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1
Agajie, Berhanu Asaye. "THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF AWGNI NOUN PHRASES." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v15i2.9079.
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The objective of this study is to examine the syntactic structure of Awgni Noun Phrases. The assumption of Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} is holding on, and a descriptive research design was employed to explore the intended objective. Data for this research were enriched by interviewing 12 native speakers of Awgni specializing in the proposed language. Through expert samplings, 20 Noun Phrases were selected and illustrated. Results showed that the Noun Phrases in Awgni could be formed out of the head Nouns all along through other lexical categories reminiscent of the Noun Phrases, Adjective Phrases, Verb Phrases, Determiner Phrases, and Adverb Phrases. These grammatical items were serving as dependents to the head Nouns. The head Nouns in Awgni are for all time right-headed. These heads are the only obligatory constituents, while the Phrasal categories are optional elements which could be either modifiers or complements to the head Nouns. In this regard, Labeling Algorithm explicitly chooses the contiguous Noun heads that are the label of the complete Syntactic Objects (SOs) anticipated for all Noun Phrase structures.
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Khamim, Muhamad. "IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS AND PHRASE EXPRESSIONS IN ”DIARY OF A WIMPY KID: THE LONG HAUL” FILM BY DAVID BOWERS." INFERENCE: Journal of English Language Teaching 5, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/inference.v5i2.8703.
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<p>The aim of the research to find and classify types of Idiomatic Expressions and Phrase Expressions in “Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul” Film by David Bowers. In this research the researcher used qualitative approach, like analyze descriptive narration, a dialog or conversation. Meanwhile, for technique data research by content analysis research. The researcher used Lim’s theory to classify idiomatic expressions. In Lim’s theory there are 6 types of idioms, such as: idioms with phrasal verb, idioms with prepositional phrase, idioms with verbs as keyword, idioms with nouns as keyword, idioms with adjective as keyword, and idiomatic pairs. The result of this research showed that the film used 60 idiom expressions to express their feeling and thought. The researcher found 21 Phrasal Verbs, 19 Verb as Keywords, 8 Adjective as Keywords, 6 Noun as Keywords, 3 Prepositional Phrases and 3 Idiomatic pairs. The researcher used Ba’dulu’s theory to examine phrase expressions. In Ba’dulu’s theory there are 5 types of phrase, such as: noun phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, and adverb phrase. The result of this research showed that the film used 157 phrases. The researcher found 56 Noun Phrases, 48 Verb Phrases, 23 Prepositional Phrases, 18 Verb Phrases and 12 Adverb Phrases.</p><div> </div>
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Simanjuntak, Herlina Lindaria. "THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH NOUN PHRASE INTO INDONESIAN." Scope : Journal of English Language Teaching 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/scope.v4i2.6507.
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<p>Many Indonesian’s students face the difficulties in translating English noun phrase into Indonesian. English and Indonesia have different structure. Meanwhile, one of the important elements in building a sentence is noun phrase. English noun phrases have some possibilities of translation result from the source language (SL) into the target lagnuage, Indonesian (TL). Hence, the researcher does the research which is entitled The Translation of English Noun Phrase Into Idonesian. The aims of this research are to find out the translations of English noun phrases into Indonesian. This research uses qualitative method. The source of data is “Sidney Sheldon's Memory of Midnight” and its translated version, “Padang Bayang Kelabu”, by Budijanto T. Pramono. The result of this research shows that there are four categories of translating English noun phrases into Indonesian, namely English noun phrases translated using the word yang, Plural English noun phrases translated into singular, English noun phrases translated using the word, and Elnglish noun phrases which are not translated literally. The conclusion of this research also shows that the change in the form and orders of the nouns phrases which is a noun as the head and also the sequence of modifiers, meanwhile without changing its meanings.</p><p> </p>
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KOEVA, SVETLA. "СЪС ИЛИ БЕЗ ПРЕДЛОЗИ: КОЕ Е ВЯРНОТО / WITH OR WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS: WHICH IS TRUE." Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, PR (September 10, 2021): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.pr.17.
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The article focuses on the competition between noun phrases in which the head noun is modified by either a relative adjective, noun qualitative modifier or a prepositional phrase. Several tests are proposed to distinguish between phrases with noun qualitative modifier and compounds consisting of two nouns. The type of the prepositions that occur in the prepositional phrases is characterised, and the conclusion is drown that the semantic dependency in the three competing structures is the same, although it is overtly expressed only through the prepositions. Keywords: noun qualitative modifier, syntactic alternations with prepositional phrases, identification of compounds, Bulgarian language
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Preda, Alina. "Modification versus Complementation in the Structure of English Noun Phrases." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 66, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2021.2.17.
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"Modification versus Complementation in the Structure of English Noun Phrases. Apart from its head, the core element around which all the other phrasal constituents cluster, the noun phrase may contain dependent elements effecting determination (which poses few taxonomical issues), modification or complementation (two functions notoriously difficult to demarcate). This article outlines the inconsistent ways in which reference grammars make the distinction between modification and complementation in the structure of English noun phrases, and offers a more unified approach aimed to solve the terminological quandary. Keywords: complementation, modification, premodifier, postmodifier, complement, the noun phrase "
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Kusumawardhani, Paramita, and Ani Rakhmanita. "A Syntactic Analysis of Noun Phrase through “Hansel and Gretel” Short Story To 1st Semester of Accounting Students at University of Bina Sarana Informatika." International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics (IJEAL) 2, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/ijeal.v2i2.1501.
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Languages all over the world have their own grammar for constructing words and their components. The aim of the research is to recognize, classify and analyze noun phrases by reading Hansel and Gretel short story. A noun phrase is a part of the syntax. The syntax is a part of Linguistics. It has meaningful elements together to form words, words together to form phrases, phrases together to form clauses, clauses together to form sentences, and sentences together to form texts. Noun phrase has some aspects; they are identifier, adjective, noun modifier, quantifier, preposition phrase, participle clause, conjunctions, and indefinite clause. Hansel and Gretel short story was used as the research instrument about noun phrases. The method used to do the research was descriptive qualitative. The participants of this research are the 1st semester of accounting students at the University of Bina Sarana Informatika. The results of this research are: there are 25 noun phrases, 16 noun phrases are about rules 1, determiner + headword, meanwhile 9 other noun phrases are about common noun phrase, found in Hansel and Gretel short story.
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Nurdiansyah, Egi, and Intan Satriani. "NOUN PHRASE ANALYSIS OF MAGAZINE ARTICLE “VIDEO GAMES … ARE GOOD FOR YOU?” BY GABRIEL J. ADAMS." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 4, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v4i1.p91-99.
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Understanding the text is one of the objectives of English study. Before understanding the complex sentence the basic skill that student need to master is to understand the phrases of each sentence. This article objectives are to give more understanding about noun phrases in magazine article to help student easy to understand the basic of English especially phrase. The reason writer choose noun phrase is the most commonly used phrase in the sentence is the noun phrase and the writer want to make the reader familiar with noun phrase. This article will analyze the magazine article with 22 sentences and also contains 66 noun phrases in it. Which the writer will determine the modifier every noun phrase in it. Therefore, mastering phrases is a key to become a fluent speaker of English. Keywords: Noun Phrases, Magazine Article
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Putri, Zenabela Amalia. "NOUN PHRASES IN TOURISM SLOGANS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES." LINGUA LITERA : journal of english linguistics and literature 3, no. 1 (June 2, 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55345/stba1.v3i1.10.
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The aims of the research are to find out the structure of noun phrases and to analyze the textual functions of noun phrases in tourism slogans of Asian Countries. The writer was interested in noun phrase because it is used to promote the product. To promote the product, advertising language uses slogan. Furthermore, the method and the technique used in this thesis were qualitative method and referential technique. Meanwhile, for the process of analyzing data the distributional method was used. The writer applied the theory of Robert (2006), Leech and Svantik (1975), Jacobs and Resebaum (1968) to find out the structures of noun phrase, and theory of Matheson (2005) to find out the textual functions. Based on the analysis there were several textual functions found. The first was to emphasize the noun phrase in order to attract people to visit the country. The second was to make people think, feel and believe in the situation based on the pictures of the slogans. Thus, the writer hopes the readers gain more knowledge and understanding about noun phrases especially noun phrasesin tourism slogans.
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Dryer, Matthew S. "Noun phrases without nouns." Functions of Language 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2004): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.11.1.04dry.
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In this paper, I investigate the theoretical status of noun phrases without nouns, i.e. noun phrases that do not contain a noun or pronoun, but only words that otherwise occur as modifiers of nouns. I investigate six possible analyses for such noun phrases: (1) that they are elliptical, (2) that the apparent modifiers are nouns, (3) that the apparent modifiers are heads, (4) that the determiner is the head, (5) that they are headless, (6) that all noun phrases are headless. Although the answers vary depending on the language investigated, I argue that the last hypothesis is generally the most plausible one.
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Chaudron, Craig, and Kate Parker. "Discourse Markedness and Structural Markedness." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 12, no. 1 (March 1990): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100008731.
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This study investigates second language acquisition of English noun phrases in discourse, examining the effect of discourse markedness and structural markedness on the development of noun phrase use. English L2 noun phrase forms are examined within three universal discourse contexts: current, known, and new reference to topics. The targeted noun phrases forms include ø anaphora, pronouns and nouns with markers of definiteness and indefiniteness, including left dislocation and existential phrases. Based on expectedness within discourse, the least marked discourse context is reference to a current topic, and the most marked context is the introduction of a new referent as topic. Based on formal complexity, ø anaphora is the least marked structural form, and left-dislocated and existential noun phrases are the most marked. Free production and elicited imitation recall tasks, involving picture sequences that manipulated the three discourse contexts, were used to test Japanese learners' acquisition of noun phrase forms. They were evaluated by comparison with NS production. The results support predictions that L2 learners distinguish between discourse contexts, acquiring more targetlike forms in the least marked context first, and that they acquire the least marked structural forms earlier than the more marked ones.
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Otgonsuren, Tseden. "Case Markers in Mongolian: A Means for Encoding Null Constituents in Noun Phrase and Relative Clause." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.1p.17.
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This paper focuses on the capacity of the case markers in the Mongolian language, as a relative element, to generate any finite noun phrase or relative clause based on their syntactic function or relationship. In Mongolian, there are two different approaches to generate noun phrases: parataxis and hypotaxis. According to my early observation, if the noun phrase generated through the parataxis, is the complement of the postpositional phrase, the head word of the relevant noun phrase can be truncated. In other words, since this head noun is governed by case marker in its null form to generate the postpositional phrase, the head noun can be encoded. The second approach generates two different types of noun phrases in their structures: free structured and non-free structured noun phrases. Of them, the free structured noun phrase allows any syntactic transformations in their internal structure based on the senses of the case markers which denote a relation. That is to say, the null constituents in this type of noun phrases can be encoded to generate an extended alternative of the noun phrase and a relative clause.
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Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen, and Rint Sybesma. "Bare and Not-So-Bare Nouns and the Structure of NP." Linguistic Inquiry 30, no. 4 (October 1999): 509–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438999554192.
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This article examines the distribution and interpretational variability of bare nouns and [classifier+noun] phrases in Cantonese and Mandarin. We argue that bare nouns are never bare in structure and that [classifier+noun] phrases may have more structure than just Classifier Phrase. We show that the lack of articles and number morphology in Cantonese/Mandarin leads to many interesting differences between Chinese-type languages and English-/Italian-type languages.
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Septiana, Dwiani. "STRUKTUR DAN MAKNA FRASA NOMINAL DALAM BAHASA MAANYAN." TELAGA BAHASA 5, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36843/tb.v5i1.117.
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The purpose of this reserach is to describe structure and meaning of nounphrases in Maanyan language using theory of phrase structure fromBa’dulu. The data for this research are sentences in Maanyan languagecontaining noun phrases. The data were analyzed with agih method andseveral advenced techniques. The results indicate that noun phrases in BMare endocentric phrases with noun as the centre. There are eight structuresof noun phrases in BM, noun as the centre followed by (1) noun or pronounas the attribute, (2) active verb or adjective as the attribute, (3) passive verband noun as the attribute with ‘sa’ as the marker, (4) adjectiva anddemonstrative pronoun as the attribute with sa’ as the marker, (5) two ormore noun as the attribute, (6) preposisional phrase, and noun as the centrepreceded by numeral and ‘hi’ as the attribute. Noun phrase in BM haveseveral meaning, such as, summation, election, equality, explainatory,barrier, determinants, number and appellations.
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Syafutri, Tania, Syafryadin Syafryadin, and Dedi Sofyan. "Error Analysis on Noun Phrase in Students’ Undergraduate Theses." ENGLISH FRANCA : Academic Journal of English Language and Education 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/ef.v6i2.4659.
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The aim of this research is (1) to analyze the components of noun phrase errors that are often made by students in the introduction parts of their undergraduate theses, (2) to analyze the types of noun phrase errors that are often made by students in the introduction parts of their undergraduate theses, (3) to find out the differences between noun phrase errors made students in the introduction parts of their undergraduate theses. The method used in this research was mix method. The instrument comprised observation and documentation. The result of this research was as follows: (1) the most dominant component of noun phrase error made by UPI and Unib students in the introduction parts was a head error, (2) the most dominant type of error in noun phrases made by UPI was addition error; however, the most dominant type of noun phrase errors among Unib students was omission error, (3) the number of noun phrase errors in Unib was higher than those in UPI. It is recommended that students improve their mastery of noun phrases, that lecturers teach students how to write the introduction well, specifically on noun phrases, and that next researchers investigate additional aspects of noun phrases.
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Bili, Yunita Reny Bani. "Reordering in Kupang Malay Noun Phrase." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.11.
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Kupang Malay noun phrases (NP) have a unique structure. The speakers often reorder the phrases to convey a particular meaning. However, the reordering of the words in the noun phrase also has boundaries. Due to the problem, this study investigated the type of Kupang NP, its reordering pattern, its effect on the semantic content, grammatical function, and constraints of the NP reordering. This research employed Fieldworks lexical explorer (Flex) built up by SIL teams to analyze the data. The data was gathered from the online Kupang Malay Bible website. Sixty data were chosen from four out of twenty-eight books within the bible. The books are called carita mula-mula (Old Testament), Mathew, Mark, and Luke. The data consist of 30 NPs with pre-modifiers and 30 NPs constructed by post-modifiers. The result shows that pre-modifiers noun phrases undergo more reordering because they are triggered by the constituents than post-modifiers noun phrases. Most word shift does not affect a noun phrase's meaning and grammatical function.
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Mutiara, Rika. "Modification of English Complex Noun Phrases: A Case Study of Native and Non-Native Writers." E-Structural 2, no. 01 (July 5, 2019): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v2i1.2371.
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This study aims at examining differences of complex noun phrases written by Indonesian writers and English native writers in English academic prose particularly undergraduate students’ theses. The complex noun phrases were scrutinized based on how they were modified (Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, & Finegan, 1999, pp.588-644). Corpus method that is concordance analysis of nouns was applied to identify the modifications. The data were taken from four undergraduate theses. Two of them were written by non-native writers and the others were produced by native writers. The differences cover some modifiers namely adverb (phrase) as premodifiers and postmodifiers, adjective (phrase) as postmodifiers, relativizers, prepositional phrases, appositives, and multiple modifiers whether premodifiers or postmodifiers. The differences occur might be caused by L1 interference such as in the use of adjective (phrase), adverb phrase, and reflexive pronoun as postmodifier. Non-native writers do not produce any adjective (phrase) and reflexive pronoun as postmodifiers. For multiple premodifiers and postmodifiers, differences occur in the form of the highest number of modifiers in the NPs and their types. In the long noun phrases, the non-native writers modified the nouns with a number of appositives. NPs written by native writers of English are more complex.
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Wang, Yuanjie. "Subclasses of Chinese noun phrases and the parallel occurrence of de 的." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.1.2.06wan.
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Chinese noun phrases are divided into three subclasses, namely, classification phrases, quantification phrases, and identification phrases, to describe and explain the parallel occurrence of de in the NPs with a single modifier. The parallelism exists not only between the three subclasses of NPs, but also, within the quantification phrases, between the nominal quantification modifiers and the verbal quantification modifiers. The reason for this parallel occurrence is that, the classification phrase tends to occur without de when its modifier has a higher ability to classify the head noun, so do the quantification phrase when its modifier has a higher ability to count the head noun, and the identification phrase when its modifier has a higher ability to identify the head noun.
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Ningsih, Rahmi Yulia, and Chandra Kurniawan Wiharja. "Noun Phrase in Bahasa Indonesia." Humaniora 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v8i1.3698.
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This article contained research about the analysis of the text of Bahasa Indonesia speech with the Systemic Functional Linguistic approach (LFS). The aim of this article was identifying elements of forming noun phrases as the participants which represented processes in clauses, functions, as well as the distribution of its position in the clause. The research method used was qualitative research with the method of data analysis in the form of 60 clauses through the approach of LFS. The 60 clauses data were taken from the text of the speech of UNJ Rector, which was then analyzed into 100 phrases in the noun. According to the LFS method, it finds that the noun phrase is formed by elements of the noun classes. From the 100 noun phrases analyzed, there are 100 nouns that have different functions in each process. There are 86 nouns represent the material process, 5 nouns represent the relational process, 4 nouns represent the verbal process, 3 nouns represent mental processes, and 2 nouns represent the existential process. The study also finds that in the form of the lexicon, the same noun with the different distribution of its position will result in different functions in the representation process.
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Akmal, Akmal, and Jamaluddin Nasution. "Noun Phrase In Minang Language." Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/aksara.7.3.1077-1086.2021.
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Phrase structure rules express the basic structural facts of the language in the form of “phrase markers”. This study discussed about the noun phrase in Minangkabau Language. The aim of this study is to find out the noun phrases of Minangkabau Language and how the noun phrases are used in the language. The used method is qualitative research design by interviewing the native speakers of Minangkabau by using the depth interview. the participants are the people who lived in Sukaramai Districts. They were born in Pariaman Districts and they are educated people who understand about the phrase structure.The researcher described the finding data more details. In this study, there are six noun phrase forms in Minangkabau Language and there is one unique form. The noun phrases are implicated in the daily activity of society. In fact, there was a unique noun phrase in Minang Language namely: Noun Phrase (NP) is N1 + sa + N2.
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Syamsu, Awaluddin. "A Study of Noun Phrase Awareness at the Eighth Graders of Two Islamic Junior High Schools in Makassar." J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jes.2021.2.2.4181.
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Syntactic awareness has been linked to reading comprehension skills. In Junior high schools, syntactic awareness of noun phrases can be very important for the students in the Indonesian context because it can improve their reading comprehension. However, teaching noun phrases for the students can be challenging due to the grammar difference. The junior high school student’s noun phrase awareness was measured using a developed test. It consists of 28 questions with seven noun categories. The reliability test was conducted using KR-20 and the result was .90. The study indicated the average score of the students was 69.07 (fair). Of the seven noun phrases category, nominal possessors and conjoined noun phrases were good, prenominal possessors, multiple genitive constructs, alienable and inalienable possessions, and ad-positional phrases were fair, and nonreferential generative was weak. Referring to the result of the research, it is suggested to improve the student’s noun phrase awareness to enhance their reading comprehension.
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Prematilake, H. I. "A Contrastive Analysis of English-Hindi Noun Phrase in the Discipline of Translation." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 08, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v08i01.01.
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A noun phrase is an extension of a noun, in which one or more adjectives or modifiers are used with the noun. In terms of translation studies, the analysis of internal and external textual factors contributes to the knowledge of the source text and to a better understanding of the text and its aim. Noun phrases are an important element in terms of intertextual factors of the source text. Hence, the objectives of the present study are to describe and explain the function of noun phrases in English and Hindi languages in terms of text analysis for understanding a source text, producing an acceptable translation, and the assessment of that translation and to indicate an investigation of the similarities and differences of the noun phrase in the two languages. The present study focuses on the similarities and differences between Hindi and English noun phrases. Data were gathered using library surveys. Data analysis was performed as a comparative study based on contrastive analysis techniques. The key research findings of this paper are based on identifying several comparative elements of English and Hindi noun phrases. This paper emphasizes that the classification of noun phrases and Englis-hHindi noun phrases may play with respect to the action or state described by a governing verb.
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Park, Boon-Joo. "복합명사구 통사 정보에 따른 문장처리 시선 추적 분석: 관계절 내에서 동사 수 일치 처리양상." Studies in Modern Grammar 115 (September 30, 2022): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2022.115.139.
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Boon-Joo Park, 2022. Eye-movement Analysis of Sentence Processing with Complex Noun Phrase: Number Agreement within the Relative Clause. Studies in Modern Grammar 115, 139-157. The current study aims to investigate how ESL university students undergo the syntactic process of relative clause with complex noun phrases. The target sentences have two kinds of complex noun phrase varied with the numbers: one consists of single noun (N1) and plural noun(N2) phrases and the other consists of plural noun(N1) and single noun (N2) phrases. The data collection through tracking eye-movement during language processing enables us to investigate the process more in-depth level and to have wide range of insight of language learners’ processing. The results from eye-movement analysis showed that the participants underwent different process the two mismatched types of relative clause with complex noun phrases (singular – plural NPs vs. plural-singular NPs).
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Suyanti, Lilis, Supadi Supadi, and Marina Siti Sugiyati. "POLA KALIMAT TUNGGAL PADA TEKS DESKRIPSI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI I PONDOK KELAPA BENGKULU TENGAH TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017." Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jik.v1i1.3274.
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The purpose of this study are to describe the pattern, function, category and the role of single sentence elements in the text description of students in class VII of SMP Negeri 1 Pondok Kelapa Bengkulu Tengah academic year 2016-2017. The method used is qualitative descriptive method. Data and data sources in this study are single sentences in the text description of students in class VII SMP N 1 Pondok Kelapa Bengkulu Tengah academic year 2016/2017. Data analysis technique in this research using permutation technique and paraphrase technique. The results of the research found the following single sentence patterns, S-P, S-P-O, S-P-Pel, S-P-Ket, S-P-O-Ket, S-P-O-Pel, S-Ket-P-O, Ket-S-P, Ket-S-P-O, Ket-S-P-Pel , Ket-S-P-O-Pel, Ket-S-P-O-Ket, S-Ket-P-Pel, S-Ket-P-Ket, Ket-S-Ket-P-Pel, S-P-Pel-Ket, S-Ket-P , S-Ket-Ket, Ket-P-O-Pel, Ket-P-Pel-Ket, Ket-S. Sentence analysis based on function found sentence functions as follows: S, P, O, Ket, Pel. Sentence analysis based on category is found: The function of S are categorized as noun, and noun phrase. The P functions are categorized nouns, noun phrases, verbs, verb phrases, adjective phrases, and numeralia phrases. The O function are categorized as noun, noun phrase and numeralia phrase. Pel functions are categorized nouns, and noun phrases. The function of Ket is categorized as prepositional phrase. The role-based sentence analysis are found as follows: The function S acts as a known, experienced, numbered, actor, gained, and place. Function P acts as an identifier, state, amount, deed, possession, existence, and acquisition. Function O acts as a sufferer, owner, sum, result, and sum. The Pel function acts as the sufferer, owner, number, result, state, and tool. The function of Ket serves as a way, place, time, participant, result, tool, cause, and frequency.
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Pratama, Dimas Indra, and Arina Istianah. "Noun Phrases of Jace Wayland�s Utterances in Mortal Instruments: City of Bones." Journal of Language and Literature 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v17i2.747.
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A noun phrase is one of the important elements in building a sentence. Every noun phrase has its own head of the phrase. The structure of the noun phrase can be different according to the modification of the head. There are two kinds of modification to the head of the phrase: pre-modification and post-modification. The existence of the modifiers plays certain roles to the noun phrase. This article presents how the pre-modification affects the character in a literary work. Cassandra Clares Mortal Instruments: City of Bones was chosen as the work to observe. Stylistic approach is used in order to conduct this study. The data of the study is collected from the noun phrases found in one of the characters utterances, Jace Wayland. The analysis presented in this article covers the types of structure, distribution, and function of noun phrases. This study found several results of the analysis. First, there are seven types of noun phrase structure found in the utterances of Jace Wayland. Second, there are four main functions of a noun phrase in a clause: subject, object, prepositional complement, and predicative complement. Third, the noun phrases also have significant role in revealing the character of Jace Wayland: being descriptive and direct.Keywords: noun phrase, stylistics, pre-modification
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Pavlenko, Larysa. "Headlines in The Guardian editorials: the syntax and semantics of noun phrases." Language: classic - modern - postmodern, no. 7 (November 24, 2021): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/lcmp2522-9281.2021.7.122-142.
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The Guardian editorial headline is viewed as a two-component structure punctuated with colons in which the first part names the topic and the second one provides its comment. The article examines the frequency and diversity of eight noun phrase patterns and gives structural and functional analysis of their constituents. The author studies how categorial features of nouns, adjectives, and prepositions manifest themselves on a phrase level. Three types of semantic relations between noun-noun components are defined. Two more aspects under consideration are complexity and coordination in noun phrases.
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Sakaedani, Haruko. "The Correlation between Definite Noun Phrases and Verb Forms in Qur'anic Narrative Texts." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 6, no. 2 (October 2004): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2004.6.2.56.
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In a previous article I have examined shifts of noun phrase forms in Qur'anic narrative texts and found that this kind of shift is strictly associated with the construction of texts and development of stories. It was also found that other categories such as voice, aspect and tense are connected with the shifts of these noun phrase forms. In the present paper I first confirm the argument made in my previous paper: that forms of noun phrases are markers of point of view in narratives. Next, the correlations between these noun phrase forms and various verb forms are inquired into, and the effect of using different noun phrase forms and verb forms in the texts is discussed. The argument is restricted to narratives because these realise textual coherence more than the early fragmentary revelations, and because the points of view in these narratives can be examined through the various persons coming into the stories. In addition, this study focuses on definite noun phrases rather than indefinite ones as, other than when they are first introduced into the texts, the referents in these stories are referred to with definite noun phrases, or more strictly speaking, a number of prophets and other famous persons are frequently introduced with definite noun phrases.
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Honari-Jahromi, Maryam, Brea Chouinard, Esti Blanco-Elorrieta, Liina Pylkkänen, and Alona Fyshe. "Neural representation of words within phrases: Temporal evolution of color-adjectives and object-nouns during simple composition." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0242754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242754.
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In language, stored semantic representations of lexical items combine into an infinitude of complex expressions. While the neuroscience of composition has begun to mature, we do not yet understand how the stored representations evolve and morph during composition. New decoding techniques allow us to crack open this very hard question: we can train a model to recognize a representation in one context or time-point and assess its accuracy in another. We combined the decoding approach with magnetoencephalography recorded during a picture naming task to investigate the temporal evolution of noun and adjective representations during speech planning. We tracked semantic representations as they combined into simple two-word phrases, using single words and two-word lists as non-combinatory controls. We found that nouns were generally more decodable than adjectives, suggesting that noun representations were stronger and/or more consistent across trials than those of adjectives. When training and testing across contexts and times, the representations of isolated nouns were recoverable when those nouns were embedded in phrases, but not so if they were embedded in lists. Adjective representations did not show a similar consistency across isolated and phrasal contexts. Noun representations in phrases also sustained over time in a way that was not observed for any other pairing of word class and context. These findings offer a new window into the temporal evolution and context sensitivity of word representations during composition, revealing a clear asymmetry between adjectives and nouns. The impact of phrasal contexts on the decodability of nouns may be due to the nouns’ status as head of phrase—an intriguing hypothesis for future research.
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Syafrizal, Syafrizal. "VERBAL PHRASES IN THE NOVEL LIFE OF PI: A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS." ENGLISH JOURNAL OF INDRAGIRI 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2019): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/eji.v3i1.468.
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This study is intended to find out the types and functions of verbal phrases used in the novel Life of Pi. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research, where the data are not analyzed by using statistical procedure; the data in this research are taken from the novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel. To collect the data the writer uses the noting technique. The first step, the writer read and observed carefully to find out the verbal phrases. Then, the writer took notes of the sentences contained verbal phrases in Life of Pi, and then analyzed the data by classifying the verbal phrases and finding the function of verbal phrases. The research finding shows that there are three types of verbal phrases used in the novel Life of Pi, namely, gerund phrase, infinitive phrase, and participial phrase. Each type of verbal phrases has a different function. The researcher finds three functions of verbal phrases, namely noun, adjective, and adverb. Gerund phrase functions as a noun. Infinitive phrase functions as a noun, an adjective, and an adverb. Participial phrase functions as an adjective and as an adverb.
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Takashima, Ken-Ichi. "19. Noun Phrases in the Oracle-Bone Inscriptions." Early China 9, S1 (1986): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800003060.
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ABSTRACTWhile nouns and noun phrases are only one aspect of the Shang language, they are an important constituent element which, together with a verb in a sentence, occur as topic, subject, direct or indirect object, or object of a particle. In order to have a better understanding of the inscriptional language as a whole, a good understanding of the noun phrases is desirable.This paper undertakes to present a systematic account of noun phrases in the Shang oracle-bone inscriptions. The examples are taken from an entire corpus of inscriptions from Period I to Period V, paying no particular attention to diachronic developments. Some diachronic descriptions -- changes over time in construction and meaning -- are also cited in notes whenever they are considered relevant.The main concern of the paper is two-fold: noun-phrase formations and elucidation of their intended meanings. A number of new interpretations, particularly of nouns, is presented in the “Notes” which are integral to the descriptions. The paper also, necessarily, pays close attention to the use of such conjunctive particles as you, ta, and yu.
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Wang, Sue, and Gulbahar H. Beckett. "“My Excellent College Entrance Examination Achievement” — Noun Phrase Use of Chinese EFL Students’ Writing." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0802.07.
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Previous studies have shown that phrasal structure, particularly complex noun phrases with phrasal modifiers, is a feature of advanced academic writing. Therefore, it would be important for those who plan to pursue further studies to learn to write in the way that is appropriate for academic writing. Using the manual annotation function of UAM corpus tool, this study compared the noun phrase use of Chinese EFL students’ writing with that of proficient language users. This study also discussed the significant differences found between these two groups in terms of noun phrase use and their implications for EFL/ ESL writing instruction.
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Guzzo, Natália Brambatti, Heather Goad, and Guilherme D. Garcia. "What motivates high vowel deletion in Québec French: Foot structure or tonal profile?" Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4306.
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Previous studies have argued that high vowel deletion (HVD) in Québec French is constrained by iterative iambic footing (Guzzo, Goad & Garcia 2016, Garcia, Goad & Guzzo 2017; see also Verluyten 1982), since it preferentially applies in even-numbered syllables from the right edge of the word. In this paper, we compare this hypothesis with an alternative hypothesis: HVD is constrained by the optionally-realized phrase-initial H tone (Jun & Fougeron 2000, Thibault & Ouellet 1996). We report on a judgement task in which two- and four-syllable nouns with HVD in the initial syllable are placed in phrases of different profiles (No determiner, Determiner + noun, Determiner + adjective + noun). If tonal profile plays a role in HVD, HVD in four-syllable nouns in phrases where the noun is in isolation or preceded by a determiner alone should be dispreferred, since the initial syllable of the noun is assigned the optional H tone in these contexts. Our results do not confirm this: HVD is favored in four-syllable nouns over two-syllable nouns, regardless of phrase type. We explain this finding by expanding our previous proposal: HVD is regulated by foot structure, but is dispreferred when it targets the head foot (where the obligatory phrase-final prominence is realized).
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Goodness, Devet. "Noun modification in Shinyiha." Ghana Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v10i2.7.
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Modification is a typical defining function of adjectives in the world languages. However, it can be perfomed by single words, phrases or clauses. When dealing with modification of the noun, most studies (Rugemalira 2007, Lusekelo 2009, Van de Velde 2013; Williams 2005 etc) have focused on adjectives or on closed system elements (demonstratives, possessives, distributives, interrogatives etc) that appear within the noun phrase. Little attention has been paid to other marked forms like nouns, verbs, conjoined nous etc. that modify the head noun. This paper focuses on modification of nouns by nouns, verbs, participials, passives and locatives to express different property concepts. The paper uses markedness theory to show the markedness of forms other than pure adjectives to express property concepts. In addition the study shows structural changes taking place within these other modifiers. The study reveals that Shinyiha has several strategies its speakers use to modify the head noun including the use of derived nouns and irregular verbal forms which partake both properties of adjectives and verbs.
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Imamah, Firda Zuldi, and Agus Subiyanto. "The Translation Text of Drama “Macbeth”: Grammatical Transformation of Adjunct in Noun Phrase." Jurnal Lingua Idea 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jli.2021.12.2.2762.
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Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s play that used unique and dramatic choice of words in its adjective and noun. Grammatical transformation of adjectival adjunct in noun phrase in the translation text of drama Macbeth has caused the shift of phrase’s meaning. This study aims to identify the grammatical shift by using X-Bar theory. This study is a descriptive qualitative study. The data are collected by using documentation and note taking technique. There are 35 noun phrases collected. The results show that there are 3 types of shift of adjectival adjunct. First, the adjunct is omitted. Second, the adjunct shifts into complementizer phrase. Third, the adjunct shifts into prepositional phrase.
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Pasero, Robert, Jean Royauté, and Paul Sabatier. "Sur la syntaxe et la sémantique des groupes nominaux à tête prédicative." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 27, no. 1 (December 31, 2004): 83–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.27.1.05pas.
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Summary This paper deals with syntax and semantics of french predicative noun phrases, i.e noun phrases whose head is a predicative noun. A predicative noun is a noun that can be derived from a verb (construction) or an adjective (difficulté) or is a noun that occurs in support verb constructions (effet). We formulate a set of hypothesis for distinguishing predicative nouns from non predicative ones. We show the most important properties of predicative noun phrases, study the syntax of main constructions, and propose a logic semantic representation for them.
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Coenen, Pascal, and Michael Frotscher. "The nominative/vocative plural of Vedic masculine a-stems in complex nominal expressions." Indogermanische Forschungen 125, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 165–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2020-009.
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AbstractIn Vedic Sanskrit, masculine a-stem nominals exhibit two different forms of the nom/voc.pl, a short form (ending in ‑ās) and a long form (ending in ‑āsas). In this article, we will argue that the scope of this variation is not a single nominal but the entire noun phrase. This means that whereas the short form may occur several times in a noun phrase, the long form is either absent or occurs only once. From a functional point of view, complex noun phrases containing one long form are equivalent to simple noun phrases consisting of one long form. In contrast, complex noun phrases containing only short forms are equivalent to simple noun phrases consisting of one short form. The presence or absence of the long form marks the presence or absence of a certain linguistic feature, the exact nature of which still has to be determined. We will argue that in those cases in which two long forms occur in relative proximity to each other, they either have to, or at least can be interpreted as being part of two distinct noun phrases. In order to do so, we will apply morphological, semantic, syntactic as well as stylistic and metrical criteria.
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Thanh Tam, Phan. "Compare noun phrases in Stieng language and Vietnamese." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i1.541.
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This article presents about structural features of the noun phrase in Stieng language in order to define the similarities and differences points between the noun phrase in Stieng language and noun phrase in Vietnamese. Noun phrase has a central component, previous sub-components, and the following sub-components. Also, it has played a role in creating a sentence. Base on situations in communication, the noun phrase may be previous vacant sub-components or following sub-components, but it can not be removed from the central component. The central component is mass nouns like as simple nouns, overall nouns, or abstract nouns. The previous sub-component includes quality words, numerals, or unit nouns. The following sub-component can be a noun, verb, pronoun, phrase, and followed by a demonstrative word. Stieng is a language of South Bahnaric subgroup, an Austroasiatic family, so there are many similarities with other languages such as Koho, Mnong, Ma, and Chrau. They belong to the Austroasiatic family, so they are closed contact with the Vietnamese.
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Dorota, Gaskins, Oksana Bailleul, Anne Marie Werner, and Antje Endesfelder Quick. "A Crosslinguistic Study of Child Code-Switching within the Noun Phrase: A Usage-Based Perspective." Languages 6, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010029.
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This paper aims to investigate whether language use can account for the differences in code-switching within the article-noun phrase in children exposed to English and German, French and Russian, and English and Polish. It investigates two aspects of language use: equivalence and segmentation. Four children’s speech is derived from corpora of naturalistic interactions recorded between the ages of two and three and used as a source of the children’s article-noun phrases. We demonstrate that children’s CS cannot be fully explained by structural equivalence in each two languages: there is CS in French-Russian although French does, and Russian does not, use articles. We also demonstrate that language pairs which use higher numbers of articles types, and therefore have more segmented article-noun phrases, are also more open to switching. Lastly, we show that longitudinal use of monolingual articles-noun phrases corresponds with the trends in the use of bilingual article-noun phrases. The German-English child only starts to mix English articles once they become more established in monolingual combinations while the French-Russian child ceases to mix French proto-articles with Russian nouns once target articles enter frequent use. These findings are discussed in the context of other studies which report code-switching across different language pairs.
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Benson, Peace. "A Description of Dzә (Jenjo) Nouns and Noun Phrases, an Adamawa Language of Northeastern Nigeria." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 12, no. 4 (2020): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.402.
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Dzə [jen] is an Adamawa language spoken in some parts of Taraba, Adamawa and Gombe states in Northeastern Nigeria. The study presented in the article syntactically describes nouns and noun phrases in Dzə. In an attempt to document Dzə and taking into consideration that Dzə is an under-investigated and under-documented language, the result will provide important data to typological research and to linguists working on Adamawa languages. The study adopts a descriptive research design in collecting, describing and analyzing the data. The data was obtained from fieldwork in December 2014, personal observations of daily conversations, introspection and the Dzə Bible. In the article, a brief overview of the phonology and tone of Dzə is provided. It also shows the different kinds of nouns, pronouns and noun phrases in Dzə; simple and complex noun phrases. The language is rich in pronouns, consisting of subject pronouns, object pronouns, reflexive pronouns, interrogative pronouns and possessive pronouns. As it is with most African languages, the elements that constitute a noun phrase occur after the head noun. These elements are articles, demonstratives, possessives, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, genitive constructions (inalienable and alienable possessives) and relative clauses. This is a preliminary study of Dzə and it is open for further research and contributions.
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Gavurová, Miroslava. "Abbreviation noun phrases at the intersection of abbreviation and syntactic motivations." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 21 (2021): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2021.21.02.
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The paper focuses on acronym-based noun phrases, i.e. noun phrases consisting of an abbreviation and a non-abbreviated lexeme. The author works with the theory of lexical motivation which presumes the existence of several types of motivation, including abbreviation and syntactic motivation. While abbreviations are formed by means of abbreviation motivation, syntactic constructions such as noun phrases are formed by means of syntactic motivation. Both types of motivation are dominant in the forming of abbreviation noun phrases. The author distinguishes and explains the differences between tautological (PIN number), semi-tautological (SIM card) and explicative noun phrases (GPRS platforms) as well as abbreviation multi-word units (USB port). The paper points out manifold functionality of each type of abbreviation noun phrase/multiword unit and presents abbreviations as productive means of forming new constructions and lexemes. Their versatile character makes abbreviations universal forms for coining new expressions of terminological character and thus contributing to multiple terminological databases of languages.
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Muhammad Kemal Jatnika Almuharam. "An Analysis of Noun Phrases in Motorcycle Brochures." Jurnal Bahasa Inggris Terapan 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jbit.v7i1.3514.
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The main objective of this study is to analyze the use of noun phrase and identify noun phrases that are frequently used. The present study applied the theory of Greenbaum, S & Nelson, G (2002) which divides the structures into seven types: determiner + noun, pre-modifier + noun, determiner + pre-modifier + noun, noun + post-modifier, determiner + noun + post-modifier, pre-modifier + noun + post-modifier, and determiner + pre-modifier + noun + post-modifier. Since all of the data are in a form of a descriptive text, method of textual analysis applied to analyze the data. The result of the study showed there were 796 noun phrases found from 10 brochures and 2 additional descriptions and they were classified into determiner + noun (19%), pre-modifier + noun (29%), determiner + pre-modifier + noun (47%), noun + post-modifier (1%), determiner + noun + post-modifier (0,88%), pre-modifier + noun + post-modifier (0,75%), determiner + pre-modifier + noun + post-modifier (0,25%). The final result show that the most frequently noun phrase used is the category 3 with structure determiner + pre-modifier + noun (47%), and the second one is the category 2 with structure pre-modifier + noun (29%).
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Njobvu, Naomi. "VN Phrasal Compounds in Cinyanja." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.3.1.453.
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This article aims at discussing verb-noun compounds with a locative prefix in the nominal part of the compounds in Cinyanja. The singular and plural forms of the compounds have been presented to show that the complex forms are nouns. With regard to the internal structure, the compounds show that they have a phrasal structure. Since verb-noun compounds in this study resemble the structure of synthetic compounds in English, the analysis of these words followed the syntactic approach. The results show that internally, the compounds with a locative have a verb phrase internal structure, and follow the verb-argument word order. In the syntactic context, it is shown that the compounds with the phrasal internal structure function as determiner phrases because they can appear in the subject and object positions in simple sentences and relative clauses. Further, the entire compound word can be modified by adjectives, and be coordinated with simple nouns, which suggests that the compounds with a locative are indeed determiner phrases. Finally, with the application of the lexical integrity hypothesis, the results reveal that the compounds with the locative in the nominal part are genuine compounds because they adhere to the lexical integrity principle.
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Soon, Wee Meng, Hwee Tou Ng, and Daniel Chung Yong Lim. "A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of Noun Phrases." Computational Linguistics 27, no. 4 (December 2001): 521–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120101753342653.
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In this paper, we present a learning approach to coreference resolution of noun phrases in unrestricted text. The approach learns from a small, annotated corpus and the task includes resolving not just a certain type of noun phrase (e.g., pronouns) but rather general noun phrases. It also does not restrict the entity types of the noun phrases; that is, coreference is assigned whether they are of “organization,” “person,” or other types. We evaluate our approach on common data sets (namely, the MUC-6 and MUC-7 coreference corpora) and obtain encouraging results, indicating that on the general noun phrase coreference task, the learning approach holds promise and achieves accuracy comparable to that of nonlearning approaches. Our system is the first learning-based system that offers performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art nonlearning systems on these data sets.
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Justeson, John S., and Slava M. Katz. "Technical terminology: some linguistic properties and an algorithm for identification in text." Natural Language Engineering 1, no. 1 (March 1995): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900000048.
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AbstractThis paper identifies some linguistic properties of technical terminology, and uses them to formulate an algorithm for identifying technical terms in running text. The grammatical properties discussed are preferred phrase structures: technical terms consist mostly of noun phrases containing adjectives, nouns, and occasionally prepositions; rerely do terms contain verbs, adverbs, or conjunctions. The discourse properties are patterns of repetition that distinguish noun phrases that are technical terms, especially those multi-word phrases that constitute a substantial majority of all technical vocabulary, from other types of noun phrase.The paper presents a terminology indentification algorithm that is motivated by these linguistic properties. An implementation of the algorithm is described; it recovers a high proportion of the technical terms in a text, and a high proportaion of the recovered strings are vaild technical terms. The algorithm proves to be effective regardless of the domain of the text to which it is applied.
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Langendoen, D. Terence, Dana McDaniel, and Yedidyah Langsam. "Preposition-phrase attachment in noun phrases." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 18, no. 6 (November 1989): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01067157.
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Moulita, Neiza. "Register analysis of language use in the Jakarta Post’s football news." English Education Journal 12, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/eej.v12i3.19296.
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This research investigated the types of linguistic forms of English register and the meaning of register used in The Jakarta Post Football news. The linguistic forms that are investigated are specifically in content words and noun phrases. To obtain the data, documentation was used as the instrument. The data were analyzed using the model proposed by Elo and Kyangas (2007), it was found that there are two kinds of data in the form of content words, eight data of nouns, two verbs. In the form of the noun phrase, the researcher found two data in the category of attributive adjective and seven data of nouns in noun phrases. All of English registers found in The Jakarta Post’s football news have different meanings when compared with their conceptual meaning in the dictionary. The most dominant type of change in meaning is social meaning.
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Majidova, Leyla. "Determiners used with definite and non-definite noun phrases in English language." Scientific Bulletin 2 (2020): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/vefq2416.
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In this article determiners used with definite and non-definite noun phrases in English language are studied. Determiners are words or phrases that precede a noun or noun phrase and serve to express its reference in the context. There are different kinds of determiners and each one serves a different function. These types include articles, quantifiers, demonstratives, possessives, and interrogatives.
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Garnham, Alan, Jane Oakhill, and Kate Cain. "The Interpretation of Anaphoric Noun Phrases Time Course, and Effects of Overspecificity." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, no. 1 (February 1997): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755687.
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Two experiments investigated the interpretation of anaphoric noun phrases, and in particular those that could only be linked to their antecedents via knowledge-based inferences. The first experiment showed that much of the inferential processing was carried out as the anaphoric noun phrase was read, although there was some indication that inferential processing continued to the end of the clause. The second experiment attempted to establish why anaphoric noun phrases that are more specific than their antecedents cause problems. It showed that the difficulty did not lie in adding the extra information carried by the anaphor to the representation of the referent. Rather, we suggest, putting extra information in the anaphoric noun phrase disrupts the process of linking that noun phrase to its antecedent.
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Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander. "What kind of Scandinavian? On interrogative noun phrases across North Germanic." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 31, no. 2 (December 2008): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586508001947.
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A central objective of this paper is to show how much variation there is across Scandinavian with respect to the morphosyntactic form of interrogative noun phrases. The present paper focuses on three main types of such DPs: (i) phrases involving a cognate of English which, (ii) phrases involving the same element as manner ‘how’ (which is morphologically complex and distinct from degree ‘how’), and (iii) phrases involving ‘what’ with or without an overt kind noun. With respect to all of these different types of noun-phrase-internal wh-expressions an interesting pattern seems to emerge: there are reasons to hold that adnominal wh-expressions start out as modifiers, yielding kind-querying noun phrases, and then develop into determiners, yielding token-querying noun phrases. Although further investigations will have to determine whether such a developmental path (or cycle) is quite general in nature, it can be made perfect sense of with reference to grammaticalization triggered by wh-movement which operates on a DP-structure that distinguishes modification from determination in such a way that the locus of determination is higher than modification.
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Tokizaki, Hisao. "Prosody and branching direction of phrasal compounds." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4070.
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This paper investigates the prosody of phrasal compounds in Japanese, English and German. In a Japanese phrasal compound, a prosodic boundary can occur within a modifier phrase but not between the phrase and the head noun. Japanese phrasal compounds contrast with English and German phrasal compounds, where a pause may occur between the modifier phrase and the head noun but not within the modifier phrase. I argue that the prosodic differences between these languages are due to the branching direction of modifier phrases: Japanese phrasal compounds have left-branching modifiers while English and German phrasal compounds have right-branching modifiers. It is argued that the data of prosodic phrasing in these languages pose some problems for Match Theory (Elfner 2012), the edge-based theory (Selkirk & Tateishi 1988) and Generalized Insertion (Ackema & Neeleman 2004).
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Susianti, Woro, and Pastini Ni Wayan. "Indonesian to English Noun Phrase Meaning Equivalence on Food Lists from Several Restaurants in Ubud Gianyar Bali." LACULTOUR: Journal of Language and Cultural Tourism 1, no. 2 (January 3, 2023): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52352/lacultour.v1i2.904.
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The declining numbers of arrival of foreign tourists to the island of Bali has led to some intense competitions in obtaining customers in restaurants, located in the area of Ubud Gianyar. To anticipate such things, foreign language skills, especially English is very important, especially for waiters in the restaurants, who are required to be able to explain the food / menu in English, so the customers will feel satisfied because they understand the food ordered. This study aims to describe the equivalence of Indonesian phrases into English about food on the food lists in several restaurants in Ubud. The data were analyzed using qualitative linguistic theory, which relies on a phenomenological philosophical approach.
The results showed that all restaurants used Modificative Noun phrases, and 80% of them also used Appositive noun phrases. While Coordinative Noun phrases are only used by 10% of restaurants. Furthermore, it is suggested to the restaurant managers to use simpler noun phrases, so that it becomes easier for guests to understand the meaning of Indonesian phrases that are stated in English noun phrases. In addition, it will also make it easier for waiters to explain the food menu available at the restaurant.
Keywords: Noun Phrase, Menu, Restaurant