Dissertations / Theses: 'Noun phrase'

1

Arnaoudova, Olga. "The Bulgarian noun phrase." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9884.

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Stoia, Laura Cristina. "Noun phrase generation for situated dialogs." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196196971.

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3

Elworthy, David Alan Howard. "The semantics of noun phrase anaphora." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260609.

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Vadas, David. "Statistical parsing of noun phrase structure." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6959.

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Noun phrases (NPs) are a crucial part of natural language, exhibiting in many cases an extremely complex structure. However, NP structure is largely ignored by the statistical parsing field, as the most widely-used corpus is not annotated with it. This lack of gold-standard data has restricted all previous efforts to parse NPs, making it impossible to perform the supervised experiments that have achieved high performance in so many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. We comprehensively solve this problem by manually annotating NP structure for the entire Wall Street Journal section of the Penn Treebank. The inter-annotator agreement scores that we attain refute the belief that the task is too difficult, and demonstrate that consistent NP annotation is possible. Our gold-standard NP data is now available and will be useful for all parsers. We present three statistical methods for parsing NP structure. Firstly, we apply the Collins (2003) model, and find that its recovery of NP structure is significantly worse than its overall performance. Through much experimentation, we determine that this is not a result of the special base-NP model used by the parser, but primarily caused by a lack of lexical information. Secondly, we construct a wide-coverage, large-scale NP Bracketing system, applying a supervised model to achieve excellent results. Our Penn Treebank data set, which is orders of magnitude larger than those used previously, makes this possible for the first time. We then implement and experiment with a wide variety of features in order to determine an optimal model. Having achieved this, we use the NP Bracketing system to reanalyse NPs outputted by the Collins (2003) parser. Our post-processor outperforms this state-of-the-art parser. For our third model, we convert the NP data to CCGbank (Hockenmaier and Steedman, 2007), a corpus that uses the Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) formalism. We experiment with a CCG parser and again, implement features that improve performance. We also evaluate the CCG parser against the Briscoe and Carroll (2006) reannotation of DepBank (King et al., 2003), another corpus that annotates NP structure. This supplies further evidence that parser performance is increased by improving the representation of NP structure. Finally, the error analysis we carry out on the CCG data shows that again, a lack of lexicalisation causes difficulties for the parser. We find that NPs are particularly reliant on this lexical information, due to their exceptional productivity and the reduced explicitness present in modifier sequences. Our results show that NP parsing is a significantly harder task than parsing in general. This thesis comprehensively analyses the NP parsing task. Our contributions allow wide-coverage, large-scale NP parsers to be constructed for the first time, and motivate further NP parsing research for the future. The results of our work can provide significant benefits for many NLP tasks, as the crucial information contained in NP structure is now available for all downstream systems.

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Matheson, Colin Angus. "Syntax and semantics of English partitive noun phrases : a phrase structure account." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19994.

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This thesis presents a phrase structure account of a particular class of English noun phrases; partitives. Constructions which are directly related, notably pseudopartitives, are also analysed, and the proposals have implications for the representation of simple noun phrases. The main aim is to provide a concise and explicit account of the data and to this end the syntactic rules are presented in a computer-usable form. The background to the analysis is provided by reviewing a number of seminal accounts of noun phrase structure, and there is also a review of some research on the semantics of noun phrases which directly bears on the work presnted here. In the absence of a semantic theory which captures all the relevant facts, some requirements are stated and some directions indicated. This thesis makes a number of specific claims, among which are the following: * Partitive noun phrases are minimally distinct from simple and pseudopartitive noun phrases syntactically and semantically. * Genitive partitive noun phrases in Old English and in languages such as modern German and Polish are closely related to the modern English partitive form. * The partitive definiteness constraint must be reformulated. * The phenomena of definiteness should be treated in a theory which allows interaction with the domain of discourse. The main contribution of the thesis is in the provision of a precise, practical, and theoretically motivated grammar of English noun phrases which aims to generate, as nearly as possible, 'all and only' the required strings of the language.

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Christiansen, Thomas Wulstan. "Coreference and noun phrase selection in Italian." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365982.

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Kremers, Joost Merijn. "The Arabic noun phrase : a minimalist approach /." Utrecht : Lot, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39035004t.

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Fraurud, Kari. "Processing noun phrases in natural discourse /." Stockholm : Stockholm university Department of linguistics, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376842298.

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9

Abney, Steven Paul. "The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect." Cambridge, MA : Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology : Distributed by MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21895060.html.

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Abney, Steven P. "The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14638.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1987.
Title as it appears in M.I.T. Graduate list, June 1987: The English noun phrase in its sentential aspects.
Bibliography: v. 2, leaves 355-363.
by Steven Paul Abney.
Ph.D.

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Roehrs, Dorian. "The morpho-syntax of the Germanic noun phrase determiners move into the determiner phrase /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219911.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Depts. of Germanic Studies and Linguistics, 2006.
"Title from dissertation home page (viewed, June 26, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2141. Advisers: Rex A. Sprouse; Steven Franks.

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Manōlessou, Iō. "Greek noun phrase structure : a study in syntactic evolution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283913.

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Lee, Ka-po Bronte. "Comprehension of noun phrase in Cantonese-speaking preschool children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholors Hub, 2005. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38279241.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2005." Also available in print.

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Fok, Wai-kei, and 霍偉基. "Definiteness and restrictiveness in Cantonese noun phrases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26760411.

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Patrick, T. (Thomas). "The conceptual structure of noun phrases /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66102.

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Benmakrouha, F. "Exploiting semantic parallels between the noun phrase and the verb phrase : a study in pedagogical grammar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.641523.

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This study in pedagogical description is motivated by a dissatisfaction with the traditional 'structural' method of teaching English grammar to prospective English teachers at Universities in Algeria. Within the broader context of advocating a more communicative (i.e. meaning and discourse-oriented) approach to grammar teaching, I explore the hypothesis that an internalization of grammar which relates to the learners' communicative needs could be facilitated if the teacher adopts a semantic analysis of certain difficult features common to the grammar of the noun phrase and the verb phrase which would interrelate form, meaning and context of use. The adoption of such an analysis would provide the learner with an integrative approach where grammar would act as a bridge between concepts and actual use. Part I of this study examines the notions of deixis, definite reference, specificity/genericity, boundedness and enumeration which are grammaticalized in both the noun phrase and the verb phrase. Part II examines first the actual teaching situation in Algeria which concentrates on the formal system of the language in isolation from actual contexts of use and as such, goes counter tothe learner's communicative need to express meanings. The approach proposed as a possible remedy will integrate the aspectual and the communicative aspects of language through the use of learning tasks devised to increase the learner's awareness of the communicative relevance of the semantic concepts dealt with in Part I.

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Stanton, Tom. "'One', noun structure, and modification." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/31867.

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The present thesis aims to use novel observations as to the behaviour of anaphoric 'one' when under modification in order to explore more acutely the structure of the nominal phrase. There has been decades of disagreement as to the syntactic nature of anaphoric 'one'. This work highlights novel observations about anaphoric 'one' and offers structural analyses for them. Anaphoric 'one' behaves in a markedly distinct way when modified by a prenominal modifier versus when it is modified by a postnominal modifier. Specifically the indefinite article, numerals, and certain quantifiers are able to be introduced into the structure of the noun phrase only when anaphoric 'one' is modified prenominally. In such cases that is modified postnominally the introduction of such material is not possible. Rather than appealing to rich featural specifications on syntactic objects by way of explanation this thesis offers an account based upon the structure of the nominal. An obligatory movement operation in the nominal projection is proposed, the result of which produces a structural configuration which limits extraction from the moved constituent. It is the two of these factors working together that produces the pattern of behaviour to be captured. Finally I present phenomena that can be found in Spanish, Dutch, Turkish, and Slovenian which can be easily captured using the structural analysis offered in this work. The suggestion being that all of these languages exhibit not only the same movement operation in the nominal projection, but the same limit on what may be extracted from the moved constituent.

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Moosally, Michelle Jamila. "Noun phrase coordination : Ndebele agreement patterns and cross-linguistic variation /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Finch, Mary. "Adolescent writing development: Improving succinctness using the extended noun phrase." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90736/4/Mary_Finch_Thesis.pdf.

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This study examined an aspect of adolescent writing development, specifically whether teaching secondary school students to use strategies to enhance succinctness in their essays changed the grammatical sophistication of their sentences. A quasi-experimental intervention was used to compare changes in syntactic complexity and lexical density between one-draft and polished essays. No link was demonstrated between the intervention and the changes. A thematic analysis of teacher interviews explored links between changes to student texts and teaching approaches. The study has implications for making syntactic complexity an explicit goal of student drafting.

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Petersson, Malin. "Wörtlich oder nicht? : Die Übersetzung von Nominalphrasen mit erweiterten Attributen und Nominalisierungen in einem kunsthistorischen Text." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8298.

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This essay concerns two kinds of nominal style: nominalizations and extended attributes in front of nouns. The aim of this essay is to translate a German text, taken from a book on Greek art, and investigate how many extended attributes in front of nouns and how many nominalizations there really are. It will also be studied how they are translated into Swedish and which strategies are being used in the translation. Is there a difference between Swedish and German use of nominalizations and extended attributes?

The extended attributes are divided into three groups: extended adjectives, extended present participles end extended past participles. Then the three groups are further categorized as to how they are translated into Swedish. The nominalizations are also divided into different groups, depending on how they are constructed: infinitives, the suffixes -

The conclusion drawn from this analysis is that German extended attributes are translated in many different ways. When it comes to adjectives, the most common way to translate is to keep the extended attribute and translate word by word. The participles are more split between the categories relative clauses, verb phrases, adjective attributes and prepositional phrases. The word by word translation was not so common among the participles.

When it comes to the German nominalizations, the two equally common ways to translate are to keep the nominalization or to rephrase it to a verb phrase.

Keywords: Translation, extended attributes, noun, nominalization, noun phrase

ung, -t, -er, -e, Ø, present participles and past participles. Quantification is made to show which type of translation is the most common on extended attributes and nominalizations. In the German text there are 54 extended attributes and 73 nominalizations. The different strategies of translation by Vinay and Darbelnet were used in the analysis.

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Hillert, Albin. "The Postposed Indefinite Article Noun Phrase from a Construction Grammar Perspective." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40006.

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English noun phrases (NP) which include degree modified adjectives show some interesting variation of the position of the indefinite article. A particularly salient pattern is displayed in This is anticipated to be more common a scenario than fleas spreading bubonic plague (BoE, BU-NX022521). The present paper is based on a study of utterances where this pattern was used even though a canonical word order would have been possible. Such constructs are referred to as the Optional Postposed Indefinite Article Noun Phrase (OPIANP) and have been collected from the British National Corpus (BNC) and Collins Word Banks Online: English Corpus (BoE). The central question is whether there is semantic motivation for this postposition of the indefinite article. The results suggest that there is such motivation, namely that the OPIANP could be an extension of a more frequent construction identified as the Postposed Indefinite Article Noun Phrase (PIANP). Furthermore, it is shown that the pattern’s semantics is unpredictable from the composition of its parts and that its primary function is that it positions already given arguments on an adjectival scale. That is, it foregrounds scalar qualities and backgrounds the noun. These conclusions stem from observations of patterns of unification with other constructions, illustrating how the OPIANP unifies best with the non-referential, descriptive PC-constructions and less well with referential constructions such as the subject and direct object constructions. These findings are remarkable as the idea of an adjective-scalar centred NP-construction challenges the idea of NPs being centred round their head, the noun.

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Sampson, Salena. "Noun Phrase Word Order Variation in Old English Verse and Prose." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1285048799.

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Myers, Sara Mae. "The evolution of the genitive noun phrase in early middle English." Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/514/.

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Thesis (MPhl(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
MPhil(R) thesis submitted to the Department of English Language, Faculty of Arts, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Arodén, Jonsson Anders. "Syntactic Analysis of L2 Learner Language : Looking closer at the Noun Phrase." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150763.

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This paper is a study of the noun phrase construction in L2 learner language and the base for the study are the tools for measuring syntactic maturity presented by Kellog W. Hunt (1966). Hunt and other scholars have used T-units, the smallest terminable unit in language, to analyze L2 learner language. This study however, analyzes the construction of the noun phrase instead of T-units. Although the focus differs there are many similarities between the method used in this study and in those analyzing T-units. This means that the study tries to create indexes which we can use as tools for measuring syntactic maturity and complexity among L2 learners, by measuring consolidation and postmodification. The outcome of the study shows that it is possible to measure consolidation of the noun phrase and that this figure may very well function as a tool for measuring language development. Furthermore this paper investigates opportunities for teachers to teach syntax and concludes that there are ways of improving L2 teaching by utilizing knowledge about L2 learner syntax.

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Åkerhage, Jessica. "Complete vs Abridged: A Readability Study of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2787.

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This essay deals with the issue of readability, the term readability referring to what it is that makes a reader perceive a text as difficult or easy. Some factors are related to the reader but there are also those which depend on the text as such, one such factor being style which is the one that will be focused on in this essay. The investigation is based on the analysis and comparison of a complete version and an abridged version of Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, and the questions to be investigated are whether the author of the abridged version has succeeded in making it less complicated, and if he or she has done so by considering stylistic features said to be affecting readability. Further, this essay is divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains the background for the analysis and is divided into 4 parts dealing with the following aspects: the definition of readability, early research on readability, later research on readability, and difficult and easy language. Chapter two describes the limitations made and the method used for the analysis which involves looking at the noun phrase, the verb phrase, and the clause. Chapter three gives a detailed description of the corpus investigated. Moving on to chapter four, this is where the results of the investigation are presented. This is done by dividing it into four different subchapters, each of them dealing with issues related to the different areas described in the method. Each of the subchapters then begins with the presentation of the results for each edition which is then followed by a comparative discussion. The essay ends with a conclusion part where conclusions regarding the four areas presented in the analysis are made along with the answering of research questions.

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Miyamoto, Tadao. "The light verb construction in Japanese, the role of the verbal noun." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32719.pdf.

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Wiggins, Geraint A. "An adaptable formalism for the computational analysis of English noun phrase reference." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20299.

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This thesis addresses issues of analysis and representation of the meaning of human language on computers. The notion of adaptable representations, which are designed to encode ambiguity implicitly, is introduced, and placed in a context of related work on representation and reference analysis. A parsing formalism is presented which allows the analysis and translation of a subset of English into a representation language which encodes not only the truth-functional semantics of the input discourse but also some of its surface form. The parsing algorithm works strictly word-by-word, always maintaining a self-contained partial representation of the entire discourse so far, in order to provide a stringent framework for examination of the idea of adaptability. It is shown that the use of adaptable representations which implicitly encode local lexical ambiguity can improve the efficiency of parsing by reducing non-determinism. A basic noun phrase reference analysis algorithm is presented, which allows inferences to be made about the reference of the input discourse. Following the common belief that noun phrase reference analysis in humans takes place as information is received, processing is performed word-by-word, in parallel with parsing. Part of the reference analysis algorithm constitutes a new view of the distinction between restrictive and non restrictive noun phase modifiers. It is shown that this new view and the adaptability of the system in general does not compromise the ability of the reference analysis algorithm to produce correct results. Finally, a new approach to the generation of readings of sentences containing many-ways ambiguous or vague set reference is presented. The approach relies heavily on adaptability, and it is suggested that without (an equivalent of) adaptability any approach is likely to be combinatorially explosive and therefore in general computationally intractable. This is presented as one specific justification for the more general utility of adaptability of representation.

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Laurendeau, Christine. "Automated acquisition of technical concepts from unrestricted English text using noun phrase classification." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7687.

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This thesis describes an approach to acquire technical concepts from an English language free text without use of knowledge specific to the domain of expertise described in the text. Only syntactic knowledge and text statistics are used to classify each Noun Phrase in the text into one of five categories of technicality, from Technical to Not Technical. The algorithms devised and their performance are discussed. A secondary topic addressed in this thesis is syntactic category disambiguation. Because the Noun Phrase Classification module requires a Sentence Parser to extract the syntactic structure of each sentence in the text, the syntactic category (noun, verb, preposition, and so on) of each word must appear in the Sentence Parser's Word Dictionary. A syntactic category disambiguation module was designed so that whenever an unknown word (a word which is not defined in the Word Dictionary) is encountered in the text, the disambiguation module attempts to determine its syntactic category automatically using the categories of the neighbouring words with a bottom-up chart parser and text statistics.

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Korhonen, Jannina. "A Corpus Study of Signalling Nouns in L2 English Essays by Swedish Students." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28243.

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This study is about the structure of the noun phrases used with with signalling nouns, which are abstract nouns that are hard to understand without a context. The inspiration for the study comes from work by John Flowerdew. The aim is to investigate in what type of noun phrases (NP) the signalling nouns are used by L2 English students and if the structures of these NPs tell us something about the meaning of the nouns. The material of the study is from the pioneering learner corpus the International Corpus of Learner’s English (ICLE). In general, it was found that the chosen signalling nouns thing, argument, possibility, chapter, kind and fact, are frequently used in complex NPs. There were some differences in the distribution of nouns, with thing, kind and fact having rather high frequencies in comparison to the other nouns. For this reason, samples of these nouns were selected for the analysis. The findings indicate that these signalling nouns rarely appear alone but are most often used in complex NPs. Furthermore, the results also show that a large proportion of these nouns is used in fixed phrases.

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Myers, Sara Mae. "Investigation of certain aspects of the genitive noun phrase in Middle English (1150-1500)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14177.

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The evolution of the genitive noun phrase in English has been the subject of numerous studies, yet some aspects of this evolution have received less attention than others. In this study I address two of these less studied aspects: the evolution of the plural genitive noun phrase in Middle English (1150-1500), and the decline of the overtly case-marked genitive modifiers (singular and plural) in the same period. The former has generally been presented as following the same path of the singular genitive noun phrase; the latter has been all but ignored, with only a single study (Thomas 1931) which explicitly examines the use of the genitive definite article and strong adjective. The study uses text samples from two electronic corpora, the Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English and the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, Second Edition, as well as samples from printed editions. The texts used in the present study have been selected with the aim of covering as wide a geographical and chronological range as possible. The thesis examines how and why the number of endings for the genitive plural inflection first increased (in the period up to about 1350) and then decreased (from 1350 onward), a fluctuation not found in the singular inflected genitive noun. The number of available inflectional endings increased due to the morphophonological weaknesses of the -V ending type – the dominant ending type inherited from OE – leading to instabilities in the inflectional system which allowed alternatives to arise. However, the number of genitive plural inflectional endings then decreased, apparently affected not only by the phonological strength/weakness of the ending types but also the type of noun phrase that these were associated with. The inflectional ending which survives, -Vs, is most commonly found with genitive noun phrases in which the genitive noun is animate and the noun phrase has one of the genitive functions labelled POSSESSIVE in this study. This distribution of the various inflectional endings according to animacy and function is related to the rise of the periphrastic genitive plural noun phrase. The initial preferred environment for the periphrastic genitive construction is noun phrases with those functions which will be referred to as NONPOSSESSIVE. As the inflected genitive becomes increasingly restricted to a single noun phrase type, the periphrastic construction expands, to become the default genitive construction by the end of the period. The thesis examines the decline of overtly case-marked genitive modifiers in Middle English, both adjective and determiners. In general, the trend is that morphologically more conservative texts are more likely to preserve case-marked modifier forms, although some marked forms are more widespread due to the development of fixed expressions. Where case-marked modifiers are maintained, historical grammatical gender agreement and the strong/weak adjective distinction are often preserved. Factors which play a role in the survival of marked modifiers are chronological distribution, impact of Old English exemplars, and the development of certain fixed expressions with the adjectives. Thomas (1931) considered the loss of case-marked definite articles and strong adjectives to be the principal factor in the shift from inflected to periphrastic genitive constructions, but the evidence from the present study shows that this is not the case for all texts.

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Chan, Hung-chong, and 陳虹莊. "A comparison of the English and Chinese patterns of modification of noun phrases and the difficulties created by the differences betweenthe two patterns in translation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195120X.

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Lindsey, Brittany Anne. "La Is Better than el: The Role of Regularity and Lexical Familiarity in Noun Phrase Production by Young Spanish-Speaking Children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193850.

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Language production involves two stages of lexical retrieval with a word’s lemma (meaning, syntax) accessed before its lexeme (form). Adult speakers of gendered languages are said to access gender via the lemma (Vigliocco, Antonini and Garrett, 1997). However, presenting gender incongruous distractors during picture naming does not produce interference for Spanish speakers (Costa, Sebastián-Gallés, Miozzo & Caramazza, 1999; O’Rourke, 2007). Spanish demonstrates predictability between determiner gender and noun form: 96.3% of nouns ending in /a/ are feminine, taking the definite determiner la, and 99.87% of nouns ending in /o/ are masculine, preceded by el (Teschner & Russell 1984). Morphophonological regularity might allow Spanish speakers to bypass lemma-level gender. This dissertation addressed the question of whether young children learning Spanish access gender with the lemma of individual words, utilize language-specific morphophonological regularities alone, or use a combination of lexical familiarity and morphophonological regularity. This was tested in an elicited imitation task manipulating lexical status, congruity and gender. Spanish-English bilingual children (2;0-4;0) and Spanish-speaking adults repeated Spanish words and non-words preceded by gender congruous and incongruous definite articles. If children access gender with lemmas, children should omit fewer articles for words vs. non-words in congruous (el libro-them bookm) versus incongruous conditions (la libro-thef bookm). If children use morphophonological patterns, words should show no advantage; however, children should omit fewer feminine than masculine 12 articles in congruous (la f fupa f) versus incongruous conditions (elm fupa f) since feminine is more regular than masculine. Alternately, if lexical familiarity and morphophonological regularity play a role, children should omit fewer articles for words than non-words and fewer feminine than masculine articles in congruous versus incongruous conditions. The results suggest that children, like adults, use both lexical familiarity and morphophonological regularity to produce determiner-stem sequences. Words exerted an influence, but only in processing efficiency while regularity affected patterns for both words and non-words. Unlike adults, for children regularity was preferred over distributional frequency and lexical familiarity was only advantageous if familiar words demonstrated regular feminine morphology. The data suggest that children use language specific input statistics from early in language production and, additionally, provide evidence for developmental processing strategies.

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Afrin, Taniza. "Extraction of Basic Noun Phrases from Natural Language Using Statistical Context-Free Grammar." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33353.

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The objective of this research was to extract simple noun phrases from natural language texts using two different grammars: stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) and non-statistical context free grammar (CFG). Precision and recall were calculated to determine how many precise and correct noun phrases were extracted using these two grammars. Several text files containing sentences from English natural language specifications were analyzed manually to obtain the test-set of simple noun-phrases. To obtain precision and recall, this test-set of manually extracted noun phrases was compared with the extracted-sets of noun phrases obtained using the both grammars SCFG and CFG. A probabilistic chart parser was developed by modifying a deterministic parallel chart parser. Extraction of simple noun-phrases with the SCFG was accomplished using this probabilistic chart parser, a dictionary containing word probabilities along with the meaning, context-free grammar rules associated with rule probabilities and finally an algorithm to extract most likely parses of a sentence. The probabilistic parsing algorithm and the algorithm to determine figures of merit were implemented using C++ programming language.
Master of Science

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Kanduboda, A. B. Prabath. "The Role of Animacy in Determining Noun Phrase Cases in the Sinhalese and Japanese Languages." 名古屋大学言語文化研究会, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16231.

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Cooper, Stephanie R. "Exploring Elaborated Noun Phrase Use of Middle School English Language Learners Following Writing Strategy Instruction." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4656.

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English Language Learners (ELLs) are a growing population within the U.S. school system. In the secondary grades, this diverse group requires instruction to improve not only English language proficiency but also utilization of the academic language register, especially in writing tasks. The present study focused on ELLs in middle school. The aim was to explore the effects of enhanced Self–Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) writing instruction on the use of complex language, particularly elaborated noun phrases (ENPs) when SRSD was combined with linguistic instruction on increased sentence complexity. As a part of a larger study exploring critical literacy and the persuasive writing instruction of Spanish–English speaking students, this repeated measures design detailed the effects of two six–week instructional periods aimed at teaching 19 ELLs methods for organizing, planning, and constructing persuasive texts (the macr–-structure level), as well as ways of incorporating academic language forms and functions in their writing (the micro–structure level). Within the critical literacy project that involved topics and themes related to immigration, the 19 students produced three texts in English (pre–, mid–, and post–instruction essays). These texts were analyzed for ENP frequency and complexity. Three case studies were also chosen to highlight the variation in ENP outcomes and to discuss additional aspects of persuasive writing at both the macr–- and micro–structure levels. Statistical analysis of group use of ENPs revealed no significant increase in frequency or complexity across essays as simple pre–noun modifications were produced in amounts greater than all other ENP type across all essays. The three case studies revealed that frequency of ENP use generally corresponded to strength of abilities at either the macro–structure level, such as inclusion of more persuasive elements, or the micro–structure level as indicated by increased text length and variety of vocabulary. One implication of these outcomes indicates the need for more in–depth emphasis on the coordination of both the macro– and micro–structure levels in writing instruction studies with ELLs. Other implications pertain to further analysis of classification approaches for designating ENP complexity, and how enhanced understanding of ENP production signals aspects of the academic language register.

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Pagmar, David. "Noun Phrase Anaphora and Referential Behaviour in Child-Directed Speech During the Child’s First Year." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118598.

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“Anaphora” is a label used for a referential expression that connects one entity (e.g. a pronoun) to another previously established entity (e.g. a proper name). The previously established entity is called an antecedent. The use of anaphora will, in this study, be referred to as referential behaviour. The study was based around audio and video recordings of free play between a Swedish parent and his/her child. 10 parents and their children were recorded. The referential behaviour of the parents was analysed. The sessions took place when the children were 3, 6, 9 and 12 months old. Recent studies indicate that speech directed at children during a child's first six months contains a larger amount of pronouns than the speech directed at children between 6 and 12 months of age. The purpose of the study was to examine if the decline of pronouns was visible in Swedish child- directed speech, and to see how different types of anaphora appeared in the same speech. Correlations between the visible changes of different types of referential expressions were also examined. A drop in the use of anaphoric pronoun with an explicit antecedent was found for the last two ages, which confirmed the study’s hypothesis. The results were also compared to each child’s vocabulary development.

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Maesano, Deborah <1993&gt. "Some aspects of the noun phrase in extreme southern Calabrian dialects: study on Galati variety." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14724.

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Some aspects of the noun phrase in extreme southern Calabrian dialects: study on Galati variety The main purpose of this work is to investigate the distribution of some determiners within the nominal expression in extreme southern Calabrian dialects. The dissertation will principally address the distribution of articles, zero determiner and demonstratives. The study aims to determine the environments in which these categories are licensed. It has been chosen to take into consideration only NPs in argument position and the research will focus particularly on the position of the determiners with respect to: 1. Proper names 2. Count singular nouns 3. Count plural nouns 4. Mass nouns 5. Kinship nouns Sentences in (6-10) will provide some examples regarding the abovementioned categories in the variety to be investigated. 6. Francu telefonau (Gal.) Frank called 7 . Vitti chistu libru (Gal.) [I] saw this book 8. 'ncuntraru l'amici nostri (Gal.) [They] met the friends our They met our friends 9. 'Mbivia ddhu vinu (Gal.) [I] drank that wine 10. I me figghioli rrivaru (Gal.) The my children arrived My children arrived In order to achieve the aforementioned goal, a specific dialect has been chosen; that is to say Galati variety (RC). The data, collected through interviews with native speakers, have shown that definite articles may be interpreted in different ways with respect to their degree of definiteness. Throughout the work space will be given to the analysis of this phenomenon in comparison with the results obtained from the study of determinerless noun phrases. Moreover, a chapter of this dissertation will deal with the concept of partitivity. On such account evidence will be given that demonstratives are the sole determiners able to partially license the presence of partitive elements. Throughout the whole paper data will be analyzed in contrast with those of Standard Italian and of other Romance languages, with the exclusive purpose of better highlighting similarities and differences among the languages. Keywords: Southern Italian dialects, determiners, possessives, indefinites, noun phrase.

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Mickelsson, Sparv Susanne. "From the midst of darkness to a nugget of hope : Post-nominal of-phrases in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98238.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyze how post-nominal of-phrases are translated from English to Swedish in a non-fiction text about the musician Dave Grohl and his band Foo Fighters. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative. The of-phrases are categorized according to Keizer’s (2007) categories, and the results show that most of-phrases are translated to prepositional phrases, although it differs which prepositions are used, depending on the type of ofphrase. For of-phrases of the possession-type, i is the most common preposition, and for compound-like of-phrases, av is the most common preposition. Of-phrases of possession-type are also frequently translated into genitive constructions, especially if the possessor is animate or syntactically light. Other structural changes also occur in the translation, although no pattern was found for this strategy in the analysis.

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Cohen, Maria Antonieta Amarante de Mendonça. "Syntactic change in portuguese : relative clauses and the position on the adjective in the noun phrase." [s.n.], 1989. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/268977.

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Com período co-tutela em University of London (Orientador:Theodora Bynon). Brasil: Orientador: Fernando Luiz Tarallo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T23:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cohen_MariaAntonietaAmarantedeMendonca_D.pdf: 4828361 bytes, checksum: 39a43204c664241c50646cec71237f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989
Resumo em portugues não impresso na obra
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is the examination of syntactic changes in the Portuguese Noun Phrase. The data on which it is based consist of successive texts which are taken as representative of consecutive periods of the Portuguese language, from the 14th c onwards. Some information about present-day Brazilian Portuguese also given. Firstly, the position of the Adjective with respect to the Noun in the Noun Phrase 15 investigated within a word order change framework. According to the statistical analysis of the Adjective, Old/Middle Portuguese has shown a predominant order adjective/Noun (AN) whereas Modern Portuguese is predominantly Noun/Adjective (NA). The data available show a sharp decrease in the use of of Adjectives around the 18th C. After that time Postposition replaced Anteposition as the preferred order...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística

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Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena. "The noun phrase in early sixteenth-century English : a study based on Sir Thomas More's writings /." Helsinki : Société néophilologique, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=1SJZAAAAMAAJ.

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Bich, Hanh Nguyen, and n/a. "The expression of number in English and Vietnamese and its implications for teaching." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060720.122923.

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A cross-sectional study of the performance of groups of Vietnamese learners is reported with focus on how they deal with the expression of number in English (singular/plural; definite/indefinite) through a cloze exercise and a translation excercise. This research investigates the hypothesis that some NP environments facilitate the distinction between singular and plural, count and mass, and that the context in which a noun is used can provide positive clues to the choice of number in nouns. It has been found that transfer of Vietnamese NP structures into English occurred where the NP environment was not obviously countable or uncountable, i.e., it has no conspicuous structural signals for number determination. Transfer was also found where an NP was taken from its context. The analysis of learners' errors gives some insight into ways in which the teaching of the number expression can be made more effective and beneficial for Vietnamese learners. A number of activities were suggested, which enable the teacher to exploit the advantages of NP environments to convey the syntactic-semantic properties of number to learners. Communicative practice of NP structures (e.g., in a conversation or a role play activity) can make learners aware of different aspects of the number expression in English. It is argued that the pragmatic aspect of the number expression is most important as in use, the syntactic and semantic properties of the category of number are unified to achieve communicative purposes.

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Sojitra, Ritesh D. "Phrasal Document Analysis for Modeling." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36993.

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Specifications of digital hardware systems are typically written in a natural language. The objective of this research is automatic information extraction from specifications to aid model generation for system level design automation. This is done by automatic extraction of the noun phrases and the verbs from the natural language specification statements. First, the natural language sentences are parsed using a chart parser. Then, a noun phrase and verb extractor scans these charts to obtain the noun phrases with their frequencies of occurrence. The noun phrases are then classified by semantic types. Also the verbs are automatically assigned their respective roots and classified. Finally, each sentence is summarized as a sequence of "chunks": noun phrases, verbs and prepositions. Vectors are generated from these chunks and imported into MS Excel for plotting occurrence graphs of noun phrases and verbs with respect to the sentences in which they occur. Finally, inter-term dependencies between noun phrases, and between noun phrases and verbs were studied. The frequencies of occurrence, the classification of chunks, the occurrence graphs and the inter-term dependencies together give useful information about the subject, the hardware components and the behavior of a system described by a natural language specification document.
Master of Science

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Laczo, Ewa. "Traduction d'un texte factuel : Une étude des changements structuraux des syntagmes nominaux, infinitivaux et participiaux." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35358.

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This study is an analysis of the translation of a French text regarding the use of pesticides in agriculture. The French text has been translated into Swedish by the author of this paper. There have been some problems in producing an idiomatic translation in some cases. Some of the noun phrases, infinitival phrases and participle phrases were especially complicated to translate. The main purpose of this study is to analyse how these problems were solved in a communicative translation. The analytic framework is mainly based on the works of Eriksson (1997), Ingo (2007), Fredriksson (2011) and Säll (2004). The French language has a tendency of using infinite phrases, participle phrases and long noun phrases. When translating into Swedish one needs to bear in mind that the finite verb, in the present and past tense, is far more used than the infinite and participle forms. Actions are for example often expressed with finite verbs in the Swedish language. When completing a main clause, you often use a subordinate clause in Swedish. In a French text it is more common to see an infinite phrase as a complement of a main clause. Noun phrases with many words are often avoided in the Swedish language. As a result, Swedish texts can be shorter compared to French texts. The French language is also said to be more abstract than the Swedish language, because there is not so much semantic value in many of the French words compared to Swedish words. The result is that there can be more words in a French text than in the translated Swedish text. In some cases, you can omit words that are not necessary for the context.

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Nyqvist, Anna. "To Translate and Adapt a text with Long Sentences : With Focus on Readability." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20200.

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When translating from English into Swedish long sentences may be a problem. In this paper an academic text with long sentences and an abstract content is translated and adapted for a larger target reader group. The strategies used in this process of translation and adaptation to make the text more readable are analysed regarding changes in sentence structure, noun phrases and connectors. The terminology of Vinay and Darbelnet’s theoretical model for translation strategies is used to describe some of the changes found. Transposition, such as changes from nouns to verbs and modulation, such as changing from abstract to concrete are frequently used strategies in the process of making the translation adapted for new readers. Furthermore, long sentences have been broken into two or more shorter ones and in this process the importance of connectors has increased to keep the information together. To see the effects of the changes LIX and the ratio between number of nouns and verbs have been used. The LIX value decreased from 64 till 56 for the whole text and the noun verb ratio decreased in all the sentences analysed.

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Dali, Myriam. "Gender and Number in Tunisian Arabic: A Case of Contextual Allosemy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40679.

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In this thesis, I investigate the distribution and function(s) of gender in Tunisian Arabic. Based on the observation that gender can ll multiple functions and hence receive different interpretations in TA, I consider gender in this language to be subject to contextual allosemy. Allosemy is the equivalent of conditioned allomorphy at the level of LF (Wood, 2012; Marantz, 2013; Wood and Marantz, 2017) and is de ned as a phenomenon in which a single morpheme can have multiple semantic realizations. My proposal is based on the observation that the interpretation of gender is conditioned by its syntactic environment, more speci fically, by the class of the base noun and the function and interpretation of any node or abstract morpheme (e.g., number) that is parasitic of the n head hosting the class feature. The current predominant view of gender in syntactic theory is that it has a nominalizing function (Lecarme, 2002; Kihm, 2005; Lowenstamm, 2008; Acquaviva, 2009; Kramer, 2009, 2014, 2015; Hammerly, 2018). According to this view, gender is hosted on the n head, which selects the root, and assigns it a nominal category (assuming DM). However, Arabic has other uses for the feminine gender, most of them associated with number. This, I argue, originates from the diachronic trajectory of the feminine a x -a in Proto-Semitic, where it started out as a nominalizer, then a singulative a x, then a group marker, before finally marking feminine gender (Hasselbach, 2014a,b; Dali and Mathieu, 2019a). These subsequent layers of meanings associated with what is now known as gender are all present in the synchronic picture of Arabic. Through an exhaustive inventory of data and diagnostics, I show that the role of gender is pervasive within the Tunisian Arabic DP, and is not limited to nominalization. To account for these facts, I propose that gender is distributed among the different functional heads of the DP: Num, Q, D (see also Farkas 1990; Ritter 1993; Giurgea 2008; Croitor and Giurgea 2009; Steriopolo and Wiltschko 2010; Fassi Fehri 2012, 2018b,a; Dali and Mathieu 2019a). The present thesis also focuses on plurals. I show that plural markers can also be distributed along the nominal spine (Acquaviva, 2008; Harbour, 2008; Wiltschko, 2008, 2012; Butler, 2012; Mathieu, 2012, 2013, 2014; Kramer, 2016), accounting for their di erent functions (e.g., classifying, grouping, counting). These different functions associated with Arabic plurals are, I argue, due to the existence of a singulative operator that is not limited to the collective system, but is pervasive in Tunisian Arabic, as I show. Finally, these observations all suggest that one and the same abstract morpheme (e.g., the feminine and the plural) can receive different interpretations depending on the base they attach to and on their syntactic level, which motivates the allosemic analysis put forward in this thesis.

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Liu, Songhao. "The acquisition of the Chinese de-construction by native English speakers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1192.

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Prescod, Paula. "A grammatical description of the noun phrase in the English-lexicon Creole of St Vincent and the Grenadines." Muenchen LINCOM Europa, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000541185/04.

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Bennett, Gena R. "A staircase model for teaching grammar for EAP writing in the IEP : freshman composition and the noun phrase." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2972/.

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The interface of corpus linguistics and second language writing has led to extensive corpus-based research focusing on a description of academic writing. The overwhelming majority of this research, however, has focused on scholarly writing, which may not be a valid model for novice writing. This thesis proposes the teaching of second language writing should be informed by a staircase model of writing progression which aims instruction at the level of student writing. For English for academic purposes writers in intensive English programs, this target is first year undergraduate writing, specifically freshman composition as it is taught in North American higher education contexts. This study specifically compares the frequency of the noun phrase in freshman composition writing and scholarly writing with two main aims: to provide empirical evidence of the differences between the two levels of writing and to contribute to a description of freshman composition writing. The findings from this comparison clearly demonstrate that noun phrases in both levels of writing employ a discernible pattern, and there are distinct differences between those patterns. A critical need form pedagogical materials to focus more on phrasal structures in general, but especially nounphrases, is evident.

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Bakker, Stéphanie J. "The noun phrase in ancient Greek : a functional analysis of the order and articulation of NP constituents in Herodotus /." Leiden : Brill, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789004177222.

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Miranda, Wania. "O sintagma nominal do caboverdiano: uma investigação semântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-13092013-110158/.

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A presente dissertação realiza uma investigação semântica do sintagma nominal (NP) do caboverdiano, língua falada no arquipélago de Cabo Verde, localizado na costa ocidental africana. As análises concentram-se na variedade de Santiago, ilha em que está localizada a capital do país, a cidade de Praia. Os nomes no caboverdiano, em geral, não são acompanhados de determinante e podem ser interpretados tanto como definidos quanto indefinidos. A utilização de un / uns está, em geral, associada a introdução de novos referentes, seu uso, contudo, não é frequente. Existe, ainda, a partícula kel/kes que parece veicular, entre outras coisas, definitude. Tal emprego, todavia, tampouco se dá frequentemente. O estatuto de kel, em caboverdiano, causa algumas divergências entre os pesquisadores da língua. Alguns autores advogam que ele desempenha, por vezes, o papel de artigo definido (ver, entre outros, (Alexandre and Soares, 2004), (Baptista, 2007), (Quint, 2000)). Discutiremos alguns dos trabalhos que versam sobre o sintagma nominal em caboverdiano, apresentando argumentos que corroboram ou não essa hipótese. A bem da verdade, a maioria das descrições sobre o caboverdiano não manifesta acordo quanto à existência ou não de artigo definido nessa língua. Os que afirmam sua existência parecem, muitas vezes, apresentar análises da língua centradas na descrição e análise do português, principalmente do português europeu. Diante dessa perspectiva, diversos fenômenos idiossincráticos do caboverdiano podem passar despercebidos, como no caso de uma possível contribuição ilocucional do operador uma, outro modificador do sintagma nominal. Este trabalho procura realizar uma análise do caboverdiano centrada nos fatos da própria língua, investigando as diferentes estratégias de interpretação dos nomes, bem como o papel dos elementos que compõem o sintagma nominal.
This dissertation conducts an investigation of the semantic of the noun phrase (NP) Cape Verdean language, spoken in the Cape Verde, archipelago located on the West African coast. The analysis focuses on the Santiago variety. The nouns in the Cape Verdean are generally determinerless and can be interpreted both as definite and indefinite. The introduction of new referents is generally associated with the use of un/uns, its use however is not frequent. There are also the particle kel/kes it seems vehicle, among other things, definiteness. Such employement, however, nor is often gives. The status of kel in Cape Verdean, cause some disagreement among of the language researchers. Some scholars advocate that kel may assume, sometimes, the role of a definite article (see among others (Alexandre and Soares, 2004), (Baptista, 2007), (Quint, 2000)). I will discuss several works which deal with noun phrase in Cape Verdean, revealing arguments which confirm whether or not this hypothesis. In fact, most of the Cape Verdean descriptions not show agreement on the definite article presence or absence in that language. Those who claim its existence often seem to present analysis of the Cape Verdean centered on the description and analysis of the Portuguese, especially European Portuguese. With that prospect, severals idiosyncratic phenomena of the Cape Verde may go unnotice, as in the case of a possible illocutionary contribution of the uma operator, another noun phrase modifier. This work attempt examine of the an Cape Verdean analyse focused on the language facts theirselves, investigating different strategies for nouns interpretation, as well as the elements role on the noun phrase.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Noun phrase'

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