Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nouveaux designs'
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Perrin, Flore. "Proposition d'une démarche d'intégration denouvelles méthodes en conception : éléments pour la définition du rôle de l'intégrateur "méthodes"." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0023.
Full textResearch done in this thesis aims to improve the performance of design teams by the use of new methods. In our opinion, the present low rate of use of existing design methods as a primary link to a weakness in the definition of the integration process of these methods. We believe that the definition of an integration strategy of a design method, built upstream in the introduction to a firm, allows a gradual increase in the success rate of implementation projects of these methods. A state-of-the-art analysis presents three fundamental dimensions to new design-methods integration. Therein, we build the basis of our hypotheses and its linked strategy: the 3D process. Then, we propose (1) that the implementation of a Definition's tool strategy causes the individual appropriation, (2) that the implementation of a Demonstration strategy creates a validation of the method, and (3) that the implementation of a Diffusion strategy permits a Harmonization of collective practices in the whole organization. Our process has been to test two integration projects of new methods in Bourjois: integration of new models of the “Offer” brief and integration of Functionnal Analysis. In the last part of this document, we have concentrated on turning the 3D process “theoretical and abstract” into a dashboard “practical and operational”, for the integrator of the new methods. The main function of this dashboard is to guide the integrator in the definition of the integration strategy of the new design method. It has been used by Bourjois to simulate the integration of a new method of risks analysis
Chadha, Kush. "Improvement of water management in PEM fuel cells using water balance and electrochemical noise analysis." Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2251.
Full textThis thesis deals to optimize the performance of PEMFC fuel cells, through the development of new flow-field plate designs. Tools such as water balance and electrochemical noise analysis have been used to diagnose water management within a PEMFC single cell. Optimal management of the water transport enables an increase of the performance and durability of fuel cells. Water balance method was used to measure and frame the value of the effective water diffusion coefficient within the membranes of fuel cells. New flow-flied plate geometries have been developed and characterized by conventional polarization curve and pressure measurements. The electrochemical noise technique was used to detect phenomena related to the behavior of water during fuel cell operation for each geometry developed. Electrochemical noise measurements have been associated with source mechanisms through an experimental approach and an appropriate signal processing based on frequency and time analysis. The descriptors obtained by time and frequency analysis shows that it possible to obtain the signature in normal operation of a fuel cell using a classical serpentine. This signature was compared to the new developed designs allowing to characterize the influence of these new geometries on the water transport. Finally, to complete the experimental approach carried out on the water diffusion coefficient within the membranes of PEMFC fuel cells, a model based on polarization curve, considering this coefficient, was developed and compared to the experimental curves of performances. In perspective, the impact of the new developed geometries has been extended in a stack utilization and a prognosis model based on artificial neural networks has been proposed
Brabez, Nabila. "Design, synthèse et étude de nouveaux ligands multimériques : vers de nouveaux marqueurs de cellules tumorales." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066153.
Full textLongeras, Olympe. "Design et compréhension de nouveaux solvants eutectiques profonds." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC048.
Full textDeep Eutectics Solvents (DES) is a new class of solvent which has emerged during the last decades. DES have been increasingly studied because of their low cost and low toxicity. Because of these properties, DES could potentially replace toxic solvents used in large area of chemistry. To reach this goal, a broader knowledge of these new systems has to be acquired. Therefore, in the first work of this thesis, solid-liquid phase diagrams of three partially renewable DES have been established. The comparison of these diagrams to an ideal mixing model is showing a negative deviation that allows to considered them as “deep” eutectics solvents. Following this work on the binary mixture, water was added to these DES. A first aqueous - DES mixture with a lower critical solution temperature (LSCT) has been highlighted and the origin of this remarkable property has been elucidated. To complete the initial work aiming to get a deeper understanding of these new DES, these solvents have also been tested for two applications: carbon dioxide capture and liquid-liquid extractions of dyes
Dubuc, Dominique. "Philosophie de la conception avec les nouveaux outils informatiques." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69772.
Full textThe first chapter consists of an introduction which illustrates the approaches that were used to complete this thesis. Several methods and analyses support the development of approaches upon which future research into the philosophy of design using new computer tools should be based.
The second chapter lists the computer peripherals which determine the features of a computer work station. Without its peripherals, the computer is simply a giant calculator. It is therefore important to address this subject in depth when creating a work station adapted to design.
The third chapter covers the description of current CAD and the manner in which the data are classified according to their use. Following a summary of the history of CAD and the evolution of generations of systems, this chapter describes today's CAD from the point of view of the user, that is, by the data he uses.
The fourth chapter of the thesis describes the progress of a project using the process of continuous design. This chapter looks at the interrelation that exists between the stages in order to show the usefulness of the computer as a design tool. Significant interest has been shown in a new stage: the formalization of the project, which makes the link between the drawing stage and the preproject stage.
The conclusion of this thesis puts the current CAD situation into perspective in order to pave the way for the development of new CAD, better adapted to architects and designers and allowing them to finally conceive their projects on computer.
Bogdan, Niculina Daniela. "Design, synthèse, analyse structurale et réactivité de nouveaux cyclophanes." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES030.
Full textWe reported here the synthesis and the structural analysis of [7. 7]pyridinophanes, [4. 4]cyclophanes diethers and [4. 4]cyclophanes diesters which exhibit 1. 3-dioxanes rings and mono and di ketones. The structural analysis was carried out using X-ray diffractometry, NMR and mass spectrometry. These investigations revealed the conformational behaviour of the molecules. Due to their dynamics the [7. 7]cyclophanes and some of the [4. 4]cyclophanes were considered molecular rotors. The formation of supramolecular aggregates for some of the macrocycle compounds with molecules of solvent, the intra and intermolecular interactions (π-stacking, CH-π and C=O-π) and the formation of the channels which embed (or not) molecules of solvents was also revealed
Endara, Diana. "« Design » et approche prédictive de nouveaux oxyphosphates de bismuth." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10011/document.
Full textThis work consisted in applying an original predictive approach, to predict and develop new inorganic compounds in the ternary system Bi2O3-P2O5-MOx (where M is a cation or a mixture of cations of different types). The systematic rationalization of already existing structures permits to infer from a structural point of view that these phases were the result of the organization of building units (Bus) based on tetrahedrons O(Bi,M)4 connected to form ribbons or columns. This work deals with the diversification of the building units, their size and their arrangement to expand the possibilities of assemblies. Empiric rules have been established for a real and rational prediction of new complex inorganic structures. Non-centro-symmetric materials (NCS) were obtained. The presence of Bi3 + lone pair in these compounds induced strong linear optical properties that have been tested. This work includes the description, validation, development, structure and properties of new bismuth oxo-phoshates
Chénard, Sylvain. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux modèles de canaux anioniques artificiels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0001/MQ43800.pdf.
Full textMouhsine, Hadley. "Développement de nouveaux inhibiteurs du TNFα identifiés par Drug Design." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0842/document.
Full textMonoclonal antibodies have been a revolution for the treatment of chronicinflammatory diseases but present several drawbacks (secondary effects, prohibitive costs,resistance)Our team develops TNFα inhibitors using two approaches : active immunizationagainst cytokine peptides and small compounds having a direct inhibition on TNFα.I have evaluated in vitro the best compounds selected after in silico screening of achemical library and I have identified a small molecule which was protective in two animalmodels (septic shock and DSS induced colitis). I have also analyzed chemical analogues ofthe best compounds found in vitro.I have also tested the immunogenicity of TNFα peptides but they did not yieldneutralizing antibodies in vitro, and we thus did not test them in vivo.My work was at the interface of bioinformatics, chemistry and biology, and this hasenabled me to understand the key issues in the modern development of drugs
Pierrot, David. "Etude de nouveaux agents antipaludiques innovants : design, synthèse et bioactivité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4365.
Full textSpeciophyllin (or Uncarine D) is a natural product extracted from the endemic African plant Mitragyna inermis. It is active against Plasmodium falciparum’s chloroquine-resistant strain W2 which is one of the malaria responsible parasites. Speciophyllin’s action pathway remains unknown and more important amounts that cannot be provided by plant extraction are required to go on with the biologic activity studies. The aims of this work were to develop an enantioselective synthetic methodology to access speciophyllin’s spiranic core to be able to achieve its total synthesis. Through substructures synthesis and antiplasmodial activity evaluation we could study speciophyllin’s pharmacophore
Lotz, Felix. "A conversation between Art Nouveau and Digital design." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193091.
Full textDenna studien kontrasterar Art Nouveau/ Jugendstil perioden 1880-1920 med dagens datorstödda design diskurs med fokus på den böjda linjen. Studien undersöker skillnader och likheter i kontext, metod, filosofi och form mellan de båda perioderna. Studien inkluderar en analys av den kurvatur som används inom Art Nouveau / Jugendstil och undersöker vidare byggnadskomposition, fasader och ornament i de båda tidsperioderna. Studien försöker besvara följande frågor: Fins det några signifikanta former eller geometrier i Art Nouveau / Jugendstil arkitekturen och hur skiljer dessa sig från dagens datorstödda arkitektur, Går det att på ett relevant sätt använda delar av Art Nouveau / Jugendstil arkitekturen och dess diskurrs på ett idag relevant sätt.
Colbeau-Justin, Frédéric. "Design de nouveaux catalyseurs par incorporation d'hétéropolyanion dans une matrice mésostructurée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828469.
Full textFrancis, Jérémy. "Vers un design orienté de nouveaux catalyseurs zéolithiques sélectifs pour l'hydrocraquage." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10013.
Full textHydrocracking bifunctional catalysts can be obtained using USY zeolite crystals as an acid function and NiMoS metal sulfide phase as a hydro/dehydrogenating (H/DH) function dispersed on an alumina binder [NiMoS/(_-Al2O3 + USY)]. These catalysts are very active but have a moderate selectivity towards middle distillates. One of the suggested explanations is the large distance between the two different types of catalytic sites leading to secondary reactions and to the formation of light products. In this work, an additional H/DH phase (nickel) has been inserted in USY zeolites using various methods in order to obtain catalysts in which a sulfided phase is located in the vicinity of the acid sites. The use of impregnated or ion exchanged nickel containing zeolites in a typical hydrocracking catalyst leads to higher activities and middle distillates selectivities in the squalane (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane) hydroconversion reaction than the use of bare zeolites. According to the structure-reactivity relation of the catalysts, these enhancements are ascribed to an increased proximity between the H/DH function and the acid sites. Moreover, the use of a synthesized Ni-zeolite leads to promising results. The use of an additional H/DH phase as an optimization route for the production of more active and selective hydrocracking catalysts is then clearly supported by this work
Chardin, Charline. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux sels organiques pour le développement de polyélectrolytes." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC278/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 21th century, Ionic liquids (ILs) have been an important source of innovation in chemical academic and industrial research because they can be synthesized, modulated and used then in many applications. Because of their advantages, ILs are of great interest in the field of polymer materials. Thus, this work describes the synthesis of original organic salts to develop innovative polyelectrolytes. For this, we have developed new routes to access to imidazolium salts functionalized by reactive epoxide functions thanks to the development of an effective and flexible oxidative methodology, feasible on a large scale. The thermal analysis of this salts revealed a very good thermal stability up to 400°C and a low glass transition temperature between -60 °C and -26 °C generally. Following these results, the study was extended to anions to provide epoxides associated with novel sulfonimides. During this second phase, the insertion of epoxide functions on the sulfonimide anion was successfully carried out allowing access to different prepolymers such as a triepoxide cation/anion. In a second part, we carried out a mechanistic study using a monoepoxide salt in the presence of different amines to identify the main active sites during the polymerization. According to this information, we have confirmed the stability of the imidazolium and the very good reactivity of the epoxide with various amines leading to a better understanding of the overall architecture of the network. From this work, a novel epoxy network was prepared in collaboration with the polymer materials engineering laboratory (IMP) of INSA of Lyon. For this, a diepoxide salt was selected and copolymerized in the presence of a diamine hardener (Jeffamine D230) in order to design flexible epoxy/amine networks having very interesting properties in comparison with conventional epoxy networks
Hueber, Damien. "Design, synthèse et application de nouveaux catalyseurs d'or (I) et d'or (III)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF015/document.
Full textIn organic synthesis, the research of new catalysts is an essential issue to improve reactional conditions and to discover new reactions, especially in gold chemistry. To contribute to this development, we were interested in the nature of the counter-ion, which impact the reactivity of the gold catalyst, with the polyoxometalates. These polyanions, thanks to their nature, allowed to obtain new efficient, polyvalent, multi-functional and heterogeneous catalysts, which could be applied to a wide scope of gold catalyzed reactions.We also studied another essential parameter of the composition of gold catalysts: the ligand. We focused our attention on the N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), whose modularity of their electronic and steric properties confer important activities to gold catalysts. Thus we developed different kind of NHC, by functionalizing them so they can be involved in the reactivity, or by attributing them very bulky groups to influence the reactivity and selectivity
Bertrand, Gwenaëlle. "Le design critique et les nouveaux enjeux de conception : un territoire historico-géopolitique de 1960 à nos jours." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC024/document.
Full textThis research work aims to contribute to the study of the new challenges of conception raised by critical design. In several respects the corpus of this thesis is based on a history of coun¬ter history, a way of doing and thinking whose conspicuous historicity takes place in the late sixties when a few designers decided to reconsider the notion of project and stray from the straight and narrow in order to question society through the means of design. The notion of criticism - from the Greek krinein meaning «separate», «discriminate» - takes on its full meaning by introducing a shift (not a break) which makes room for inter¬vals and allows sensitive thinking and conception. From human enhancement to human modification, this thesis also reveals a number of concerns which go beyond the invention of artificial means and touch upon biological aspects. Considering that the critical dimen¬sion in the field of design has been exhausted, this research highlights a few ways to deconstruct the operating principles of this discipline as well as its reinventions
Guilloux, Gaël. "Ecodesign, du contexte au produit : contribution méthodologique à l'intégration de l'environnement dans les métiers du design industriel." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/77/09/53/PDF/2009_these_G_Guilloux.pdf.
Full textIndustrial design take account used and user experience (Context) to offer a concept of product (functionalities, form, aesthetic, used, etc. ), based on “ undefined ” or “ wick ” problem. Industrial design looks for a global solution to the problem before finding a definitive solution. Ecodesign allows identifying variants which manage environmental impacts, based on product initial ideas or incremental orientation of existing products. It identifies the problem, decomposed in more assures sub problems which we will look for sub solutions. Aggregation of these sub-solutions into a cohesive unit will provide the final solution. Ecodesign approaches invert the logic of project management (strategic objectives choices and tools to achieve them). They rarely allow the integration and contributions of other skills of the project, including strategic skills, which does not facilitate strategic and financial decision-making. Eco-design responds to company specific issues (image, finance, internal mobilization, reduction of its impact). Our hypothesis is the approach, methodologies and tools for eco-design does not match to industrial design activity. Industrial design skill is supposed to convey use values and product context’s vision to an efficient product development. Nowadays, industrial designers explore environmental and social actions. However, our second hypothesis is that industrial design isn’t really involved in taking account environmental and social aspects. He has no tools to assess and allow for recognition his environmental actions. Observation and analysis of 26 ecodesign companies approaches, show lack of user consideration in most of these approaches. This allows us to validate our first hypothesis. Our third hypothesis is that the presence of industrial design in ecodesign approach would provide to include use values, greater product differentiation, and greater consistency of company actions. The approach integrating Industrial design work implement innovative advances that go beyond mere compliance to more proactive approach. A « Cradle to Cradle Design© » experimentation in companies, where industrial designers was project managers, allowed us to validate the third hypothesis by showing the ability to industrial design in changing the economic paradigm and the business model. There is the ability of Industrial design to mobilize all stakeholders and expertise of the project (on the entire supply chain) towards short, medium and long term problems, on innovative topics such as service, identity, toxicity, Sustainable Lifestyle, material, etc. . ). This leads us to define our research question: How can we allow industrial designers involvement in projects development of environmentally products and services, with the aim to reintegrate use value? To incorporate environmental and societal aspects in this approach, industrial designer must first acquires environmental and social knowledge and know how which is necessary to ensure his presence and action within steps of environmental product development. Thus, we propose a methodology for Responsible Design Guidance (MOD-R) to determine the actions of responsible design, to use specific tools to enable its responsible answer. Our method considers that responsible industrial design actions are « progressing »: These are interested first in the context of the project to finally consider the good or service. They are gathered around three strategies that are lifestyle, consumption and the good (or service). It allows, from knowledge and environmental & social objectives to implement a responsible industrial design activity. It includes to existing industrial design tools a number of additional shares or integrating in its various steps. The result of the responsible design activity can increase their own knowledge in responsible design, or if the result is not in compliance with the request, to reassess its initial objective
Allard, Nicolas. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux polymères pi-conjugués et optimisation de dispositifs photovoltaïques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25936.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and the study of a new family of π-conjugated polymers based on the thieno[3,4-d]thiazole (TTz) moiety for their applications in photovoltaic devices. Complementary to this study, we also investiguated the scope of a new polymerization reaction, the direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP). First of all, a first series of conjugated polymers was synthesized by using the TTz moiety in combination with the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophène (BDT) moiety as comonomer. The optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic characterization of those polymers led to interesting results regarding eventual applications in photovoltaic devices. Then, the study focused on the effet of the addition of aromatic lateral groups on the TTz moiety and the utilization of diffent electron-poor or electron-rich moieties as comonomers on the polymer optical and electrochemical properties. Even though a large diversity of optical and electrochemical properties were obtained, most polymers were not good candidate for photovoltaic applications. Then the study focuses on the firsts polymers synthesized based on the BDT and the TTz moieties. From this polymer structure, we develop a new series of polymers of the same family by adding thiophene spacers between the two comonomers and by using different alkyl chain at different positions in the optic to modify the morphologie obtained once the active layer is formed in the photovoltaic device. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated from those six polymers and, by a systematic optimization process, efficiencies reaching 4.89 % have been obtained with the polymer TTz-19. Finally, during this work, a new polymerization method allowing the reduction synthetic steps for the fabrication of polymers have been used. Following studies already started in our group, we investiguated the scope of the reaction by using two new electron-poor unit never used in DHAP, the furo[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (FPD) and the selenopheno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (SePD). This study showed that the DHAP reaction can be easily and efficiently applied to those two new electron-poor moities to obtain polymers with high yields and high molecular weights.
Jacob, Delphine. "Pierre Guariche designer-architecte d'intérieur (1926-1995) et les nouveaux programmes architecturaux issus de la croissance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010506/document.
Full textThis thesis puts forward a monographic approach to the career of Peter Guariche, designer-creator of French interior designer assemblies. The "Glorious thirty" represent a decisive turning point for this professional because they coincide with the beginning of industrialization in the furniture sector. The historical and political context explains his involveruent in the creation of full programs of articles intended to furnish standardized Reconstruction housing. He realizes that the mass production furniture, produced by industrial processes and at reasonable prices, can solve the effects of the failure of the policy of the French state, To adjust his "modem" furniture in the plan-type, it is inspired by the production of Arnerican designers and creates innovative standardized and rational objects on a technical and aesthetical level. ln 1954, he solicits Michel Mortier and Joseph-André Motte and creates with them L'Atelier de Recherches Plastiques. They understand that ail three young designers must unite around a common project: promoting their mass production furniture with manufacturers. Thereafter. each of them takes their independence and takes back their respective work. The ncw professional guidance of Pierre Guariche offers him the opportunity to collaborate on original interior architectural programs. stemming from the land use policy. This thesis deals with the social, political and economic contexts in which he practices, but also the facts and actors. which open up future areas to explore in the history of French design
Márquez, Borbόn Raymundo. "Nouveaux schémas de commande et d'observation basés sur les modèles de Takagi-Sugeno." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0040/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the estimation and controller design for continuous-time nonlinear systems. The methodologies developed are based on the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) representation of the nonlinear model via the sector nonlinearity approach. All strategies intend to get more relaxed conditions.The results presented for controller design are split in two parts. The first part is about standard TS models under control schemes based on: 1) a quadratic Lyapunov function (QLF); 2) a fuzzy Lyapunov function (FLF); 3) a line-integral Lyapunov functions (LILF); 4) a novel non-quadratic Lyapunov functional (NQLF). The second part concerns to TS descriptor models. Two strategies are proposed: 1) within the quadratic framework, conditions based on a general control law and some matrix transformations; 2) an extension to the nonquadratic approach based on a line-integral Lyapunov function (LILF) using non-PDC control law schemes and the Finsler’s Lemma; this strategy offers parameter-dependent linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions instead of bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) constraints for second-order systems. On the other hand, the problem of the state estimation for nonlinear systems via TS models is also addressed considering: a) the particular case where premise vectors are based on measured variables and b) the general case where premise vectors can be based on unmeasured variables. Several examples have been included to illustrate the applicability of the obtained results
Hemonnet-Goujot, Aurélie. "La collaboration entre le marketing et les agences de design : quelle influence sur le processus de développement des nouveaux produits ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010051.
Full textCompanies frequently resort to external design agencies to help develop new products, with marketing usually the key internal contact, but few studies have analyzed the influence of this collaboration on the new product development process (NPD). While they are able to detect trends, observe users’ problems and favor innovativeness, design agencies must act in synergy with marketing to create fruitful collaboration that drives innovation. Based on three distinct and complementary approaches, this research examines how the characteristics of this dyad and its collaborative arrangements influence the NPD process. (1) The process approach: Drawing on nine dyadic case studies, it offers an extended framework of factors that influence the performance of NPD process in this collaboration and identifies the influence of three new factors pertaining to design agencies: their key assets, their commitment to respecting brand identity, and the number of NPD stages on which they collaborate. (2) The comparative approach: Based on an embedded case study, it identifies the contribution of design thinking in the ideation phase relative to other emerging approaches such as crowdsourcing, which are already deployed by marketing. It shows that design thinking both provides a founding framework to shed light on use patterns and promotes the development of innovative capabilities. (3) The explanatory approach: Based on a sample of 103 new products, constructed according to the historical method, it identifies factors influencing the level of product innovativeness and highlights the moderating role of brand visibility in collaborations between brands and design agencies
Rouanet, Pierre. "Apprendre à un robot à reconnaître des objets visuels nouveaux et à les associer à des mots nouveaux : le rôle de l’interface." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14510/document.
Full textThis thesis is interested in the role of interfaces in human-robot interactions for learning. In particular it studies how a well conceived interface can aid users, and more specifically non-expert users, to guide social learning of a robotic student, notably by facilitating situations of joint attention. We study how the interface can make the interaction more robust, more intuitive, but can also push the humans to provide good learning examples which permits the improvement of performance of the system as a whole. We examine this question in the realm of personal robotics where social learning can play a key role in the discovery and adaptation of a robot in its immediate environment. We have chosen to study this question of the role of the interface in social learning within a particular instance of learning : the combined learning of visual objects and new words by a robot in interactions with a non-expert human. Indeed this challenge represents an important an lever in the development of personal robotics, the acquisition of language for robots, and natural communication between a human and a robot. We have studied more particularly the challenge of human-robot interaction with respect to pointing and joint attention.We present first of all in Chapter 1 a description of our context : personal robotics. We then describe in Chapter 2 the problems which are more specifically linked to social robotic development and interactions with people. Finally, in Chapter 3, we present the question of interfaces in acquisition of the first words of language for a robot. The user centered approach followed throughout the work of this thesis will be described in Chapter 4. In the following chapters, we present the different contributions of this thesis. In Chapter 5, we show how some interfaces based on mediator objects can permit the guiding of a personal robot in a cluttered home environment. In Chapter 6, we present a complete system based on human-robot interfaces, the algorithms of visual perception and machine learning in order to study the impact of interfaces, and more specifically the role of different feedback of what the robot perceives, on the quality of collected learning examples of visual objects. A large scale user-study of these interfaces, designed in the form of a robotic game that reproduces realistic conditions of use outside of a laboratory, will be described in details in Chapter 7. In Chapter 8, we present an extension of the system which allows the collection of semi-automatic learning examples of visual objects. We then study the question of combined acquisition of new vocal words associated with visual objects in Chapter 9. We show that the interface can permit both the improvement of the performance of the speech recognition and direct categorization of the different learning examples through simple and transparent user’s interactions. Finally, a discussion of the limits and possible extensions of these contributions will be presented in Chapter 10
Erdmann, Alexandre. "Conception, synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux inhibiteurs de méthyltranférases d'ADN à visée anticancéreuse." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30270.
Full textEpigenetic is defined as the study of heritable changes in the genes expression without altering the DNA sequence. Two main processes are implicated in this field, the histones modifications and the DNA methylation. By introducing an acetyl or a methyl group on the histone tails or by methylation of DNA, the chromatin state is modified and the gene expression is controlled. Aberrant epigenetic modifications are associated with several diseases, in particular with cancer. In cancer cells, the whole DNA is hypomethylated, thus promoting genome instability, while the promoter region is hypermethylated, inducing silencing of these genes. Overall, these observations indicate that DNA methylation is a central epigenetic process in cancerogenesis. Since DNA methylation is reversible, it is possible to target the methylation process in order to reactivate tumor suppressor genes. The DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the enzymes responsible for DNA methylation, use the SAM co-factor at specific CpG sites to product 5-methylcytosine. Three main isoforms (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) are described to ensure efficient methylation process during replication. Two families of DNMT inhibitors already exist, the nucleosidiques analogues are cytidine derivatives and are toxic molecules because of their incorporation into DNA, and the non-nucleosidic analogues are less toxic but also less potent. Our strategy of drug design is based on docking study and high throughput screening (HTS) information. First, novel potent derivatives of reference inhibitors are designed from molecular modelling. Then, three different families of compounds from HTS are described with appropriate structure-activity relationship studies. Mechanistic information on DNA methylation process are described through the discovery of a reactive inhibitor of DNMT3A. The study on a family of hydrazone derivatives of gallic acid is depicted and shows its selectivity for DNMT3A, compared to DNMT1, based on docking study. An alternative chemical pathway to diaminopyrimidines is described and extended to the synthesis of quinazolone in order to synthesize new quinazoline derivatives as potent inhibitors of DNMT. Promising informations are described in this thesis to enrich epigenetic knowledge of tumor genesis and to provide new molecules for anticancer therapy
Paunescu, Emilia. "Design, synthèse, analyse structurale et activité antipaludique des nouveaux analogues de l'amodiaquine et l'amopyroquine." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S013.
Full textBoyer, Aurélie. "Design de nouveaux synthons dérivés de l'acide oléique : application à la synthèse de polyuréthanes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14168/document.
Full textAbstract
Turtaut, François. "Conception, synthèse et activité de nouveaux agents anti-infectieux ciblant l'histidinol deshydrogénase de bactéries à développement intracellulaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20094.
Full textThe raise of antibiotic resistances increases the difficulty to eradicate bacterial infections. The development of new therapeutic approaches, such as the antivirulence strategy, is essential to limitate the impact of this phenomenon. This manuscript details a new therapeutic approach against intracellular pathogens. Genomic analyses allowed to discover new targets. The histidinol dehydrogenase (HDH, EC 1.1.1.23), which is an enzyme involved in histidine biosynthesis, has therefore be chosen for the conception of new antibacterial compounds. Inhibition studies of HDH of Brucella suis allows a validation of the strategy. In order to confirm the width of the therapeutic spectrum of synthesised compounds, the inhibition of HDH from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is envisaged and preliminary experiments are presented
Dias, Botelho Róber. "Le Design automobile face aux défis de la globalisation et du développement durable : à la recherche de nouveaux paradigmes." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961215.
Full textSultan, Manzoor. "Oxydation sélective de l'isobutane en acide methacrylique : Méthodologie de sélection et de design de nouveaux catalyseurs." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1215.
Full textA more active and stable catalyst for the selective oxidation of isobutane into methacrylic acid was searched by modifying the prima structure of H3PM012040 by substitution with vanadium and by introduction of counter-cations (NH4+, Cs+». The effects of proportion of cesium and ammonium salts of PMo11V along with the deposition of H4PMo11VO40 over Cs3HPMo11V040 were also investigated. The modelling and the detemination of kinetic parameters from a small number of experiments were served for the catalysts evaluation and employed as a tool for the development of new formulations. This analysis allowed us to clarify the role of the different constituents and their proportions on the different reaction steps. Fudhemore, the catalytic behaviour was correlated to the chemical structure studied by various characterizing techniques. The hypothesis of the formation of an acid phase with the cubic structure, probably PMo12-type, was established on the basis of the set of results obtained. Therefore, the role of cesium would be to disperse and to stabilize the active ph me in this structure. The vanadium, necessary to obtain a high selectivity, does not seem to participate to the process of activation of isobutane ; its principal action, however, would be to enhance the transformation of methacrolein into methacrylic acid. The role of ammonium ions is although not so clear but their elimination during them treatment and reaction seems to be the source of restoration of a pw of catalyst acidity. These conclusions provide a new bmis for the elaboration of still more active and selective catalysts by improving the active phase, its dispersion and the support. The optimization of proportions could play a major role on the orientation of selectivity in the case the hypothesis of the limitation of products desorption appears to be confirmed
Monge, Aurélien. "Création et utilisation de chimiothèques optimisées pour la recherche in silico de nouveaux composés bioactifs." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122995.
Full textIdéalement la préparation des composés destinés au criblage devrait se faire grâce à un logiciel dédié à cette problématique. Il n'existe cependant aucun logiciel qui soit complètement adapté. Nous avons donc entrepris le développement d'un logiciel de ce type : ScreeningAssistant.
Ce logiciel s'appuie sur un système de gestion de bases de données et permet de créer et de maintenir à jour des chimiothèques de plusieurs millions de molécules uniques provenant de fournisseurs différents. Il permet également de filtrer les structures, en éliminant les molécules potentiellement problématiques ou avec des probabilités d'activités faibles, et de sélectionner un ensemble de composés divers.
Ce logiciel a été utilisé pour l'analyse d'une base de 5 millions de références provenant de 38 fournisseurs de produits chimiques. La proportion de composés uniques, originaux, « drug-like », « lead-like », et divers ont été comparés. La diversité a été étudiée en utilisant des notions différentes, et un score de diversité globale, prenant en compte la diversité suivant les différents critères, a été proposé.
Différentes applications de sélection de composés pour le criblage sont présentées. Ces applications utilisent le programme ScreeningAssistant et d'autres algorithmes développés pour résoudre certains problèmes particuliers.
Tsafarakis, Stelios. "An integrated marketing system for the optimal product line design problem, in a competitive reaction context, based on the qualitative consumer behavior analysis." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090056.
Full textBeauloye, Jennifer. "Arts décoratifs et Art nouveau." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209414.
Full textAu point de convergence de deux traditions historiographiques (celle du rapport Art – Industrie et celle de l’Art nouveau), la présente thèse s’attache à démontrer ce phénomène d’autonomisation selon une approche comparée systématique des situations française et belge. Le cadre chronologique débute à l’extrême fin du XVIIIe siècle et s’achève au tout début du XXe siècle, avant que les avant-gardes successives consacrent l’ère machiniste. Au XIXe siècle, dans un équilibre encore délicat entre art, artisanat et industrie, les enjeux économiques, politiques et esthétiques seront successivement débattus par les politiques, les revues d’art et les artistes. La présente thèse s’attache à décrypter, tour à tour, les politiques économiques, les offensives de séduction et les principes esthétiques déployés et mis en œuvre par l’ensemble de ces acteurs de la régénérescence décorative. Pour vérifier leur impact, les discours seront à l’épreuve de la création moderne à travers les exemples de la galerie parisienne de Siegfried Bing et du parcours de l’artiste liégeois Gustave Serrurier. Dans le même élan, sera mis en exergue le processus d’autonomisation qui permettra aux arts décoratifs belges de s’affranchir du modèle français et propulsera Bruxelles en scène décorative moderne qui rivalisera avec Paris.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Goncalves, Leonardo Gomes Sette. "A morte de Deus na arquitetura: aproximações entre L\'Esprit Nouveau e o existencialismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/93/93131/tde-27012016-135409/.
Full textThis work is part of the activities to obtain the title of Master of Arts from the Graduate Inter Program in Aesthetics and Art History at the University of São Paulo (USP-PGEHA). It is desired to identify some concepts present in the Existential Phenomenology of Jean-Paul Sartre that may be located within the training structure Modern Design in Architecture and Design. The modern thinking in architecture and existential thought in philosophy are both unique reflections of a much broader transformation and radical in the history of the Western world. But this time - the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century - is to philosophy and the artistic field a moment of unprecedented disruption. This transformer thought gemina both existentialist philosophy as in modern architecture - associated with these transformations - are evident through the manifestos, treaties and the writings of this time. This paper therefore seeks to find, through the analysis of these two theoretical sets, some concepts that can be interrelated. At the end of the process it is hoped, however, that produced analysis can contribute to enlarge, to a very specific point of view, the perception of training modern movement in architecture and design.
Zenner, Alexis. "Caractérisation hydro-thermique d’un réacteur industriel : vers un nouveau procédé plus performant." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1087.
Full textHydrodynamics and heat transfers in packed bed reactors have been studied for about sixty years. The information supplied by this work is important for the design of industrial reactors. Indeed, there is a close relationship between the heat and mass transfers and the design of the process (reactor and catalytic support); this is highlighted in the state of the art. It is clear that the complexity of the phenomena is the cause of divergences between the observations and the conclusions made by the authors. Two laboratory-scale pilots were designed and set up during this PhD thesis. One is dedicated to the hydrodynamic studies and the other to the thermal studies. The hydro-thermal characterization of the reactors includes a step of development of mathematical models associated with the pilots. They represent transfers occurring within the bed of particles. Coupling experimental data with the models allows estimating the effective parameters of the porous medium. The four characteristic quantities studied in this PhD thesis are the pressure drop, the axial dispersion, the overall effective conductivity and the heat transfer coefficient at the wall. The results are compared with the data provided by the open literature. This validates the estimation methods developed during this PhD thesis. It is noticed that the predictive correlations of the effective thermal conductivity are not adapted to the morphologies of the most complex supports. Based on our measurements, new correlations were developed
Barnat, Samed. "Etude prédictive de fiabilité de nouveaux concepts d’assemblage pour des « system-in-package » hétérogènes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14243/document.
Full textThis thesis project is a study of the predictive reliability of new microelectronic package concepts such as "system in package" SiP. The objective is to develop a reliable predictive methodology adapted to the new assembly concepts to optimize and to predict the performance at the design phase. Then, the methodology is applied to concrete projects. This methodology of predictive reliability involves the use of experimental studies, thermomechanical simulations and statistical analysis to process the data and assess the reliability and risks of failure. The use of simulation tools for electronic components is well suited to assist in the evaluation of the most fragile areas, the setting up of design rules and the determination of the most influential parameters with a reduction in the setup time market for a reliable and optimized performance. Studies on silicon strength are conducted with two tests: ball on ring test and on three-point bend test show that the grinding and the thickness influence the variation of the stress and deflection of the silicon at break. With the three points bend test, the onset of crack is linked to defects in sawing and grinding zone. However, with the ball on ring test, only the surface quality influences the initiation of cracks. The ball on ring test is well suited for evaluating the quality of the silicon surface. Chemical techniques of stress release, such as wet etching and plasma etching, improve significantly the strength of silicon samples. These tests on silicon dies are used to characterize the breakdown of silicon under bending test and to complete the simulation results. We have demonstrated in this work, the need and the usefulness of the virtual prototyping of electronic components and the use of a predictive methodology in assessing reliability
Nogueira, Ana Paula Gomes Dias. "Ilustração de moda segundo a obra de Mucha, Klimt e Schiele." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12111.
Full textA Ilustração de Moda foi, desde o seu aparecimento, considerada tanto um meio publicitário para as criações de designers, como um registo histórico do traje, tendo portanto passado por variadas técnicas, da pintura à fotografia, cobrindo também o desenho digital. Actualmente a Ilustração de Moda incluí o cruzamento de diferentes técnicas, criando assim um maior valor na peça final. Este Projecto de Investigação teórico-prático pretende chegar a um Estudo Exploratório do cruzamento da forma ilustrativa de grandes nomes da história da pintura com a Ilustração de Moda Contemporânea. Como casos de estudo, foram abordadas as obras de três pintores – Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt e Egon Schiele –, e posteriormente utilizadas para ilustrar o trabalho de três designers de Moda Contemporânea – Givenchy, Balmain e Ann Demeulemeester. Partindo de uma procura e revisão de conhecimentos teóricos sobre a vida e obra dos artistas em estudo, pretende-se posteriormente reflectir estes conhecimentos na prática de experiências ilustrativas. A exploração prática desta Dissertação é dividida em três momentos, cada um resultando numa série de ilustrações distintas. No primeiro momento cada ilustração será realizada apenas com a influência da obra de um pintor; no segundo cada uma das ilustrações será baseada nas características da obra de dois pintores distintos; o terceiro e último momento resultará em ilustrações obtidas através do cruzamento das características formais dos três casos de estudo.
ABSTRACT: Fashion Illustration, since created, has been considered both an advertising medium for creations of design and an historical record of the costume, using several different techniques from painting to photography, including digital design. Currently Fashion Illustration encompasses the intersection of different techniques, creating a greater value in the final piece. This Theoretical Practical Research Project, aims to develop an exploratory study of the intersection of great names in the History of Painting, convened to the Illustration of Contemporary Fashion. As case studies, the formal work of three artists was addressed - Alphonse Much, Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele -, and formerly used to illustrate the work of three contemporary fashion designers: Givenchy, Balmain and Ann Demeulemeester. The Project begins with the search and review of theoretical knowledge of the life and work of the artists under study, so that later, using this base, it is possible to reflect this knowledge in practice of illustrative experiences. The practical exploration of this Dissertation is organized in three moments, each resulting in a series of distinct illustrations. At first each illustration will be drawn under the influence of a painter only; in the second moment, each the illustration will be based on the characteristics of the work of two distinguished painters; while the third and final part, will result in a set of figures obtained by crossing the formal characteristics of the three case studies.
Rodriguez, Moreno Paulina del Carmen. "Intégration de considérations environnementales dans la phase conceptuelle du processus de conception de nouveaux produits." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0016/document.
Full textThe thesis contributes to a better understanding of the eco-design process of products, especially in the integration of environmental considerations in the early phases of the design process. Focused on the conceptual phase, the main motivation of this work is to intervene when the decisions of the designer have the greatest environmental influence. Indeed, many authors agree that the early stages of the design process can prevent up to 80% of environmental impacts. However, there are also many obstacles to the integration of environmental considerations, especially for a new product. The obstacles are highlighted through two types of locks. First, methodological locks encountered mainly at the conceptual stage. Secondly, operational locks are related with the lack of environmental knowledge of the designer. To solve the problems, we propose the creation of links between the life-cycle assessment (LCA), method that includes environmental knowledge, and functional analysis (FA), method well known by the designer early in the design process. These links have resulted in a collaborative eco-design process that is partly supported by the creation of the EcoAF method. Eco AF integrates life cycle concept of LCA when performing AF. It makes it possible to guide the designer in the integration of environmental considerations in creating a product with a balanced environmental performance throughout the life cycle
Restrepo, Tomas. "Intégration d'outils CSCW en développement de produits : les mécanismes d'explicitation participative des besoins et d'accrochage comme vecteurs d'apprentissage." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002140.
Full textGuégan, Victor. "Jan Tschichold et les nouveaux typographes en Allemagne et en Suisse. Explications de textes (1925-1972)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040076.
Full textJan Tschichold (1902-1974), typographer and theorist of typography, is famous for the break that divides its work into two apparently irreconcilable corpora in the traditional categories of art history: modernism and traditionalism. In the 1920s, he is in Germany, one of the “New Typography” advocates, avant-garde design discipline particularly influenced by the Bauhaus. After immigrating to Switzerland (after the Nazis came to power), he became from the late 1930s, a scholar of the history of printing, replacing the traditional form of the book at the center of its concerns. How to explain this failure? We propose to answer this question by offsetting our view of Tschichold design work to focus on practices of reading and writing. This allows considering its work like a professional forced to adapt a craft to mechanization and automation, stepping out with the legend of the avant-gardist artist who is propagated by many books on the history of graphic design. By superimposing on the conceptual tools of art history, the analysis grids of the historians of book and printing, of the industrial revolution or the tolls of sociologists, we try to bring new elements of understanding, not only for Tschicholds career, but also the “artistic” movement of the New Typography. More generally, our work questions the notions of “typography” and "typographer" and the relationship between typography, graphic and advertising design, painting, photography and architecture in the twentieth century
Hernández, Jessica. "Design et synthèse de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la résistance bactérienne ciblant la pompe d'efflux AcrAB-ToIC chez Enterobacter aerogenes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5508.
Full textOverexpression of Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) efflux pumps (EP) is a major contributor in multidrug resistance (MDR) and pathogenicity in Gram-negative bacteria. These transporters are able to expel out of the bacterial cell clinically important antibiotic classes, contributing in a significant manner to the treatment failure of infectious diseases. With the worrying levels of bacterial resistance reported worldwide and the continuous spreading of MDR pathogens, EPs are interesting targets for the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, to overcome this mechanism, efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) are being developed as adjuvants in order to restore or improve the activity of usual antibiotics. The AcrAB-TolC archetype is particularly widespread in Enterobacter spp. presenting clinical relevance (ESKAPE pathogens). In this study, we described the drug design strategy based on fluoroquinolone antibiotic analogs, against the AcrB pump of E. aerogenes. Thus, synthesis and microbiological evaluation of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were performed. The structural and molecular properties of the tested compounds (i. e. rigidity and flexibility) were also investigated. In this purpose, a scaffold hopping of the quinazolinone core to homologous benzoquinazolinones and precursors benzamides were carried out. Several molecules increased the bacterial susceptibility towards norfloxacin and chloramphenicol. The obtained results, supported by molecular modeling, suggest that molecular flexibility and the nature of chemical functions play a critical role to improve activity and selectivity on fluoroquinolone potentiation targeting AcrB efflux pump
Terrab, Imane. "Dispositifs de Social Software et nouveaux régimes de collaboration : nature technique des outils, discours et modalités collaboratives." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED050/document.
Full textFor the last decade, Web 2.0 tools have entered the corporate sphere and are considered as part of a major technical and managerial shift. However, there is still a lack of theoretical framework to define the collaborative regimes that the new objects of Social Software carry. In this dissertation, we explore the dimensions through which Social Software objects offer a renewal of collaborative regimes. First, we highlight the technical and paradigmatic evolutions between Groupware and Social Software. Then we carry an empirical exploration of the field of Social Software, by analyzing publishers' commercial discourse and presenting four devices that we describe through the taxonomical frameworks of Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Enterprise 2.0. This analysis is supplemented by the modelization of the four devices' evolution paths, relying on a conceptual framework that focuses on the technical object. Finally, we suggest a novel framework to define the collaboration regimes proposed by Social Software devices. This research leads us to further discuss the links between technology and the management of collaboration
Rialle, Stéphanie. "Méthodologie et outils bioinformatiques d'aide à la conception de systèmes biologiques synthétiques pour de nouveaux diagnostics en santé humaine." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20091/document.
Full textSynthetic biology is a growing discipline which aims to design and construct biological systems with functions that do not exist in nature. It is based on engineering principles to rationalize the design such systems. The CompuBioTic project aims at the development of a new system for the diagnosis of the colorectal cancer, based on a synthetic biology approach. A strategic choice has been done and consists in wanting to develop a non-living system, which does not require a host cell and which is based on the use of protein rather than genetic networks. Very few methodologies and tools have been developed to facilitate the design of such systems. This thesis proposes a methodology in three steps: design, simulation and experimental validation, as well as two bioinformatics tools, developed to assist the design of synthetic biochemical networks. Firstly, CompuBioTicDB is a database that registers and annotates functional devices and molecules carrying processes (proteins and small molecules) that can be exploited in a context of synthetic biology. Secondly, BioNetCAD is a tool for designing a biochemical network composed of real molecules from an abstract network. BioNetCAD also facilitates spatiotemporal simulation of the designed system with a link to the HSim software. Molecular logic gates and a device for detecting glucose have been designed, modeled and then validated experimentally. The principles of a system for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer are also proposed
Gentner, Alexandre. "Définition et représentation d'intentions liées à l'expérience d'utilisation en phase amont du processus de conception de produit." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0011/document.
Full textIn the industrial context, users' experience with products recently became a major differentiation factor between competitors and can greatly influence the success of a product. In parallel, the interest from the design research community about this topic is also growing. This research intends to contribute to both contexts by investigating the definition and representation of user experience intentions. When defining the theoretical background of this research a link will be created between the complementary notions of user experience and kansei process. Based on this original field of study, this dissertation will discuss design activities undertaken by design teams in order to nourish the much wider industrial design process.With the five experiments that will be presented in this dissertation, I will explore the creation of tools and methodologies centred on potential users' kansei process and supporting the creation of intentions related to the user experience of products to be designed. I will also investigate how the nature of the resulting early representations can impact reciprocal understanding within multi-cultural design teams, and finally how the developed approach (Kansei Design approach) can impact different typologies of new concept development projects.In terms of academic contributions, this research enabled to model the exchange of kansei-related design information among design-teams and highlighted the added value of multi-sensory early representations resulting from experience-centred design activities. Regarding industrial contributions, the different experiments made it possible to characterise the Kansei Design approach in terms of tools, methodologies, and early representations. Moreover a link was established between the different characteristics of this approach and three typologies of new experience-centred concept development projects leading to different products development projects
Pham, Thanh Nhat. "Recherche de nouveaux inhibiteurs d'arginase, d'origine naturelle et hémisynthétique, inspirés de l'acide chlorogénique et du picéatannol." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA3010/document.
Full textInhibition of the enzyme arginase has been shown its evidences for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in several pathologies. Some arginase inhibitors are currently being marketed (nor-NOHA, ABH and BEC) but despite their potency, they are incompatible with an oral administration. Research of new arginase inhibitors remains a challenge for the development of drug candidates. Natural source and semisynthetic compounds, in particular, still remain widely unexplored avenues.Firstly focusing on development of a reliable and reproducible in vitro assay for evaluation of arginase inhibitory capacity of molecules, we optimized a previously published protocol, which resulted in a colorimetric, miniaturized and partially automated assay by using a commercial mammalian arginase, purified bovine liver arginase (b-ARG I). This test was validated by evaluating the reference inhibitors (IC50: nor-NOHA 1.7 µM / BEC 3.3 µM). Then we used it for the biological evaluation of a series of natural polyphenols. The most active compounds were chlorogenic acid (caffeoylquinic acid / IC50 10.6 µM) and piceatannol (stilbene / IC50 12.1 µM). Enzyme kinetic studies showed that the inhibition mechanism of these two polyphenols was reversible and competitive, whereas molecular docking studies demonstrated the importance of caffeic moiety for the inhibitory activity. We then continued on synthesis and biological evaluation of semisynthetic derivatives, which were inspired by natural arginase inhibitors. Nineteen cinnamide derivatives and a series of five ester compounds were prepared. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) have shown the important role of catechol group for arginase inhibitory activity of these molecules. The compound (E)-N-(2-phenylethyl)-3,4-dihydroxycinnamide or "caffeic acid phenyl amide" (CAPA) showed the best activity (IC50 6.9 µM). This compound was characterisized as a reversible and competitive inhibitor of arginase by enzyme kinetics. Docking studies suggested several interactions between catechol function of CAPA with crucial residues of the arginase active site and manganese ions. The preparation of stilbene derivatives was not successful during this work. However thanks to collaborations, two natural stilbenoid glucosides (astringin and piceid), as well as a series of synthetic stilbenoid derivatives were evaluated for their arginase inhibition. Nevertheless, none of these stilbenoids has revealed an interesting activity.Finally, our thesis project showed potential arginase inhibitory activity of two natural compounds, chlorogenic acid and piceatannol, as well as a semisynthetic cinnamide derivative (CAPA). Considering their structures, these molecules have the presence of 3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl (caffeoyl) moiety in common, revealing the importance of this moiety for the design of new arginase inhibitors. The results obtained from in silico and in vitro studies on bovine arginase (b-ARG I) should be confirmed on human arginase assay, before being evaluated in in vivo models for the druggable candidates
Arnould, Christine. "Pour une meilleure prise en compte de l'ergonomie et du design dans les processus de développement de produits." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL106N.
Full textCasasus, Serge. "De nouveaux artefacts pour la gestion des compétences : l'émergence de "la cartographique"." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1224/document.
Full textSkills are complex management objects which are essential to define employers’ needs and draw one’s profile and wishes. Aggregated in positions, jobs, professions, they form a transactional framework in a space of abstract artefacts and their links. This thesis aims to assert the centrality of a mapping device by examining: the benefits of a clearing of this space, especially trough digital transformation; the indispensable support of technological artefacts to help a person or a group, to identify, decide, evolve in this space; the role of cartographer to be taken by the human resources function. The research is based on a professional career in the field of human resources and methodologically, crosses needs around the notion of competence with the contributions of modern cartography (GIS, geomatics, data visualisation). It leads to a synthesis by the design of a SaaS platform demonstrator, and a cartographic methodology for abstract space
Riva, Clemence. "Application de la démarche de drug-design pour la conception de nouveaux médicaments vétérinaires contre le parasite Varroa destructor (Acari ˸ Varroidae)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC420/document.
Full textThe mite Varroa destructor is one of the main contributors to the collapse of honey bee colonies Apis mellifera. The therapeutic arsenal available against this ubiquitous parasite appears insufficient to date. In this thesis, the drug design approach, generally used in human health, was applied to the development of new varroacide veterinary drugs.The works of this thesis focused on two nervous system targets: acetylcholinesterase and octopamine receptors. These two targets have already shown their varroacide interest, especially through drugs containing coumaphos or amitraz. Regarding acetylcholinesterase, a screening made on the 3D model of the enzyme, built by sequence homology, allowed to identify two compounds from the CERMN compound library. We also explored the varroacide potential of carbamate acaricides, demonstrating the interest of pirimicarb as a varroacide. Regarding octopamine, the study of four derivatives of amitraz has shown the interest of one of them. Structural similarity screening with this derivative highlighted one hit from the CERMN compound library. All molecules pointed out by these thesis works show good results during in vitro or in vivo tests. However, to minimize the risk to honey bees and maximize their anti-varroa efficiency, these leads need to be optimized before being added to the arsenal of varroacide drugs
Brisou, Anna. "Synthèse d'oxydes mixtes par sol-gel non hydrolytique : vers le design de nouveaux catalyseurs adaptés à la conversion de composés biosourcés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN012/document.
Full textThe design of new heterogeneous catalysts with good hydrothermal stability that are able to transform bio-based components into building blocks in one single catalytic process is a main challenge in material science.In this context, binary and ternary mixed oxides of silica doped with W, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta et Mg (3 to 20%at.) have been produced with the non-conventional Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel (NHSG) synthesis method. This method enables to obtain highly homogeneous mixed oxides and to finely shape the properties of the material with the synthesis parameters.The solids are mostly amorphous and mesoporous. TEM-EDS, FTIR and ToF-SIMS analysis indicate that the doping elements are highly dispersed in the silica and that most of the mixed oxides display nanometric or atomic scale homogeneity.The NH3 and CO bases show the presence of mostly Lewis weak and medium strength acid sites for these materials. The acid sites density can be improved through: increasing mixed oxide homogeneity, preparing ternary mixed oxides, increasing doping element content.The conversion of the mixture cyclopentanol/cyclohexanone in the gas phase shows that the majority of the materials perform both dehydration and hydrogen transfer reactions (MPVO reduction).After steaming at 400°C, the solids maintain good textures, particularly ternary mixed oxides and mixed oxides containing high dopant content.This study shows the versatility of the NHSG synthesis method and its applicability in order to design binary and ternary mixed oxides. The ternary mixed oxides containing 20%at. of doping elements with Nb, Zr and Ta are promising for the conversion of bio-based compounds
Faria, Marília. "Culture et design : application de l'interculturalité à l'évaluation et à la conception de produits dans un environnement globalisé." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1327.
Full textVragniau, Charles. "Modification des dodécaèdres bases de l'adénovirus de sérotype 3 : design et caractérisation d'un nouveau vecteur multi-épitopique polyvalent." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV061/document.
Full textSome human adenoviruses (HAdV) such as adenovirus derived from serotype 3 (belonging to subgroup B) are able to form virus-like particles composed of the two proteins involved in viral entry: the penton base and the fiber (= penton). Indeed, 12 pentons are able to self-assemble in a symmetrical manner to form penton dodecahedron (PtDd). In the present work, we modified and characterized the base dodecahedron (BsDd = PtDd without fiber) of HAdV3 in order to create a versatile multi-epitopic platform named ADDomer (ADenovirus Dodecamer). We have created a genetic platform allowing easy insertion of epitope(s) of interest (s) thanks to synthetic biology. The insertion of sequences encoding a peptide of interest in the ADDomer gene enable a multivalent exposure at the surface of the VLP due to the pentamerization then to the dodecamerization of the penton base. ADDomer has been produced and characterized to assess its ability to vectorize linear or structurally complex epitopes. We then designed a second vectorization strategy, still based on the ADDomer, but using the interaction penton base / fibre. A peptide mimicking the part of the Ad3 fiber interacting with the penton base (the 20 N-terminal residues) has been designed to serve as an adaptor forming covalent bonds with the ADDomer.The behavior of the ADDomer in vivo has been studied in a vaccine context. For this, we injected the ADDomer in mice to validate its transport to the lymphatic system. We have also demonstrated that ADDomer is able to internalize monocytes and dendritic cells derived from monocytes (MoDC) and induces the specific characters of MoDC maturation. Based on these results, we generated an ADDomer vectorizing an epitope of the Chikungunya virus (ADDomer TevChik) described to be the target of neutralizing antibodies of patients who have been infected by this virus. To conclude this in vivo study, we assessed the ability of ADDomer TevChik to induce the anti-epitopic response and thus demonstrated that the way the epitope is displayed on the surface of the ADDomer was important to obtain a meaningful response
Robin, Julien. "Cristallochimie de nouveaux polymères de coordination chiraux poreux à corps central fluorène pour la séparation et la catalyse énantiosélective : synthèses, structures cristallines et réactivité." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S164/document.
Full textThis work deals with crystallochemistry of new porous coordination polymers or Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for enantioselective separation and catalysis. Chiral molecules are of a key role in molecular recognition as a consequence the ability to synthesize only one enantiomer or to separate a mixture is priority for chemistry. The particularity of coordination polymers to possess an organic part gives the possibility to introduce chiral fragments in the material structure. We decided to introduce chirality on MOFs by using originals chiral carboxylates ligands with fluorene core. The first chapter is devoted to the bibliographic study of porous coordination polymers. The second chapter describes the ligands synthesis strategy and characterizations. The next three chapters group the crystal structures and physicochemical characterizations of coordination polymers according to the metal used for their preparation (Zn, Cd et Cu). These three chapters explore also the general issues related to MOFs as the loss of porosity consequent to frameworks interpenetration, and strategies implemented to circumvent, such as increasing the size and functionality of the ligands used. Finally the thermal and chemical reactivity of MOFS has been investigated by powder X rays diffraction in order to understand reactions mechanisms and eventually the creation of acid sites for catalytic applications. The experimental technics are detailed in the last chapter. Finally a summary of this work closes this thesis showing the future perspectives of this work