers in Josephson junctions, hybrid superconducting devices based on quantum wires, superconducting nanodevices, superconducting quantum bits of information, and the use of nanoSQUIDs in the investigation of small magnetic systems.
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Marques, Tiago Reis, and Shitij Kapur. Novel Approaches for Treating Psychotic Disorders. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0021.

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Current antipsychotic medications have been the mainstay in the treatment of schizophrenia since chlorpromazine was introduced in 1952. However, all antipsychotics share the same mechanism of action, which involves a blockade of the dopamine D2-receptor. This chapter covers recent attempts to develop new treatments for psychotic disorders. These include new approaches to the delivery of existing antipsychotic medications and the most recent and promising mechanisms of action that are distinct from existing antipsychotics. Some of the new mechanisms of action include drugs targeting the glutamatergic system, the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the phosphodiesterase 10A enzyme, or the muscarinic and serotoninergic system. Finally, we have reviewed a number of alternative nonpharmacological pathways, such as avatar therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, or cognitive remediation. The chapter ends by discussing some of the major challenges facing the development of new treatments for psychotic disorders.
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Narlikar, A. V., and Y. Y. Fu, eds. Oxford Handbook of Nanoscience and Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.001.0001.

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This Handbook consolidates some of the major scientific and technological achievements in different aspects of the field of nanoscience and technology. It consists of theoretical papers, many of which are linked with current and future nanodevices, molecular-based materials and junctions (including Josephson nanocontacts). Self-organization of nanoparticles, atomic chains, and nanostructures at surfaces are further described in detail. Topics include: a unified view of nanoelectronic devices; electronic and transport properties of doped silicon nanowires; quasi-ballistic electron transport in atomic wires; thermal transport of small systems; patterns and pathways in nanoparticle self-organization; nanotribology; and the electronic structure of epitaxial graphene. The volume also explores quantum-theoretical approaches to proteins and nucleic acids; magnetoresistive phenomena in nanoscale magnetic contacts; novel superconducting states in nanoscale superconductors; left-handed metamaterials; correlated electron transport in molecular junctions; spin currents in semiconductor nanostructures; and disorder-induced electron localization in molecular-based materials.
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Konrad, Kerstin, Adriana Di Martino, and Yuta Aoki. Brain volumes and intrinsic brain connectivity in ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0006.

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Neuroimaging studies have increased our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD. Structural brain imaging studies demonstrate widespread changes in brain volumes, in particular in frontal-striatal-cerebellar networks. Based on the widespread nature of structural and functional brain abnormalities, approaches able to capture the organizing principles of large-scale neural systems have been used in ADHD. These include diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI). Complementary to findings of volumetric studies, diffusion investigations have reported structural connectivity abnormalities in frontal-striatal-cerebellar networks. In parallel, R-fMRI studies point towards abnormalities in the interaction of multiple networks, extending the functional territory of explorations beyond cognitive and motor control. In the future, a deep phenotypic characterization beyond diagnostic categories combined with longitudinal study designs and novel analytical approaches will accelerate the pace towards clinical translations of neuroimaging to improve the detection and prediction of neural trajectories and treatment response in ADHD.
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Esch, Megan, and Nancy L. Sicotte. Neuroimaging in Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0007.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord plays an integral role in establishing the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The use of MRI leads to earlier recognition of MS, allowing for earlier treatment initiation and more efficient monitoring of disease treatment and progress. This chapter outlines conventional MRI imaging sequences that are used to evaluate MS white matter lesions in the central nervous system. It also addresses the incorporation of new imaging techniques that have increased understanding of clinically definite MS, its variants, and how various diseases can mimic traditional MS. Finally, it examines novel imaging protocols that have been implemented in MS research, which have elucidated radiographic and pathophysiologic nuances and involvement of deeper central nervous system structures and tracts that play a role in MS progression.
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Book chapters on the topic "Novel Magnetic Systems"

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Hernando, A. "Exchange Interaction in Multiphase Systems." In Magnetic Hysteresis in Novel Magnetic Materials, 609–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5478-9_65.

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Morrish, A. H. "Magnetization Processes in Composite Systems." In Magnetic Hysteresis in Novel Magnetic Materials, 619–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5478-9_66.

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Chantrell, R. W. "Interaction effects in Fine Particle Systems." In Magnetic Hysteresis in Novel Magnetic Materials, 21–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5478-9_2.

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Oitmaa, J. "Finite Lattice Calculations for Magnetic Systems." In Computational Approaches to Novel Condensed Matter Systems, 269–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9791-6_14.

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Hosoya, S., S. Shamoto, M. Onoda, and M. Sato. "Crystal Preparation of (La1−xMx)2CuO4−δ (M=Sr and Ba) and Discovery of Magnetic Superconductors Ln-Ba-Cu-O Systems (Ln=Lanthanide Atoms)." In Novel Superconductivity, 909–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1937-5_114.

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Salas, Francisco H. "Novel Low Field ac Magnetic Susceptibility Technique in UHV: Magnetism of hcp Gd(0001)." In Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and Other Spin Systems, 519–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2379-0_28.

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Chakraborty, Tapash, Aram Kh Manaselyan, and Manuk G. Barseghyan. "Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Quantum Rings in Novel Systems." In Physics of Quantum Rings, 283–326. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95159-1_11.

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Pardavi-Horvath, M. "An Experimental System of the Classical Preisach Model of Magnetic Hysteresis." In Magnetic Hysteresis in Novel Magnetic Materials, 165–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5478-9_15.

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Hertzog, B., T. Mottl, D. Yim, and E. Mathiowitz. "Microspheres for Use in a Novel Electromagnetic Bioadhesion Testing System." In Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers, 77–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6482-6_6.

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Xu, Xiaozhuo, Xudong Wang, Haichao Feng, and Jikai Si. "Lateral Air-Gap Control of a Novel Detent-Force-Based Magnetic Suspension System." In Electrical, Information Engineering and Mechatronics 2011, 463–70. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2467-2_54.

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Conference papers on the topic "Novel Magnetic Systems"

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Peng, Kai-Yang, and Jen-Yuan (James) Chang. "Development of Novel Rotary Magnetic Encoder." In ASME 2019 28th Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2019-7502.

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Abstract This paper discussed the development and validation of a new rotary magnetic encoder for measurement of spindle’s axial displacements. The novelty of this work is on the design of permanent magnets as the magnetizing source to produce alternative magnetic polarities on ferromagnetic material electroplated on disk/ring-like flange that is attached to the targeted spindle shaft. Through mechatronics integration and numerical finite element parameter studies, the optimal combination of the magnetizer design parameters with consideration of the arrangement of magnetoresistive (MR) elements is reached to produce the novel encoding magnetic patterns for the axial displacement measurements. The effectiveness of the proposed method is further validated through calibrated experiments leading to the conclusion of reaching 10um accuracy performance in the measurement of the spindle’s axial elongation.
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Terekhov, Pavel D., Andrey B. Evlyukhin, Valentyn S. Volkov, Alexander S. Shalin, and Alina Karabchevsky. "Quadrumer-based dielectric metasurfaces featuring magnetic octupole resonance." In Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXIII, edited by Cornelius F. Hahlweg and Joseph R. Mulley. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2568945.

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Cheng, Chih-Cheng, Tien-Kan Chung, Chin-Chung Chen, and Hsin-Min Wang. "A Novel Thermomagnetic Rotational-Actuator." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-9031.

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In this article, we demonstrate a novel thermomagnetic rotational-actuator. The actuator consists of thermomagnetic material Gadolinium sheets, thermoelectric generators, a rotary aluminum cantilever beam with NdFeB hard magnets fixed on the free-end of the beam, a stainless steel bearing, and a mechanical frame. As conventional magnetic rotational-actuators are controlled by using electromagnetic-induction-based magnetic-force interaction produced by electromagnets or coils, our actuator is controlled by using a heating-induced magnetic force interaction produced by the thermomagnetic generators. Experimental results show that our actuator is successfully rotated by a controlled sequence of temperature-difference generated by the TEGs.
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Schramm, Marco, and Wilfried Hofmann. "Novel Magnetic Displacement Sensor for Mechatronical Systems." In IECON 2007 - 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2007.4459892.

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Zhao, B. "Magnetic Systems with Carbon Nanotubes." In STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES: XVI International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1514188.

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Emmerich, H., M. Schofthaler, and U. Knauss. "A novel micromachined magnetic-field sensor." In Technical Digest. IEEE International MEMS 99 Conference. Twelfth IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (Cat. No.99CH36291). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.1999.746759.

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Kucuk, Fuat, and Sadra Mousavi. "Development of a novel Coaxial Magnetic Gear." In 2017 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems (ELMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elma.2017.7955394.

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von Lockette, Paris, and Robert Sheridan. "Folding Actuation and Locomotion of Novel Magneto-Active Elastomer (MAE) Composites." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3222.

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Magneto-active elastomers (also called magnetorheological elastomers) are most often used in vibration attenuation application due to their ability to increase in shear modulus under a magnetic field. These shear-stiffening materials are generally comprised of soft-magnetic iron particles embedded in a rubbery elastomer matrix. More recently researchers have begun fabricating MAEs using hard-magnetic particles such as barium ferrite. Under the influence of uniform magnetic fields these hard-magnetic MAEs have shown large deformation bending behaviors resulting from magnetic torques acting on the distributed particles and consequently highlight their ability for use as remotely powered actuators. Using the magnetic-torque-driven hard-magnetic MAE materials and an unfilled silicone elastomer, this work develops novel composite geometries for actuation and locomotion. MAE materials are fabricated using 30% v/v 325 mesh barium ferrite particles in Dow Corning HS II silicone elastomers. MAE materials are cured in a 2T magnetic field to create magnetically aligned (anisotropic) materials as confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Gelest optical encapsulant is used as the uniflled elastomer material. Mechanical actuation tests of cantilevers in bending and of accordion folding structures highlight the ability of the material to perform work in moderate, uniform fields of μ0H = 150 mT. Computational simulations are developed for comparison. Folding structures are also investigated as a means to produce untethered locomotion across a flat surface when subjected to an alternating field similar to scratch drive actuators; geometries investigated show promising results.
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Weibing Lu, Hilal Gul, Peng Xu, Woon T. Ang, James Xing, Jian Zhang, and Jie Chen. "A novel gene delivery system using magnetic nanodarts." In 2009 IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop (LiSSA) Formerly known as LSSA and. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lissa.2009.4906738.

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Chao, Che-Peng, and Kun-Long Chen. "Novel Environmental Magnetic Field Measurement Using A Drone." In 2023 12th International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies (MOCAST). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mocast57943.2023.10176847.

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Reports on the topic "Novel Magnetic Systems"

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Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, and et al. SMILE Definition Study Report. ESA SCI, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.smile.definition_study_report-2018-12.

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The SMILE definition study report describes a novel self-standing mission dedicated to observing solar wind-magnetosphere coupling via simultaneous in situ solar wind/magnetosheath plasma and magnetic field measurements, X-Ray images of the magnetosheath and magnetic cusps, and UV images of global auroral distributions defining system-level consequences. The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) will complement all solar, solar wind and in situ magnetospheric observations, including both space- and ground-based observatories, to enable the first-ever observations of the full chain of events that drive the Sun-Earth connection.
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Ludtka, Gail Mackiewicz, and Aashish Chourey. A Study to Develop an Industrial-Scale, Computer-Controlled High Magnetic Field Processing (HMFP) System to Assist in Commercializing the Novel, Enabling HMFP Manufacturing Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985292.

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Lutdka, G. M., and A. Chourey. A Study to Develop an Industrial-Scale, Computer-Controlled High Magnetic Field Processing (HMFP) System to Assist in Commercializing the Novel, Enabling HMFP Manufacturing Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/979629.

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Swankie, Martin, and Andrews. L51641 Evaluate NDT Methods for Welds in Service. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010626.

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The inspection of welds made onto in-service pipelines, which are made primarily for attaching branch connections and repair sleeves, has been the subject of much concern in recent years. The difficulties associated with the inspection of these welds have long been recognized and, historically, the amount of inspection given to such welds has been small. The inspection of welds joining various appurtenances to pipelines is hampered for a number of reasons. The joint geometries can vary considerably, but none of them are particularly suited to detailed inspection. Surface techniques, such as magnetic particle and liquid-penetrant testing, rely on the flaws being at or near the surface, and this is not necessarily the case with the welds of concern. Radiography is difficult since it is not possible to place a radiation source within the pipeline. Ultrasonic inspection is, therefore, the only option if a full volumetric inspection is required. This is made difficult by the inherent complex geometries, and limited access to many of the welds. Welding on pipelines containing flowing, pressurized products results in very rapid cooling of the weld metal and heat-affected-zone regions, significantly increasing the risk of cracking. The use of high hydrogen consumables (specifically EXX10 SMAW electrodes) adds considerably to the risk The probability of discontinuities forming during welding on in-service pipelines is therefore considerably greater than for pipelines that do not contain flowing products. The goal of the present work was to evaluate existing techniques, and to develop and verify improved methodsfor inspection of such welds. In the first phase of this program, welded assemblies that contain realistic examples of discontinuities that occur in practice were produced In the second phase, the reliability of existing nondestructive testing methods were evaluated along with the reliability of novel nondestructive testing systems. The overall objectives of these first two phases were to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of nondestructive testing methods currently applied to welds made onto in-service pipelines, and to assess the improvement possible with methods that are more advanced, but so far have had limited application to these welds. The objective for the Phase III continuation of this project is to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of nondestructive testing methods using procedures that are optimized based on the knowledge acquired in the first two phases.
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