Journal articles on the topic 'Notional Reference Building'
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1
Ballarini, Ilaria, Elisa Primo, and Vincenzo Corrado. "On the limits of the quasi-steady-state method to predict the energy performance of low-energy buildings." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 4 (2018): 1117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170724133b.
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The recent European energy policies progressively introduced more restrictive energy performance requirements aimed at achieving the nearly zero-energy building target for all new buildings and major renovations. To check compliance with these requirements, the building energy performance can be evaluated through different calculation methods, as widely presented in literature. The present article is aimed at identifying in which boundary conditions (e. g. climate, use category, building size, thermal insulation level) a simplified steady-state calculation method can predict with sufficient accuracy the energy performance of low-energy buildings if compared with a dynamic simulation model. The analysis was performed on two building types, representative of the Italian residential typology, located in three different climatic zones and characterised by two insulation levels. The insulation levels fit the U-values of the notional reference building, established by the Italian legislation for checking compliance with energy performance requirements in two different steps; the first level is in force until 2020, while the second level is that of a reference nearly zero-energy building in force from 2021 onwards. The building energy performance, in terms of net energy needs for space heating and space cooling, was assessed by means of both the monthly calculation method of CEN standards and the detailed simulation model of EnergyPlus. Consistency options were applied to the models to guarantee that their outputs could be comparable. The quasi-steady-state method demonstrated to predict the cooling energy need quite well, but to lose in accuracy when the weight of the thermal transfer in the energy balance increases.
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Zeng, Fan Kui, Chang Ming Hu, and Xing Cai Liu. "Design Method of the Temporary Support Structure in Building Construction." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.406.
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The uniform design standard of temporary support structure in building construction has not been published, In case of coupler steel pipe support system, characteristics for the temporary support structure, the standard structure of the system is proposed. It is suggested that the design of temporary support structure should be combined with the present theory of the design of steel structure. The design method of temporary support structure based on equivalent notional lateral loads is proposed. The formula is given, which is verified by tests and is compared with the formula recommended by the present code. The result shows that the formula can meet the requirements of the safety factor, which provides a reference for those concerned with research, design or construction.
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Atosuo, Janne, Outi Karhuvaara, Eetu Suominen, Liisa Vilén, Jari Nuutila, and Tuula Putus. "Indoor-related microbe damage induces complement system activation in building users." Innate Immunity 27, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425920966641.
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In this comparative study, serum complement system antimicrobial activity was measured from 159 serum samples, taken from individuals from microbe-damaged (70 samples) and from reference buildings (89 samples). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a probe-based bacterial Escherichia coli-lux bioluminescence system and comparison was made at a group level between the experimental and reference group. The complement activity was higher in users of microbe-damaged buildings compared with the reference group and the significant ( P < 0.001) increase in activity was found in the classical reaction pathway. This study strengthens our notion that exposure to indoor-related microbe damage increases the risk for systemic subclinical inflammation and creates a health risk for building users.
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Jin, Yichun, Junjie Li, and Wei Wu. "i-Yard 2.0: Integration of Sustainability into a Net-Zero Energy House." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 3541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103541.
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This research introduces a residential net-zero energy house named i-Yard 2.0, which was built by a team from Beijing Jiaotong University for the 2018 Solar Decathlon China competition. The concept was based on the needs of an aging population and achieves energy self-sufficiency through both active (i.e., solar energy) and passive design strategies. With the growing recognition of the need for better environmental protection, green building strategies have become mainstream in building development. A building’s energy balance is one of the most important indexes for assessing green buildings. The i-Yard 2.0 adopts an integrated design strategy with a sustainable development background. It takes a senior citizen-oriented design as the starting point and innovates in aspects such as community modeling, building strategies, passive spatial planning, the energy and building environment, and intelligent building control. The community comprises a new residential model called “cooperative living.” The building strategy adopts a modular assembly approach in order to achieve rapid construction suitable for this type of competition. The passive spatial plan uses the notion of the courtyard as a green core to regulate the microclimate. The building environment achieves net-zero energy by improving active energy access and reducing passive energy consumption. The internet control model was designed to incorporate intelligent building control. The i-Yard 2.0 provides not only a new form of senior residential housing for developing areas, it also provides a novel and worthy reference for net-zero energy housing in China.
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Piotrkowski, Meron M. "Artapanus as a Source for the Building of the Temple of Onias in Egypt." Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 29, no. 3 (March 2020): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1868103420913773.
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In scholarly literature, one frequently encounters the claim that Artapanus supplies the only reference to the building of the Temple of Onias in the entire extant corpus of Jewish-Hellenistic literature. While this assumption has found acceptance, this article wishes to investigate that claim. While Artapanus indeed incorporated a reference to the building of a temple by Jews in Heliopolis—the same place, where Josephus located the Temple of Onias—it seems, however, that what Artapanus had in mind was not the Jewish Temple of Onias, but the famed Egyptian Temple of Atum-Ra. This insight is supported by passages of ancient Hellenistic writers such as Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus, who, as Artapanus, contain similar references, to which the latter appears to allude. Artapanus’ note may thus be explained by the notion that the piece of information about Jews being responsible for the building of a famous Egyptian temple fulfills an apologetic purpose and served to aggrandize the Jewish presence in the Egyptian Diaspora.
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Boonprasong, Peeraya. "Attachment and Associational Dimensions in the Architecture of Historical Building Conversion in Thailand Between 1997 and 2012." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 20 (September 21, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202120102.
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The research on The Initial Survey of Evolution of Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings in Thailand is aimed at constructing knowledge for the module named Reuse and Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. This module is part of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture, which studies the role of architecture fabricated within historical buildings. In the era between 1997 and 2012 in Thailand, there was a notable transformation from conservation to contemporary conversion. A review of conservation perspectives indicates a combined multi-disciplinary cooperation between architectural design and conservation. To establish issues regarding the knowledge of conversion, a research question is raised: how do architectural elements play its role through changing of use? Aimed at understanding the complexity among conversion ideologies, issues surrounding architectural elements of historical buildings are rationally explored. Based on significant conversion projects from 1996 to 2012, architectural elements were referenced as to how concepts and objectives were associated. Qualitative research was conducted through a study of primary sources; survey and classification of representative samples, and secondary documents, records and architectural drawings. The controlling significance of the buildings led to a discussion and an analysis of the architectural designs through new additions and amendments made on the historical fabric. Included in this discussion are the principles of conversion as they relate to the architecture of historic buildings and the ideology of the modification. It is found that understanding a change to architectural elements through an ontological perspective, that of attachment and associational approaches, could clearly reveal the construction programme that felicitates the historical building for which conservation or adaptation is determined. A dialogue on relevant contexts surrounding amendments of architectural elements demonstrated that a strong emphasis towards particular objectives of use could coincidentally harm the historical building’s architectural dimension framework. This leads to the notion that architecture for adaptive reuse should include knowledge of the original construction, a balance among conditions of the existing building, its programming and further habitation.
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Kamczycki, Artur. "Unheimlich: Struktury Pustki w berlińskim muzeum Libeskinda." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 10 (January 1, 2014): 333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2014.10.15.
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The Museum of 2000 years of German-Jewish History in Berlin, designed in 1989 by Daniela Libeskind, an architect of Polish origins, was to make a powerful reference to the Holocaust as well. Using an underground passage, the architect connected the existing Baroque edifice of the Kollegienhaus in Kreuzberg’s Lindenstrasse, with the building created to his design (the so-called Abteilung). The external form of the buildings is a steel, flat-topped structure, composed of cubical blocks, irregular and marked by incisive edges. Inside, this zig-zagging building was intersected by a straight structure, 4.5 m wide, 27 m high and 150 long, which runs interruptedly along the main axis. The resulting empty spaces, extending from the ground floor to the roof, are tightly isolated from the remaining sections of the edifice. The analysis conducted by the author targets the comparison of that structure of the Void with the Freudian notion of the Unheimlich (uncanny). The comparison was made in a conversation with Libeskind by the originator of the theory of deconstruction, Jacques Derrida. Unheimlich is a psychological notion, which in this case denotes “secret”, “hidden” Jewishness, which instead of remaining an “internally closed” aspect is manifested as a characteristic, “negative” reflection. The term, entangled in the context of architectural theory as well as in the notion of anti-monument, represents a starting point in considering the contemporary condition of German culture, where that Void /unheimlich is a constant, “burdensome” echo of the Holocaust.
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Molnar, Attila. "The construction of the notion of religion in early modern Europe." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 14, no. 1 (2002): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006802760198767.
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AbstractThis article traces the construction and use of the notion of "religion" in early modern Europe. The argument is that the concept of "religion" evolved from the medieval ideas of universitas fidelium and conscientia. A look at the writings of Machiavelli and Bodin, as well as the ideas of the English Latitudinarians, reveals that they used the word without reference to theological content and with indifference to theological differences, but, instead, to convey ideas of a common morality for the building of a civil society and a functional statehood.
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Baranyiné Kóczy, Judit. "Reference point constructions in the meaning construal of Hungarian folksongs." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 3, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.3.1.06bar.
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The present paper aims at showing that ‘cognitive reference points’ (CRPs, see Rosch [1975] and Langacker [1999]) have a crucial role in construing the meaning of a significant group of Hungarian folksongs. In line with the dynamic view on construal, according to which conceptualization unfolds through processing time, the paper argues that building up conceptions via CRPs and their larger configurations outline a mental path, representing a metaphorical emotional approach. The development of the physical route as mental route evolves in a gradual transfer from Perceptual space to Non-actual space, where a salient entity has a ‘gate’ function between mental spaces. Some notions such as ‘mental simulation’ (Langacker 1999), ‘abstract motion’ (Matlock 2010), ‘fictive motion’ (Talmy 2000), or ‘subjective motion’ (Langacker 1987; Matsumoto 1996; Brandt 2009) apply to this specific pattern of construal, namely, motion or change experienced by the conceptualizer along his attention path, which manifests here in different forms of subjectivity. The ordering and directionality of CRPs, along with the metaphorical implications of each entity serving as reference points, thus have important semantic relevance and forms an essential component of meaning construal in this lyrical text type.
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Dragojlovic, Ana, and CL Quinan. "Queering memory: Toward re-membering otherwise." Memory Studies 16, no. 1 (February 2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980221141992.
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This editorial introduction provides a theoretical framework for analyzing relationships between gender, sexuality, and memory. Using the concept of queering memory, the special issue proposes queering memory as a practice of innovative and generative history-making that has the capacity to reorder time and memory. The contributions collected in this special issue take up the notions of “queer” and “queering” in their multiple forms, not only in reference to gender and sexuality but also as disordered, non-normative, and subversive potentialities that unsettle power relations. Building on this approach, the contributions engage with art, archives, museums, television, performance, philosophy, and cultural artifacts to explore how queering memory can serve as a strategy for building alternative narratives that impact which memories are privileged and which are hidden or silenced.
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Zlatanova, Sisi, Jinjin Yan, Yijing Wang, Abdoulaye Diakité, Umit Isikdag, George Sithole, and Jack Barton. "Spaces in Spatial Science and Urban Applications—State of the Art Review." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010058.
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In spatial science and urban applications, “space" is presented by multiple disciplines as a notion referencing our living environment. Space is used as a general term to help understand particular characteristics of the environment. However, the definition and perception of space varies and these variations have to be harmonised. For example, space may have diverse definitions and classification, the same environment may be abstracted/modelled by contradicting notions of space, which can lead to inconsistencies and misunderstandings. In this paper, we seek to investigate and document the state-of-the-art in the research of “space” regarding its definition, classification, modelling and utilization (2D/3D) in spatial sciences and urban applications. We focus on positioning, navigation, building micro-climate and thermal comfort, landscape, urban planning and design, urban heat island, interior design and planning, transportation and intelligent space. We review 147 research papers, technical reports and on-line resources. We compare the presented space concepts with respect to five criteria—classification, boundary, modelling components, use of standards and granularity. The review inventory is intended for both scientists and professionals in the spatial industry, such as companies, national mapping agencies and governments, and aim to provide a reference to better understand and employ the “space” while working across disciplines.
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Morlino, Leonardo. "Anchors and Democratic Change." Comparative Political Studies 38, no. 7 (September 2005): 743–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414004274401.
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Analyses of consolidation and internal crisis need to complement each other to better explain the change within a democracy. This article integrates, revises, and develops the results of the existing literature starting from the empirical results of a systematic, comparative empirical research on the Southern European countries. The main theoretical conclusion concerns the salience of the process of democratic anchoring, when consolidation is considered, and de-anchoring with reference to crisis. The different sections of the article analyze the notions of anchors, anchoring, and de-anchoring; the connections with legitimation, democratic consolidation, and crisis; the patterns of consolidation and crisis building in the four Southern European cases; and the explanations and the theoretical background of anchoring and de-anchoring. The concluding remarks illustrate the possible research developments with reference to other areas and the salience of anchoring for every democracy.
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Strukov, Vlad. "The queer coat: Konstantin Goncharov’s fashion, Russian masculinity and queer world building." Critical Studies in Men???s Fashion 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csmf_00006_1.
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I re-assess Russian sartorial economics of the 1990s by examining fashion by Konstantin Goncharov, who was credited for styling Russian rock stars and making costumes for artistic projects. I focus on the relationship between queer masculinity and sartorial practice. The former relies on a visual code encompassing a range of multi-platform, cross-media strategies and a network of references. The latter refers to a community of individuals engaged in the production of a characteristic style across different sites. The article proposes the concept of queer world-building, which brings together object-oriented and community-oriented practices. Central to Goncharov’s world is ‘the queer coat’, a costume designed for his clientele and a historically grounded metaphor for Russian society. It designates the process of creative re-modelling of pre-Soviet and Soviet aesthetics, producing a complex cultural exchange challenging dominant notions of masculinity. Goncharov’s cross-platform and intermedial work captures the spirit of multi-centric cultural activity of the 1990s.
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Karwowska, Bożena. "Poza wspólną historią. Historycznoliterackie uwagi na mar ginesieemigracyjnej polonistycznej dydaktyki / BEYOND COMMON HISTORY: THE DIDACTICS OF POLISH STUDIES ABROAD FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF A HISTORIAN OF POLISH LITERATURE." Ruch Literacki 54, no. 4-5 (October 1, 2013): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10273-012-0077-0.
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Summary Teaching Polish literature in translation at the University in Vancouver constitutes for the author a point of departure for deliberations on the cultural history of Polish literature. Teaching students of various cultural backgrounds make the author realize the inadequacy of many notions of posteolonial discourses in reference to Polish culture. Despite entering into incessant dialogues with the culture of the so called West, Polish literature is nevertheless marginalized by the West; as such, imperialistic discourse does not constitute for it an appropriate reference in educational practices aimed at international students. Didactic solutions based on appeals to processes of familiarizing Poles with their own history and literature (and national values transmitted by them) despite the censorship of the Polish People’s Republic provide a guidance to study of (inter)relationships between literature, culture, and politics and their roles in building a national “structures of feelings”.
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Bright, Jonathan. "Building Biometrics: Knowledge Construction in the Democratic Control of Surveillance Technology." Surveillance & Society 9, no. 1/2 (November 30, 2011): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v9i1/2.4221.
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If surveillance technologies are to be democratically controlled, then knowledge of these technologies is required. What do they do? How do they work? What are the costs? Yet gaining this knowledge in the context of a new surveillance technology such as biometrics can be problematic, because no settled definition exists. Competing versions of biometrics appear in both public and governmental discourse on the technology: different ideas about how often it fails, where it can be used and even what it does. This paper is an exploration of how these different versions compete with each other, and how knowledge about a new surveillance technology such as biometrics is thus constructed. Through reference to original research in the context of the use of biometrics in the UK, points of stability and instability in the definition of biometrics are identified, and some of the processes through which instable definitions become stable are tracked. From this empirical story, conclusions are drawn both for the process of construction of the meaning of technologies, and the general practice of surveillance in modern society. In particular, this paper aims to show how notions such as democratic control (central to the legitimation of state surveillance) become problematic when the very meaning of a technology is negotiable.
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Fromhage, Lutz, and Michael D. Jennions. "The strategic reference gene: an organismal theory of inclusive fitness." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1904 (June 12, 2019): 20190459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0459.
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How to define and use the concept of inclusive fitness is a contentious topic in evolutionary theory. Inclusive fitness can be used to calculate selection on a focal gene , but it is also applied to whole organisms . Individuals are then predicted to appear designed as if to maximize their inclusive fitness, provided that certain conditions are met (formally when interactions between individuals are ‘additive’). Here we argue that applying the concept of inclusive fitness to organisms is justified under far broader conditions than previously shown, but only if it is appropriately defined. Specifically, we propose that organisms should maximize the sum of their offspring ( including any accrued due to the behaviour/phenotype of relatives), plus any effects on their relatives' offspring production, weighted by relatedness. By contrast, most theoreticians have argued that a focal individual's inclusive fitness should exclude any offspring accrued due to the behaviour of relatives. Our approach is based on the notion that long-term evolution follows the genome's ‘majority interest’ of building coherent bodies that are efficient ‘vehicles’ for gene propagation. A gene favoured by selection that reduces the propagation of unlinked genes at other loci (e.g. meiotic segregation distorters that lower sperm production) is eventually neutralized by counter-selection throughout the rest of the genome. Most phenotypes will therefore appear as if designed to maximize the propagation of any given gene in a focal individual and its relatives.
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Remele, Florian. "Theorie und Methode der Gattungsgeschichtsschreibung. Mediävistische Perspektiven." Journal of Literary Theory 15, no. 1-2 (November 6, 2021): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2021-2010.
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Abstract The present article proposes a methodology for writing genre history that does not proceed from »always already« existing generic norms, but rather describes the processes through which genres and their conventions emerge in the first place. Scholars in the field have long been calling for a mediation between (systematic) genre theory and the (historical) exploration of genres – i. e., generic historiography (see Lamping 2007; Neumann/Nünning 2007). So far, however, the solutions proposed have been classificatory in nature, and have mainly been concerned with taking into account the historical diversity of genres more fully than had previously been done (Hempfer 1973; Fricke 1981). The theoretical and methodological questions raised by genre historiography regarding the emergence and transformation of genres, by contrast, have hardly ever been the focus of sustained enquiry, despite the fact that a historically adequate approach to the history of genres – meaning an approach not based on classificatory models – remains a desideratum to this day. Most contributions to the historiography of genre thus far make use of prototype theory or draw on scholarship analyzing schemata and patterns in order to identify genre norms in their historical setting and describe the correspondences with (and/or deviations from) those norms which may be observed in a given text. Yet the methodological problem here is that, ordinarily, prototype-theoretical and schema-oriented approaches raise systematic rather than historical claims. Thus, a »prototype« is understood to be an abstract, ideal model which might never have been realized historically but is still considered the most »typical« exemplar of a given genre whose individual, concrete manifestations may be described as placed along a scale of relative similarity with that exemplar (Tophinke 1997). By adopting such a perspective, the texts belonging to a certain genre may be categorized without having to draw »hard« (i. e., feature-based) boundaries. However, comparing a single text with an ideal model affords hardly any surplus value regarding the question of the origin and change of genres. Being an ideal model, after all, the prototype is constructed a posteriori, on the basis of all available texts assigned to a given genre; it has never served as an actual point of reference for the production or reception of individual texts in their historical context. A similar methodological difficulty arises with a view to scholarship on schemata and patterns, in that these are usually abstracted from all texts belonging to a given genre (like prototypes) or else are fashioned on the model of supposed »masterpieces«, which all but invalidates their explanatory power in a historical context (Schulz 2012). For the historiography of genres, however, one question of particular interest is a question treated only marginally in scholarship on prototypes and schemata. This is the question of how precisely literary speech acts (Warning 1996) – i. e., certain types of literary representation or the treatment of certain kinds of content – are conventionalized and are thus gradually turned into instances of expectable patterns: patterns to be expected, that is, both on the side of production and of reception. Some scholars answer this question by reference to »normative« works which, they claim, serve as »signposts« for the subsequent production and reception of texts (Voßkamp 1977; Gymnich 2010a). The problem with this position, however, is that it assigns to individual texts an unconditional authority, even though the binding conventionality and literary prestige of any given text only emerges over the course of literary or generic history (Strohschneider 1991). One defining purpose of genre historiography is to describe precisely those processes through which certain literary forms and topics become conventional in the first place – to the extent that any attempt, on the part of scholars, to identify supposedly »pioneering« or »authoritative« works is in stark contradiction to an historical approach to genres. At the same time, research on the history of genres simply cannot start from stable norms or ideal models, which is why it is precisely the constant changes to be observed in the conventional validity of literary speech acts that should be exposed and emphasized. In fact, the notion of »convention« is crucial to the approach proposed in this article, since conventions – different in this respect from norms or rules – do not arise as the result of (allegedly) authoritative postulates but rather establish themselves, over time, through communal agreement (Weninger 1994). The formation of conventions may be traced by analyzing intertextual references to literary speech acts: if a given text refers to a certain type of literary representation – either in order to reproduce it faithfully or to present alternatives to it –, this reference is selected from a wide array of options for referencing, and is thus recognized as being »worthy of reference«. Constant reference to the same (or similar) literary speech acts then leads to the emergence of a corresponding convention, whose validity, however, is itself subject to change: If intertextual relations change in such a way that the type of literary speech act previously conventionalized is no longer chosen for reference – and is disregarded, in fact, in favour of alternative topics or modes of representation –, this will result in an observable change in conventionality. After all, whatever is considered conventional is determined by intertextual processes of consensus-building, and is thus in a permanent state of renegotiation. The concrete methodological approach of the present article starts, therefore, from an analysis of intertextual references, insofar as the processes of conventionalization relevant to the historiography of genres can be traced by examining references between individual texts. If one focuses on the question of how genres – and the conventions governing them – arise, the notion of »single-text reference« is preferable to that of »systemic reference«. After all, »systemic reference« denotes the reference of a given text to an established system and thus already presupposes a genre and its systemic norms – elements not available at the outset of a genre’s history. Rather, any truly historical historiography of genres must strive to demonstrate how a set of literary speech acts gradually (by way of intertextual single-text references) forms a system whose conventions may later be referenced. The formation processes of individual genres may therefore be reconstructed by examining the intertextual single-text references that contribute to the conventionalization of literary speech acts and ultimately form a system in contrast to other literary forms of representation. The present article thus focuses on the Gewordensein – the quality of having become or fundamental »madeness« – of genres as subject to constant historical change. At the same time, it proposes a method for adequately tracing genre emergence and change through the analysis of intertextual references and dynamic processes of conventionalization.
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Kister, Laurence. "Accessibilité Pronominale Des Dét. N1 de (DÉT.) N2." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.19.1.07kis.
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The analysis of pronominal anaphora in dét. N1 de (dét.) N2 requires on the one hand a preliminary study of anaphora and of the relations supported by de, and on the other hand, an examination of referential functioning of propositional constructions. The analysis of the relations supported by de is seldom enough to determine whether the whole structure, or just a part of it, is favoured. Thus, the notion of "head" which underlies the principle of pronoun accessing and the preselective clauses must take into account the way of determining the different components of the Dét. N1 de (dét.) N2. The role of determiners is therefore essential : those introducing N2 just as well as those preceding the whole prepositional construction because they all can contribute to making the whole complex structure, or part of it, salient. Examining the distribution of the determiners does not allow us to list all the possible and impossible anaphoras ; it simply aims at building up an access and preference scale based on the notions of salience and accessibility. The identification of references requires a treatment taking many other factors into account: conceptual agreement in gender, immediate or remote contexts, argumentative structure, shared information, extra-linguistic and encyclopedic knowledge...
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Samarin, Oleg, Sabina Paulauskaitė, Kęstutis Valančius, and Kęstutis Čiuprinskas. "Selection of the Climate Parameters for a Building Envelopes and Indoor Climate Systems Design." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 4 (September 11, 2017): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1050.
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The current research considers the principles of selection of the climate information needed for the building envelope and indoor climate design and adopted in Russia and some European countries. Special reference has been made to the shortcoming of methodologies that include the notion of a typical year, and the advantages of climate data sets generated via software-based designs, using pseudo-random number generators. The results of the average temperature of the coldest five-day period with various supplies were calculated using the numerical Monte-Carlo simulations, as well as the current climate data. It has been shown that there is a fundamental overlap between the statistical distribution of temperatures of both instances and the possibility of implementation a probabilistic-statistical method principle in the development of certain climate data, relative to envelopes and thermal conditions of a building. The calculated values were combined with the analytic expression of the normal law of random distribution and the correlations needed for the main parameter selection.
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Chiucchiú, Davide, Maria Cristina Diamantini, Miquel López-Suárez, Igor Neri, and Luca Gammaitoni. "Fundamental Limits in Dissipative Processes during Computation." Entropy 21, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21090822.
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An increasing amount of electric energy is consumed by computers as they progress in function and capabilities. All of it is dissipated in heat during the computing and communicating operations and we reached the point that further developments are hindered by the unbearable amount of heat produced. In this paper, we briefly review the fundamental limits in energy dissipation, as imposed by the laws of physics, with specific reference to computing and memory storage activities. Different from previous approaches, we will focus on the sole dynamics of the binary switches, the building blocks of the logic gates and digital memories, without invoking any direct connection to the notion of information.
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Ghesquière, Lobke, Lieselotte Brems, and Freek Van de Velde. "Intersubjectivity and intersubjectification." English Text Construction 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2012): 128–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.5.1.07ghe.
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In this paper we present our views on intersubjectivity and intersubjectification with reference to case studies on adjectives, hedges, tags, honorifics, etc. Building on Diessel’s notion of “joint attention” and Traugott’s approach to intersubjectivity, we propose a distinction between three types of intersubjectivity: attitudinal, responsive, and textual. We evaluate and propose formal recognition criteria to operationalize this essentially semantic typology, such as left versus right periphery and prosodic features. In addition, we address the issue of directionality between subjectification and intersubjectification. Rather than seeing subjectivity as a prerequisite for intersubjectivity, we argue that in our typology intersubjective meanings of constructions may diachronically precede subjective ones.
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Sazonova, Yaroslava, and Tetiana Hontova. "WORDING OF AXIOLOGICAL DISTANCING IN MEDIA TEXTS ON POLITICALLY SENSITIVE TOPICS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 29 (2021): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2021.29.9.
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The current state of linguistic pragmatics is at the stage of active development of the terminological basis and theoretical and methodological foundations. One of the notions used in the generally accepted methodology within this area is "axiological distancing". The use of this notion and the corresponding method of analysis allows us to fully disclose the strategies and tactics of constructing texts to influence the reader, analyse the manipulative strategies of the author, assess its objectivity and impact, etc. The results of the analysis of the selected texts allow us to make the conclusion that the ideological opponent in the texts under analysis is the abstract notion of a religious (Muslim) fanatic-terrorist in the eyes of a Christian and a European. It finds a concrete linguistic embodiment described and classified in the article. Having fixed the criteria of axiological classification of the opponent and the main value opposition, we passed to the analysis of the wording of the resistance to the opponent as an aspect of axiological distancing. The analysis of axiological distancing proved that the identification of the opponent's features by studying the semantics of lexical units used in the reference reveals a possible communicative effect and manipulative influence on the reader. According to the identified opposition pattern, the authors form a linguistic expression of the violation of the distance between the opponents, i.e. their physical influence and spatial approximation (we made the classification). The article describes the steps of building the axiological opposition "we" – "they", which is represented by such elements as "West" – "East", "Christianity" – "Islam", "freedom" – "dependence". Special attention is paid to the ways of providing objective reflection of events and keeping to the standards of journalistic ethics.
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Pons, Michel. "Exergy Analysis and Process Optimization with Variable Environment Temperature." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2019): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244655.
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In its usual definition, exergy cancels out at the ambient temperature which is thus taken both as a constant and as a reference. When the fluctuations of the ambient temperature, obviously real, are considered, the temperature where exergy cancels out can be equated, either to the current ambient temperature (thus variable), or to a constant reference temperature. Thermodynamic consequences of both approaches are mathematically derived. Only the second approach insures that minimizing the exergy loss maximizes performance in terms of energy. Moreover, it extends the notion of reversibility to the presence of an ideal heat storage. When the heat storage is real (non-ideal), the total exergy loss includes a component specifically related to the heat exchanges with variable ambient air. The design of the heat storage can then be incorporated into an optimization procedure for the whole process. That second approach with a constant reference is exemplified in the case study of heat pumping for heating a building in wintertime. The results show that the so-obtained total exergy loss is the lost mechanical energy, a property that is not verified when exergy analysis is conducted following the first approach.
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Kulpa, Zenon. "Putting Order in the Impossible." Perception 16, no. 2 (April 1987): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160201.
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The class of visual illusions called ‘impossible figures’ (illusory spatial interpretations of pictures) is analyzed in order to introduce an ordering into the great variety of such figures. Such an ordering facilitates reference, unifies terminology, and establishes a conceptual framework for further investigations of the subject, making easier the choice and systematic generation of various types of figures (for example, in systematic psychological experiments). First, the notion of ‘impossible figure’ is defined and certain other related classes of figures (so-called ‘likely’ and ‘unlikely’ figures) are distinguished. Second, the fundamental ‘impossibility sources’ are identified as elementary ‘building blocks’ of all impossible figures. Finally, two broad classes of impossible figures, multibars (or ‘impossible polygons’) and striped figures, are briefly described.
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Lichy, Jessica, and Kevin Pon. "The role of (foreign?) culture on consumer buying behaviour: What changes when living abroad?" TRANSNATIONAL MARKETING JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (October 2, 2013): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v1i1.418.
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Contemporary notions of marketing - such as international subcultures, the Information Society and the global village - would lead us to believe that consumers have access to and consume an abundance of products from different countries. In the light of increasing standardisation by global corporations, it follows the assumption that there will be a gradual convergence in consumer behaviour. This study explores the consumer behaviour of Anglo-Saxons living in the Rhône-Alpes area of south-east France - with reference to country-of-origin (COO) effects when shopping for food produce. Building on studies of acculturation, the research sets out to explore the extent to which specific factors such as price, gender, age and length of residence in a foreign country may have an influence on consumer choice when purchasing groceries, in relation to the COO.
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Altshuler, Daniel Gordon. "There is no neutral aspect." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 23 (August 24, 2013): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v23i0.2681.
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This paper considers the Hindi "–yaa" and the Russian "–yva", which share many properties that are characteristic of so-called "neutral aspect"—an aspect whose meaning generalizes across the perfective and imperfective. Proponents of neutral aspect assume that (im)perfectivity is defined in terms of reference to an event’s completion. This paper refines this idea, distinguishing between an event that culminated and one that ceased to develop further. The latter notion comes from Landman’s (1992) analysis of the progressive, which denotes a function from a set of events in the extension of the VP that it combines with to a set of event stages that develop into VP events according to a particular recipe. Building on Landman’s analysis, I propose that a perfective operator is one that requires a maximal stage of a VP-event; an imperfective operator is one that requires a VP-event stage, but this stage need not be maximal. I show how this analysis allows us to analyze the Hindi "–yaa" and the Russian "–yva" as being perfective and imperfective respectively, without any reference to neutrality.
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Działek, J., W. Biernacki, and A. Bokwa. "Challenges to social capacity building in flood-affected areas of southern Poland." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 10 (October 18, 2013): 2555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2555-2013.
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Abstract. Various aspects of beliefs, behaviour and expectations of at-risk populations were analysed in four case study localities in southern Poland that were affected by flooding in 1997 and 2001. They represent localities of different sizes and are characterised by different paths of historical development. Two of them are deep-rooted communities with dense, strong family and neighbourhood ties, while the other two experienced an almost total replacement of their population due to decisions taken after World War II and still suffer from less developed social networks. Historical events also resulted in the disruption of local memories of flooding and transmission of knowledge about natural hazards. A questionnaire survey was conducted in late autumn 2006, followed by structured telephone interviews and focus group interviews in spring 2008. The results of the survey and interviews were analysed with reference to the social capacity framework and its five dimensions: knowledge, motivational, network, economic and governance capacities. Network capacities, that is resources of bonding and bridging social capital, were considered a key notion when analysing and interpreting the results. The differences in the local resources and abilities available in each of the localities to prepare a response to natural hazards were revealed. Consequently, challenges faced in the process of building and strengthening social capacity were identified as well as ways to address these challenges. It was concluded that there are general trends and tendencies that need to be considered in risk management strategies, however the different starting points of each case study community calls for different means and approaches, as well as producing somewhat different expected outcomes.
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Haładewicz-Grzelak, Małgorzata, and Joanna Lubos-Kozieł. "Boundary mechanisms in adverts from Silesian Catholic periodicals from the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries." Sign Systems Studies 41, no. 1 (May 17, 2013): 42–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2013.41.1.03.
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The paper provides an empirical study of semiotic mechanisms of culture. We apply the methodology developed by the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics, building also on the criteria of boundary-work dynamics to examine a collected corpus of adverts appearing in Silesian Catholic periodicals (in German and in Polish) from the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. We discuss the cultural implications of the differences and similarities in German and Polish ads and propose functional explanations of the results in terms of the notion of boundary configurations in a region as a particular structuring of cultural codes. The two analytical axes are the social boundary implicated in the use of German vs. Polish on the parameter of 'sacred' (sacrum) reference, and the symbolic border in the use of Fraktur (German script) versus Antiqua (Latin script) (boundary objects).
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Josiowicz, Alejandra. "Naming Performativity on Twitter." Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 31, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 209–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2317-2096.2021.34548.
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This article examines naming as a discursive performance deployed by antiracist feminists in Brazil. I analyze tweets referencing the names of three Black Brazilian women intellectuals: Marielle Franco, Lélia González and Djamila Ribeiro, seeking to unearth the way in which their names help to build counterpublic spaces of resistance involving notions of citizenship, belonging and democracy. Using platform studies and Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis as a theoretical frame, I perform different operations of computational textual analysis to map most frequent users referenced and hashtags used, as well as most relevant topics. I conclude that naming grants a powerful role in building counterpublics’ identities, helping to constitute alternative intellectual traditions in Brazil. Linking a social media post with a name to a collective mobilization serves to establish and maintain cultural identity, combining ephemerality with a continuing legacy.
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Soldatos, Theodoros, Guillaume Taglang, and David Jackson. "In Silico Profiling of Clinical Phenotypes for Human Targets Using Adverse Event Data." High-Throughput 7, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ht7040037.
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We present a novel approach for the molecular transformation and analysis of patient clinical phenotypes. Building on the fact that drugs perturb the function of targets/genes, we integrated data from 8.2 million clinical reports detailing drug-induced side effects with the molecular world of drug-target information. Using this dataset, we extracted 1.8 million associations of clinical phenotypes to 770 human drug-targets. This collection is perhaps the largest phenotypic profiling reference of human targets to-date, and unique in that it enables rapid development of testable molecular hypotheses directly from human-specific information. We also present validation results demonstrating analytical utilities of the approach, including drug safety prediction, and the design of novel combination therapies. Challenging the long-standing notion that molecular perturbation studies cannot be performed in humans, our data allows researchers to capitalize on the vast tomes of clinical information available throughout the healthcare system.
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de Carolis, Daniele. "The Reverberation Effect of the EU Notion of Abuse of Law on the Italian Tax Legal System: Towards an Enhanced Horizontal Interaction Among National General Anti-Abuse Rules?" Intertax 45, Issue 2 (February 1, 2017): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2017013.
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In the preface to the seminal book ‘Prohibition of Abuse of Law – A New General Principle of EU Law?’1prof. de la Feria relies on the metaphor of ‘reverberation’ in order to account for the creation and development of an EU principle of abuse of law and its impact on the different Member States’ national legal systems. Building on this idea, this article shows how the reverberation metaphor can effectively be used to explain the impact of the EU notion of abuse of law on the Italian tax legal system and the horizontal interaction of this latter system with other Member States’ legislations. On this reading, the first section illustrates the main features of the reverberation process; the second examines the impact of this process on the Italian tax legal system with particular reference to the process of codification of a national General Anti-Abuse Rule (GAAR); finally, the third section attempts a comparison between the Italian and the English anti-abuse provisions in order to work out an example of possible horizontal interaction between the two national systems.
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Asadova, Alina Yu, and Khamsat A. Akayeva. "The experience of representation of the applied terminological system by means of terminological network." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 2(2020) (June 25, 2020): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2020-2-12-30.
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The article is devoted to the study of the English-language Digital Photography terminological units by building a terminological network, namely, identifying key categories of special notions and system relations between the corresponding terminological units to prove that the analyzed terminological system is mainly applied. These features of the terminological system are identified and classified by building a terminological network. The primary task was to determine the main categories of special notions that are frequentlyverbalized by the English-language Digital hotography terminological units drawing on the example of the analysis of definitions of key terms, as well as to calculate the types of relations between the designated categories. In this regard, the study of a term as a system unit that occupies a clearly defined place in the subsystem of professional lexis becomes possible with the help of a terminological semantic network, which shows that the relationships and categories which the correlating terms belong to are not random. Digital Photography terminological units in the modern English language, which have been taken from the English-language online dictionaries, reference books, glossaries, and Internet portals dedicated to the topic in question, have served as the material for the research. Terms of one category can be associated with the representatives of other categories by means of recurrent system relationships, thus forming prototypical schemes of interaction between terminological units. During the work the two groups of terms have been allocated: the first one consists of “material” terminological units, verbalizing natural objects/phenomena, natural / artificial substances, loci (places, locations), instruments and tools (parts of tools), simple and complex mechanisms and their components, natural / artificial materials, artificially created loci (places) or constructions. The second group includes non-material terms that nominate the category “actor”, processes, situations, characteristics, ideal phenomena. The predominant categories of notions in the sphere of Digital Photography are components of mechanisms /tools, processes, ideal phenomena, complex mechanisms, characteristics / parameters, which indicates the fact that the Digital Photography terminological system is mainly applied. The study has revealed that the most frequent types of system relations between notions and their verbalizers-the corresponding English-language Digital Photography terms are: AKO (system relations between hyperonym and hyponym), ISA (system relations of coincidence or inclusion in a set), SR (system relations between referents which make up the subject of influence and the result obtained within the same process), which also indicate the predominantly applied nature of the Digital Photography terminological system
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Morshed, Adnan. "Modernism as Postnationalist Politics:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 532–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.4.532.
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After completing architectural studies in the United States in 1952, Muzharul Islam returned home to Pakistan to find the country embroiled in acrimonious politics of national identity. The young architect began his design career in the midst of bitterly divided notions of national origin and destiny, and his architectural work reflected this political debate. In Modernism as Postnationalist Politics: Muzharul Islam's Faculty of Fine Arts (1953–56), Adnan Morshed argues that Islam's Faculty of Fine Arts at Shahbagh, Dhaka, embodied his need to articulate a national identity based on the secular humanist ethos of Bengal, rather than on an Islamic religious foundation. With this iconoclastic building, Islam sought to achieve two distinctive goals: to introduce the aesthetic tenets of modern architecture to East Pakistan and to reject all references to colonial-era Indo-Saracenic architecture. The Faculty's modernism hinges on Islam's dual commitment to a secular Bengali character and universal humanity.
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Young, Ademola Obafemi. "Specialization Versus Diversification as Alternative Strategies for Sustainable Growth in Resource-Rich Developing Countries. Case of Nigeria." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 32, no. 3 (July 12, 2022): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2022-0011.
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Abstract The question of whether developing countries should pursue specialization or diversification in export as a driver of sustainable economic growth has been a subject of an intense debate in economic literature. At present, one understanding of the debate, as postulated by Imbs and Wacziarg (2003), is that economies grow through two stages of diversification and concentration as income grows: they initially diversify but re-specialize once a (relatively) high level of income per capita is attained. A U-shaped curve best explains the notion. With Nigeria as a reference country, we employed ARDL procedure and examined the aforementioned exposition over the period 1960-2019. Specifically, the non-monotonic relationship between diversification and growth is examined. In furtherance, we examined the impact of diversification on the effect of non-oil exports on growth. Employing an augmented production-function framework and two distinct measures of diversification, we find, contrary to the Imbs-Wacziarg notion, a monotonic (increasing) relationship between diversification and growth, suggesting that diversification, rather than specialization, continues with growth. Applying a similar framework and five different measures of non-oil exports, we find that the impact of diversification on the effects of agricultural and industrial sectors on growth is higher, as compared to building and construction, wholesale and retail, services sectors.
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Noorman, Safrina, and Nia Nafisah. "Contesting Indonesia in children’s films: An analysis of language use and mise-en-scène." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 5, no. 2 (January 30, 2016): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v5i2.1353.
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This research aims to investigate and interpret nationalism in Indonesian films for children with local settings. Four films for children –Garuda Di Dadaku (2009), Di Timur Matahari (2011), Serdadu Kumbang (2011), dan Tanah Surga…katanya (2012)- are analyzed with reference to the theoretical assumption of film as a form system covering its language use and mise-en-scène (Bordwell & Thomson, 2010). Employing a formal system analysis, aspects of nationalism were constructed and interpreted using Bhabha’s (2000) dissemination theory and a seminal theory of ideology in children and teenagers’ literary texts by Hollindale (1988). Results show that nationalism is presented: 1) through the films’ mise-en-scène which generates attachment to Indonesian nation; 2) in abstract notions through the films interconnection with aspects of humanity, social justice, and unity; 3) the use of children characters’ points of view. The presentation implied that, in the context of building nationalism, the constructed meanings from exposures on nationalism originated in local issues as well as socio-cultural issues have placed children in an instrumental role as the glue in the weaving of Indonesian nationalism. These findings generate three implications: (1) giving inputs about the kind of texts for children which focus on children’s point of view; (2) encouraging the exposure of localities to raise the sense of nationalism; and (3) preparing practical ways to empower film as part of national character building in teaching children.
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Glover, Fred, and Saïd Hanafi. "Metaheuristic Search with Inequalities and Target Objectives for Mixed Binary Optimization – Part II." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jamc.2010040101.
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Recent metaheuristics for mixed integer programming have included proposals for introducing inequalities and target objectives to guide this search. These guidance approaches are useful in intensification and diversification strategies related to fixing subsets of variables at particular values. The authors’ preceding Part I study demonstrated how to improve such approaches by new inequalities that dominate those previously proposed. In Part II, the authors review the fundamental concepts underlying weighted pseudo cuts for generating guiding inequalities, including the use of target objective strategies. Building on these foundations, this paper develops a more advanced approach for generating the target objective based on exploiting the mutually reinforcing notions of reaction and resistance. The authors demonstrate how to produce new inequalities by “mining” reference sets of elite solutions to extract characteristics these solutions exhibit in common. Additionally, a model embedded memory is integrated to provide a range of recency and frequency memory structures for achieving goals associated with short term and long term solution strategies. Finally, supplementary linear programming models that exploit the new inequalities for intensification and diversification are proposed.
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Bolaños-Medina, Alicia, and Juan L. Núñez. "Autonomy support, critical thinking, and motivation as key predictors of translator trainees' strategic competence." Across Languages and Cultures 23, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2022.00266.
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AbstractThis study consists of a correlational and regression analysis of certain factors involved in the practice of translator training, as perceived by translator trainees. More precisely, our aim is to examine the relationships between translator trainees' strategic competence (as the dependent variable), and autonomy support, amotivation and critical thinking (as the independent variables) in the translation classroom. Building upon recent advances in educational and social psychology, we have relied on Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2011) as an interpretative frame of reference. After revising the concept of translators' strategic competence, the main contributions in the field of translators' motivation are also reviewed and the notions of autonomy support and critical thinking are approached from the perspective of both psychology and translatology. Our findings seem to point to the fact that autonomy support and critical thinking can play a facilitating role in the development of strategic competence in undergraduate translator students, who may also benefit from both when they encounter new challenges in real professional settings. Finally, the implications for translator training are discussed.
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Dimmock, Clive. "System leadership for school improvement: A developing concept and set of practices." Scottish Educational Review 48, no. 2 (March 27, 2016): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-04802004.
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System leadership is a developing concept and practice increasingly seen as a tool for school improvement, as policy makers switch from traditional top-down reform to professional models of schools working collaboratively. System leadership is being championed by the Scottish College for Educational Leadership (SCEL), but is still in its infancy in Scottish education. Adopting an international perspective on system leadership, but with reference to the Scottish context, the paper aims first, to clarify the concept and its various connotations, and to focus on the notion of head teachers and other school-level professionals as system leaders. Secondly, it goes on to describe the range of roles that system leaders can play and how these present a degree of choice – and a trajectory - for head teachers in choosing appropriate roles that reflect their expertise, experience, self efficacy, credibility, and interest. Finally, adopting a critical stance towards the concept and practice of system leadership – to date the focus has been more on roles and less on substantive capacity building competences required by system leaders for school improvement - the paper redresses the imbalance.
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Baukloh, Anja Corinne. "Conflict capability e mediazione: un approccio preventivo alla radicalizzazione e ai comportamenti antisociali in contesti familiari e microsociali." Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare 19, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rief-10558.
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Understanding conflict dynamics among individuals and within society, and devising appropriate intervention strategies offer a relevant perspective for the prevention of radicalization processes. The article outlines an overview of some concrete instruments of analysis and intervention in microsocial conflicts, with special reference to family. We choose as a starting point the notion of “conflict capability”, the ability of human beings of appropriately handling conflict.The model presented here is based on a systemic understanding of social conflict and a transformative approach to foster human capabilities, and specifically women, of dealing with conflict. Friedrich Glasl’s “escalation model” offers a solid foundation in order to define conflict dynamics which is crucial for devising appropriate, context-specific interventions. For the family and microsocial context, we propose as intervention tools empathic communication and “problem solving without losers” proposed by Thomas Gordon, as well as a “systemic transformative” approach to mediation. The article also reflects on the importance of conflict capability in order to reinforce the practice of democracy, building on the contribution of authors such as Chantal Mouffe and Axel Honneth.
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Hanna Rubinkowska-Anioł. "Ethiopian Renaissance or How to Turn Dysfunctional into Functional." Politeja 15, no. 56 (June 18, 2019): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.56.07.
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African Renaissance is a term which is used to describe new era in African history and strongly serves propaganda reasons. The aim of the article is to analyse the role of this notion in terms of Ethiopia, i.e. how the term is being employed in Ethiopian politics and propaganda. It is stressed that even though the term itself is a new introduction, the idea of building a strong state on the basis of grand tradition has been used in Ethiopian history on several occasions. Nowadays, the best examples of references to Renaissance by the state’s propaganda are to be found in symbolical meaning of the widely discussed and controversial project of construction the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Blue Nile. Other aspects of how the term is being employed can be seen in a propaganda film material produced by the Foreign Ministry of Ethiopia in 2015 with the view to advertise the achievements of the government.
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Genova, Neda. "Material-semiotic Transformations of the Berlin Wall in Post-Communist Bulgaria." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 16, no. 1-2 (December 28, 2019): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v16i1-2.374.
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In this article I examine the repeated material-semiotic mobilization of the trope of the Berlin Wall in post-communist Bulgaria. I show that despite the official dismantlement of the Wall commenced some thirty years ago, the structure’s afterlife continues to exert a unique influence on Bulgaria’s public life today. I explore the function of the Wall as a narrative and political device in moments when the relation to public space is negotiated or when notions of “past” and “present” are short-circuited. By taking up the notion of a “recording surface,” developed by GillesDeleuze and Félix Guattari in Anti-Oedipus, I show how Bulgarian post-communism can be understood as the terrain of a continuous production of consensus. I argue that after 1989 the Berlin Wall has adopted a governing and consensus-building function that contributes to the “smoothening” of political and social differences on the recording surface of Bulgarian post-communism. Yet,what makes the examination of the fictitious successors of the original Berlin Wall an interesting terrain for examination is that their operation is predicated upon a material heterogeneity and dynamism. In the article, I explore the way this trope has been mobilized in four different cases from Bulgaria’s most recent history and demonstrate in what sense its “reactivation” can be seen as contributing to the stabilization of the recording surface of Bulgarian post-communism.
Author(s): Neda Genova
Title (English): Material-semiotic Transformations of the Berlin Wall in Post-Communist Bulgaria
Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 16, No. 1-2 (Summer - Winter 2019)
Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje
Page Range: 78-90
Page Count: 13
Citation (English): Neda Genova, “Material-semiotic Transformations of the Berlin Wall in Post-Communist Bulgaria,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 16, No. 1-2 (Summer - Winter 2019): 78-90.
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Pitzl, Marie-Luise. "Transient international groups (TIGs): exploring the group and development dimension of ELF." Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2018-0002.
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AbstractIn the past years, it has become generally accepted that the social dynamics of ELF cannot be captured by the notion of a speech community. Instead, the concept Community of Practice (CoP) has gained widespread currency in ELF research. While applications of the CoP framework have given rise to valuable insights, even ELF scholars who work with the concept often acknowledge its limitations. Since factors like situationality and ad hoc negotiation are seen as particularly important in ELF interactions, many ELF researchers have recently emphasized the transient and dynamic nature of the social clusters in which ELF communication typically takes place, especially in light of the multilingualism and language contact. This paper offers a first sketch of how the social dimension of ELF might on many occasions be conceptualized as involving Transient International Groups (TIGs) rather than more stable CoPs. Building on the idea that the Individual Multilingual Repertoires (IMRs) of ELF speakers make up a Multilingual Resource Pool (MRP) in each ELF interaction, the paper argues that ELF theory-building and descriptive work would benefit from exploring the group and the development dimension of ELF more thoroughly than has been done so far. In support, the paper provides a qualitative case study of a TIG in the leisure domain of VOICE. This case study illustrates how an in-depth micro-diachronic analysis of multilingual practices and instances of explicit reference to languages, countries, places, etc., can make visible the group’s development of shared translingual and transcultural territory.
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JASZCZOLT, K. M. "Time, perspective and semantic representation." Language and Cognition 10, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 26–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2017.7.
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abstractI discuss the perspectival nature of temporality in discourse and argue that the human concept of time can no more be dissociated from the perspectival thought than the concept of the self can. The corollary of this observation is that perspectival temporality can no more be excluded from the semantic representation than the notion of the self can: neither can be reduced to the bare referent for the purpose of semantic representation if the latter is to retain cognitive plausibility. I present such a semantic qua conceptual approach to temporal reference developed within my theory of Default Semantics. I build upon my theory of time as epistemic modality according to which, on the level of conceptual qua semantic building blocks, temporality reduces to degrees of detachment from the certainty of the here and the now. I also address the questions of temporal asymmetry between the past and the future, and the relation between metaphysical time (timeM), psychological time (timeE, where ‘E’ marks the domain of epistemological enquiry), and time in natural language (timeL), concluding that the perspective-infused timeE and timeL are compatible with timeM of mathematical models of spacetime: all are definable through possibility and perspectivity.
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Whittle, Alasdair, Alistair Barclay, Alex Bayliss, Lesley McFadyen, Rick Schulting, and Michael Wysocki. "Building for the Dead: Events, Processes and Changing Worldviews from the Thirty-eighth to the Thirty-fourth Centuries cal. bc in Southern Britain." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 17, S1 (January 30, 2007): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774307000200.
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Our final paper in this series reasserts the importance of sequence. Stressing that long barrows, long cairns and associated structures do not appear to have begun before the thirty-eighth century cal. bc in southern Britain, we give estimates for the relative order of construction and use of the five monuments analysed in this programme. The active histories of monuments appear often to be short, and the numbers in use at any one time may have been relatively low; we discuss time in terms of generations and individual lifespans. The dominant mortuary rite may have been the deposition of articulated remains (though there is much diversity); older or ancestral remains are rarely documented, though reference may have been made to ancestors in other ways, not least through architectural style and notions of the past. We relate these results not only to trajectories of monument development, but also to two models of development in the first centuries of the southern British Neolithic as a whole. In the first, monuments emerge as symptomatic of preeminent groups; in the second model, monuments are put in a more gradualist and episodic timescale and related to changing kinds of self-consciousness (involving senses of self, relations with animals and nature, perceptions of the body, awareness of mortality and attitudes to the past). Both more distant and more recent and familiar possible sources of inspiration for monumentalization are considered, and the diversity of situations in which mounds were constructed is stressed. More detailed Neolithic histories can now begin to be written.
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BRÉZILLON, PATRICK, and MARCOS CAVALCANTI. "Modeling and using context." Knowledge Engineering Review 13, no. 2 (July 1998): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888998004044.
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The first International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context (CONTEXT-97) was held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on February 4–6 1997. This article provides a summary of the presentations and discussions during the three days with a focus on context in applications. The notion of context is far from defined, and is dependent in its interpretation on a cognitive science versus an engineering (or system building) point of view. However, the conference makes it possible to identify new trends in the formalization of context at a theoretical level, as well as in the use of context in real-world applications. Results presented at the conference are ascribed in the realm of the works on context over the past few years at specific workshops and symposia. The diversity of the attendees' origins (artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, psychology, etc.) demonstrates that there are different types of context, not a unique one. For instance, logicians model context at the level of the knowledge representation and the reasoning mechanisms, while cognitive scientists consider context at the level of the interaction between two agents (i.e. two humans or a human and a machine). In the latter case, there are now strong arguments proving that one can speak of context only in reference to its use (e.g. context of an item or of a problem solving exercise). Moreover, there are different types of context that are interdependent. This makes it possible to understand why, despite the consensus on some context aspects, agreement on the notion of context is not yet achieved.
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Tórrez, Nahúm Misael. "A framework for characterizing communication-oriented ELT textbooks." Nordic Journal of Language Teaching and Learning 9, no. 2 (January 5, 2022): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46364/njltl.v9i2.903.
Full textAbstract:
Textbooks hold a fundamental position in English Language Teaching (ELT). Today, their main aim is to contribute to the development of the learner’s communicative competence. This paper sets out to set the basis for constructing a framework for characterizing ELT textbooks, in terms of their opportunities to promote communicative competence. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for the framework, it first introduces the notions of input (Krashen, 1989) and output (Swain & Lapkin, 1995). Then, it presents two influential models of communicative competence, i.e., those of Canale and Swain (1980), and the Common European Framework for Reference of Languages (Council of Europe, 2001, 2018). Following that, it presents two significantly quoted sets of principles for the study of learning materials in Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), i.e., the principles of Richards and Rodgers (2014) and Nation (2007). Building on the models and principles, the paper suggests eleven criteria for characterizing communication-oriented ELT textbooks, covering input in the form of topics and texts, and output in the form of activities. A short discussion of the main affordances of the suggested framework is provided at the end of the article.
Keywords: Communicative Competence, ELT Textbooks, Textbook Analysis, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT).
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Relidzyńska, Alicja. "The Nature of Irrevocability: Anthropocene Nostalgia in Hayley Eichenbaum’s Photography Series The Mother Road." Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.12.11.
Full textAbstract:
The recent acknowledgement of the Anthropocene, resulting from the increasingly visible human-induced effects on the biosphere, has ultimately obliterated the nature/culture division (Latour; Chakrabarty), prompting sociocultural changes (Autin). Hayley Eichenbaum’s photography series The Mother Road (2015–19) serves as a prominent example of a contemporary American cultural text which reinterprets existing aesthetic strategies and shows symptoms of what I propose to identify as Anthropocene nostalgia. This new sentiment is characterized by the awareness that a return to the past is impossible and would be pernicious, given the detrimental effects of reckless capitalism fuelled by twentieth-century American consumer culture. This article aims to analyze this distinctive type of nostalgia and its juxtaposition with the Anthropocene in Eichenbaum’s series. An analysis of The Mother Road identifies why and how this new sentiment corresponds with the aesthetics of previous decades, as well as notions of temporality and time. Building on previously conceptualized traditions as codes of reference, Eichenbaum reinterprets the representation of Route 66 by playing with its iconography, creating images which evoke desolate, quasi-post-apocalyptic landscapes. With the use of synthetic colours, digital manipulation, kitsch imagery, and mindful deconstruction of past aesthetic strategies, the analyzed series demythologizes the past and displays the loss of both nature itself and of pre-Anthropocene perception.
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Flores, David, Stefania Pareti, Vicente Valdebenito, and Samuel Carmona. "Traditional Architecture as a Typological Basis for Ecological and Sustainable Architectural Design from a Climatic Perspective. The Colonial Houses of the Central Valley; Santiago, Chile." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1050, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1050/1/012025.
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Abstract The present study aims to explore the Colonial House in the central valley of Chile, as a typological basis for an ecological and sustainable architectural design, mainly in relation to passive climate conditioning strategies, thinking about the minimization of external agents that take care of this. The city of Santiago is selected as a case study because it is a highly urbanized area, implying constant challenges about sustainable urban development. Regarding the object, these are traditional constructions with local materials and vernacular techniques, therefore they are related to the material heritage of the area and present proven climatic strategies that can be extrapolated to establish them within a contemporary context. The methodology is carried out through a constructive analysis of a typical house to understand the decisions taken and how they influence the habitability of the building. This will be complemented with the study of secondary sources and the comparison with contemporary examples to explore the application of the referenced strategies. It is concluded that traditional typologies allow the development of new proposals associated with sustainable logics due to the constructive and climatic understandings that vernacular notions imply.
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Fulconis, François, Gilles Pache, and Emmanuelle Reynaud. "Frugal supply chains: a managerial and societal perspective." Society and Business Review 14, no. 3 (October 11, 2019): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-06-2018-0059.
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Purpose The paper aims to introduce the issue of supply chain management in the context of increasingly rare and costly resources and to define the notion of frugal supply chain, in particular, in reference to the development of circular economy. The challenges of frugal supply chain are detailed for a set of private and public stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach As a programmatic viewpoint, this paper aims at developing debates regarding the future of supply chains, building upon current technical and managerial innovations. Findings Frugal supply chains constitute a new business perspective. It transforms the way value creation process is considered, in reference to the models of circular economy, and the systems in which companies evolve. The circular economy represents many opportunities for new forms of growth in the context of rare resources, and it raises several challenges for a variety of stakeholders, more or less, involved in the management of closed loop supply chains. Practical implications Frugal strategies in a supply chain context may provide both a source of competitive advantage for companies and an enhancement of their commitment to society. Social implications The practices described in the paper aim at stimulating a new view of logistics management, based on the principles of sustainable development. Frugal supply chains offer the possibility of reflecting on a more moderate, sensible and effective use of several commons by taking part in the conservation of rare resources for future generations. Originality/value This viewpoint introduces the concept of frugal supply chains, rarely approached in the literature, and it offers the opportunity to open debates on managerial and societal challenges linked to logistics strategies and, more broadly, to inter-organizational relations.
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FODOR, Georgeta. "Female Representations and Presences in Romanian First World War Commemorative Art." Territorial Identity and Development 7, no. 2 (March 13, 2022): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23740/tid220222.
Full textAbstract:
Art does not represent reality, but it can be an expression of it. Artists always used real-life experiences, including such events as revolutions, wars, etc. as a source for their works. At the same time, political and religious leaders used artistic, visual language for promoting their military victories or the supremacy of their power or faith. So, artworks, buildings, sculptures, or paintings were valuable tools for propaganda. Art can be used as a manifestation of political power or as a form of protesting against it. Sometimes artists were asked to represent abstract values like liberty, victory, peace, or the nation. In such circumstances, artists used the feminine form and not only because the notions were feminine nouns. Considering these general premises, my study explores the female representations and presences in Romanian First World War commemorative art. The study examines how the feminine form was used in the First World War monuments. The personification of abstract notions was examined, together with the presence of real feminine figures in this type of art, and Romanian women’s involvement in creating and sponsoring these kinds of monuments. In addition, the study intends to assess the impact and the extent to which people in general, and women in particular, resonated with these monumental works of art. The main sources for this approach were the public monuments built during the interwar period as part of the commemoration practices of the war. Given the context, reference is also made to other works of art having female representations, created by the same artists who created the monuments under review.