Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nouveau variant'
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Fages, Marie-Philippe Bertagnoli Stéphane. "Identification d'un nouveau variant apathogène du virus de la maladie hémorragique virale du lapin (RHDV)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/1755/1/debouch_1755.pdf.
Full textGirard-Bock, Camille. "Un nouveau variant rare entrainant la modification post-traductionnelle de l'enzyme UGT2B7 et affectant son activité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27398.
Full textThe UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily consists of glycoproteins resident of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes that undergo post-translational modifications (PTM). UGT2B7 is of particular interest because of its action on a wide variety of drugs. Most studies currently survey common variants and are only examining a small fraction of the genetic diversity. However, rare variants (frequency < 1%) might have significant effect as they are predicted to greatly outnumber common variants in the human genome. Here, we discovered a rare single nucleotide UGT2B7 variant of potential pharmacogenetic relevance that encodes a nonconservative amino acid substitution at codon 121. This low-frequency variation, found in two individuals of a population of 305 healthy volunteers, leads to the translation of an asparagine (Asn) instead of an aspartic acid (Asp) (UGT2B7 p.D121N). This amino acid change was predicted to create a putative N-glycosylation motif NX(S/T) subsequently validated upon endoglycosidase H treatment of microsomal fractions and inhibition of N-glycosylation of endogenously produced UGT2B7 with tunicamycin from HEK293 cells. The presence of an additional N-linked glycan on the UGT2B7 enzyme, likely affecting proper protein folding, resulted in a significant decrease, respectively by 49 and 40%, in the formation of zidovudine and mycophenolic acid glucuronides. A systematic survey of the dbSNP database uncovered 32 rare and naturally occurring missense variations predicted to create or disrupt N-glycosylation sequence motifs in the other UGT2B enzymes. Collectively, these variants have the potential to increase the proportion of variance explained in the UGT pathway due to changes in PTM such as N-linked glycosylation with consequences on drug metabolism.
Guilbaud, Patrice Billaudel Sylviane. "Encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine et nouveau variant de la maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob ; la crise de la vache folle médias et psychose /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHguilbaud.pdf.
Full textGaray, Herrera Tomás de. "Découverte et implications dans la régulation transcriptionnelle d'un nouveau variant protéique du régulateur des intégrines et du transport des acides aminés CD98hc." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR4011.
Full textCD98hc (SLC3A2, 4F2hc) is a ubiquitous protein present in vertebrates and implicated in a wide range of processes such as tissue homeostasis, development or stress protection. It constitutes the heavy chain of a family of amino acid transporters (SLC7) and an integrin co-receptor. By regulating integrin adhesive signaling and amino acid transport, CD98hc level of expression controls cell proliferation and has a crucial role in lymphocyte clonal expansion, epithelium renewal, and tumorigenesis. The work in this thesis identifies a novel, alternative CD98hc protein variant conserved in the mammalian CD98hc locus. The transcription of this variant initiates from an alternative transcription start site located upstream of the canonical start site. We also demonstrate the promoter capacity of the ≈1000bp 5’ flanking genomic region. The combination of sequence analysis and promoter functional assays provides a wide view of the potential cis-regulatory elements governing CD98hc alternative variant and strongly suggests a different expression regulation as compared to the canonical variant. Understanding this difference will help to explain the complexity of the regulation of CD98hc expression levels and the cellular capacity to modulate them according to cellular needs and signals, both in homeostasis and disease. Additionally, sequence analysis of CD98hc alternative protein variant opens the door to a future protein functional characterization. This is the first time CD98hc alternative protein variant is identified, and it enriches the framework for the interpretation of existent and future work on CD98hc. Altogether, it contributes to understanding the complex regulation of CD98hc expression, and its effect upon cell proliferation through integrin outside-in signaling and amino acid transport in mammals
GOZWACIK, DEVRIM. "Mutagenese insertionnelle liee au virus de l'hepatite b dans la carcinogenese hepatique : decouverte d'un nouveau variant de la proteine serca1 et une nouvelle proteine mcm." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112111.
Full textSupervie, Virginie. "Modélisation de l'épidémie d'encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine en France et implications pour le consommateur : une approche par rétrocalcul." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066090.
Full textCoudereau, Clément. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d’un nouveau variant d’histone impliqué dans la sénescence des cellules humaines induite par des dommages persistants à l’ADN, et son rôle potentiel comme biomarqueur de stress lors du vieillissement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS575/document.
Full textIn mammalian cells, cellular senescence has been defined as a stress response. It is characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest, morphological transformation, a secretion of pro-inflammatory factors termed the SASP (senescence associated secretory phenotype) and the alteration of the chromatin structure. Originally, telomere loss or dysfunction was shown to trigger the onset of senescence. However, the senescence state can also result from inadequate culture conditions, oncogene induction or genotoxic stresses. Work in the lab focuses on mechanisms governing the onset and maintenance of senescence and on the search for new markers of senescence. We have recently identified chromatin modifications and epigenetic regulations during cellular senescence, such as post-translational modifications of histones and changes in the histone variants composition of nucleosomes. Mass spectrometry revealed the accumulation of a specific histone variant in DNA-damage induced senescence. This variant, H2A.J, makes up to 1% of the H2A histone content during proliferation, but reaches 20% of H2A species during deep senescence. The goal of my thesis work was to determine the function of this histone variant. We produced stable human fibroblast cell lines expressing shRNAs silencing the H2A.J gene. Microarray and RNA-sequencing analyses have shown that H2AJ-depleted fibroblasts have an altered transcriptome. In particular, such cells show a greatly delayed derepression in senescence of several SASP genes coding for some key cytokines and chemokines. This result indicates that accumulation of H2A.J in senescence is important for efficient expression of the SASP phenotype. Finally, the accumulation of senescent cells in aged tissues has often been inferred using surrogate markers (DNA damage, SA-B-Galactosidase, etc.). Our data suggest that H2AJ accumulation may be a novel in-vivo biomarker of aging for certain cell types
Tostivint, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution des gènes codant la somatostatine chez les vértébrés : mise en évidence chez les amphibiens et les dipneustes d'un nouveau variant de somatostatine muni d'un résidu proline en position deux." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES033.
Full textBlancard, Malorie. "Identification de nouveaux variants responsables d'arythmies cardiaques avec risque de mort subite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS406.pdf.
Full textCardiac sudden death is due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) degenerating into ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Life-threatening arrhythmias are mostly associated with structural heart abnormalities or ischemia. In contrast, there are patients with no ECG abnormalities at basal level, such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) or short-coupled torsades de pointes (scTdP). The first aim of my thesis was to study the genetic origin of scTdP through exome sequencing of 20 patients. This study allowed us to show the genetic heterogeneity of this pathology, but also to identify a large proportion of variants involved in the cardiac calcium regulation. Among all identified variants, we analyzed a CACNA1C loss-of-function variant inducing a reduction in current density of the L-type calcium current and an increase of its voltage-dependent inactivation. This variant, present in 0.8% of the African population, is a new risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias. Functional studies were focused on 3 RYR2 variants leading to channel hyperactivity in patients with TdPcc and the identification of a loss-of-function variant present, for the first time, at the homozygous and the heterozygous states in two families with CPVT. This last variant lead to a blunted response to adrenergic stimulation. This work provided a better understanding of the genetics of scTdP and allowed us to show the involvement in scTdP of two genes already implicated in ventricular arrhythmias, CACNA1C and RYR2. The present studies confirm that RYR2 variants are responsible for several phenotypes associated with cardiac arrhythmias leading to sudden death
Mambu, Mambueni Hendrick. "Identification de nouveaux variants rares associés à la spondyloarthrite par séquençage haut-débit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASL064.
Full textSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a multifactorial disease with an estimated heritability of over 90%, mainly related to HLA-B27. All identified susceptibility factors, including HLA-B27, explain less than one third of the heritability. The involvement of rare variants could explain part of this missing heritability. The aim of this work was to identify rare variants associated with SpA via a combined family analysis and high-throughput sequencing approach. First, we sequenced a 1.4 Mb region significantly linked to SpA at 13q13 in 71 patients and 21 healthy controls from families with a high linkage score in this region. We identified a rare variant in the FREM2 gene present in 9 patients from a family with high linkage to the region and not found in other families or isolated cases of SpA. We then sequenced the exome of 48 patients from 20 multiplex families. Unfortunately, we did not observe any recurrent variants between families. We then focused on a second, previously known genetic linkage peak on chromosome 9. The study of the family most linked to this region, which includes 12 patients, led to the identification of several rare coding variants segregating with the disease. However, subsequent studies have shown equivalent allelic frequencies of these variants between cases and controls. Finally, whole genome sequencing of 413 patients from 76 multiplex families with 4 or more patients was performed. We identified 1203 rare, coding, non-synonymous variants shared by at least all affected family members. Genetic and functional validation analyses of these variants are underway, as is the analysis of non-coding variants. In conclusion, these different approaches suggest significant genetic heterogeneity in SpA and also highlight the difficulty of confirming the involvement of rare variants in complex diseases
Jary, Aude. "Déterminants moléculaires et cliniques de l’infection par l’herpèsvirus humain 8 : facteurs impliqués dans la transmission du HHV-8 et le développement des maladies associées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS332.
Full textThe human herpesvirus 8 is an oncogenic virus involved in the development of all forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), but also in certain forms of multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) and in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). The aim of this work was to study the clinical and virological determinants in HHV-8 infection and associated with its three main diseases. Thus, in the study 1, the HHV-8 DNA viral load associated with KS was lower compared with that found in hemopathies, probably due to the pathophysiology of each disease, but other factors could also be involved. Indeed, in the study 2, the HHV-8 subtype influenced the viral load and the severity of the clinical presentation of KS. In addition, we have identified a new variant associated with severe clinical forms, reinforcing the postulate of virological determinants involved in the pathophysiology of the different diseases. Despite the era of antiretrovirals, immunity would still play an important role because in the study 1, the CD4 count was low and inversely correlated with the HHV-8 viral load in KS and MCD whereas in study 3, epidemic KSs with a sustained immunological and virological response for HIV infection were associated with a CD4 / CD8 ratio of less than 1. Finally, in the study 4, in vitro analysis of the effect of poppers on BC-3 cells chronically infected by HHV-8 has been shown to stimulate viral replication. This result suggests that poppers used in vivo could be an environmental factor favoring the transmission of HHV-8 but also the development of MK in patients with apparent normal or restored immunity
Aillaud, Chrystelle. "Modifications post-traductionnelles de la tubuline : identification des tubulines carboxypeptidases et découverte de nouveaux variants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV049.
Full textHumbert, Michel. "Un nouveau modèle de transformation de texture avec sélection des variantes : application à la transformation martensitique." Metz, 1987. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1987/Humbert.Michel.SMZ8718.pdf.
Full textIn the phase transformation of the solid state (especially the martensitic ones), the crystallographic texture of the final phase depends on the texture of the initail phase. However, the orientation relations (variants), which are observed in the transformation of the monocrystal, are in general not sufficient to predict the texture of the final phase from the texture of the initial phase. Indeed, many factors such as internal stresses, which are present before the transformation (or caused by the latter), can work towards a selection of variants. In this work we propose a model of texture transformation, which takes into account the selection of variants, by introoducing a variant selection function which describes, the effect of the "physical fields" on the transformation from the crystallographic point of view. This analytic expression, which is represented by a convolution integral, makes it possible, under certain conditions, to determine the variant selection function from the functions of the textures of the initial and final phases. So we obtained the variant selection functions from the functions of the texture of Fe3ONi sheets rolled in different conditions. This way of using the midel of transformation enables us to establish a "catalog" of variant selection functions which are associated to physical fields and this should make it possible to distinguish, by comparison, the main parameters, which rule the transformation. However, the most direct apllication of this transformation model is the prediction of the texture of the martensitic phase, the texture of the austenitic phase and the variant selection function being known. This model of transformation has also been used to test physical assumptions on the martensitic transformation of samples of rolled Fe3ONi sheets with complex textures, which are described from the crystallographic point of view by variant selection functions. The differences between the simulated texture and the experimental one constitute a test of validity of the proposed assumption. Thus we showed that for a large part of the grain population, the formed variants were those, which ensure the minimal deformation in the sheet plane. Systematical studies of morphology and dilatometry should confirm this result
Humbert, Michel. "Un Nouveau modèle de transformation de texture avec sélection des variantes application à la transformation martensitique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605996x.
Full textHumbert, Michel ESLING MICHEL. "UN NOUVEAU MODELE DE TRANSFORMATION DE TEXTURE AVEC SELECTION DES VARIANTES : APPLICATION A LA TRANSFORMATION MARTENSITIQUE /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1987. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1987/Humbert.Michel.SMZ8718.pdf.
Full textBihannic, Morgan. "Caractérisation de nouveaux variants des fimbriae F17 et association à la virulence chez des souches pathogènes d’Escherichia coli isolées chez le veau." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10316/document.
Full textThe bacterium Escherichia coli is commonly found in the normal intestinal microflora in mammals but may be responsible for diarrhea outbreaks in newborn calves. Among pathogenic E. coli in calves, necrotoxigenic strains of NTEC2 type produce adhesins of the F17 fimbriae family. These fimbriae are composed of the polymorphic pilin F17A and adhesin F17G, for which several variants are unknown. In this thesis, the two new pilin variants F17e-A and F17f-A and the new adhesin variant F17-G3 were reported. F17f-A is a mix of the pilin variants F17c-A and F17d-A and was identified on a Vir plasmid in a NTEC2 strain isolated from a diarrheic calf. F17e-A and F17-G3 were identified in E. coli strains isolated from diarrheic calves in Iran and from a bovine commensal E. coli strain respectively. To determine their association to virulence, a screening of these variants was performed on E. coli strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic calves. The genetic carriage of these variants was also determined. The F17-G3 encoding gene was exclusively carried by bacterial chromosome, notably on a pathogenicity island. The F17e-A encoding gene was chromosomally located or in association with the encoding genes of the NTEC2 typical toxins CNF2 and CDT-III on IncF plasmids that belong to a same plasmidic family. These results confirm the link between F17 fimbriae and NTEC2 strains and underline the role of plasmids in NTEC2 pathovar evolution and appearance
Raad, Sabine. "Développement de nouveaux tests fonctionnels d'aide à l'interpretation des variants de signification biologique inconnue dans le cadre de prédispositions génétiques au cancer." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR079.
Full textThe identification of the constitutional mutation responsible for a genetic predisposition to cancer is essential to the clinical management of the patient and its relatives. With the implementation of high-throughput sequencing to the diagnostic routine of these pathologies, the challenge no longer lies within the detection of alterations but in their biological and clinical interpretation. While specific treatments are emerging, simple functional assays to help with the interpretation of the detected variants are needed. In this context, we used a functional test developed by our team to classify variations in the TP53 gene responsible for Li-Fraumeni syndrome and to understand the genotype-phenotype correlation in LFS patients. On the other hand, we assessed the relevance of a multi-omic approach (RNA-Seq and metabolomics) to discriminate wild-type cells from cells with a deleterious heterozygous mutation in TP53 or in the BRCA genes implicated in genetic predisposition to breast and ovarian cancers. Based on the transcriptomic data, a mathematical model has been developed to detect variants corresponding to deleterious mutations. Then we selected the most discriminating biomarkers and integrated them into a RT-MLPA functional assay dedicated to the p53 pathway. We finally adapted this test to be feasible on a simple blood test, without immortalization of the patient's lymphocytes
Kreis, Patricia. "La kinase neuronale PAK3 :Etude des trois mutations responsables de retard mental non syndromique et mise en évidence de deux nouveaux variants d'épissage." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199812.
Full textkreis, Patricia. "La kinase neuronale PAK 3 : Etude des trois mutations reponsables de retard mental non syndronique et mise en évidence de deux nouveaux variants d'épissage." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T065.
Full textDEON, CATHERINE. "Analyse structurale de proteines par spectrometrie de masse : caracterisation de nouveaux variants d'hemoglobine humaine et localisation d'un site de phosphorylation secondaire sur la proteine fixjd54n." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30215.
Full textPerrier, Marine. "Nouveaux mécanismes alternatifs de résistance du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine aux inhibiteurs de protéase : impact des mutations dans la polyprotéine gag et dans la glycoprotéine d'enveloppe gp41." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC292.
Full textVirological failure (VF) in patients receiving protease inhibitors (PI)-based regimen is rarely associated with selection of resistance mutations in the protease region. Indeed, mechanisms of resistance of PI are more complex than previously described. Recently, alternative mechanisms showed the impact of mutations in the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein (gp41) or in the Gag polyprotein. The aim of this study is to explore, using ultra-deep sequencing technologies, novel alternative mechanisms for PI resistance. In a first part, we showed that minority resistant variants (MRV) at PI initiation have no impact on virological response to a first-line PI-based regimen containing darunavir or atazanavir. In a second part, we have shown, in the protease region, that 4 mutations (T4A and S37T; E21D and I72M mutations for HIV-1 CRF02_AG) were associated with VF of a first-line PI-based regimen. In silico protease structural analyzes have shown that these mutations generate deformations in the vicinity of the mutated residues, which may in some cases have an impact on the binding of the PI to the protease active site. In the gag region, baseline mutations G62D, N315H, and Y441S were associated with VF. In the gp41 region, baseline I270T mutation was associated with VF. At time of VF, mutations emerged in all 3 regions: I15V, I64M, K70R, P79A in protease, R286K in gag and K106R, E109D, T165S, K172R and V321I. Finally, we compared the use of three software packages for ultra-deep sequencing data analysis (AVA®, SmartGene® and Geneious®) for detection and quantification of HIV-1 MRVs. Our results argue for an optimal threshold for detection and quantification of MRV at 2%
Bonnet, Richard. "Beta-lactamases de classe a chez les enterobacteriaceae : caracterisation de variants de tem et de deux nouveaux types enzymatiques ctx-m-8 et bes-1 (doctorat : microbiologie)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF1MM12.
Full textJaber, Dana. "Identification et caractérisation d’un nouveau gène dont les mutations sont responsables d’Arthrogrypose Multiple Congénitale De Novo Mutations of SCN1Aare Responsible for Arthrogryposis Broadening the SCN1A– Related Phenotypes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL047.
Full textArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of multiple joint contractures at birth. AMC includes a large spectrum of diseases which result from variants in genes encoding components required for neuromuscular junctions, skeletal muscle, motor neurons, peripheral nerves or connective tissues. AMC may also result from central nervous involvement. Despite important progress in this field, many AMC patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Our project aimed at identifying novel genes in which variants can cause AMC. We identified pathogenic de novo dominant variants in SCN1A gene in three unrelated patients. SCN1A encodes Nav1.1 voltage-dependent sodium channel, a critical component of axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier. We showed that SCN1A is expressed in both brain and spinal cord but not in skeletal muscle at a developmental stage similar to that of AMC observation and showed that AMC is caused by brain involvement.We showed that SCN1A variants are responsible for early onset motor defect leading to AMC indicating a critical role of SCN1A in prenatal motor development and broadening the phenotypic spectrum of variants in SCN1A (Jaber et al. in press). Altogether, our data enlarge the group of AMC linked to central nervous system involvement and caused by variants of genes encoding channels such as NALCN or CACNA1E
Vedie, Benoît. "Influence de polymorphismes des apolipoproteines sur le risque cardio-vasculaire : recherche de nouveaux variants genetiques de la sterol regulatory element binding protein 1a predictifs de l'atherosclerose (doctorat : structure et fonctionnement des systemes biologiques integres)." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114843.
Full textBillaud, Amandine. "Analyse moléculaire, enjeux et limites des thérapies ciblées en oncologie : extension des sensibilités aux anti-PARP dans les cancers ovariens par caractérisation de variants non annotés et nouveaux mécanismes de résistance dans les cancers bronchiques. Caractérisation moléculaire de l’EGFR dans les cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules : étude prospective comparative des technologies NGS et automate Idylla Somatic mRNA analysis of BRCA1 splice variants provides a direct theranostic impact on PARP inhibitors." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0003.
Full textDespite significant clinical benefit from the consideration of molecular context, targeted therapies are still challenging. First part of this work focused on tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR in non small cell lung cancers. Thus, improvement of biomarkers detection methods was completed by in vitro characterization of an unreported mechanism of acquired resistance. Briefly, pulmonary cells were exposed to a mutagen agent and a selection pressure was applied with EGFR inhibitors allowing the detection of TBK1 signature. Finally, synergic effect of that co-inhibition was highlighted. Now essentials in gynaecological cancers management, PARP inhibitors represent the second part of that work. Those targeted therapies are based on synthetic lethality. Consequently, BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations are required for their administration, illustrating the issue of variants of uncertain significance. Toward their functional characterization necessity, a transcriptional analysis of splicing variant was first conducted on mRNA extracted from FFPE samples. Then, to evaluate functional signification of all types of variants, genomic edition was developed. Editing efficiencies of the unknown variant and a silent control one were compared in a haploid model where those genes are essentials. Functional signification of BRCA1/2 variants, and thereby mutations from all essential tumor suppressor genes in our model, can be evaluated in three weeks which is compatible with clinical management
Azuama, Onyedikachi Cecil. "Recherche de nouveaux actifs d'origine végétale contre le pathogène opportuniste de l'homme Pseudomonas aeruginosa Battling Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence with natural plant bioactive compounds Membrane-interactive compounds from Pistacia lentiscus L. thwart Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence Tackling Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by mulinane-like diterpenoids from Azorella atacamensis Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence attenuation by extracts of Parastrephia terestiuscula, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family from the Atacama Desert area The absence of SigX results in impaired carbon metabolism and membrane fluidity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activation of the Cell Wall stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected by a Pf4 Phage Variant The temperature-regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cmaX-cfrX-cmp-X operon reveals an intriguing molecular network involving the Sigma factors AlgU and SigX." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR077.
Full textAntimicrobial resistance has become a great challenge in therapeutic medicine so much so that the World health organization forecasts the possibility of a post-antibiotic era where minor injuries may lead to mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the list of organisms that are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics, partly due to its broad genome, which facilitates the elaboration of virulence determinants and rapid adaptation to various environments, in addition to its inherent resistance mechanisms. In view of this, alternative measures of controlling microbial virulence activities using novel approaches that do not disturb its growth and viability, also known as anti-virulence strategy, are gaining wider attention. Since plants are repositories of several metabolites with chemical defense system against environmental pathogens, through ethnobotanical led studies, the effect of Pistacia lentiscus fruit extracts originating from Algeria and forty plant extracts originating from North-Chile were biologically and chemically evaluated with the aim of deciphering their anti-virulence effects against P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, this study tried to gain more insight into the bioactive compounds and possible mechanism of action. From the results obtained, selected plant extracts attenuated P. aeruginosa mainly pyocyanin activity and /or elastase and rhamnolipids virulence production which appears to be associated with the inhibition of quorum sensing activities and the alteration in membrane activities. The anti-virulence effect of the selected extracts (P. lentiscus, Azorella atacamensis, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus and Parastrephia terestiucula) were also validated in biological models of infections where they mediated the toxicity of P. aeruginosa towards A549 human monolayer cells and/or Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. Interestingly, growth of the pathogen was not affected. Further chemical profiling of P. Lentiscus, and A atacamensis extracts revealed the presence of gingkolic acid and azorellane/mulinane diterpenoids as the putative bioactive compounds. Future studies intend to explore these extracts and their derived compounds on the potentiation of antibiotic activity in a panel of clinical strains. In general, this study sets the pace for the possible use of these plant extracts as adjuvants in treatment of P. aeruginosa infections
Roy, Anne-Marie. "DNMT3A P904L : un nouveau variant dans la tumeur de Wilms." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23641.
Full textWilms tumours are the most common kidney tumour in children. As of now, almost 80 % to 90 % of the patients survive but there is still some who do not respond. This project objective is to study the novel mutation P904L in the DNMT3A gene discovered in a relapse Wilms tumour’s patient. The impact of this variant is unknown, but mutations in DNMT3A are frequently found in cancer. The context of the mutation in the patient and the recurrence of this mutation in other cancers and syndrome make us believe that it is affecting the function of the DNMT3A protein. Loss of function and some mutations of DNMT3A are known to affect crucial characteristics of cancers such as differentiation and immortalization. It is also known that Wilms tumours are made of undifferentiated or embryonic looking cells. We supposed that the impact of the mutation on DNMT3A protein contribute to the development of the tumour. To prove that this new mutation is affecting the protein and the development of the tumour, we used both functional assays and next generation sequencing technologies. Because DNMT3A is a gene affecting the methylation of the DNA and thus regulating gene expression, we used expression profile to assess the impact of the mutation on the enzyme DNMT3A. We demonstrate that the new mutation P904L causes a loss of function of the DNMT3A protein. This mutation affects the self-renew and the migration of the cells. Moreover, it modulates the response to drugs. We also found that the mutation modulates the gene expression in the cell line and this modulation is coherent with the expression pattern of the patient. In conclusion, we suggest three mechanisms by which this new mutant contributes to the development and progression of Wilms tumours. We also show that there is a need to further our knowledge of this tumour in order to propose new therapeutics options to non-responsive patient.
Masse, Vincent. "Sublimés des Nouveaux Mondes – Évocation des lieux de l'expansion européenne dans les imprimés français, des origines à 1560." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19202.
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