Journal articles: 'Novel actinomycetes'

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Jagannathan, Sveta V., Erika M. Manemann, Sarah E. Rowe, Maiya C. Callender, and William Soto. "Marine Actinomycetes, New Sources of Biotechnological Products." Marine Drugs 19, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19070365.

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The Actinomycetales order is one of great genetic and functional diversity, including diversity in the production of secondary metabolites which have uses in medical, environmental rehabilitation, and industrial applications. Secondary metabolites produced by actinomycete species are an abundant source of antibiotics, antitumor agents, anthelmintics, and antifungals. These actinomycete-derived medicines are in circulation as current treatments, but actinomycetes are also being explored as potential sources of new compounds to combat multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Actinomycetes as a potential to solve environmental concerns is another area of recent investigation, particularly their utility in the bioremediation of pesticides, toxic metals, radioactive wastes, and biofouling. Other applications include biofuels, detergents, and food preservatives/additives. Exploring other unique properties of actinomycetes will allow for a deeper understanding of this interesting taxonomic group. Combined with genetic engineering, microbial experimental evolution, and other enhancement techniques, it is reasonable to assume that the use of marine actinomycetes will continue to increase. Novel products will begin to be developed for diverse applied research purposes, including zymology and enology. This paper outlines the current knowledge of actinomycete usage in applied research, focusing on marine isolates and providing direction for future research.

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Wang, Dong-sheng, Hai-ke Ren, E. Erihemu, and Zhi-yi Zheng. "Isolation, identification and antagonistic activity evaluation of actinomycetes in barks of nine trees." Archives of Biological Sciences 69, no. 2 (2017): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs160429109w.

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Actinomycetes are important producers of novel bioactive compounds. New sources need to be explored for isolating previously unknown bioactive compound-producing actinomycetes. Here we evaluated the potential of bark as a natural source of novel bioactive actinomycete species. Bark samples were collected from nine tree species at different elevations (1600-3400 ma.s.l.) on Qin Mountain, Shaanxi Province, China. Actinomycetes were cultivated, enumerated and isolated using serial dilution and spread-plate techniques. The antimicrobial activity of actinomycete isolates was analyzed using an agar block method against 15 typical bacterial and fungal species and plant pathogens. The dominant isolates were identified by 16S rRNA-based sequence analysis. Results showed that actinomycete counts in bark samples of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. was the highest among all trees species tested. The numbers of actinomycete species in bark samples were highest in Q. aliena var. acutiserrata and Spiraea alpina Pall. Antagonistic activity wasdetected in approximately 54% of the actinomycete isolates. Of these, 20 isolates (25%) showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against ?5 of the microorganisms tested. In conclusion, the bark on coniferous and broadleaf trees possesses a high diversity of actinomycetes and serves as a natural source of bioactive compound-producing actinomycetes.

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Solecka, Jolanta, Joanna Zajko, Magdalena Postek, and Aleksandra Rajnisz. "Biologically active secondary metabolites from Actinomycetes." Open Life Sciences 7, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0036-1.

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AbstractSecondary metabolites obtained from Actinomycetales provide a potential source of many novel compounds with antibacterial, antitumour, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic and other properties. The majority of these compounds are widely used as medicines for combating multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Members of the genus Streptomyces are profile producers of previously-known secondary metabolites. Actinomycetes have been isolated from terrestrial soils, from the rhizospheres of plant roots, and recently from marine sediments. This review demonstrates the diversity of secondary metabolites produced by actinomycete strains with respect to their chemical structure, biological activity and origin. On the basis of this diversity, this review concludes that the discovery of new bioactive compounds will continue to pose a great challenge for scientists.

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Subramani and Sipkema. "Marine Rare Actinomycetes: A Promising Source of Structurally Diverse and Unique Novel Natural Products." Marine Drugs 17, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17050249.

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Rare actinomycetes are prolific in the marine environment; however, knowledge about their diversity, distribution and biochemistry is limited. Marine rare actinomycetes represent a rather untapped source of chemically diverse secondary metabolites and novel bioactive compounds. In this review, we aim to summarize the present knowledge on the isolation, diversity, distribution and natural product discovery of marine rare actinomycetes reported from mid-2013 to 2017. A total of 97 new species, representing 9 novel genera and belonging to 27 families of marine rare actinomycetes have been reported, with the highest numbers of novel isolates from the families Pseudonocardiaceae, Demequinaceae, Micromonosporaceae and Nocardioidaceae. Additionally, this study reviewed 167 new bioactive compounds produced by 58 different rare actinomycete species representing 24 genera. Most of the compounds produced by the marine rare actinomycetes present antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer or antimalarial activities. The highest numbers of natural products were derived from the genera Nocardiopsis, Micromonospora, Salinispora and Pseudonocardia. Members of the genus Micromonospora were revealed to be the richest source of chemically diverse and unique bioactive natural products.

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Peraud, Olivier, Jason S. Biggs, Ronald W. Hughen, Alan R. Light, Gisela P. Concepcion, Baldomero M. Olivera, and Eric W. Schmidt. "Microhabitats within Venomous Cone Snails Contain Diverse Actinobacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 21 (September 11, 2009): 6820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01238-09.

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ABSTRACT Actinomycetes can be symbionts in diverse organisms, including both plants and animals. Some actinomycetes benefit their host by producing small molecule secondary metabolites; the resulting symbioses are often developmentally complex. Actinomycetes associated with three cone snails were studied. Cone snails are venomous tropical marine gastropods which have been extensively examined because of their production of peptide-based neurological toxins, but no microbiological studies have been reported on these organisms. A microhabitat approach was used in which dissected tissue from each snail was treated as an individual sample in order to explore bacteria in the tissues separately. Our results revealed a diverse, novel, and highly culturable cone snail-associated actinomycete community, with some isolates showing promising bioactivity in a neurological assay. This suggests that cone snails may represent an underexplored reservoir of novel actinomycetes of potential interest for drug discovery.

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Saito, Shun, and Midori A. Arai. "Methodology for awakening the potential secondary metabolic capacity in actinomycetes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 20 (April 10, 2024): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.69.

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Secondary metabolites produced by actinomycete strains undoubtedly have great potential for use in applied research areas such as drug discovery. However, it is becoming difficult to obtain novel compounds because of repeated isolation around the world. Therefore, a new strategy for discovering novel secondary metabolites is needed. Many researchers believe that actinomycetes have as yet unanalyzed secondary metabolic activities, and the associated undiscovered secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes are called “silent” genes. This review outlines several approaches to further activate the metabolic potential of actinomycetes.

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Shah, Aabid Manzoor, Shahid Rasool, Aasif Majeed, Saleem Mushtaq, Mudasir Hafiz Khan, Aehtesham Hussain, Aiyatullah Shah, and Qazi Parvaiz Hassan. "Reappraisal of actinomycetes for novel bioactive metabolites." Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal VI, no. I (June 30, 2017): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ap.2017.6.1.3.

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Handayani, Ira, Hamada Saad, Shanti Ratnakomala, Puspita Lisdiyanti, Wien Kusharyoto, Janina Krause, Andreas Kulik, et al. "Mining Indonesian Microbial Biodiversity for Novel Natural Compounds by a Combined Genome Mining and Molecular Networking Approach." Marine Drugs 19, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060316.

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Indonesia is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world and a promising resource for novel natural compound producers. Actinomycetes produce about two thirds of all clinically used antibiotics. Thus, exploiting Indonesia’s microbial diversity for actinomycetes may lead to the discovery of novel antibiotics. A total of 422 actinomycete strains were isolated from three different unique areas in Indonesia and tested for their antimicrobial activity. Nine potent bioactive strains were prioritized for further drug screening approaches. The nine strains were cultivated in different solid and liquid media, and a combination of genome mining analysis and mass spectrometry (MS)-based molecular networking was employed to identify potential novel compounds. By correlating secondary metabolite gene cluster data with MS-based molecular networking results, we identified several gene cluster-encoded biosynthetic products from the nine strains, including naphthyridinomycin, amicetin, echinomycin, tirandamycin, antimycin, and desferrioxamine B. Moreover, 16 putative ion clusters and numerous gene clusters were detected that could not be associated with any known compound, indicating that the strains can produce novel secondary metabolites. Our results demonstrate that sampling of actinomycetes from unique and biodiversity-rich habitats, such as Indonesia, along with a combination of gene cluster networking and molecular networking approaches, accelerates natural product identification.

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Tarasova, Ekaterina V., Natalia A. Luchnikova, Victoria V. Grishko, and Irina B. Ivshina. "Actinomycetes as Producers of Biologically Active Terpenoids: Current Trends and Patents." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 6 (June 12, 2023): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16060872.

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Terpenes and their derivatives (terpenoids and meroterpenoids, in particular) constitute the largest class of natural compounds, which have valuable biological activities and are promising therapeutic agents. The present review assesses the biosynthetic capabilities of actinomycetes to produce various terpene derivatives; reports the main methodological approaches to searching for new terpenes and their derivatives; identifies the most active terpene producers among actinomycetes; and describes the chemical diversity and biological properties of the obtained compounds. Among terpene derivatives isolated from actinomycetes, compounds with pronounced antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other effects were determined. Actinomycete-produced terpenoids and meroterpenoids with high antimicrobial activity are of interest as a source of novel antibiotics effective against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Most of the discovered terpene derivatives are produced by the genus Streptomyces; however, recent publications have reported terpene biosynthesis by members of the genera Actinomadura, Allokutzneria, Amycolatopsis, Kitasatosporia, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis, Salinispora, Verrucosispora, etc. It should be noted that the use of genetically modified actinomycetes is an effective tool for studying and regulating terpenes, as well as increasing productivity of terpene biosynthesis in comparison with native producers. The review includes research articles on terpene biosynthesis by Actinomycetes between 2000 and 2022, and a patent analysis in this area shows current trends and actual research directions in this field.

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C. P., Kulkarni, and Maurya C. B. "Characterization of the Cellulase Enzyme Produced by Actinomycetes Isolated from the Mangrove Coastal Areas." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2495.

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ABSTRACT: Cellulase enzyme plays an important role in converting cellulosic biomass in high value products and therefore finds various applications in a number of industries such as pulp and paper, textile, laundry, biofuel production, food and feed industry, brewing and agriculture. Although there are various sources available for obtaining enzymes of industrial applications such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, microalgae, animals and plants; microorganisms represent the most common source of enzymes because of their broad biochemical diversity, feasibility of mass culture and ease of genetic manipulation. Among the microorganisms, actinomycetes are increasingly becoming an important resource for the production of therapeutic molecules and industrially important enzymes. Considering this, the present investigation was undertaken to isolate a novel actinomycete strain from a sea sediment sample and explore its ability to produce the enzyme cellulase. After morphological and biochemical studies, this actinomycete strain was further characterized using its 16S rRNA gene sequence and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The activity and stability of the extracted enzyme from this actinomycete was analyzed. Finally, the applications of this extracted enzyme were studied.

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Mondal, Haimanti, and John Thomas. "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Actinomycete Isolated from Marine Sediments and Its Antibacterial Activity against Fish Pathogens." Antibiotics 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111546.

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Marine habitats are especially complex, with a varied diversity of living organisms. Marine organisms, while living in such intense conditions, have developed great physiological and metabolic potential to survive. This has led them to produce several potent metabolites, which their terrestrial counterparts are unable to produce. Over the past few years, marine Actinomycetes have been considered one of the most abundant sources of diverse and novel metabolites. In this work, an attempt was made to isolate Actinomycetes from marine sediments in terms of their ability to produce several novel bioactive compounds. A total of 16 different Actinomycete colonies were obtained from marine sediment samples. Among the 16 Actinomycete isolates, 2 isolates demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahemolyticus. However, among them, only one isolate was found to have potent antibacterial activity, and hence, was taken for further analysis. This isolate was designated as Beijerinickia fluminensis VIT01. The bioactive components obtained were extracted and later subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses for identification. Several novel bioactive compounds were reported from the data obtained and were found to have potent antibacterial activity. Hence, they could be used as an alternative to antibiotics for treating several fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry.

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Guo, Xiaoxuan, Ning Liu, Xiaomin Li, Yun Ding, Fei Shang, Yongsheng Gao, Jisheng Ruan, and Ying Huang. "Red Soils Harbor Diverse Culturable Actinomycetes That Are Promising Sources of Novel Secondary Metabolites." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 9 (February 27, 2015): 3086–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03859-14.

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ABSTRACTRed soils, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, are characterized by low organic carbon, high content of iron oxides, and acidity and, hence, are likely to be ideal habitats for acidophilic actinomycetes. However, the diversity and biosynthetic potential of actinomycetes in such habitats are underexplored. Here, a total of 600 actinomycete strains were isolated from red soils collected in Jiangxi Province in southeast China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a high diversity of the isolates, which were distributed into 26 genera, 10 families, and 7 orders within the classActinobacteria; these taxa contained at least 49 phylotypes that are likely to represent new species within 15 genera. The isolates showed good physiological potentials for biosynthesis and biocontrol. Chemical screening of 107 semirandomly selected isolates spanning 20 genera revealed the presence of at least 193 secondary metabolites from 52 isolates, of which 125 compounds from 39 isolates of 12 genera were putatively novel. Macrolides, polyethers, diketopiperazines, and siderophores accounted for most of the known compounds. The structures of six novel compounds were elucidated, two of which had a unique skeleton and represented characteristic secondary metabolites of a putative novelStreptomycesphylotype. These results demonstrate that red soils are rich reservoirs for diverse culturable actinomycetes, notably members of the familiesStreptomycetaceae,Pseudonocardiaceae, andStreptosporangiaceae, with the capacity to synthesize novel bioactive compounds.

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Shamikh, Yara I., Aliaa A. El Shamy, Yasser Gaber, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen, Hashem A. Madkour, Hannes Horn, Hossam M. Hassan, Abeer H. Elmaidomy, Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah, and Wael N. Hozzein. "Actinomycetes from the Red Sea Sponge Coscinoderma mathewsi: Isolation, Diversity, and Potential for Bioactive Compounds Discovery." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050783.

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The diversity of actinomycetes associated with the marine sponge Coscinoderma mathewsi collected from Hurghada (Egypt) was studied. Twenty-three actinomycetes were separated and identified based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Out of them, three isolates were classified as novel species of the genera Micromonospora, Nocardia, and Gordonia. Genome sequencing of actinomycete strains has revealed many silent biosynthetic gene clusters and has shown their exceptional capacity for the production of secondary metabolites, not observed under classical cultivation conditions. Therefore, the effect of mycolic-acid-containing bacteria or mycolic acid on the biosynthesis of cryptic natural products was investigated. Sponge-derived actinomycete Micromonospora sp. UA17 was co-cultured using liquid fermentation with two mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes (Gordonia sp. UA19 and Nocardia sp. UA 23), or supplemented with pure mycolic acid. LC-HRESIMS data were analyzed to compare natural production across all crude extracts. Micromonospora sp. UA17 was rich with isotetracenone, indolocarbazole, and anthracycline analogs. Some co-culture extracts showed metabolites such as a chlorocardicin, neocopiamycin A, and chicamycin B that were not found in the respective monocultures, suggesting a mycolic acid effect on the induction of cryptic natural product biosynthetic pathways. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities for the different cultures extracts were also tested.

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Sanglier, J. J., E. M. H. Wellington, V. Behal, H. P. Fiedler, R. Ellouz Ghorbel, C. Finance, M. Hacene, et al. "Novel bioactive compounds from actinomycetes." Research in Microbiology 144, no. 8 (January 1993): 661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(93)90071-9.

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Xue, Yutong, Zhiyan Zhou, Fangjian Feng, Hang Zhao, Shuangling Tan, Jinling Li, Sitong Wu, Zhiran Ju, Shan He, and Lijian Ding. "Genomic Analysis of Kitasatospora setae to Explore Its Biosynthetic Potential Regarding Secondary Metabolites." Antibiotics 13, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050459.

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Actinomycetes have long been recognized as important sources of clinical antibiotics. However, the exploration of rare actinomycetes, despite their potential for producing bioactive molecules, has remained relatively limited compared to the extensively studied Streptomyces genus. The extensive investigation of Streptomyces species and their natural products has led to a diminished probability of discovering novel bioactive compounds from this group. Consequently, our research focus has shifted towards less explored actinomycetes, beyond Streptomyces, with particular emphasis on Kitasatospora setae (K. setae). The genome of K. setae was annotated and analyzed through whole-genome sequencing using multiple bio-informatics tools, revealing an 8.6 Mbp genome with a 74.42% G+C content. AntiSMASH analysis identified 40 putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), approximately half of which were recessive and unknown. Additionally, metabolomic mining utilizing mass spectrometry demonstrated the potential for this rare actinomycete to generate numerous bioactive compounds such as glycosides and macrolides, with bafilomycin being the major compound produced. Collectively, genomics- and metabolomics-based techniques confirmed K. setae’s potential as a bioactive secondary metabolite producer that is worthy of further exploration.

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Saini, Preeti, Madhurama Gangwar, Anu Kalia, Narinder Singh, and Deepti Narang. "Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from Syzygium cumini and their antimicrobial activity against human pathogens." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.809.

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Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes is an important step to screen antimicrobial compounds to curb the threat of drug-resistant strains of human pathogens. Out of the 50 endophytic actinomycetes obtained from surface sterilized root, stem and leaf tissues of Syzygium cumini, 50 isolates (30%) exhibited antimicrobial activity. Antistaphylococcal activity was displayed by most of the isolates, with maximum percent inhibition by J-10 (Mean of Inhibition Factor=12.12 mm2). A total of 8 isolates (4 each) were able to hydrolyse protein (proteinase activity) and solubilize chitin (chitinase activity). Results of thin layer chromatography confirm the production of chloramphenicol family |antibiotic by the isolate J-5. This is the first report providing an insight into untapped endophytic actinomycete milieu of Syzygium cumini yet to be explored which might be a promising source for novel antimicrobial agents.

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Kumari, Aparana, and K. V. Bhaskara Rao. "Role of Actinomycetes from different habitats as a potential source for the production of novel bioactive compounds: A Review." Research Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1803rjbt1310138.

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These days, actinomycetes are a good source of producing bioactive compounds that are used for drug discovery with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, enzyme inhibition, anticancer and anti-protozoan potential for industrial or medical purposes. Lots of research have been conducted on marine actinomycetes for their potential activity. Extreme environmental sources are less explored for actinomycetes as a potential organism for bioactive compounds potentially because of the difficulties in laboratory handling conditions. Extreme natural habitats are one of the best sources of bioactive compounds produced from actinomycetes as the hot spring area is the origin of thermophilic bacteria as well as actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are observed as a powerhouse to be the bulk patent origin for the production of novel bioactive compounds. In recent years, bioactive compounds from actinomycetes are becoming very useful for new drug discovery and commercial purposes. Actinomycetes species are laborious to cultivate and the production of their desirable metabolites is insufficient in terms of cost and quantity. However, bioinformatics, nucleotide sequencing and metagenomics next-generation tools are continuously developing. The natural hot spring ecosystem can also allow the useful new origin of bioactive compounds diversity with innovative new actinomycetes species compared to the marine ecosystem. We need to focus on all new possible terrestrial ecosystems for discovering novel actinomycetes species to derive potential bioactive compounds from them.

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Sutto-Ortiz, Priscila, María de los Angeles Camacho-Ruiz, Manuel R. Kirchmayr, Rosa María Camacho-Ruiz, Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz, Alexandre Noiriel, Frédéric Carrière, Abdelkarim Abousalham, and Jorge A. Rodríguez. "Screening of phospholipase A activity and its production by new actinomycete strains cultivated by solid-state fermentation." PeerJ 5 (July 6, 2017): e3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3524.

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Novel microbial phospholipases A (PLAs) can be found in actinomycetes which have been poorly explored as producers of this activity. To investigate microbial PLA production, efficient methods are necessary such as high-throughput screening (HTS) assays for direct search of PLAs in microbial cultures and cultivation conditions to promote this activity. About 200 strains isolated with selected media for actinomycetes and mostly belonging toStreptomyces(73%) andMicromonospora(10%) genus were first screened on agar-plates containing the fluorophore rhodamine 6G and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) to detect strains producing phospholipase activity. Then, a colorimetric HTS assay for general PLA activity detection (cHTS-PLA) using enriched PC (≈60%) as substrate and cresol red as indicator was developed and applied; this cHTS-PLA assay was validated with known PLAs. For the first time, actinomycete strains were cultivated by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using PC as inductor and sugar-cane bagasse as support to produce high PLA activity (from 207 to 2,591 mU/g of support). Phospholipase activity of the enzymatic extracts from SSF was determined using the implemented cHTS-PLA assay and the PC hydrolysis products obtained, were analyzed by TLC showing the presence of lyso-PC. Three actinomycete strains of theStreptomycesgenus that stood out for high accumulation of lyso-PC, were selected and analyzed with the specific substrate 1,2-α-eleostearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (EEPC) in order to confirm the presence of PLA activity in their enzymatic extracts. Overall, the results obtained pave the way toward the HTS of PLA activity in crude microbial enzymatic extracts at a larger scale. The cHTS-PLA assay developed here can be also proposed as a routine assay for PLA activity determination during enzyme purification,directed evolution or mutagenesis approaches. In addition, the production of PLA activity by actinomycetes using SSF allow find and produce novel PLAs with potential applications in biotechnology.

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Kumar, Ravi Ranjan, and Vasantba J. Jadeja. "Endophytic Actinomycetes: A Novel Antibiotic Source." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 8 (August 10, 2016): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.508.018.

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S. Alharbi, Naiyf. "Novel Bioactive Molecules from Marine Actinomycetes." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 13, no. 4 (December 22, 2016): 1905–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2346.

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Williams, S. T., R. Locci, A. Beswick, D. I. Kurtböke, V. D. Kuznetsov, F. J. Le Monnier, P. F. Long, et al. "Detection and identification of novel actinomycetes." Research in Microbiology 144, no. 8 (January 1993): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(93)90069-e.

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Govind, Govind Gulabrao Dhage, R. N. Ganbas Ravindra, and A. M. Garode Anil. "A review on Industrially important metabolite from Actinomycetes." International Journal of Applied and Advanced Biology (IJAAB) 2, no. 1 (September 2, 2023): 07–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.60013/ijaab.v2i1.89.

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Microbial biotic compounds such as enzymes, pigments, antibiotics, and antimicrobial chemicals play an important function as metabolites, resulting in a wide range of applications and uses in a variety of sectors. Nowadays, the entire world is migrating away from synthetic and chemical products in favor of natural ones. Consistent study for novel microbial metabolites that could be employed in industrial processes, thereby driving profit growth in a variety of businesses. Actinomycetes are a major microbial population found in soil, plant tissues, fresh water, and marine settings. Many useful extracellular enzymes, pigments, antibiotics, and antibacterial compounds are produced by actinomycetes. Enzymes like cellulases from Streptomyces albus; pigments like Violacein from Streptomyces violaceus; antibiotics like Tetracycline from Streptomyces aureofaciens, produced by Actinomycetes and applied in different industries. Actinomycetes found in severe conditions are known to create novel bioactive compounds with high industrial potential. This article attempts to summarize Actinomycetes' ability to create bioactive secondary metabolites from actinomycetes and its applications in various industries.

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Carey, Jordan, Thanh Nguyen, Jennifer Korchak, Christopher Beecher, Felice de Jong, and Amy L. Lane. "An Isotopic Ratio Outlier Analysis Approach for Global Metabolomics of Biosynthetically Talented Actinomycetes." Metabolites 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9090181.

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Actinomycetes are powerhouses of natural product biosynthesis. Full realization of this biosynthetic potential requires approaches for recognizing novel metabolites and determining mediators of metabolite production. Herein, we develop an isotopic ratio outlier analysis (IROA) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) global metabolomics strategy for actinomycetes that facilitates recognition of novel metabolites and evaluation of production mediators. We demonstrate this approach by determining impacts of the iron chelator 2,2′-bipyridyl on the Nocardiopsis dassonvillei metabolome. Experimental and control cultures produced metabolites with isotopic carbon signatures that were distinct from corresponding “standard” culture metabolites, which were used as internal standards for LC/MS. This provided an isotopic MS peak pair for each metabolite, which revealed the number of carbon atoms and relative concentrations of metabolites and distinguished biosynthetic products from artifacts. Principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) differentiated bipyridyl-treated samples from controls. RF mean decrease accuracy (MDA) values supported perturbation of metabolites from multiple amino acid pathways and novel natural products. Evaluation of bipyridyl impacts on the nocazine/XR334 diketopiperazine (DKP) pathway revealed upregulation of amino acid precursors and downregulation of late stage intermediates and products. These results establish IROA as a tool in the actinomycete natural product chemistry arsenal and support broad metabolic consequences of bipyridyl.

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Harunari, Enjuro, Chiaki Imada, Yasuhiro Igarashi, Takao Fukuda, Takeshi Terahara, and Takeshi Kobayashi. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL HYALURONIDASE INHIBITOR FROM A MARINE ACTINOMYCETES STRAIN." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v1i0.94.

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A novel hyaluronidase inhibitor (HI) was isolated from the culture extract of a marine- derived actinomycete strain. This strain MB-PO13 was isolated from ascidian (Molgula manhattensis) in Tokyo Bay. Out of about 1,000 isolates from various marine organisms, strain MB-PO13 had the strongest inhibitory activity and was selected for further study. The strain showed abundant-to-moderate growth on most media, forming a grayish mycelium. On the basis of the taxonomical characteristics, the strain was classified as belonging to the genus of Streptomyces and was named as Streptomyces sp. strain MB-PO13. The structure of HI was elucidated by interpretation of NMR data. HI displayed about 25-fold potent hyaluronidase inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase than glycyrrhizin. Keywords: marine actinomycetes; Streptomyces; hyaluronidase inhibitor

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Smith, V. Robin Perinba, and Deepa Mathew P. "CHARACTERIZATION OF MARINE ACTINOMYCETES SPECIES ISOLATED FROM AZHIMALA COASTAL REGION, KERALA AND IT’S EFFICACY AGAINST UROPATHOGENIC BACTERIA." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, no. 10 (December 3, 2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.2022131009.

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Actinomycetes are virtually unlimited sources of novel compounds with many therapeutic applications and hold aprominent position due to their diversity and proven ability to produce novel bioactive compounds. The present study isaimed to prove the antagonistic activity of marine actinomycetes against uropathogens. 13 marine actinomycetes wereisolated from various marine sediment samples collected from different stations in the Azhimala coastal region, part ofthe Arabian Sea on the western coast of India. The sample collection and isolation of actinomycetes were done byfollowing the standard microbiological methods and the isolated colonies were characterized based on theirmorphological parameters. The morphologically distinct 13 isolates obtained in the present study, the isolates SD65,SD66, SD67, SD68, SD69, SD70, SD71, V66, V67, V68, V69,V70,V71 among them 3 isolates,V67,V68 and V70showed significant antagonism against selected uropathogens collected from a tertiary care center inThiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The results were promising and indicated that actinomycetes with distinctive biologicalactivity are abundant in the marine environment along Kerala's coast.

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Peela, Sujatha, and Swethalatha Porana. "ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF NOVEL STREPTOMYCES FROM SEDIMENTS OF BAY OF BENGAL NEAR SRIKAKULAM COAST." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i1.16603.

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Objective: The Objective of this research is to isolate and screen potent antibiotic producing actinomycetes from unexplored regions of Bay of Bengal Near Srikakulam Coast.Methods: The isolation and screening were done on starch casein agar media. Antimicrobial activity screening was done using cross streak method and agar diffusion method. Further, Morphological characterization of the isolate was done using Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM-JSM 6610). Further, the cultural characterization of the isolates was done using standard protocols.Results: A total of sixty-eight isolates of Actinomycetes were collected from marine sediments of coastal line of Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, which is one of the longest coastal lines of Andhra Pradesh. Due to its longest coastal line and geographical distribution, there are promising chance of diversity of the microorganisms and antibiotic producing potential. Each isolate was tested against various bacteria. Among all the isolates twelve isolates were promising and showed good antimicrobial activity. Within twelve isolates the isolate A-10 was very promising and showed antibiotic potential against most of the tested bacteria. This isolate appears to produce high anti-bacterial compounds on potato dextrose agar and nutrient agar medium respectively by using the agar diffusion method. The potent Actinomycete A-10 was further characterised by morphological methods consist of macroscopic and microscopic methods. The mycelium structure, colour and arrangement of conidiophores were observed through the oil immersion (100X). The strain was grown on Starch-Casein agar medium for morphological study using Scanning Electron microscopy. Scanning Electron micrographs of the strain A-10 results that the spore chain was straight and with more than 20 spores per chain. The spores are cylindrical in shape and had a smooth surface. Whirls, sclerotic granules, sporangia and flagellate spores were not observed. Further various biochemical tests performed for the identification of potent isolates are as follows: Melanin reaction, H2S production, tyrosine reaction, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, milk coagulation and peptonization, nitrate reduction, temperature range of growth, pH tolerance and cell wall type by comparing all these results with the Bergey’s manual of Determinative Bacteriology and the organisms were identified. The isolate was identified as Streptomyces sp.Conclusion: Thus the result of antibacterial screening represents that the coastal area of Srikakulam is a potential source of antibiotic producing actinomycetes. Further the phylogenic tree construction and purification of the antibiotic principle from A-10 were under investigation.Keywords: Actinomycetes, Marine Sediments, Starch-Casein agar, SEM

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Girard, Geneviève, Bjørn A. Traag, Vartul Sangal, Nadine Mascini, Paul A. Hoskisson, Michael Goodfellow, and Gilles P. van Wezel. "A novel taxonomic marker that discriminates between morphologically complex actinomycetes." Open Biology 3, no. 10 (October 2013): 130073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.130073.

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In the era when large whole genome bacterial datasets are generated routinely, rapid and accurate molecular systematics is becoming increasingly important. However, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing does not always offer sufficient resolution to discriminate between closely related genera. The SsgA-like proteins are developmental regulatory proteins in sporulating actinomycetes, whereby SsgB actively recruits FtsZ during sporulation-specific cell division. Here, we present a novel method to classify actinomycetes, based on the extraordinary way the SsgA and SsgB proteins are conserved. The almost complete conservation of the SsgB amino acid (aa) sequence between members of the same genus and its high divergence between even closely related genera provides high-quality data for the classification of morphologically complex actinomycetes. Our analysis validates Kitasatospora as a sister genus to Streptomyces in the family Streptomycetaceae and suggests that Micromonospora , Salinispora and Verrucosispora may represent different clades of the same genus. It is also apparent that the aa sequence of SsgA is an accurate determinant for the ability of streptomycetes to produce submerged spores, dividing the phylogenetic tree of streptomycetes into liquid-culture sporulation and no liquid-culture sporulation branches. A new phylogenetic tree of industrially relevant actinomycetes is presented and compared with that based on 16S rRNA sequences.

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Hashimoto, Yoshiteru. "Development of novel expression systems for actinomycetes." Actinomycetologica 21, no. 2 (2007): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3209/saj.saj210204.

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Iwai, Kimika, Susumu Iwamoto, Kazuo Aisaka, and Makoto Suzuki. "Isolation of Novel Actinomycetes from Spider Materials." Actinomycetologica 23, no. 1 (2009): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3209/saj.saj230103.

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Genilloud, Olga. "Actinomycetes: still a source of novel antibiotics." Natural Product Reports 34, no. 10 (2017): 1203–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7np00026j.

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Lam, Kin S. "Discovery of novel metabolites from marine actinomycetes." Current Opinion in Microbiology 9, no. 3 (June 2006): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2006.03.004.

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Mishra, Saroj K., William H. Taft, Alan R. Putnam, and Stanley K. Ries. "Plant growth regulatory metabolites from novel actinomycetes." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 6, no. 2 (June 1987): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02026457.

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O'Donnell, Anthony G., Christine Falconer, Michael Goodfellow, Alan C. Ward, and Edwin Williams. "Biosystematics and diversity amongst novel carboxydotrophic actinomycetes." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64, no. 3-4 (1994): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00873091.

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Farda, Beatrice, Rihab Djebaili, Ilaria Vaccarelli, Maddalena Del Gallo, and Marika Pellegrini. "Actinomycetes from Caves: An Overview of Their Diversity, Biotechnological Properties, and Insights for Their Use in Soil Environments." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020453.

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The environmental conditions of caves shape microbiota. Within caves’ microbial communities, actinomycetes are among the most abundant bacteria. Cave actinomycetes have gained increasing attention during the last decades due to novel bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, their potential role in soil environments is still unknown. This review summarises the literature dealing with actinomycetes from caves, underlining for the first time their potential roles in soil environments. We provide an overview of their diversity and biotechnological properties, underling their potential role in soil environments applications. The contribution of caves’ actinomycetes in soil fertility and bioremediation and crops biostimulation and biocontrol are discussed. The survey on the literature show that several actinomycetes genera are present in cave ecosystems, mainly Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and Nocardiopsis. Among caves’ actinomycetes, Streptomyces is the most studied genus due to its ubiquity, survival capabilities, and metabolic versatility. Despite actinomycetes’ outstanding capabilities and versatility, we still have inadequate information regarding cave actinomycetes distribution, population dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and metabolisms. Research on cave actinomycetes needs to be encouraged, especially concerning environmental soil applications to improve soil fertility and health and to antagonise phytopathogens.

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RETNOWATI, YULIANA, SUKARTI MOELJOPAWIRO, TJUT SUGANDAWATY DJOHAN, and ENDANG SUTARININGSIH SOETARTO. "Antimicrobial activities of actinomycete isolates from rhizospheric soils in different mangrove forests of Torosiaje, Gorontalo, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 6 (October 9, 2018): 2196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190627.

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Retnowati Y, Moeljopawiro S, Djohan TjS, Soetarto ES. 2018. Antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes isolates from rhizospheric soil on different mangrove forests of Torosiaje, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2196-2203. Mangrove forests are very productive ecosystems that form unique saline environment very rich in organic matter, containing nitrogen and sulfur available for microorganisms. Mangrove forest as an extreme environment is promising to be sources of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes. The objectives of this study were to analyze the antimicrobial activities of metabolites produced by actinomycete isolates from rhizospheric soil of mangrove forest of Torosiaje, Gorontalo, Indonesia, and identify the active compound for novel antibiotics production. Six isolates from a coastal mangrove forest was selected to produce secondary metabolite. The crude extract of the six selected actinomycete isolates showed antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microbes; the highest antimicrobial activities was indicated by metabolite produced by FUAm2-h1 and FMBg2-x3 isolates. The metabolite crude extracts produced by two potential isolates inhibited growth of pathogenic microbe on MIC value of 0.0625 to 0.5mgmL-1. Bio-autography assay detected an active compound on Rf value of 0.94, especially on extracellular metabolite produced by strain FUAm2-h1. The bioactive compounds were identified by liquid chromatography joined with low-resolution mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) and analysed by MEDINA's database The active compounds composed of 17 substances, and only 3 substances showed a high quantity with molecular weight of 507.37, 344.32 and 563.66 mol G-1, respectively. FTIR analyses identified the functional groups in the active compounds consisted of amide, amine, alkuna, alkane, NO2 nitro compound, alcohol, ether, carboxylic acid, ester and C-H aromatic ring. The biosynthesis of antibiotic on FUAm2-h1 and FMBg2-x3 isolates was regulated by double genes, i.e., PKS-II and NRPS genes. The antimicrobial activities of two actinomycete isolates showed the performance of antibiotics suspected as aromatics polyketides group. The FUAm2-h1 and FMBg2-x3 isolates showed high similarity with Streptomyces qinglanensis strain 172205 and Streptomyces sanyensis strain 219820, respectively, in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The potential of those selected actinomycetes from extreme environments of mangrove forest constitute a source of promising actinomycete strains producing biologically active secondary metabolites.

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Tiwari, Deepika, Shobha Shouche, Praveesh Bhati, and Preeti Das. "A Consolidated Method for Selective Isolation of Actinomycetes Based on Choice of Substrate." International Annals of Science 11, no. 1 (December 11, 2021): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.11.1.10-21.

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Actinomycetes are known as filamentous, Gram positive bacteria. They form the majority of the microbial load in various niches; soils, composts, etc. The study aimed to evaluate the method of isolating slow growing actinomycetes from four different sources: garden soil, cow dung manure compost, floral waste compost, and floral waste vermicompost. In this study, an integrated method consisting of physical and chemical pretreatment of the sample and the use of selective media was used to isolate actinomycetes. Physical treatment includes air drying, sun drying, dry heating in an oven, and moist heat treatment, whereas chemical treatment includes enrichment of the sample with CaCO3 followed by plating on actinomycetes-specific media with the incorporation of antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics. The actinomycetes count on the plate was reported in CFU/gm of dry wt. Morphological and microscopic characteristics of purified isolates were noted. The results were compared, and it was found that the pretreatment method of a particular sample depends on the choice of substrate. Overall, physical treatment followed by chemical enrichment showed relatively higher counts on the plate and better results. Here we also found the dominance of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. in case samples from vermicompost. The study can be of great importance in isolating novel and rare genera of actinomycetes. These methods can help speed up the isolation and screening of novel actinomycetes which will ultimately be important for the discovery of antibiotics and other industrially vital bioactive compounds.

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Janthanom, Rattiya, Yuta Kikuchi, Hiroki Kanto, Tomoyasu Hirose, Arisu Tahara, Takahiro Ishii, Arinthip Thamchaipenet, and Yuki Inahashi. "A new analog of dihydroxybenzoic acid from Saccharopolyspora sp. KR21-0001." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 20 (February 29, 2024): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.44.

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Actinomycetes are well-known as the main producers of bioactive compounds such as antibiotics, anticancers, and immunosuppressants. Screening of natural products from actinomycetes has been an essential part of several drug discovery programs. Finding such novel biologically active metabolites is immensely important because of their beneficial health effects. Recently, the discovery of new compounds has diverted attention to rare actinomycetes, since they are rich sources of natural products. In this study, a collection of rare actinomycetes at Kitasato University has been screened for potential novel compound producers. Among the rare actinomycetes, Saccharopolyspora sp. KR21-0001 isolated from soil on Ōha Island, Okinawa, Japan was selected as a potential producer. The strain was cultured in 20 L of production medium in a jar fermenter and the culture broth was extracted. Further purification revealed the presence of a new compound designated KR21-0001A (1). The structure was elucidated by NMR, and the absolute stereochemistry was determined by advanced Marfey’s method. The results indicated that 1 is a new analog of dihydroxybenzoic acid. 1 has no antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi but showed potent antioxidant activity.

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Zahroh, Endah Wati, Fitria Ningsih, and Wellyzar Sjamsuridzal. "DETECTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM THERMOPHILIC ACTINOMYCETES USING ONE STRAIN MANY COMPOUNDS (OSMAC) APPROACH." BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) 9, no. 1 (August 19, 2022): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v9i1.6438.

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Actinomycetes are a group of filamentous bacteria with high biosynthetic potential that can produce secondary metabolites. Actinomycetes are known to produce secondary metabolites which are potential as antimicrobial, antitumor, and others. Actinomycetes can be found abundantly in diverse environments, including environments with extremely high temperatures such as hot springs, deserts, geothermal areas, and hydrothermal vents. They can survive in high temperatures due to their membrane lipids containing straight-chains and more saturated fatty acids that protect the membrane's fluidity to maintain membrane function. Thermophilic actinomycetes are potential producers of thermostable enzymes and bioactive compounds, which are important in the pharmaceutical, health, and industrial fields. Thermophilic actinomycetes are still less explored for novel metabolites and antimicrobial compounds due to the difficulty in isolation, maintenance, and preservation in pure culture. Novel bioactive compounds produced by actinomycetes are conventionally discovered by isolating potential strains and screening the compound bioactivity through various bioassays. A sequence-independent approach, termed the OSMAC (one strain many compounds), has been widely used in natural product research for activating cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) by modifying the growth conditions of a bacterial culture. This approach aims to optimize the number of secondary metabolites produced by one single microorganism. The application of the OSMAC method has been proven successful in revealing the biosynthetic potential of bacteria.

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Wawrik, Boris, Lee Kerkhof, Gerben J. Zylstra, and Jerome J. Kukor. "Identification of Unique Type II Polyketide Synthase Genes in Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 5 (May 2005): 2232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2232-2238.2005.

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ABSTRACT Many bacteria, particularly actinomycetes, are known to produce secondary metabolites synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKS). Bacterial polyketides are a particularly rich source of bioactive molecules, many of which are of potential pharmaceutical relevance. To directly access PKS gene diversity from soil, we developed degenerate PCR primers for actinomycete type II KSα (ketosynthase) genes. Twenty-one soil samples were collected from diverse sources in New Jersey, and their bacterial communities were compared by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of PCR products generated using bacterial 16S rRNA gene primers (27F and 1525R) as well as an actinomycete-specific forward primer. The distribution of actinomycetes was highly variable but correlated with the overall bacterial species composition as determined by TRFLP. Two samples were identified to contain a particularly rich and unique actinomycete community based on their TRFLP patterns. The same samples also contained the greatest diversity of KSα genes as determined by TRFLP analysis of KSα PCR products. KSα PCR products from these and three additional samples with interesting TRFLP pattern were cloned, and seven novel clades of KSα genes were identified. Greatest sequence diversity was observed in a sample containing a moderate number of peaks in its KSα TRFLP. The nucleotide sequences were between 74 and 81% identical to known sequences in GenBank. One cluster of sequences was most similar to the KSα involved in ardacin (glycopeptide antibiotic) production by Kibdelosporangium aridum. The remaining sequences showed greatest similarity to the KSα genes in pathways producing the angucycline-derived antibiotics simocyclinone, pradimicin, and jasomycin.

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Gilleron, Martine, Natalie J. Garton, Jérôme Nigou, Thérèse Brando, Germain Puzo, and Iain C. Sutcliffe. "Characterization of a Truncated Lipoarabinomannan from the Actinomycete Turicella otitidis." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 3 (February 1, 2005): 854–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.3.854-861.2005.

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ABSTRACT Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) lipoglycans have been characterized from a range of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes and from the amycolate actinomycete Amycolatopsis sulphurea. To further understand the structural diversity of this family, we have characterized the lipoglycan of the otic commensal Turicella otitidis. T. otitidis LAM (TotLAM) has been determined to consist of a mannosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor unit carrying an (α 1→6)-linked mannan core and substituted with terminal-arabinosyl branches. Thus, TotLAM has a novel truncated LAM structure. Using the human monocytic THP-1 cell line, it was found that TotLAM exhibited only minimal ability to induce tumor necrosis factor alpha. These findings contribute further to our understanding of actinomycete LAM diversity and allow further speculation as to the correlation between LAM structure and the immunomodulatory activities of these lipoglycans.

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AR, VidhyaSri, Dr Thamarai Selvi B, Sanjay Prasad S, and Karkuvelraja R. "Isolation of Lichens associated Actinomycetes: Determining its antibacterial activity against Multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 23, 2021): 1489–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/06440.

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The rapid emergence of drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug-Resistant bacteria, underlines the need to search for new antibiotics. In the present study, actinomycetes were isolated from lichens collected from coconut trees. The actinomycetes were investigated for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumonia in order to identify the potential antibiotic producers.MIC was determined and the organism was identified using 16s rRNA sequencing. Crude action extracts showed 11mm and 9mm against MRSA and Klebsiella pneumonia. The isolated actinomycetes were found to be Streptomyces hygro scopicus subspecies. GC-MS analysis identified several novel compounds. Thus, the isolated actinomycetes can be used for the development of new antibiotics for the treatment of MDR infection.

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Shikuku, Bonface O., Silas Kiruki, Eric Kuria, Martin Mutembei, and Ogolla Fredrick. "Characterization of Antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes Isolated from River Tana and Lake Elementaita in Kenya." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry 13, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v13i1247.

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The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a global health concern, necessitating the search for novel sources of antibiotics. Actinomycetes, a group of microorganisms, have been known for their ability to produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes from River Tana and Lake Elementaita. Samples were collected from the study sites, and Actinomycetes were isolated using serial dilution and spread plate techniques. The isolates were characterized based on their morphological and biochemical properties. Furthermore, their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. The zones of inhibition were measured (mm), and analysis was done to compare the activity of the isolates using Kruskal Wallis test and medians compared using Wilcoxon with Bonferroni correction at alpha = 0.05 in SAS version 9.4. Analysis of DNA sequences was done using the BLAST program and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA X version 11. Biochemical tests revealed positive results for catalase, indole, oxidase, and citrate utilization, while coagulase and methyl red tests were negative. In terms of antibacterial activity, 54.5% of the isolates showed activity against E. coli, 45.5% against S. aureus, and 45.5% against S. typhi. Isolate LEL2201 had significant (p < 0.05) higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus (inhibition zone of 25.0mm), while isolate RT2201 exhibited the highest activity against E. coli and S. typhi (inhibition zone of 8.5 mm and 8.6 mm, respectively). Molecular characterization through 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolates as belonging to the Actinobacterium order. Phylogenetic analysis revealed their similarity to known Actinomycetes species including Actinomycetales bacterium, Streptomyces intermedius and Streptomyces flavomacrosporus from various countries. The findings of this study demonstrate the presence of antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes in River Tana and Lake Elementaita. Thus, further investigations are warranted to identify and characterize the specific antibacterial compounds produced by these isolates.

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Herdini, Camelia, Shinta Hartanto, Sofia Mubarika, Bambang Hariwiyanto, Nastiti Wijayanti, Akira Hosoyama, Atsushi Yamazoe, Hideaki Nojiri, and Jaka Widada. "Diversity of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Genes in the AnticancerProducing Actinomycetes Isolated from Marine Sediment in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 20, no. 1 (November 8, 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.15266.

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Marine actinomycetes is a group of bacteria that is highly potential in producing novel bioactivecompound. It has unique characteristics and is different from other terrestrial ones. Extreme environmentalcondition is suspected to lead marine actinomycetes produce different types of bioactive compoundfound previously. The aim of this study was to explore the presence and diversity of NRPS genes in 14anticancer-producing actinomycetes isolated from marine sediment in Indonesia. PCR amplificationand restriction fragment analysis of NRPS genes with HaeIII from 14 marine actinomycetes were doneto assess the diversity of NRPS genes. Genome mining of one species of marine actinomycetes (strainGMY01) also was employed towards this goal. The result showed that NRPS gene sequence diversity in 14marine actinomycetes could be divided into 4 groups based on NRPS gene restriction patterns. Analysisof 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives from each group showed that all isolates belong to genusof Streptomyces. Genome mining result showed that strain GMY01 harboring 10 different NRPS geneclusters that encode secondary metabolites, as pure NRPS or hybrid between NRPS and other compounds.These results indicated that marine actinomycetes having a high potential to be developed as source ofanticancer drugs development.

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Akshatha M.D, Akshatha M. D., Manjunatha B. K. Manjunatha B.K, Pooja R. Pooja.R, Umesh T. M. Umesh.T.M, and Sreevijeth R. Sreevijeth.R. "Screening for Novel Antibiotic Producing Actinomycetes from Western Ghats of Karnataka State, India." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2012): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/feb2013/4.

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A, RAJA, and P. Gajalakshmi. "Selective isolation and characterization of rare actinomycetes adopted in glacier soil of Manali ice point and its activity against Mycobacterium spp." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research 7, no. 5 (December 5, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24896/jmbr.2017751.

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An exigent demand of antimicrobial agent against M. tuberculosis was lead to the isolation of novel rare actinomycetes from the unexplored cryophilic environment. Soil samples were collected from glacier ice point of Kullu Manali and processed for further studies. A novel approach was described for the isolation of rare actinomycetes from a heterogeneous population. Isolation was done by conventional and density gradient centrifugation. Sucrose gradient centrifugation showed a maximum of 24 actinomycetes isolates which belong to the genera of Streptomyces sp (12), Micromonospora sp (5) Planomonospora sp(2), Micropolyspora sp (2), Actinopolyspora sp (1) Nocardia sp (1) and Intrasporangium sp (1). Of these 24 actinomycetes, isolate Planomonospora sp (PL-2) showed potent anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (MTCC300) and M.tuberculosis (MTCC 6). Bioautography reveals that the Rf value of active compound was 0.75 and retains the antimicrobial activity at 75° C. Based on the C13 and H1 NMR the active compound was characterized as 2-(2-ethenylphenyl) heptane-1-ol. Phylogenetic analysis reveals active isolate was closely related to Planomonospora alba and the Genbank accession is JQ280498.

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Muralidharan, V., and M. Deecaraman. "A Source of Novel Therapeutic Drugs-Marine Actinomycetes." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 10, no. 10 (2017): 3598. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00652.7.

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Tiwari, Kavita, and Rajinder K. Gupta. "Rare actinomycetes: a potential storehouse for novel antibiotics." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 32, no. 2 (May 27, 2011): 108–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2011.562482.

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Matsumoto, Atsuko, and Yōko Takahashi. "Endophytic actinomycetes: promising source of novel bioactive compounds." Journal of Antibiotics 70, no. 5 (March 8, 2017): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ja.2017.20.

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Kitani, Shigeru, Ayako Tomio, Akkaraphol Srichaisupakit, Ratama Daduang, Bungonsiri Intra, Watanalai Panbangred, Naoya Oku, Yasuhiro Igarashi, and Takuya Nihira. "Sarmentosamide, a novel hexadienamide from Thai soil actinomycetes." Natural Product Research 27, no. 3 (March 29, 2012): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2012.671313.

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Alrahimi, Jehan. "Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Extracted from Marine Actinomycetes." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 1673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.45.

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Actinomycetes are free-living bacteria that are widely distributed and found in several habitats. These bacteria are essential organism in soil system, they contribute to agroindustry as the origin of active compounds. Their economical and biotechnological importance lies in the production of bioactive secondary metabolites including anticancer, insecticides, and antibiotic agents, such Actinomycetes–derived agents have been commonly used in both medical and industrial fields. Mainly, different Actinomycetes species isolated from coastal habitats are found to be novel sources of antibiotics. Thus, further investigating Actinomycetes will provide a better understanding of the physiological features and chemical composition of marine Actinomycetes. It also enables to use of large synthetic libraries of derived molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites) to develop biological drugs to combat advanced bacterial infections. Actinomycetes can produce more powerful biological compounds of medicinal and economic importance; moreover, it can provide insight into new antibiotics against different types of pathogens that cause infection to humans and support human health by overcoming complications caused by pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance. In particular, Actinomycetes of marine origin are a promising source of biomedical microbial products and natural products with an interesting microbial activity against many other pathogenic causing microorganisms. They are diverse in nature and have unique chemical compositions. During the past years, many new anti-microbial agents were discovered and deemed powerful therapeutic agents. The discovery of bioactive compounds continues to increase. However, the underlying potential of Actinomycetes has yet to be found. Therefore, this work conducts a review of the antimicrobial activity of metabolites extracted from marine Actinomycetes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Novel actinomycetes'

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