Journal articles: 'Not-for-profit business and management'

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Schiff, Jerald, and Walter Powell. "Not-for-Profit." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 7, no. 3 (1988): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3323740.

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O’Boyle, Ian. "Corporate governance applicability and theories within not-for-profit sport management." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 2 (2012): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c3art3.

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This paper examines the role of corporate governance in non-profit sport organisations. Governance within the traditional business environment is a crucial issue for the ultimate success or failures of an entity. This study analyses if the structures and systems of governance within traditional business can be transferred to a sport organisation. The various governance theories are examined to assess their applicability within a sport organisation and the role of the board is also analyzed within the study. Finally, this paper examines areas of conflict which may arise relating to governance and concludes by offering a best practice approach to this integral issue within any modern sport organisation.

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Goel, Rajeev K. "Research by Not-for-Profit Enterprises." Journal of Technology Transfer 29, no. 2 (April 2004): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jott.0000019539.05696.16.

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Wilson, Meg. "Research by Not-for-Profit Enterprises." Journal of Technology Transfer 29, no. 2 (April 2004): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jott.0000019712.44342.bd.

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McLachlin, Ron, Paul D. Larson, and Soaleh Khan. "Not‐for‐profit supply chains in interrupted environments." Management Research News 32, no. 11 (October 2, 2009): 1050–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170910998282.

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Birdsall, William, Robert D. Vinter, and Rhea Kish. "Budgeting for Not-for-Profit Organizations." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 4, no. 4 (1985): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3323818.

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Budiman, Budiman. "Profit Management and Islamic Business Ethics." International Journal of Islamic Khazanah 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijik.v10i2.12032.

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Financial reports are important elements in economics, so that a rule is formed in the financial reporting process called General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The aim is to unify financial reporting and financial reporting for each business entity in a country to facilitate the auditing process for fairness in reporting. This study will discuss earnings management in terms of Islamic ethics. The research method uses the literature review method concerning Islam's references and matters relating to profit management and Islamic business ethics. In this study, it can be seen that the behavior of a manager towards profit management by manipulating profit figures on paper is not following what is instructed by Islamic teachings and the basic laws of various types of muamalah are permissible until arguments are found that prohibit them.

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Massingham, Peter, Rada Massingham, and Alan Pomering. "Designing a Knowledge Management System for Social Services Not-For-Profit Organisations." International Journal of Knowledge Management 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkm.2018070105.

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This article discusses knowledge management system design for SSNFPOs. The transfer of best practice knowledge management to SSNFPOs is not easy. SSNFPOs have different strategies and ways of doing business compared to ‘for-profit' organisations. Sector reforms in disability services, aged care, and child services in Australia threaten to disrupt social value as new for-profit rivals enter and pursue economic value. In response, the case study organisation (CSO) has been working with the research team to consider how knowledge management might help it become a stronger organisation and ensure its survival and growth in the reformed sector. The research was informed by discussions involving the CSO's management and the research team over an 18 month period. A general framework for designing knowledge management for SSNFPOs was developed. It involves six theoretical platforms, along with problems associated with theory and practice, how knowledge management may address these problems, and measures of impact.

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Ghosh, Koustab. "Benevolent leadership in not-for-profit organizations." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 5 (July 6, 2015): 592–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-12-2013-0164.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships among the welfare constituents of benevolent leadership, ethical climate, and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) by examining the direct as well as the indirect impacts of benevolent leadership constructs on OCB mediated through the ethical work climate (EWC). Design/methodology/approach – The data analysis for managerial responses obtained from eight not-for-profit organizations established that ethical sensitivity, spiritual wisdom, positive engagement, and community responsiveness as the welfare elements of benevolent leadership significantly influenced OCB both as proximal and distal outcome through the mediating effect of EWC found in the organizations. Findings – This study substantiated the point that the welfare orientation exhibited by top and senior management as the core of benevolent leadership behaviour in not-for-profit organizations influenced the EWC and OCB among the organizational members that in turn would enable them to meaningfully engage themselves with the socially relevant projects and community development activities. Originality/value – The application of benevolent leadership scale in not-for-profit organizations established its predictive validity in relation to ethical climate and OCB.

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Siekelova, Anna, Maria Kovacova, Peter Adamko, and Vojtech Stehel. "Profit Management as an Instrument for SMEs Developing: the Case for Slovakia." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2019): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.3-22.

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The goal of the business should reflect its efforts to achieve a certain future state. Classical economic theories emphasize the achievement of profit as a fundamental goal of business. Modern theories consider gaining profit as one of the basic motivating factors. In practice, we distinguish several profit categories that are described in our contribution. The effort of businesses is detection of indicators that help enterprises to generate profit. In our contribution, we focused on the analysis of the profitability of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as on the identification of indicators that significantly influence the rate of profit. In our research we worked with a sample of 9,500 Slovak small and medium-sized enterprises. It was primarily a limited liability company with domestic ownership. We mainly focused on this type of businesses because many authors emphasize the irreplaceable role of small and medium-sized enterprises in countries' economies. Small and medium-sized enterprises play a very important role not only in Slovakia but also in the global economy. The significantly influence the creation of hundreds of jobs, regional development or a high percentage of GDP. Approximately 98% of enterprises in the Slovak Republic fall into the category of small and medium-sized enterprises. For their functioning, it is very important to have the capital that they inevitably need, either for the start of business as such, for development. However, these type of businesses does not always have easy access to financing, especially in the case of bank loan financing. Profit for SMEs is a very important internal source of funding. The aim of our paper is profit analysis and identification of the main profit-taking indicators. The analysis of the profitability was conducted by using methods of descriptive statistics. Based on the studied literature, we selected individual profit categories as basic indicators of profitability as well as selected indicators of profitability that are defined below. Pearson's correlation coefficient and the one-way ANOVA were used to examine the relationship between the selected indicators and achieved profit. Graphs and charts are used to clear the processing of the results of our research. Keywords: ANOVA, cash management, earnings before interest and taxes, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net operating profit after tax, earnings before interest after taxes, Pearson correlation coefficient.

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M. Viader, Ana, and Maritza I. Espina. "Are not-for-profits learning from for-profit-organizations? A look into governance." Corporate Governance 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-11-2012-0083.

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Purpose – This paper aims to focus on governance theories and practice variables in Not-For-Profit Service Organizations. The research answers two questions: what the prevalent governance practices of Not-for-Profit Service Organizations (NPSO) are, and whether there is a crossover among NPSO governance practices and For-Profit-Organization theories in the literature. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire to the 285 organizations within the defined parameters obtained a 18 percent response. Data were collected regarding the boards' predominant roles in the organizations' governance activities, the top executives' predominant roles in the organizations' operations and their interrelationship with the boards, and the boards' most common meeting agenda topics. Findings – The findings prove that governance models in NPSO are mostly driven by Agency Theory (52 percent of the sample). Stewardship and Resource Dependence Theories also contribute to existing governance models (28 percent), while some of the organizations have developed Hybrid Models (20 percent) drawing from the various theories. Research limitations/implications – The limited number of organizations participating in the research does not allow a generalization. However the diversity of organization types and sizes within the scope do provide a panoramic view of the not-for-profit service sector. Practical implications – Having proved that there is a crossover of governance practices among For-Profit and Not-for Profit Organizations, this research opens the door to the evaluation of many other existing or potential crossovers in governance and other management elements. Originality/value – This research is novel in its approach to look for similarities rather than differences between For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations. The approach allows both sectors to learn from each other and seek for fresh improvement alternatives.

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Sarros, James C., Brian K. Cooper, and Joseph C. Santora. "Leadership vision, organizational culture, and support for innovation in not‐for‐profit and for‐profit organizations." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 32, no. 3 (May 10, 2011): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437731111123933.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among leadership vision, organizational culture, and support for innovation in not‐for‐profit (NFP) and FP organizations. It hypothesizes that in NFPs, a socially responsible cultural orientation mediates the relationship between leadership vision and organizational support for innovation, whereas in FPs, a competitive cultural orientation mediates this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis is an empirical study that draws upon a large survey of 1,448 managers and senior executives who are members of the Australian Institute of Management.FindingsPath analytic modelling provides partial support for the hypotheses. Although the predicted mediation effects occurred in NFPs and FPs, the strength of relationship between leadership vision and the two dimensions of organizational culture did not differ between the sectors. This was despite the observation that NFPs scored higher on a socially responsible cultural orientation than FPs, whereas FPs scored higher on a competitive cultural orientation.Practical implicationsStrategies for building innovative and sustainable organizations in the NFP sector are discussed on the basis of these findings.Originality/valueThe paper describes the first study in Australia that compares the responses of NFP and FP managers on leadership and related constructs, and provides evidence of the impact of organizational culture on leadership and innovation in these two sectors.

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Kummer, Tyge-F., Kishore Singh, and Peter Best. "The effect of fraud on risk management in not-for-profit organizations." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 1 (2014): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c7p4.

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Not-for-Profit (NFP) organizations have specific organizational characteristics as their objectives are ethically motivated and trust is indispensable. Additionally, NFP organizations are often small sized and do not have the expertise to prevent fraud. As a result, an effective risk management is of substantial importance. We use survey data from NFP organizations in Australia and New Zealand (N = 652) to identify factors that influence fraud prevention strategies. Our findings indicate that organizations that have not experienced fraud rely partially on ineffective prevention measures. The occurrence of fraud seems to trigger a learning process that leads to a more sophisticated understanding of internal controls and a more suitable risk management. Our results are applicable to support fraud prevention strategies and are highly relevant for practitioners

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Strang, Kenneth David. "Strategic analysis of CSF’s for not-for-profit organizations." Measuring Business Excellence 22, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 42–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-07-2016-0035.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze how strategic planning is used as critical success factors (CSF’s) in not-for-profit (NFP) organizations. This was because many nonprofits had to innovate their operations owing to the global fiscal crises, the continuing international economic instability, natural disasters or the increasing man-made worldwide terrorism. Additionally, the objective is to identify what successful nonprofit organizations actually do to remain effective at the national association level of analysis. Design/methodology/approachA constructivist research design ideology is applied (in contrast to the customary positivist philosophy to collect quantitative). The literature is critically reviewed to identify NFP CSF’s and terms such as capacity building. NFP institutions are theoretically sampled using US-based retrospective data to identify practitioner CSF activities. Applying a constructivist research design ideology, the theoretical CSF’s from the literature review are compared to practitioner activities. Representatives of NFP organizations are invited to participate in a strategic planning exercise to identify the most important CSF’s from the literature and practice that would be needed in the future. FindingsSeven of the nine United Nations NFP capacity building CSF’s are similar to NFP nine practitioner best practices. In comparison to the general literature, NFP practitioners applied leadership, strategic planning, innovation, documented procedures/training, human/technology resource management, financial management, accountability practices, ethical standards with professional communications policies, collaborative fundraising and marketing initiatives along with performance success evaluations. Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was drawn theoretically from 44 nonprofit state-centered institutions in the USA. Although statistically the results pertain strictly to US-based nonprofits, the principles should generalize to other countries as revealed by the similarity with United Nations innovation and strategic planning recommendations. Originality/valueThe authors applied a strategic planning exercise with the 44 participants at their recommendations to prioritize the CSF’s. The result was an innovative SWOT-TOWS diagram that summarized how the nine CSF’s were prioritized and grouped into the three categories of market performance, ethical responsibility and human resources.

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Dostie, Benoit, and Mohsen Javdani. "Not for the Profit, But for the Training? Gender Differences in Training in the For‐Profit and Non‐Profit Sectors." British Journal of Industrial Relations 58, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 644–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12531.

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Young, Suzanne, and Tina Karme. "Service learning in an Indigenous not-for-profit organization." Education + Training 57, no. 7 (September 14, 2015): 774–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-04-2014-0041.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of how service learning pedagogy assists in student and organizational learning. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use case study reflection and ethnography approaches. Findings – The key to the success of the internship was time spent on relationship building between the parties, clear documentation of roles and responsibilities, the selection and matching process and open communication between all parties. Using Mezirow’s (1991) transformational learning approach, and Kolb’s (1984) learning framework, it demonstrates an example of perspective transformation where the “unfamiliar” helps participants to question the “familiar”; through embedding learning in relation to culture, values, ownership and identity. Service learning relies on collaborative pedagogy where reflection and relationships with community and educators provide a platform to test students’ values and moral reasoning and build community cultural understanding. Research limitations/implications – The paper includes a single case study and autoethnographic research methodology only. Practical implications – Community-learning activities supplement the course content and embeds learning, broadening the students’ experiences, providing them with an understanding of context, and dealing with complexity to question their own cultural values. In practical terms it provides students with different career opportunities such as in the not-for-profit sector or in advocacy work. Service learning pedagogy enhances graduate capabilities, across many areas including problem solving, values development and community engagement and thinking of the other. Originality/value – The paper reports on and analyses the learning of a service learning internship between a business school and an Indigenous organization. The paper uses a reflection methodology and is written by the University internship co-ordinator (teacher) and an international student intern, whilst drawing on reflections of the Indigenous leader of the not-for-profit organization.

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R.T. White, Gareth, Matthew Lomax, and Glenn Parry. "The implementation of an environmental management system in the not-for-profit sector." Benchmarking: An International Journal 21, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-11-2012-0073.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the implementation of the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) in a non-profit, small-to-medium sized-enterprise (SME) in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – A four-year participatory action research study is made upon knowledge transfer partnerships between the University of the West of England and the Royal Bath and West Society. Findings – Through the adoption of EMAS, the organisation was able to identify operational improvements as well as make significant efforts to improve its environmental performance, reducing its carbon footprint by 30 tCO2e per annum and gaining new business. Research limitations/implications – The study is made upon a single not-for-profit organisation in the UK. Practical implications – It presents the costs, benefits and challenges that the organisation faced. Techniques that were used to successfully manage the environmental management systems (EMS) development are also discussed. The investigation identifies deficiencies in the materials that are provided to support companies that are seeking EMAS certification. To improve the uptake of these EMS and assist companies in their successful pursuit of ISO 14001 and EMAS, this supporting documentation requires enhancement. Originality/value – There has been relatively little empirical research around the development and benefits of organisational EMS. Even less has focussed upon the specific constraints and opportunities that face non-profit organisations when implementing EMAS. This paper addresses this gap, identifying its costs and tangible benefits.

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Euske, K. J. "Public, private, not‐for‐profit: everybody is unique?" Measuring Business Excellence 7, no. 4 (December 2003): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683040310509250.

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Crompton, Gerald, and Robert Jupe. "Network Rail – forward or backward? Not-for-profit in British transport." Business History 49, no. 6 (November 2007): 908–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076790701710423.

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Töyli, J., S. O. Hansén, and R. Smeds. "Plan for profit and achieve profit: lessons learnt from a business management simulation." Production Planning & Control 17, no. 6 (September 2006): 584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537280600866686.

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Brennan, Jason. "For-Profit Business as Civic Virtue." Journal of Business Ethics 106, no. 3 (August 21, 2011): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0998-3.

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Aib, Issam, and Raouf Boutaba. "On Leveraging Policy-Based Management for Maximizing Business Profit." IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 4, no. 3 (December 2007): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2007.021104.

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Paul, Jomon A., Benedikt Quosigk, and Leo MacDonald. "Factors Impacting Market Concentration of Not-for-Profit Hospitals." Journal of Business Ethics 154, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3477-7.

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Alberti, Fernando G., and Mario A. Varon Garrido. "Can profit and sustainability goals co-exist? New business models for hybrid firms." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-12-2015-0124.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss hybrid organizations whose business models blur the boundary between for-profit and nonprofit worlds. With the aim of understanding how hybrid organizations have developed commercially viable business models to create positive social and environmental change, the authors contend that hybrids are altering long-held business norms and conceptions of the role of the corporation in society. Building on an analysis of the most updated literature on hybrid organizations and with the use of case study approach, the purpose of this paper is to derive managerial lessons that traditional businesses may apply to innovate their business models. Design/methodology/approach This paper has a practical focus to help organizations to develop successful business strategies and design innovative business models. It applies emerging thinking on hybrid business models to provide new insights and ideas on the use of business models as tools for innovating and delivering value. To comply with this, first, the authors discuss the distinctive characteristics of hybrids and the hybrid business model through a concise but comprehensive review of all the literature on hybrid organization, which is still very recent. Second, we relied on a short case study that introduces information technology and digital innovation as the premises of the emergence of a new hybrid business model that adds additional elements to traditional business managers on how to learn from hybrid organizations’ avenues to innovate their business models. Findings In this paper, the authors aimed to shed light on the management of any organization or initiative that aims to embrace multiple and competing yet potentially synergistic goals, as is increasingly the case in modern corporations. Spotting hidden complementarities of antagonistic assets can be arduous, time-consuming, costly and risky, but businesses driven by innovation may want to keep a close eye on the expanding hybrid sector as a source of future entrepreneurial opportunities. To this regard, hybrid social ventures have the potential to shed light on ways to innovate traditional business models. The essence of studying hybrids is that firms may learn how to innovate their business models in ways that go beyond current conceptualizations, making their mission profitable, rather than making profit their only mission! The research design (literature analysis and case study) allowed the authors to disentangle different innovative business models that hybrids suggest highlight strengths and weaknesses of such business models, understand strategies and capabilities associated with hybrids and transpose all these lessons learned to traditional business managers who constantly struggle for innovation. Research limitations/implications The main implication is that hybrid organizations may serve as incubators for new practices that can gain scale and impact by infusion into existing corporations. The authors can assist to a process of “hybridization” of incumbent firms, pushing the boundaries of corporate sustainability efforts toward strategies in which profit and social purpose share more equal footing. Practical implications Firms interested in benefiting from antagonistic assets that can have a dramatic impact on their business model innovation may want to consider some lessons: firms can attempt to build antagonistic assets into their mission, asking themselves what activities they can undertake with the potential to create (or erode) social, environmental and economic value and how these activities might be mediated by the context/environment in which they operate; they can partner with hybrids to benefit from them and absorb competencies from them, so to increase their likelihood to generate value-creating activities and to impact on wider range of stakeholders, including funders, partners, beneficiaries and communities; they can mimic hybrids on how to innovate their business model through the use of the “deliberate resource misfit” dynamic capability, mitigating negative impacts and trade-offs and maximizing positive value spillovers, both for the firms themselves and for the community. Social implications Sharing know-how with hybrids opens up to ways to innovate business models, and hybrids are much more open to sharing lessons and encouraging others to copy their approaches in a genuine open innovation approach. Originality/value The main lesson businesses can take away from studying hybrids is that antagonistic assets – and not only profitable complementary ones, as the resource-based view would suggest – do not have to be a burden on profits. Hybrids ground their strategy first and foremost on their beneficiaries, thus dealing with a bundle of antagonistic assets. The primary objective of hybrids is thus to find imaginative ways of generating profits from their given resources rather than acquiring the resources that generate the highest profit. Profit is the ultimate goal of traditional businesses’ mission, but by making profit their only mission, firms risk missing out on the hidden opportunities latent in antagonistic assets. Learning from hybrids about how to align profits and societal impact may be a driver of long-term competitive advantage.

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Appelbaum, Deniz, Stephen Kozlowski, Miklos A. Vasarhelyi, and Joel White. "Designing CA/CM to fit not-for-profit organizations." Managerial Auditing Journal 31, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-10-2014-1118.

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Purpose – The purpose of this project is to undertake continuous auditing and monitoring (CA/CM) implementations working with small-to-medium-sized (SME) not-for-profit (NFP) organizations of varying sizes, business purposes and levels of technical sophistication. Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses a project using a case study approach with an SME NFP entity. Findings – The findings support the discussions in the literature regarding CA/CM adoption in organizations, particularly regarding its implementation benefits and challenges. Research limitations/implications – The project is not complete in that additional case studies could possibly offer additional applicability to the findings. Practical implications – This case study illustrates the issues inherent with the process of adopting new technologies. It provides insights for others considering adoption of CA/CM tools or protocols. Social implications – The need for more reliable auditing has never been more urgent than it is today in the NFP environment, and this case study demonstrates how an NFP could address these critical needs of increased reporting accountability and internal controls. Originality/value – The application of CA/CM is quite interesting and relevant in this modern real-time economy. This case study provides a new area of research in the field of CA/CM and, as such, contributes to the literature.

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Larson, Paul D., and Ron McLachlin. "Supply chain integration under chaotic conditions: not-for-profit food distribution." International Journal of Procurement Management 4, no. 3 (2011): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpm.2011.040372.

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Dobni, Christopher, and Mark Klassen. "Innovation Orientation and Performance in the Not-for-profit Sector." International Journal of Business Innovation and Research 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbir.2020.10025595.

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Klassen, Mark, C. Brooke Dobni, and Veronica Neufeldt. "Innovation orientation and performance in the not-for-profit sector." International Journal of Business Innovation and Research 23, no. 4 (2020): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbir.2020.111769.

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Chan, Grace Suk Ha, and Basak Denizci Guillet. "A New Revenue Management Framework for Hong Kong Travel Agencies." Journal of Management and Sustainability 6, no. 3 (August 30, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v6n3p57.

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<p>Today’s highly unpredictable and competitive global environment has had profound effects on the travel industry. Higher operational costs and reduced profit margins have caused many Hong Kong travel agencies go out of business altogether, the profit margins of Hong Kong travel agencies are shrinking. As this sector shares many features with traditional revenue management (RM) users such as the airline and hotel industries, travel agencies have the potential to enhance revenue by incorporating RM techniques into their businesses. Most travel agencies sell product on behalf of suppliers, and do not own or control their inventories. The adoption of RM techniques could optimize the financial health of travel agencies by freeing them from dependence on commissions. This study presents a RM framework formulated specifically for travel agents. It provides a deterministic model for the business operations of travel agencies.</p>

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Manville, G. "Implementing a balanced scorecard framework in a not for profit SME." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 56, no. 2 (January 23, 2007): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410400710722653.

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White, G. R. T., P. Samson, R. Rowland‐Jones, and A. J. Thomas. "The implementation of a quality management system in the not‐for‐profit sector." TQM Journal 21, no. 3 (April 24, 2009): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542730910953040.

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Lancioni, Dick, and John Gattorna. "PRICING FOR PROFIT." Management Research News 16, no. 7 (July 1993): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028319.

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Mukerjee, Swati, and Ann Dryden Witte. "Provision of child care: Cost functions for profit-making and not-for-profit day care centers." Journal of Productivity Analysis 4, no. 1-2 (June 1993): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01073471.

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Shehu, Blerim. "MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801335s.

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This topic describes the concept and role of leadership, discusses what happens when a leader shows more or less leadership than it is, and explores the power of leadership morality. Leaders are fucused in people and how to increase future profit rate for future projects. They often demand from others. Leadership is related to the risks that can be taken and the rewards that may come from them. Focusing on a broader aspect, leaders inspire others, give ideas and raise morals to others. Leadership is merely the exercise of authority to guide the work of others, so the leader is the one who encourages others to follow him to achieve the goals set out beforehand. So they have the interpersonal power as an ability to influence the behavior of other people. Leadership is raising the vision of people in the highest horizon, raising their performance at the highest standard, building their personality beyond normal limits. Leaders are like front captains who not only inspire their soldiers with physical presence, but also command a proper attack from supporting weapons and exhibit a high degree of bravery and are not afraid of attacking the enemy. The leader is transformed into worth of honesty, takes the calculated risk and worries workers and consumers.

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Holland, Peter. "HRM in mission-driven organisations: managing people in the not-for-profit sector." Asia Pacific Business Review 24, no. 3 (January 19, 2018): 408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2018.1423733.

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Dawson, Ian, and Alison Dunn. "Governance Codes of Practice in the Not-for-Profit Sector." Corporate Governance: An International Review 14, no. 1 (January 2006): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2006.00482.x.

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José Chiappetta Jabbour, Charbel, and Fernando César Almada Santos. "Problems associated with voluntary work in a small not‐for‐profit organization." Management Research News 32, no. 10 (September 11, 2009): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170910994132.

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Carlsen, Jack, and Tommy D. Andersson. "Strategic SWOT analysis of public, private and not‐for‐profit festival organisations." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2011): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17582951111116632.

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LEVYTSKA, Inna. "REVENUE MANAGEMENT IN HOTEL BUSINESS." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 5 (45) (May 2019): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-5-12.

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The article defines the most effective methods of managing hotel revenues and methods of their use, which in turn will create competitive advantages and make the sale of hotel services stable, and the activity of hotel enterprises more profitable. The concept of Revenue management in the hotel business is disclosed, which is a technology that determines the best price for hotel room on the basis of demand forecasting, that is, the sale of the necessary number to the client at the right moment at the right price. The basic pricing objectives of the hotel company have been developed, which should not be considered separately, but should be in line with the marketing strategy of the enterprise development. Interdependence of the level of loading of hotel rooms from the reduction of prices is determined. The obtained data testify that the price reduction even by 1% requires an increase in loading of hotel rooms by almost 1% to cover losses as a result of income reduction. The goal of the pricing strategy, aimed at achieving the goals as the services to be offered, are proposed, hotels are trying to outdo competitors by maximizing the quality of services. The principles, which should be used by hotel companies that master flexible pricing methods from the point of view of marketing complex: the choice of pricing policy should be closely related to the positioning of the hotel company services; A correlation of the pricing strategy with the definition of the stage of the life cycle, on which the hotel product is located, is very important for the process of formation of prices. The mechanism of calculation of sales prices for hotel services is offered. These approaches should be considered in the pricing policies of the hotel company, depending on the services they provide. The stages of the analysis are determined: market research, hotel product life cycle, task setting of pricing depending on the goals of the hotel company, determination of the marginal range of price fluctuations, determination of the most optimal range of prices. Analysis of prices and range of competitors' services, choice of method of pricing, adjustment of the basic price level, establishment of the final price. The method of "discriminatory pricing" is described and examples of the use of this method are given. The concept of "Price discrimination" is defined, which is a useful tool for smoothing the supply and demand, providing additional income and profit to most hospitality establishments. This method of pricing uses reductions / increases in prices to attract additional customers and revenue without lowering / raising prices for all. A detailed description of the multiplier effect method used in the calculation of prices. The essence of the multiplier method is to calculate the multiplier, which shows how many times the dependent factor (profit) increases or decreases if the independent factor is changed to one. The calculation of the budget based on the multiplicative method in the hotel "Ramada Lviv" was carried out. The number of indicators given in the calculations may increase depending on the specifics of the enterprise. Constant costs are the sum of personnel costs, operating costs, management, depreciation, etc., each of which is considered as an independent factor of impact on profits. Variable costs depend on the volume of goods turnover; therefore, they should include such expenses as additional wages, production raw materials, related and consumable materials. It is characterized by a revenue management system in a hotel that requires a reliable database. A good revenue management system will benefit the hotel and customer. Cost-effectiveness factors (fixed costs of fixed assets and operating costs, variable costs of services) have a completely different range of actions than market-oriented factors (price, cost of services, loading of numbers, etc.). It is determined that for hotels, comparing the influence of various factors on profit, it can be argued that the impact of trade turnover is more significant than the impact of costs. An estimation of the importance of the factors that create the multiplicative effect, which was ranked, depending on their impact on profit. It was found that prices, which are in close connection with all elements of the marketing complex, determine the profitability of the hotel company, its life cycle and financial stability. At the same time, the choice of pricing methods and pricing policies largely depends on the goals and strategies of the hotel company in the selected segment of the market. The proposed mechanism for calculating the sale price of a hotel company is based on a multiplicative method, which includes: the definition of key indicators that affect the profit, including prices; calculation of profit when changing these indicators; estimation of the importance of the impact on the profit of each selected indicator; the choice of the most appropriate variant of profit. The development of market relations in Ukraine and in advanced economies is somewhat similar, therefore, the generalization and dissemination of the best foreign and domestic income management experience based on marketing will improve the efficiency of the hotel industry. Prospects for further research are the development of new strategies aimed at gaining market share, improving hotel services, increasing consumer demand through the interaction of factors of price and quality, promotion of the brand, introduction of new forms of management, including franchising and management contracts, electronic sales of hotels services.

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Maltz, Arnold, Elliot Rabinovich, and Rajiv Sinha. "Order management for profit on the Internet." Business Horizons 48, no. 2 (March 2005): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2004.10.012.

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Macpherson, Malcolm. "Performance measurement in not‐for‐profit and public‐sector organisations." Measuring Business Excellence 5, no. 2 (June 2001): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683040110397220.

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Davenport, Jeremy, and Paul D. Gardiner. "Performance Management in the Not-for-Profit Sector with Reference to the National Trust for Scotland." Total Quality Management & Business Excellence 18, no. 3 (May 2007): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14783360601152517.

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Dat, Nguyen Duy, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Ly Lan Yen, Nguyen Tien Dung, and Pham Minh Dat. "Plans for better business performance of Sony in Japan - and suggestions for management and financial accounting transparency." Management 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0050.

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Abstract Through years Sony In Japan has shown success in bringing to the market high quality products, and via technical inventions. Today risk management is one of vital issues in Sony to maintain its reputation in global markets. The purpose of this study is to find out impacts of economic factors at macro level on net profit of a big technological giant like Sony. We found that movement of net profit in big firms such as Sony will reflect the business health of technology system and the whole economy. The results of quantitative research, in a seven factor model, show that the increase in inflation, GDP (increasing too much) and lending rate and reducing risk free rate has a significant effect on reducing Sony net profit with the highest impact coefficient, the second is decreasing the exchange rate. Last but not least, this study proposes risk management solutions and business management plans to lower business risks, cost and enhance its net profit.

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Strakova, Lenka. "Earnings management in global background." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207401032.

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Earnings management is a general term in accounting decisions that may affect the results of the financial statements. Financial statements represent the core of information is used not only by internal but also external entities. Their role is to provide a true picture of the financial situation and the performance of a particular business in an international environment. In practice, however, there may be opportunities to influence accounting information using a variety of methods and techniques, and as a result, the financial statements lose their function and misrepresent the accounting data, resulting in profit manipulation. Profit manipulation is also dealt with by the phenomenon of earnings management, which is a topical topic in the world of finance in the international environment. This is a very complex and multifaceted phenomenon occurring in companies, irrespective of their territory, area of business or size. Several profit models are used to measure and detect earnings management, whose detection capability varies. This paper focuses on the selection of profit models according to individual forms of earnings management and the assessment of variable profit models in the V4 countries.

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O’Boyle, Ian. "Performance management and the balanced scorecard in the modern non-profit organisation." Corporate Board role duties and composition 7, no. 1 (2011): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv7i1art4.

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Performance management is a process that has been used in the for-profit business environment for many years and has had significant benefit for that sector. As the not for- profit organisation enters new dimensions of competitiveness, increased professionalism and a call for greater transparency, the utility of a performance management approach within the not for profit environment and its potential benefit for such an organisation is explored. The application and appropriateness of the balanced scorecard as a measurement tool is analyzed within the article and it becomes apparent that such a tool can have a direct impact on the performance of the modern not for-profit entity.

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Johnson Jorgensen, Jennifer, Diane Masuo, Linda Manikowske, and Yoon Lee. "The Reciprocal Involvement of Family Business Owners and Communities in Business Success." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104048.

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It is believed that highly involved business owners and community members will yield benefits to ensure business and community sustainability over time. However, little research has delved into understanding the role of business owners’ involvement and the community’s involvement in business outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the reciprocal involvement of family business owners and the community. To investigate this phenomenon, this study utilized survey data from a rare group of business owners who currently operate long-standing businesses. Results indicate that more involved business owners perceived higher levels of business success. When seeking a profit, business owners also tended to be more involved in the community than owners not seeking a profit. However, family-owned businesses felt that the community did not contribute to their businesses and did not stay involved over time. Overall, business owners felt that they contributed more than the community provided in return. Recommendation is made to stress in entrepreneurship curricula the importance of reciprocal involvement between businesses and their communities and vice versa to promote business and community sustainability over time.

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Panda, Debadutta K. "Competitive dynamics in not-for-profit organizations: evidence from India." Asia Pacific Journal of Management 36, no. 4 (June 11, 2019): 1251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09666-0.

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Rifa'i, Moh. "STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PROFIT USAHA RITEL PADA PONDOK PESANTREN." PROFIT: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 4, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/profit.v4i2.1635.

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Increasing retail business profit is the main goal in trading business management. The implication is to contribute to the welfare and development of other retail businesses. However, not all managers can focus on increasing profits for the retail businesses they manage. Many of these efforts are just running away but have not met the required targets, due to various reasons that have developed. Of course, in this case it is necessary to find a solution by learning through research in order to find effective and efficient strategies to do in increasing retail business profits.This study aims to describe the strategy to increase retail business profit at MJ Swalayan at Al-Mashduqiah Kraksaan Islamic Boarding School, Probolinggo. The research approach is qualitative with the type of case study. Using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation as data collection techniques. While the data analysis technique applied is the Miles and Huberman model using data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and data verification. By testing the validity of the data through credibility with the source triangulation technique.The results show that in order to increase retail business profit, MJ Swalayan management uses the following strategies; recruitment and selection of Professional HR, implementing SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for retail services, implementing controlling, ideal merchandising, completing merchandise, establishing cooperation, implementing automatic retail and wholesale pricing systems, implementing low pricing determination, FGC (Focus Group Discussion) on a regular basis , and direct response and problem solving.

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Naidoo, Vik, and Terry Wu. "Innovations in marketing of higher education: Foreign market entry mode of not-for-profit universities." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 29, no. 6 (June 30, 2014): 546–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-07-2013-0153.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the innovations in the international activities of not-for-profit (NFP) universities. While the entry mode literature is well addressed, particularly by international marketing and business scholars, an academically interesting and managerially relevant question relates to the applicability of extant research to the emerging phenomenon of internationalization in the NFP sector. Design/methodology/approach – Using an inductive constructivist qualitative methodology grounded in 12 case studies of internationalization in the NFP education sector, this study applies Dunning’s eclectic framework as its theoretical anchor. Findings – This study identified that entry mode choice in the NFP context may not always be reconciled with extant literature derived mostly from a for-profit context. In particular, the broader definition of offshore equity investment is in sharp contrast to previous entry mode research which is largely, if not exclusively, grounded in a for-profit context. Originality/value – Extant frameworks developed to explain the entry mode phenomena tend to assume a profit maximization philosophy. The propositions advocated in this study are a step further to develop our understanding of internationalization of NFP universities.

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Silver, Natalie. "Matthew Harding (ed.), Research Handbook on Not-for-Profit Law." VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 30, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00109-4.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Not-for-profit business and management'

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