Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nouvelles classes'
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Munier, Pascal. "Synthèses et propriétés de nouvelles classes d'osides." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10284.
Full textGombert, Philippe. "Pragmatisme, éducation, nouvelles classes moyennes : le cas des associations de parents d'élèves." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0042.
Full textThe Topic of my research deals with the connection between the Parent’s Associations and the ideological transformations of society. It deals, more precisely, with the system of values which is promoted by new middle classes and the way in which these classes are involved in the educational process. With this research, I try to demonstrate that the new middle classes promote a new ideology, which I call pramgatism
Martin, Alexandre. "Théorie de Mourre et opérateurs de Schrödinger : De nouvelles classes d'opérateurs conjugués." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0978/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the study of the essential spectrum of Schrödinger operators and more particulary in the obtention of a Limiting Absorption Principle for these operators. This Limiting Absorption Principle consists on the existence of a limit for the resolvent operator when the spectral parameter is near the essential spectrum and permits to know some properties about the group generated by the Schrödinger Hamiltonian we study. A technique to prove this Limiting Absorption Principle is to use the Mourre theory. This theory needs to use an other operator called the conjugate operator. When we want to apply the Mourre theory to Schrödinger operators, we usually used a conjugate operatornamed the generator of dilations. This operator implies some conditions of decay on the derivatives of the potentials which can be a problem in certain cases. In this thesis, we will apply the Mourre theory with other types of conjugate operators wich, for some of them, does not imply any conditions on the derivatives of the potential.In a first part, we will be interested in Schrödinger operators on the euclidian space. We will show a Limiting Absorption Principle at positive energy, a Limiting Absorption principle at zero energy and the absence of eigenvalue embedded in the essential spectrum. In a second part, we will be interested in Schrödinger operators on wave guides for which we will prove a Limiting Absorption Principle far thresholds and near thresholds
Badarau, Eduard. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouvelles classes de ligands sérotoninergiques 5-HT7." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480279.
Full textBadarau, Eduard Guillaumet Gérald Fînaru Adriana. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouvelles classes de ligands sérotoninergiques 5-HT7." S. l. : S. l. : Orléans ; Université de Bacau, 2009. http://intranet.univ-orleans.fr/bibliotheques/theses/eduard.badarau_1653.pdf.
Full textTitre provenant de l'écran-titre.
Tapie-Grime, Muriel. "L'éternel étudiant : présentation de soi et pratiques résidentielles des nouvelles couches moyennes." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100090.
Full textThose that sociology calls the new middle social levels have - and mostly assert they have - specific relationship with town and housing conditions. Can this specificity be possibly assumed to exist? How is it usually expressed? Can its foundations be explained or at least clarified? In order to answer these three questions, a whole lot of "ethnographic" material (direct observation, photographs, and interviews) was collected in Besancon, Doubs, in 1986. This investigation which was conducted in a micro-social perspective favored observation of the displays of self-presentation through dwelling, a term that includes the representation of urban space, the criteria of habitability of a flat, sociability, as well as fitting out and decorating practices. Interactionism has been used as a conceptual structure for this survey. The categories of analysis have been borrowed from G. H. Mead, H. S. Becker, E. C. Hughes, A. V cicourel, H. Garfinkel, E. Goffman
Reinaud, Olivia. "Nouvelles methodes d'alkylation regioselective d'orthoquinones originales : synthese de differentes classes de produits naturels quinoniques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066200.
Full textReinaud, Olivia. "Nouvelles méthodes d'alkylation régiosélective d'orthoquinones originales accès à différentes classes de produits naturels quinoniques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609260z.
Full textBennasroune, Amar. "Récepteurs à tyrosine kinase en tant que cibles thérapeutiques : vers de nouvelles classes d'inhibiteurs ?" Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13214.
Full textDao, Thi Mai Lan. "Découverte des nouvelles classes d'éléments cis-régulateurs par une approche gène-rapporteur à haut débit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4036.
Full textThe initial step of gene expression is the transcription of genomic DNA of the gene into RNA. The transcription can only be initiated by the assembly of RNAPII machinery around transcription start site of a gene, known as core promoter. However, transcription also requires other gene-distal regulatory DNA regions, known as enhancers. Enhancers and promoters are traditionally distinguished by their histone modifications. Recently, there has been increasing number of studies revealing broad similarities between enhancers and promoters. Previous findings have suggested the possibility that some gene promoters display enhancer activity. However, the questions of how can we identify this type of promoter in genome-wide and whether they actually function to regulated the expression of distal genes are remained elusive.My project has carried out aiming to answer these above questions. Firstly, I have optimized the technique that has developed in the lab, named CapStarr-seq, which used as an approach to exploiting a high-throughput enhancer activity. Performing CapStarr-seq in human cell lines, I unraveled an underestimated proportion of promoter displaying enhancer activity, defined as Epromoters. They display distinct properties as compared to distal enhancers and classical promoters, are associated with stress response genes and interact more frequently with other promoters. Moreover, by using comprehensive CRISPR/Cas9 genomic deletion approach, I demonstrated that Epromoters are generally involved in the activation of distal genes. Taken together, our results first identify a new category of promoters with dual promoter and enhancer functions
Lepage, Mathieu. "Conception et synthèse de nouvelles classes d’iminosucres d’intérêt biologique : ingénierie click pour des systèmes multivalents." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF049/document.
Full textRecent reports have demonstrated the first pieces of evidence of a strong multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition by iminosugars, with affinity enhancements close to 10000. In order to understand the different parameters of this “cluster effect” and to continue its optimization, new scaffolds must be designed. The first research topic was thus to develop a set of « Click » Chemistry engineering techniques for the synthesis of multivalent systems, with the development of a Sweet LEGO® strategy. In the end, it would allow an easy access to a broad range of prefunctionalized neocyclodextrins. The second research topic consisted in a structure-activity relationship study by varying the molecular polyalkyne scaffold used for the preparation of new clusters by way of « Click » Chemistry. They allowed to investigate the specific features of the iminosugar cluster effect in the inhibition of glycosidases. In particular, a compound of unprecedented valency bearing 30 iminosugar units demonstrated an unprecedented dramatic affinity enhancement for the inhibition of a model enzyme (Jack bean alpha-mannosidase)
Rousseau, Théodulf. "Elaboration et caractérisation de cellules solaires organiques à base de nouvelles classes de matériaux actifs." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984367.
Full textRousseau, Theodulf. "Elaboration et caractérisation de cellules solaires organiques à base de nouvelles classes de matériaux actifs." Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984367.
Full textThis work deals with the preparation and characterization of organic solar cells based on novel classes of soluble molecular donors. The first chapter is devoted to the study of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and a soluble derivative of fullerene C60. This type of device is used as a model system to analyze the various experimental parameters involved in the fabrication and optimization of organic solar cells. The experimental procedures defined on the basis of these studies have been subsequently applied to the evaluation of two classes of molecular donors namely diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY). The work on DPP-based donors involved the fabrication of various series of bilayer and bulk heterojunction solar cells. The results of these investigations have led to interesting performances and to a better understanding of structure-properties relationships in this family of molecular donors. The last part of this work concerned the study and realization of solar cells based on an original class of molecular donors derived from BODIPY. The characterization of the electronic properties of different families of BODIPYs as well as the preparation and study of several series of solar cells have led to important progress, and power conversion efficiencies among the highest reported so far for molecular BHJ solar cells based on soluble C60 derivative have been obtained. Furthermore, first evidences of cooperative effects in molecular BHJ using multiple donors have also been presented
Raynal, Matthieu. "Nouvelles classes de ligands et complexes métalliques pour la fonctionnalisation d’alcanes par activation C-H." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/RAYNAL_Matthieu_2009.pdf.
Full textHighly active homogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of linear and cyclic alkanes have been developed since 1996. These iridium complexes contained a tridentate bis(phosphine) [for {IrPCP}, A] or bis(phosphinite) ligand [for {IrPOCOP}, B] (Scheme 1). The goal of this work was to synthesize and characterize Nheterocyclic carbenes (NHC) analogues of these complexes (target molecules C, Scheme 1) and to evaluate their activity in alkane dehydrogenation reactions. The transformation of alkanes into alkenes represents a very important reaction, both scientifically and economically. Nheterocyclic carbenes were chosen for their unique stereroelectronic properties. Indeed, NHCs are even better σdonors than trialkylphosphines and can strongly stabilize metal ions. Thus, the dissociation energy of the MNHC bond is particularly high. The features of NHC ligands are important for catalytic applications: the presence of NHC ligands in the coordination sphere of the metal increases the electron density around the metal center. This facilitates the oxidative addition process which is a key step in numerous catalytic systems and notably in the functionalization of alkanes. The fact that the MNHC bond is strong limits the loss of ligand during the catalytic process. In {IrPCP} and {IrPOCOP} complexes, the ligand acts as a « pincer » for the metal. Pincer ligands are rigid, chelating ligands which strongly stabilize metal ions. The resulting homogeneous complexes are thermostable and can be used at relatively high temperatures (200 250°C for {IrPCP} « pincer » complexes for example) without degradation. Metal complexes with pincer, planar and rigid ligands which incorporate at least one NHC functionality have been intensively studied during the last ten years and exhibit unique catalytic properties. However, at the beginning of this project, no NHC pincer complex of iridium was reported in the literature. We have developed a synthetic route towards new hydrido, Nheterocyclic dicarbene iridium(III) pincer complexes (Scheme 2, molecules 12). Hollis et al reported the preparation of the iodidebridged dimer CNHCCCNHC iridium complex 3 (Scheme 2) in 2 steps with a yield inferior to 50%. Our method provides a more direct route and allows the synthesis of the expected complexes 12 in one step from the corresponding bis(imidazolium) salts in almost 70% yield. The diiodide analogues 46 were also isolated in almost 30% yield (Scheme 2). Experimental conditions used to prepare complexes 12 and 46 were thoroughly investigated. The influence of several parameters [nature of the bis(imidazolium) precursor, nature and amount of base, temperature, addition of KI and reaction time] on the course of the formation of NHC complexes and on the nature of the complexes was demonstrated. Reaction intermediates in the synthesis of pincer complexes were isolated and a possible mechanism for their formation was suggested. The NHC dicarbene ligand 7, remarkably stable at room temperature, was prepared and its reaction towards several iridium precursors yielded monoand dinuclear iridium complexes in which the ligand acts as a bridge and no as a chelate or a pincer as might have been anticipated (Scheme 3). The heterodinuclear Ir(I)Rh(I) complex 8, which constitutes a rare example of heterobimetallic complex with a NHC ligand, was synthesized in two steps from 7. The unprecedented and unexpected structure of 9, which possesses a remarkable figure ofeight topology,is useful in order to reconsider some chelate structures postulated in the literature for similar complexes (Scheme 3). Only a few comparative studies dealing with the influence of the nature of the weak base on the course of the formation of NHC complexes have been disclosed in the literature. We were able to demonstrate that higher yields of monoand dinuclear NHC complexes were obtained, for a given reaction time, when Cs2CO3 was used in place of NEt3. For the synthesis of the dinuclear complexes 9, the choice of the base is even more critical, because products are formed only when Cs2CO3 is used. Two different pathways are conceivable for the formation of the IrNHC bond in our complexes: either a combined oxidative addition/HX base assisted elimination process or the formation of the free carbene and its in situ coordination to the Ir(I) center. In the latter case, the higher intrinsic basicity of Cs2CO3 compared to NEt3 would represent an advantage for the generation of a free carbene. Moreover, protonation of the free carbene by the conjugate acid of Cs2CO3 is less likely than the reaction between free carbene and [HNEt3]+X. As mentioned above, we envisaged to use our iridium pincer complexes as catalysts for the functionalization of alkanes. Firstly, we calibrated our experimental conditions with a precursor of reference {IrPOCOP}. Then, we tested 12 and 46, under different conditions, but no significant activity was observed for the transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane with tertbutylethylene as olefin acceptor. Several pathways were envisaged to obtain an active catalyst. We are focusing on the synthesis of CNHCCCNHC 16electron iridium(III) pincer complexes (in contrast to 18electron complexes 12 and 46). We are currently studying in the laboratory: (a) the preparation of a complex D (Scheme 4) containing a mixeddonor phosphorus NHC ligand in which the phosphorus substituents can provide the steric hindrance necessary to stabilize a 16electron iridium(III) complex,(b) the increase of the steric hindrance of the NHC ligand by replacing, for example, the nbutyl group by adamantyl groups on the nitrogen of the imidazole rings (E, Scheme 4). Finally, the perspectives of this work include the use of our IrNHC complexes as catalysts for other reactions such as the hydrogenation of trisubstituted alkenes,transfer hydrogenationsor the Oppenauertype oxidationof alcohols. Modifications of the ligand architecture can lead to envisage applications of our complexes in asymmetric catalysis (hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation or hydrosilylation). RhNHC complexes (hydroformylation or hydroaminomethylation of alkenes) or CrNHC complexes (ethylene oligomerisation) can also find outstanding applications
Decroocq, Camille. "Conception et synthèse de nouvelles classes d'iminosucres d'intérêt thérapeutique : chimie click, multivalence et maladies génétiques rares." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF043/document.
Full textRecently an innovative concept for the treatment of lysosomal diseases as emerged called pharmacological chaperone. Pharmacological chaperones are reversible inhibitors of the deficient glycosidases involved in these diseases. These molecules are able, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, to stabilize the enzymes and rescue them from the destruction by the quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A part of the catalytic activity of the enzyme could be restored. Iminosugars are known to be an important class of pharmaceutical chaperones. During this PhD work, novel classes of mono- and multivalent iminosugars were designed and synthesized in order to identify novel pharmacological chaperones for the glycosidase: β-glucocerebrosidase involved in Gaucher’s disease and novel inhibitors of the α-glucosidases involved in the destruction of the defective protein delF508CFTR in cystic fibrosis. Several strategies were applied to achieve this aim. These strategies consist in the use of a synthetic methodology of palladium catalyzed alkenes diamination, the use of an efficient methodology to synthesize a library of novel iminosugars by click chemistry and the use of multivalency. A full study on the impact of multivalency on glycosidases inhibition was also completed by changing crucial structural parameters including valency, scaffold, linker and ligand. The first strong multivalent effect on glycosidases inhibition up to four orders of magnitude was reported with multivalent iminosugars based on β-cyclodextrin or C60 fullerene cores
Frécenon, Vianello Elisabetta. "La représentation des classes sociales dans le "Fuggilozio" de Tomaso Costo." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET2035.
Full textFirst published in 1596 Tomaso Costo's ii Fuggilozio is a collection of narratives one would expect to find in the mainstream of the post-conciliar short story tradition. Despite its sharing a number of features with both the boccacian tradition and the work of short story writers of the late 16th century, ii Fuggilozio appears to give a prominent place to the history and chronicle of the period. In this way a number of leit-motivs stemming from this literary tradition are treated with an obvious desire of actualization. After a chapter in which a "cornice" is defined in its relation to the tradition, this study analyzes the image which the author gives to the "peasants", the "nobles, courties and upstarts", the "bourgeois, the craftsmen and the humble folk" while establishing links with the whole body of the short story writers' production (namely boccaccio, masuccio salernitano, fortini, grazzini, erizzo, bandello, giraldi cinzio). The entire study sets out to examine the validity of the representation of the social classes in the book and to analyze the mechanics of the process through which the aristocratic vision of Tomaso Costo, who sees himself above all as a historian, becomes a retranscription of the society in which the author's objectivity becomes affected and even warped by his attachment to a particular social class - the nobility. This enquiry will naturally lead us to a debate on the historical value of the short story and on the role one can ascribe to the analysis of any literary production - and that of the short story in particular - in order to try to understand better the historical development of different societies and mentalities
Hensienne, Raphaël. "Nouvelles classes d’iminosucres bicycliques : approche synthétique des squelettes 5-azaspiro[3.4]octane et 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF049/document.
Full textPrevious studies performed by our group led to the identification of α-1-C-nonyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-xylitol as a powerful inhibitor of β-glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme involved in Gaucher disease. This compound’s unusual (inverted chair) conformation prompted us to further study the relationship between iminosugars’ conformation and biological activity. The aim of this PhD work was thus the synthesis of conformationally restricted iminosugar analogues. Firstly, three spiro-iminosugars based on a 5-azaspiro[3.4]octane scaffold were synthesized through a sequence including three key steps: cyclobutane formation by way of radical cyclisation, nitrogen introduction by mean of C-H amination and pyrrolidine formation by way ofmetathesis. Secondly, we developed a sequence dedicated to the stereodivergent synthesis of fused bicyclic iminosugars based on a 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane scaffold through a succession of two key steps: azabicyclic scaffold formation by mean of Mukaiyama aldol reaction followed by ketone to enone oxidation
Martin, C. P. "Contribution a l'etude pharmacochimique des amidines heterocycliques : synthese de nouvelles classes de ligands des recepteurs aux benzodiazepines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13184.
Full textKaroyan, Philippe. "Synthese de nouvelles classes d'amino acides ; application a la determination de la conformation bioactive de la substance p." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066399.
Full textAlexandridou, Vasiliki. "L'interaction en cours de français langue étrangère pour adolescents grecs : analyse de classes avec ou sans les nouvelles technologies." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3008.
Full textThe present research concerns the field of the didactic of foreign languages and more specifically of French as a foreign language. The research bases on the study of interactions in French class with or without the New Technologies during the progress of various didactic activities proposed in the methods of French as foreign language, inspired by teachers, or carried out by the means of New Technologies. The data were collected with the aid of recordings carried out in Greek institutions of secondary education and of the information taken from the teachers and learners’ answers to the supplied questionnaires. We look to find out not only how the interaction functions in the class of French as foreign language but also to emphasize the differences between the two types of course, with or without the New Technologies
Moussiou, Anna. "Les rôles de l'enseignant et des apprenants dans la classe du FLE. De nouvelles perspectives." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2009MON30044.
Full textThe present study is about the teacher’s and the students’ role within the class of FFL (French Foreign Language), as well as about the new perspectives in foreign language teaching. The main objective of our research is to develop the theoretical framework in order to support the thesis that the teacher constitutes the main factor which defines the educational process. The present study is articulated in four parts:1) The first one develops the issue of foreign languages within a school environment. 2) The second one examines the complexity of class codes and language norms. 3) The third part is fully dedicated to the teacher, who is the factor of variation of the structural process in the class of foreign language. New competences emerge, as far as the teacher’s role is concerned. We indicate in this part the relation between the teacher’s work and the structuration process of the class. 4) The fourth part is an example of our fieldwork in the French Institute of Athens using video recording in a foreign language class. Our study, in its theoretical and practical aspects, has been effectuated on the grounds of opening new horizons in the future researches in core areas
Jourdan, Silvère. "Du processus de métropolisation à celui de la gentrification, l’exemple de deux villes nord-méditerranéennes : Barcelone et Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3081/document.
Full textEconomic and social changes of old industrial societies have contributed to the transformation of the downtown of many cities. The centripetal flow of capital and population has initiated and intensified in recent decades. The suburbs of cities, initially so attractive, seems to decline for a new type of population who prefers the downtown way of life. This is gentrification. Barcelona, and most recently Marseille, have not escaped this dynamic. Firstly, based on interdisciplinary works, this thesis proposes to record the definition of the process and to grasp the steps and procedures in the field. However, this study leads us to understand the gentrification as an aspect of metropolization, in its economic, urban, social, political and cultural dimensions. Since the 1990s, what have the changes been, that allow us to affirm that "a back to the city" is running? A quantitative approach based on an extensive statistical corpus and the confrontation of these statistical results of the qualitative data, we can answer this question, while revealing an idiosyncratic reality that questions the theory. Finally, the modes and rates of development of a process that is no longer confined to the old and central areas but spreads by capillary action in the inner-suburbs, demonstrates in both north -Mediterranean cities, that there is not one process of gentrification but differentiated processes
Grout, Emmanuelle. "Anti-ulcéreux : apport des nouvelles classes thérapeutiques dans le traitement des ulcères : application à des cas cliniques, règles hygiéno-diététiques des ulcères." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P174.
Full textHamdane, Djemel. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la neuroglobine et de la cytoglobine : nouvelles classes de globines de vertébrés exprimées dans le système nerveux." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112148.
Full textNgb and Cygb, recently discovered intracellular members of vertebrate hemoglobin family. Display the classical three-on-three helical globins fold and are endowed with a hexacoordinate heme iron, in both their ferrous and ferric forms, having the heme distal His-E7 residue as the endogenous ligand. Reversible intramolecular hexa- to penta-coordination of the heme modulates Ngb and Cygb ligand binding properties. Our result show that the overall structural difference between penta and hexa coordinated globins may be rather small and can be overcome by external mofidifications such as high pressure. Contribution of hexacoordination to the hyperthermal stability (Tm ~100°C) and a weak temperature dependence of Ngb oxygenation are two new original mechanisms. In Ngb and Cygb ligand migration to/from the heme distal site may be assisted by a large fluctuation of the protein. Accordingly, the rate-limiting step is rather attributed to the migration of whatever the ligand (internal and external) through the protein matrix than to the chemical barriers. The presence of tremendous cavities leads to a more flexibility of the protein to allow a dynamic conformationnal changes. Interestingly, the human Ngb oxygenation and carbonylation are linked to the redox state of the cell via an intra-molecular disulphide bridge formation/dissociation. The contribution of the cysteines in thermal stability of Ngb is also demonstrated. Overall, apparent affinity for O2 binding to Ngb and to Cygb is comparable to those displayed by pentacoordinated globins such as Mb (~0. 5 mmHgb). Thus, their physiological role can be involved in oxygen storage and its delivery into neurons
Dumond, Hélène. "Approches genomiques pour l'identification des genes cibles de l'activateur transcriptionnel yap1p chez saccharomyces cerevisiae : nouvelles classes fonctionnelles et interconnections entre reseaux de regulation." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112164.
Full textAngelcos-Gutierrez, Nicolas. "La construction du politique chez les nouvelles générations de pobladores au Chili." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0050.
Full textThis work examines the current social organization and political relations of the pobladores (shantytown dwellers in Chile). Specifically, it analyses how the social experience of the pobladores is shaped by "politic", based on the idea that politic is not the same as the electoral participation. Based on this broader definition of politic, I study how the political subjectivity of the pobladores is built, focusing on how they dispute the definition of "poverty" and, therefore, challenge the conditions under which the power is exerted in Chile
Sabin, Pascale. "Les huiles de colza et de tournesol dans les encres d'imprimerie : synthèse et caractérisation de nouvelles classes d'alkydes et formulations associées à base d'esters d'acides gras." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT045G.
Full textTroisemaine, Colin. "Novel class discovery in tabular data : an application to network fault diagnosis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0422.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Novel Class Discovery (NCD) in the context of tabular data. The Novel Class Discovery problem consists in extracting knowledge from a labeled set of already known classes in order to more accurately partition an unlabeled set of new classes. Although NCD has recently received a lot of of attention from the community, it is generally addressed in computer vision problems and sometimes under unrealistic conditions. In particular, the number of novel classes is often assumed to be known in advance, and their labels are sometimes used to tune hyperparameters. Methods based on these assumptions are not applicable to realworld scenarios. Thus, in this thesis we focus on discovery resolution in tabular data when no a priori knowledge is available. The methods developed in the thesis are applied to a real-world case: automatic fault diagnosis in telecommunication networks, with a focus on fiber optic access networks. The aim is to achieve efficient fault management, particularly at the diagnosis stage when unknown faults (new classes) may appear
Duraz, Robin. "Trustable machine learning for intrusion detection systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04929212.
Full textIntrusion detection systems are essentiel components to defend our digital ecosystem. Recently, the advent of machine learning allowed to develop new types of intrusion detection systems, breaking away from the need to carefully craft more and more complex detection rules. These detection systems based on machine learning are able to autonomously learn to recognize different behaviors, given a sufficiently well designed dataset. The context of cybersecurity brings specific requirements to the task at hand, requirements that are different from machine learning's most developed tasks: image recognition and natural language processing. This implies adapting the different mechanisms employed in machine learning to cater to these requirements. Being used in a high stake environment, intrusion detection systems should be used to help in decision-making, yet it is still fundamental to be able to trust them. Therefore, in this thesis, we first developed a new metric based on CVSS scores, allowing to integrate cybersecurity knowledge into the evaluation process of intrusion detection systems. We then focused on how to increase confidence in otherwise incomprehensible decisions. While explainability has yet to be mature enough to properly explain decisions, it can still allow to check the confidence in the decision in a more robust way, leading to investigate or correct mistakes. Finally, we endeavored to complement current approaches, by increasing the ability to detect and differentiate new cyberattacks, leveraging novel machine learning techniques. All these methods thus contribute in making intrusion detection systems based on machine learning more trustable
Rochet, Nathalie. "Physiopathologie des troubles de la glycémie : intérêt de nouvelles classes d'agents pharmacologiques dans le traitement de l'insulinorésistance : rôle d'autoanticorps dirigés contre le récepteur de l'insuline dans le diabète de type 1 et dans certaines hypoglycémies autoimmunes." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4310.
Full textDuquette, Catherine. "Application de l'approche par projet et intégration des technologies de l'information et de la communication description et comparaison du profil motivationnel d'élèves en difficulté." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2002.
Find full textDOULCIER, LAURENT JEAN. "Insertion des lignes nouvelles t. G. V. En sites peri-urbains : proposition d'une methode d'etude d'impacts fondee sur l'elaboration de 15 classes qualitatives et une notation normalisee des parametres permettant la mise en oeuvre operationnelle d'un nouvel outil pour l'urbanisme." Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120035.
Full textTopart, Hélène. "Etude d'une nouvelle classe de graphes : les graphes hypotriangulés." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686960.
Full textTitecat, Marie. "Evaluation d’une nouvelle classe d’antibiotiques : les inhibiteurs de LpxC." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S038.
Full textAntimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) has become a national and international public health concern. Resistant strains are involved in nosocomial diseases and in highly virulent infections, such as plague caused by Yersinia pestis, a potential biological terrorism agent. In this context the development of new antimicrobial compounds efficient on new bacterial targets is critical. LpxC metallo-enzyme catalyzes the first commitment step of the lipid A biosynthesis, a major component of the Gram negative cell wall. LpxC inhibitors have been developed for twenty years but their activity was restricted to enterobacteria and weak against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we have collaborated in the chemical optimization of the compounds thanks to a dynamic approach of enzyme/inhibitor interactions brought by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This technology enabled the development of LPC-058, a new inhibitor, showing a high potency against LpxC (Ki = 3.5 ± 0.2 pM). We studied the in vitro efficacy of LPC-058 and three other compounds (CHIR-090, LPC-011 and LPC-087) against 369 clinical strains responsible for nosocomial infections with various antibiotic resistance profiles. In this part, LPC-058 displayed the broadest spectrum of efficacy, even on Acinetobacter baumannii with the lowest MIC values (MIC90 = 0.12 mg/L against enterobacteria and 0.5 mg/L against P. aeruginosa). It showed bactericidal activity against multi-resistant strains and synergistic activity in association with third generation cephalosporins, imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin against carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa et A. baumannii strains (respectively KPC-2, VIM-1 and OXA-23). However, LPC-058 was constrained by strong protein interactions and a small volume of distribution (Vd = 1.1 L/kg). In vivo efficacy was studied in a murine model of bubonic plague. A 87% survival rate was obtained after five days of 10 mg/kg q8h intravenous administration. As LPC-058 treatment was associated to diarrheas in mice, we evaluated another derivate, LPC-B, characterized by a larger volume of distribution, minor protein fixation and less side effects, even for a high dose posology. We demonstrated a comparable efficacy between 200 mg/kg LPC-B treatment and doxycyclin administration (recommended in plague treatment). This work highlights the potential use of LpxC inhibitors in the management of infections caused by multi-resistant or highly virulent Gram-negative bacteria
Kachour, Maher. "Une nouvelle classe de modèles autorégressifs à valeurs entières." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442146.
Full textIn many practical situations we deal with integer-valued time series. The analysis of such a time series present some difficulties, namely where the analysis is based on some stochastic models. These models must reflect the integer peculiarity of the observed series. Many attempts have been made to define some models which can be used to describe integer-valued time series. Most of the proposed models are based on the thinning operator and they have the same properties as the real-valued models well-known in the literature. The aim of this thesis is to study the integer-valued autoregressive models. We introduce a new class of models based on the rounding operator. Compared to the existent models, the new class has several advantages : simple innovation structure, autoregressive coefficients with arbitrary signs, possible negative values for time series and for the autocorrelation function. We study the stationarity of the models and the strong consistency of the least squares estimator proposed to estimate the parameters. We analyze some well-known time series with the introduced models
Triboulet, Sébastien. "Mécanisme catalytique d'une nouvelle classe de transpeptidases du peptidoglycane." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066282.
Full textL,D-transpeptidases, as D,D-transpeptidases belonging to the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) family, catalyse the last cross-links step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The peptidoglycan of an Enterococcus faecium mutant is exclusively cross-linked by L,D-transpeptidases leading to resistance to all β-lactams except the carbapenems. Since peptidoglycan cross-links are predominantly synthesized by L,D-transpeptidases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis these enzymes are potential targets for chemotherapy of tuberculosis. The aims of the thesis are to identify the kinetic features that account for the specificity of L,D-transpeptidases for carbapenems and to characterise the binding sites for the peptidoglycan precursors in these enzymes. Our results show that the oxyanion resulting from nucleophilic attack of carbapebems by the catalytic cysteine is stabilized into the active site of L,D-transpeptidases. This stabilisation, combined to the absence of hydrolysis of the acylenzyme, leads to the rapid, total and irreversible inactivation of L,D-transpeptidases by carbapenems. Resolution of the acylenzyme structure shows that these kinetic features are independent from the carbapenem side chain that could be modified to optimize the antibiotics. The binding of the acyle acceptor has been identified in Pocket II of Ldtfm that is distinct from the binding site for β-lactams (Pocket I), which mimic the acyle donor. This site and additional peptidoglycan binding sites reveal additional targets for development of new antibiotics that might act in synergy with β-lactams
Topart, Hélène. "Etude d’une nouvelle classe de graphes : les graphes hypotriangulés." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0776/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we define a new class of graphs : the hypochordal graphs. These graphs satisfy that for any path of length two, there exists a chord or another path of length two between its two endpoints. This class can represent robust networks. Indeed, we show that in such graphs, in the case of an edge or a vertex deletion, the distance beween any pair of nonadjacent vertices remains unchanged. Then, we study several properties for this class of graphs. Especially, after introducing a family of specific partitions, we show the relations between some of these partitions and hypochordality. Moreover, thanks to these partitions, we characterise minimum hypochordal graph, that are, among connected hypochordal graphs, those that minimise the number of edges for a given number of vertices. In a second part, we study the complexity, for hypochordal graphs, of problems that are NP-hard in the general case. We first show that the classical problems of hamiltonian cycle, colouring, maximum clique and maximum stable set remain NP-hard for this class of graphs. Then, we analyse graph modification problems : deciding the minimal number of edges to add or delete from a graph, in order to obtain an hypochordal graph. We study the complexity of these problems for sevaral classes of graphs
Triboulet, Sébastien. "Mécanisme catalytique d'une nouvelle classe de transpeptidases du peptidoglycane." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066282.
Full textL,D-transpeptidases, as D,D-transpeptidases belonging to the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) family, catalyse the last cross-links step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The peptidoglycan of an Enterococcus faecium mutant is exclusively cross-linked by L,D-transpeptidases leading to resistance to all β-lactams except the carbapenems. Since peptidoglycan cross-links are predominantly synthesized by L,D-transpeptidases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis these enzymes are potential targets for chemotherapy of tuberculosis. The aims of the thesis are to identify the kinetic features that account for the specificity of L,D-transpeptidases for carbapenems and to characterise the binding sites for the peptidoglycan precursors in these enzymes. Our results show that the oxyanion resulting from nucleophilic attack of carbapebems by the catalytic cysteine is stabilized into the active site of L,D-transpeptidases. This stabilisation, combined to the absence of hydrolysis of the acylenzyme, leads to the rapid, total and irreversible inactivation of L,D-transpeptidases by carbapenems. Resolution of the acylenzyme structure shows that these kinetic features are independent from the carbapenem side chain that could be modified to optimize the antibiotics. The binding of the acyle acceptor has been identified in Pocket II of Ldtfm that is distinct from the binding site for β-lactams (Pocket I), which mimic the acyle donor. This site and additional peptidoglycan binding sites reveal additional targets for development of new antibiotics that might act in synergy with β-lactams
Topart, Hélène. "Etude d’une nouvelle classe de graphes : les graphes hypotriangulés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0776.
Full textIn this thesis, we define a new class of graphs : the hypochordal graphs. These graphs satisfy that for any path of length two, there exists a chord or another path of length two between its two endpoints. This class can represent robust networks. Indeed, we show that in such graphs, in the case of an edge or a vertex deletion, the distance beween any pair of nonadjacent vertices remains unchanged. Then, we study several properties for this class of graphs. Especially, after introducing a family of specific partitions, we show the relations between some of these partitions and hypochordality. Moreover, thanks to these partitions, we characterise minimum hypochordal graph, that are, among connected hypochordal graphs, those that minimise the number of edges for a given number of vertices. In a second part, we study the complexity, for hypochordal graphs, of problems that are NP-hard in the general case. We first show that the classical problems of hamiltonian cycle, colouring, maximum clique and maximum stable set remain NP-hard for this class of graphs. Then, we analyse graph modification problems : deciding the minimal number of edges to add or delete from a graph, in order to obtain an hypochordal graph. We study the complexity of these problems for sevaral classes of graphs
Claude-Sollier, Nathalie. "Réminiscence de "la petite bourgeoisie nouvelle shanghaïenne (xiaozi)" et redéfinition identitaire : étude socio-historique d'un groupe social original." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3012.
Full textSince 1842 and the signing of the Treatment of Nanking granting part of Chinese territory to foreign countries, Shanghai is closely linked to the West. From this emerged period ,a Westernized lifestyle in a business class at the controls of a booming economy. Affected by communism, this class will disappear and lifestyle will be the most scathing criticism. It was not until 1990 and the reopening of Shanghai Economic appears again for a deeply Shanghai tour to the West. Generating new economic boost the appearance of a new population, openness also raises questions of identity. Differences between generations are becoming increasingly significant and Shanghai sees a new emerging "new middle class" whose characteristics are not necessarily economic, but become more personal. At the intersection of globalization and the assertion of Chinese power, an original social group asserts itself, it brings together individuals whose personal quest for happiness takes precedence over the interests of the homeland. Between Westernization and Sinisation, this work aims to decipher the lifestyle of the new middle class in Shanghai tracing the history of Shanghai, the redefinition of social classes and analyzing the daily practices of social groups using data mainly derived from work of Chinese sociology and field surveys, questionnaires and interviews and studies of official statistics
Crane, Emmanuelle. "La stratification sociale et raciale de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1853-1914) vue à travers la photographie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0410.
Full textThe purpose of my thesis is to examine how photography recorded colonial expansion and helped forge a Kanak image and identity. Portrayed in the nineteenth century as a victory of European expansionism and civilisation over a primitive and backward Kanak society, the colonial era has now been challenged by postcolonial discourses denouncing these Eurocentric beliefs. Throughout my thesis I discuss the evolution of the techniques of photography from 19th century to our modern usage of the medium which has become utterly routinised and is deeply inserted into social practices. The extensive collection of New Caledonia photographs dating back to as early as 1840 confirms beyond doubt photography's role in forming our national experience, documenting what was to the emergence of New Caledonian identity. The photographs of the Kanak were stereoptic photographs and showed them with stiff expressions as in fear of their photographers. Photographs became fashionable through paper prints called cartes-de-visites which were mounted on cardboard and featured natives in various costumes and occupations. Individual photographs as well as the group collectively: colonial photography was a tool used in the efforts to control the indigenous population. In my thesis I analyse the evolution of the Kanak identity and the process of acculturation brought by the French through the settlements by various communities, the Church and the growing economy of the 19th century. The images are fundamental to the project, being a major source tfor research and critical evaluation. It is only over the last few decades that the importance of photography as a cultural manifestation has been addressed. My thesis tries to answer how photographic evidence surveyed reflect, deny or obscure the position of Knanks within their own country and the process of acculturation and identity building in New Caledonia
Clerval, Anne. "La gentrification à Paris intra-muros : dynamiques spatiales, rapports sociaux et politiques publiques." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347824.
Full textKachour, Maher. "Une nouvelle classe de modèles auto-régressifs à valeurs entières." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442146.
Full textGilbert, Nicolas. "CORE-SINE, une nouvelle classe de rétroposons des génomes eucaryotes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ47613.pdf.
Full textGilbert, Nicolas. "Core-sine : une nouvelle classe de retroposons des génomes eucaryotes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF21134.
Full textChen, Victor. "Synthèse et évaluations biologiques de strigolactones, nouvelle classe d'hormones végétales." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112117/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. work has been centred on the elaboration of a new synthetic strategy in goal to obtain analogues of natural strigolactones, apocarotenoids with various biological activities of agronomic interests: chemical mediators implicated in the endomycorrhizal symbiosis and a new class of plant hormone controlling the plant architecture.The synthetic strategy is based on the sequence of two key reactions, which are ring closing metathesis (RCM) and atom transfer radical cyclisation (ATRC). First, a rapid and efficient access to the synthetic precursors has been developed and after optimisation of the RCM / ATRC sequence, several analogues functionnalised at the C4 position were obtained after judicious steps. Other bioisoters were obtained with variations on the C ring. On the basis of the elaborated synthetic pathway, the first asymmetric synthesis of Solanacol was successfully achieved conducting to the determination of the relative stereochemistry at C2’ position and its absolute configuration. The biological evaluations of the synthesized molecules in the different models were also described
Sadaoui, Lazhar. "Évaluation de la cohésion des classes : une nouvelle approche basée sur la classification." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1436/1/030168333.pdf.
Full textLeclère, Philippe Simonnot Brigitte Walter Jacques. "Les Tice en classe de l'analyse des usages à l'analyse des non-usages /." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2008/Leclere.Philippe.LMZ0803.pdf.
Full textRogel, Olivier. "Synthése d'une nouvelle classe d'inhibiteurs potentiels d'enzymes à base de phosphore." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ53305.pdf.
Full textGuérard, Françoise. "Une nouvelle classe d'antiulcéreux : les inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P086.
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