Relevant bibliographies by topics / Not-for-profit business and management

Academic literature on the topic 'Not-for-profit business and management'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Not-for-profit business and management"

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Schiff, Jerald, and Walter Powell. "Not-for-Profit." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 7, no. 3 (1988): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3323740.

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O’Boyle, Ian. "Corporate governance applicability and theories within not-for-profit sport management." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 2 (2012): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c3art3.

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This paper examines the role of corporate governance in non-profit sport organisations. Governance within the traditional business environment is a crucial issue for the ultimate success or failures of an entity. This study analyses if the structures and systems of governance within traditional business can be transferred to a sport organisation. The various governance theories are examined to assess their applicability within a sport organisation and the role of the board is also analyzed within the study. Finally, this paper examines areas of conflict which may arise relating to governance and concludes by offering a best practice approach to this integral issue within any modern sport organisation.
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Goel, Rajeev K. "Research by Not-for-Profit Enterprises." Journal of Technology Transfer 29, no. 2 (April 2004): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jott.0000019539.05696.16.

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Wilson, Meg. "Research by Not-for-Profit Enterprises." Journal of Technology Transfer 29, no. 2 (April 2004): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jott.0000019712.44342.bd.

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McLachlin, Ron, Paul D. Larson, and Soaleh Khan. "Not‐for‐profit supply chains in interrupted environments." Management Research News 32, no. 11 (October 2, 2009): 1050–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170910998282.

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Birdsall, William, Robert D. Vinter, and Rhea Kish. "Budgeting for Not-for-Profit Organizations." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 4, no. 4 (1985): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3323818.

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Budiman, Budiman. "Profit Management and Islamic Business Ethics." International Journal of Islamic Khazanah 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijik.v10i2.12032.

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Financial reports are important elements in economics, so that a rule is formed in the financial reporting process called General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The aim is to unify financial reporting and financial reporting for each business entity in a country to facilitate the auditing process for fairness in reporting. This study will discuss earnings management in terms of Islamic ethics. The research method uses the literature review method concerning Islam's references and matters relating to profit management and Islamic business ethics. In this study, it can be seen that the behavior of a manager towards profit management by manipulating profit figures on paper is not following what is instructed by Islamic teachings and the basic laws of various types of muamalah are permissible until arguments are found that prohibit them.
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Massingham, Peter, Rada Massingham, and Alan Pomering. "Designing a Knowledge Management System for Social Services Not-For-Profit Organisations." International Journal of Knowledge Management 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkm.2018070105.

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This article discusses knowledge management system design for SSNFPOs. The transfer of best practice knowledge management to SSNFPOs is not easy. SSNFPOs have different strategies and ways of doing business compared to ‘for-profit' organisations. Sector reforms in disability services, aged care, and child services in Australia threaten to disrupt social value as new for-profit rivals enter and pursue economic value. In response, the case study organisation (CSO) has been working with the research team to consider how knowledge management might help it become a stronger organisation and ensure its survival and growth in the reformed sector. The research was informed by discussions involving the CSO's management and the research team over an 18 month period. A general framework for designing knowledge management for SSNFPOs was developed. It involves six theoretical platforms, along with problems associated with theory and practice, how knowledge management may address these problems, and measures of impact.
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Ghosh, Koustab. "Benevolent leadership in not-for-profit organizations." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 5 (July 6, 2015): 592–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-12-2013-0164.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships among the welfare constituents of benevolent leadership, ethical climate, and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) by examining the direct as well as the indirect impacts of benevolent leadership constructs on OCB mediated through the ethical work climate (EWC). Design/methodology/approach – The data analysis for managerial responses obtained from eight not-for-profit organizations established that ethical sensitivity, spiritual wisdom, positive engagement, and community responsiveness as the welfare elements of benevolent leadership significantly influenced OCB both as proximal and distal outcome through the mediating effect of EWC found in the organizations. Findings – This study substantiated the point that the welfare orientation exhibited by top and senior management as the core of benevolent leadership behaviour in not-for-profit organizations influenced the EWC and OCB among the organizational members that in turn would enable them to meaningfully engage themselves with the socially relevant projects and community development activities. Originality/value – The application of benevolent leadership scale in not-for-profit organizations established its predictive validity in relation to ethical climate and OCB.
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Siekelova, Anna, Maria Kovacova, Peter Adamko, and Vojtech Stehel. "Profit Management as an Instrument for SMEs Developing: the Case for Slovakia." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2019): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.3-22.

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The goal of the business should reflect its efforts to achieve a certain future state. Classical economic theories emphasize the achievement of profit as a fundamental goal of business. Modern theories consider gaining profit as one of the basic motivating factors. In practice, we distinguish several profit categories that are described in our contribution. The effort of businesses is detection of indicators that help enterprises to generate profit. In our contribution, we focused on the analysis of the profitability of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as on the identification of indicators that significantly influence the rate of profit. In our research we worked with a sample of 9,500 Slovak small and medium-sized enterprises. It was primarily a limited liability company with domestic ownership. We mainly focused on this type of businesses because many authors emphasize the irreplaceable role of small and medium-sized enterprises in countries' economies. Small and medium-sized enterprises play a very important role not only in Slovakia but also in the global economy. The significantly influence the creation of hundreds of jobs, regional development or a high percentage of GDP. Approximately 98% of enterprises in the Slovak Republic fall into the category of small and medium-sized enterprises. For their functioning, it is very important to have the capital that they inevitably need, either for the start of business as such, for development. However, these type of businesses does not always have easy access to financing, especially in the case of bank loan financing. Profit for SMEs is a very important internal source of funding. The aim of our paper is profit analysis and identification of the main profit-taking indicators. The analysis of the profitability was conducted by using methods of descriptive statistics. Based on the studied literature, we selected individual profit categories as basic indicators of profitability as well as selected indicators of profitability that are defined below. Pearson's correlation coefficient and the one-way ANOVA were used to examine the relationship between the selected indicators and achieved profit. Graphs and charts are used to clear the processing of the results of our research. Keywords: ANOVA, cash management, earnings before interest and taxes, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net operating profit after tax, earnings before interest after taxes, Pearson correlation coefficient.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Not-for-profit business and management"

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Armagnac, Wendy Bowers. "A study of effective supervisor/employee communication in a not-for-profit and a for-profit organization." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/630.

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This study examines effective supervisor/employee communication in a not-for-profit and a for-profit organization using qualitative research methods. Several studies have researched effective supervisor/employee communication at the quantitative level, but there is little qualitative research on this topic or on the four specific factors of effective communication: trust, listening, feedback and emotional intelligence and the impact on a group. The responses to in-depth interviews of supervisors and employees from a not-for-profit and a for-profit organization identified the overall impact the four factors had on supervisor/employee communication and the organizational communication system as a whole. The study found that three of the four key factors of effective supervisor/employee communication in the workplace were consistently ranked very high: trust, listening, and feedback. The fourth factor, emotional intelligence, did not rank high in awareness or importance. Five major findings emerged from the study. First, the three of the four factors, trust, listening, and feedback, rated high in both organizations. Second, effective supervisor/employee communication impacted organizational communication and climate significantly; hence, an organization, no matter what the purpose or structure, must create a positive organizational climate to maintain and retain employee relationships. Third, the organizational structures of not-for-profit and for-profit are undergoing a transformation, morphing into a new and unidentified organizational model that has yet to be clearly studied or identified, which incorporates traits from both. Fourth, the last factor, emotional intelligence, rated low with limited awareness of the term. Fifth, the study uncovers uncertain internal communication climates in both organizations, but exposes a hyper-focus on external and customer satisfaction communication.
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Pham, Anh Ngoc. "CEO Duality and Performance of Not-For-Profit Hospitals." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/525.

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Depending on their needs for enhancing and sustaining their business and market values, some firms choose to operate with a corporate governance structure of CEO duality, in which an executive serves as the CEO and the chairperson of the board of directors. The problem addressed in this study is that past empirical and theoretical studies of the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance of organizations across different industries have generated ambiguous results, and no studies have focused specifically on the relationship between CEO duality and financial performance of not-for-profit hospitals. Based on agency and stewardship theories, and considering that CEO duality's effects on firms' financial performance are contextually specific to each type of industry and dependent on certain industry conditions, the purpose of this quantitative study was to answer 3 research questions that examine the relationship between CEO duality, presence of physicians on governance board, hospital size, hospital age, board size, and financial performance of not-for-profit hospitals. This study used multiple regression analyses of data of financial indicators from 146 U.S. not-for-profit hospitals selected from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database of California, for the period from 2009 to 2012. The results of this study suggested CEO duality and presence of physicians on healthcare governance were not related to financial performance of not-for-profit hospitals. The outcomes of this study can promote positive social change by bringing awareness of appropriate healthcare governance structures that enhance organizational effectiveness and sustain hospitals' charitable missions of provision of community services and transformation of communities and society.
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Singh, Shanta Melina. "An evaluation of the King III report as a governance framework for the not-for-profit sector in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8328.

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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
In June 2009, there were 56 244 not-for-profit organisations registered with the Department of Social Development in South Africa. In addition, there are about 100 000 informal (non-registered) not-for-profit organisations in South Africa. The budget allocation of these organisations varies from R100 thousand to R20 million. The South African not-for-profit sector comprises of three types of organisations, namely the Section 21 companies, trusts and voluntary associations. The Non Profit Organisations Act, No. 71 of 1997, came into effect on 1 September 1998 to assist and guide the not-for-profit sector in improving its governance practices. Globally and in South Africa, we see a shift in the focus of governance in the not-for-profit sector. In 2005, a broad forum of South African organisations, donors and government representatives developed a code of good governance for not-for-profit organisations. The forum focused on the need of profit-motivated organisations to invest in community and social developments that exhibit good governance practices. Corporate governance in South Africa has its foundation in the first King Report of 1994. This report, King I, was the result of the work of a committee, formed to address a code of good practices for corporate governance. Its purpose was to promote the highest standard of governance in South Africa, and it is not enforceable by law. In 2009, the third version of the King Report, King III, was released to enhance the current set of governance practices. In the South African context, the King Report is the key piece of best practices that drives governance in the for-profit sector. The not-for-profit sector in South Africa is transforming and adapting to the changing external environment. There is a requirement to have good governance practices in the sector. The size and nature of the organisation would determine the areas of governance that the organisation would apply. The “apply or explain” principles of King III provide each not-for-profit organisation with the flexibility to apply good governance practices.
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Watt, David Andrew. "Managing without profit? : strategy guidelines for management development." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302806.

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Graber, Matthew E. "Best practices in enhancement deals| Nonprofit and for profit theatrical collaborations." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523329.

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In this paper, presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration/Master of Fine Arts in Theatre Management, I will examine the keys to success for collaboration between nonprofit and commercial theatrical entities in the form of an enhancement deal. I will demonstrate the defining elements of nonprofit and commercial theatrical ventures, define how they collaborate with each other in the form of enhancement deals. Then, based on my research, I will give recommendations for best practices for both parties when approaching an enhancement deal. Finally I will propose what relevance an enhancement project may have for the California Repertory Company.

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Joseph, Mary Claire. "Developing a strategic framework for a non-profit organisation with specific focus on the." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17469.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: All organisations, commercial or nonprofit, are exposed to a highly competitive and uncertain environment which is fuelled by globalisation and technological advancement. Organisations make use of business analytical tools to assist them in the effective management of their organisations. Strategic management in particular, is used as an analytical and decision making tool. The Christian church is by no means excluded from the effects of the changing society due to globalisation, technological advancement and post-modernism. Christianity has been a way of Ufe for many people over the past two millennia; however, there is a growing concern that Christianity is facing extinction. Research and surveys conducted indicate a decline in membership and attendance of worship. The literature reviewed in this research revealed that nonprofits, and in particular religious organisations, are focused primarily on their mission, rather than taking a holistic view of the external and internal environment in making strategic business decisions. This presented an opportunity for a research study on the application of strategic management principles in a church organisation, without compromising the church's mission. The research problem addressed in this report is: Can strategic management techniques and principles applied in business today, successfully be adapted for formulating a strategic framework which will enhance the growth and survival of the Christian Church? An extensive literature review has been undertaken within the field of the strategic management discipline in business and in non-profits. The purpose of the research is aimed at strategic management techniques to be applied to the Christian church. It made sense therefore to gain some understanding of what literature presented with regards to strategic management concepts in churches. Churches are expected to survive amidst a changing society, the church is expected to respond to the needs of its members and yet remain true to its mission. A number of issues which need v consideration when making strategic decisions have been addressed. These include: postmodernism and its challenges, public trust, leadership, volunteerism, money, culture, diversity, structures and systems. A strategic framework was applied to test its usefulness as a tool in the church. Elements of the framework entail the strategic intent which embodies the vision, mission, goals and objectives of the organisation. The internal and external environment in which the organisation exists, is analysed and the results are integrated to formulate an appropriate strategy. Based on the results of the literature reviewed, the research problem has been answered positively. The scope of the research is non-denominational and does not focus on any specific religious doctrines. Therefore, regardless of beliefs or re li gious convictions the framework provided can effectively be applied by any religious or nonprofit organisation. Although the proposed framework could be applied to multiple religious trad itions, the focus is on the Christian church and some examples are uniquely Christian. Ultimately it is intended that the adopted framework enhances the ability of Christian churches to grow from strength to strength. Working within the framework presented does not guarantee the success of the church but it will provide a structure for management's decision making. The need for flexibility within the framework must be recognised and appreciated. The research report is exploratory in nature and reviews existing knowledge to prepare the way for further research into relationships between strategic management and religious organisations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aile organisasies, hetsy sake-ondernemings of nie-winsgewende assosiasies, word blootgestel aan haogs mededigende en onsekere omgewingsomstandighede wat aangevuur word deur globalisering en te9nologie5e vooruitgang. Organisasies rnaak gebruik van analitiese hulpmiddels om hulp 1e verleen in die doeltreffende bedryfsleiding van hul organisasies. Strategiese bestuur word in die besonder as 'n analitiese- en besluitnemingswerktuig gebruik. Die Christelike kerk bly geensins onaangeraak deur die uitwerking van 'n gemeenskap wat verander weens globalisering, te9nol09ie5e vooruitgang en die nadraai van modernisme. Vir vele mense was Christenskap oor die afgelope twee millennia 'n lewenswyse; desnieteenstaande is daar 'n groeiende besorgdheid dat Christenskap uitwissing in die oe staar. Navorsing en opnames toon 'n afname in lidmaatskap en bywoning aan godsdienste. Die geskrifte wat vir hierdie navorsing bestudeer is, het onthul dat nle-winsgewende, en in die besonder religieuse organisasies, allereerste op hul missie fokus, eerder as om 'n holistiese benadering te neem van die interne en eksterne omgewingsomstandighede, wanneer strategiese ondernemingsbesluite geneem word . Dit het die geleentheid geskep vir navorsing in die toepassing van stategiese bestuursbeginsels in 'n kerk-organisasie, sonder om die kerk se missie in gevaar te stel. Die navorsingsprobleem wat in hierdie verslag aangespreek word, is: Kan die strategiese bestuurstegnieke en -beginsels wat hedendaags in sake-ondernemings toegepas word, suksesvol aangepas word om 'n strategiese raamwerk te formuleer wat die ontwikkeling en oorlewing van die Christel ike kerk sal verhoog? 'n Uitgebreide oorsig van literatuur rakende die terrein van strategiese bestuursbeginsels In sake-ondernemings en nie-winsgewinde assosiasies is onderneem. Die doel van die navorsing was gevestig op strategiese bestuursbeginsels wat op die Christelike kerk toegepas kon word . Dit het dus sin gemaak om ondersoek in te stel oor wat die literatuuf s~ rakende strategiese bestuurskonsepte in kerke. Daar word van die kerk verwag om in 'n veranderende gemeenskap te aorleef, om te reageer op die behoeftes van sy ltdmate en nog steeds getrou te bly aan sy missie. 'n Hele aantal vraagpunte wat oorweging benodig wanneer strategiese besluite geneem word, is aangespreek. Oit sluit in: postmodernisme en sy uitdagings, publieke vertroue, leierskap, vrywillige dienslewering, befondsing, kultuur, diversiteit, strukture en sisteme. 'n Strategiese raamwerk is toegepas om sy bruikbaarheid as 'n werktuig in die kerk te toets. Elemente van hierdie raamwerk bevat die strategiese beweegrede wat die visie, missie, doelwitte en doelstellings van die organisasie omvat. Die interne en eksterne omgewing waarin die organisasie bestaan, is ge-analiseer en die resultate toe ingelyf om 'n gepaste strategie te formuleer. Gegrond op die resultate van die literatuur wat in oorsig geneem was, is die navorsingsprobleem positief beantwoord. Die omvang van die navorsing is nie gekoppel aan kerkverband nie en fokus dus nie op enige spesifieke godsdienstige leerstellings nie. Hierdie raamwerk kan dus ondanks die geloofs-oortuigings en - belydenisse doeltreffend op enige godsdienstige of nie-winsgewende organisasie toegepas word . Alhoewel die voorgestelde raamwerk op veelvuldige religieuse tradisies toegepas kan word, is die fokus op die Christelike kerk en party voorbeelde wat aangehaal word, is uniek aan Christendom. Daar word uiteindelik ten doel gestel dat die aanvaarde raamwerk die vermoe van Christen kerke om van krag tot krag te groei, verhoog. Wanneer daar binne die voorgestelde raamwerk gewerk word, is daar geen waarborg dat die kerk suksesvol sal wees nie, maar dit voorsien wei 'n struktuur vir bestuurslui se besluitneming. Die nodigheid vir buigsaamheid binne die raamwerk moet ook erken en waardeer word.
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Nwambie, Alphonsus I. "Strategies for Pharmacy Managers to Increase Profit by Reducing Prescription Errors." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4877.

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The costs attributed to prescription errors negatively affect the profits of retail pharmacy businesses. The U.S. prescription error rate since 2010 was 0.1%, yet with more than 3.5 billion prescriptions filled annually in the United States, the outcome is more than 3.5 million prescription-dispensing errors and an annual cost of more than $16 billion. Using the performance prism theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies retail pharmacy managers used to increase profit by reducing prescription errors. Using purposeful sampling, 5 retail pharmacy managers in Miami, Florida, were selected as participants because they had implemented strategies to reduce prescription errors. Data were collected using semistructured, face-to-face interviews with 5 pharmacy managers, and company records consisting of quality improvement incident reports, income statements, and balance sheets. Data analysis occurred using methodological triangulation and following Yin's 5-step process of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding the data. The 3 emergent themes were prescription error reducing strategy, profitability improvement strategy through reduced prescription errors, and technology strategy for reducing prescription error. The findings indicated that prescription error reducing strategies are essential for pharmacy managers to increase profits. The implications for positive social change include the potential for retail pharmacy managers to reduce the cost of health care in their communities, prevent prescription error-related hospitalizations and deaths, and improve employment conditions and economic activity in their communities.
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Al-Alawi, Adel Ismail. "Guidelines for the successful development of computerised management information systems in non-profit organisations." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305483.

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Tazlo, Tamas Arpad, and Zain Ul-Abedeen. "Exploring the relationship betweenTacit Knowledge Sharing andSelf-Efficacy : A Study in For-Profit and Non-profit Organizations." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35880.

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Tacit Knowledge Sharing and Self-Efficacy are well developed concepts within the academicfields of Knowledge Management and Social Cognitive Theory. The purpose of the study wasto investigate the antecedents and the relationship between the two concepts in for-profit andnon-profit organisations. The study employed Ipe’s model of knowledge sharing to TacitKnowledge Sharing and Albert Bandura’s contribution to Self-Efficacy. A qualitative studywas conducted and the authors collected data through semi-structured interviews which werelater analysed through a process of content analysis. The findings show that sources ofinformation for self-efficacy judgements can be influenced by the occurrence of TacitKnowledge Sharing. Organisations can benefit from these findings by incorporatingopportunities to share tacit knowledge into their working routines, helping their employeescirculate knowledge and increase their sense of self-efficacy
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Booton, Carol M. "Faculty Members' Lived Experiences With Academic Quality in For-Profit On-Ground Gainful Employment Programs." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577844.

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Academic quality in for-profit vocational (Gainful Employment) programs is a concern for all stakeholders. However, academic quality is not easily defined. The Department of Education's Gainful Employment Rule defines academic quality With a few easily measured metrics such as student retention and job placement rate, despite the fact that academic quality is widely considered to be complex and multidimensional. Gainful Employment standards alone are not adequate to describe academic quality in for-profit vocational programs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to expand understanding of academic quality in on-ground Gainful Employment programs by gathering the lived experiences of faculty who taught in these programs. The study used a phenomenological approach, in which faculty members of two for-profit vocational colleges in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area were interviewed in person. Faculty were recruited using Linkedln groups and e-mail invitations. Systems theory served as the theoretical foundation for the study. The four common systems elements of inputs, processes, outcomes, and institutional environment formed the basis for the research questions. The systems thinking tool of rich pictures was employed to gain deeper insight into the phenomenon of academic quality. Triangulation was accomplished through the comparison of interview data; visual data from the rich pictures; my memos; and institutional Web content and college catalogs. Analysis of the interviews and rich pictures generated 301 attributes, which were organized first by research question, and then by key stakeholder group (faculty, students, administrators, and institution). Ten discernible themes emerged from faculty perceptions of academic quality, categorized according to systems inputs, processes, outcomes, and institutional environment. The conclusion was that academic quality is a multidimensional construct that includes many more attributes than simply student retention or job placement rate. A dynamic model of academic quality incorporating the systems elements of inputs, processes, outcomes, and system environment was proposed, and a composite rich picture was presented. The scope of the research should be expanded to include the perceptions of other stakeholder groups, for example, administrators, students, employers, and taxpayers. Future research should also include other geographical areas and comparisons between for-profit and nonprofit vocational education.

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Books on the topic "Not-for-profit business and management"

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Business thinking in not-for-profit organizations. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publications, 1995.

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Pidgeon, Walter P. The Not-for-Profit CEO. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004.

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Edward J., CPA, CAE McMillan. Not-for-Profit Budgeting and Financial Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2003.

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Henry, Migliore R., ed. Strategic planning for not-for-profit organizations. New York: Haworth Press, 1995.

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McMillan, Edward J. Not-for-profit budgeting and financial management. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.

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Budgeting and financial management handbook for not-for-profit organizations. Washington, DC: American Society of Association Executives, 1994.

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Finkler, Steven A. Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, 2013.

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Leech, D. J. Project management for profit. Chichester, West Sussex: Ellis Horwood, 1990.

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Ruppel, Warren. Not-for-profit audit committee best practices. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

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Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Not-for-profit business and management"

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Boatright, John R. "Ethics and Virtue in the Governance of For-Profit Social Enterprise." In Handbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management, 1–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6729-4_102-1.

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Cardona, Pablo, and Carlos Rey. "What Are Companies For?" In Management by Missions, 51–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83780-8_4.

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AbstractManagement by missions (MBM) starts by asking a fundamental question: What is your company for? It seems reasonable to assume that an organization and its members should have a clear idea of why they exist. In practice, however, that is not always the case. Very often, there is great confusion and conflict of opinion on this point, even within the board of directors or executive committee. In this chapter, we explore this fundamental question first by discussing the role of profit in business (as a mean or an end). Then we propose a specific definition of purpose as the synthesis of the ends of a company. We then introduce the three dimensions of an effective purpose: Authenticity, Coherence and Integrity. Finally, we discuss the relationship between personal and corporate purpose.
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Hu, Weiwei, and Yimeei Guo. "iPad Trademark Dispute: An IPR Management Lesson Not Just for Apple." In Research on Selected China's Legal Issues of E-Business, 165–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44542-6_15.

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Bowman, Cliff, and David Asch. "Not-for-profit organisations." In Strategic Management, 378–400. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18702-7_15.

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Amit, Raphael, and Christoph Zott. "Business Model Innovation Strategy." In Strategic Management, 679–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190090883.003.0038.

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This chapter develops the concept of business model innovation (BMI) strategy, which refers to the choices made by entrepreneurial leaders of incumbents and start-ups, in for-profit and not-for-profit or hybrid organizations, with respect to (1) the design of a new system of activities; (2) the processes, including their antecedents, by which the new activity system is created and implemented; and (3) the management and ongoing adaptation of the new activity system to ensure coherence (i.e., internal, external, and strategic fit) with the objective of sustaining and improving the focal organization’s competitive advantage. This chapter postulates that a BMI perspective has become a prerequisite for transformative innovation, and that entrepreneurial leaders of all firms need a BMI strategy. We also relate BMI strategy to digital platforms and point out distinct capabilities that managers need to hone in this context. Throughout the chapter, numerous important research opportunities in BMI strategy are articulated.
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Kandaiya, Tony, and Meena Chavan. "Shared Value Creation for Sustainability in Not-for-Profit Organisations." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Business Models and Managerial Strategies in the Nonprofit Sector, 17–30. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2537-0.ch002.

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The objective of this chapter is to delineate the sustainability problems encountered by not-for-profit organisations and to explore how these challenges can be can be managed through shared value creation by the stakeholders. Case study-abductive research methodology was adopted to explore stakeholder shared values and sustainability. This method of study is especially useful for trying to test theoretical models by using them in real world situations. Findings revealed that the sustainability strategy in not for profit organizations must be a holistic approach. Such an approach needs to build upon value-creation that is integrated to develop social entrepreneurship and create social capital along the three dimensions which includes innovative, proactive, and risk management behavior. This chapter contributes to the shared value with stakeholders to provide a social enterprise pathway for a not for profit organization to achieve long-term financial sustainability while maintaining the core social mission and objectives.
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Wood, Suzanne J., Cynthia M. LeRouge, Bengisu Tulu, and Joseph Tan. "Revisiting Project Definition/Initiation for Telemedicine Services." In Sustainable Business, 1215–41. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9615-8.ch055.

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Healthcare organizations and stakeholders are profoundly challenged in transiting a telemedicine project into a sustainable telehealth service line. While project management best practices have added values across multiple domains, a knowledge gap exists on informed execution of telehealth best practices. Project definition, or initiation, sets the strategic vision (and plan) for a project. It is the predominant stage in a project. As project initiation hugely defines project success, revisiting this stage for telemedicine may help to inform key actors on ways to achieve an optimal delivery of such services. Indeed, winning telehealth services require well-knitted intra- and inter-organizational collaboration on technology adoption across different organizational arrangements and among key stakeholders. Hence, a model redefining key project initiation components is used to drive our analysis. Drawing from collected data of a multisite telestroke implementation and anchoring on the model's conceptualization, the authors explore in-depth how project initiation can be strategically framed within the telemedicine context. The interpretative findings from the data analysis, with each case surmising a distinct telemedicine business model, provide further insights on the collaborative uptake of telestroke programs. More specifically, the authors extend the analysis through comparative examination of key factors that promote or impede adoption via the lens of five distinct telecare business models: (1) the outsourced model; (2) the alliance model; (3) the not-for-profit private hospital network model; (4) the not-for-profit university sponsored network model; and (5) the for-profit private hospital network model. Together, the insights provided by this contribution will help efforts directed towards contextualizing key elements of project initiation in telemedicine and highlight the alignments of critical factors that can impact future telehealth efforts.
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Sarajoti, Pattarake, Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, Sirimon Treepongkaruna, and Suwongrat Papangkorn. "Sustainability and Corporate Innovation." In Business, Management and Economics. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108457.

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Sustainable development is one of the prominent goals promoted by the United Nations (UN) and identifies innovation as one of the important elements. Therefore, sustainable development is a combination of both developmental and environmental imperatives through innovation, implying a new way of science incorporating the technology integration and social philosophy. This chapter discusses how sustainability creates business opportunities and be counted toward the future investment for the firms. It is the path leading from creative thinking and corporate innovation. Thus, the relationship between corporate innovation and sustainability plays a vital role for firms to gain competitive advantages such as gaining value creation, creating cooperation value with the stakeholders, tapping into new markets and customer segments, and creating a transformational solution. Firms can be sustainable not only by profit maximization, but also address the maximization of the interests’ stakeholders by not causing any impact on nature and environmental resources.
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Craig, Ron, and Detlev Nitsch. "Developing an Online Fleet Management Service." In Electronic Business, 652–68. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch040.

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This case illustrates the new generation of ebusiness ventures made possible by the Internet and enabling information and communication technologies. AlertDriving is a recent Canadian start-up, which has moved through the microbusiness to the small business stage, and aims for continued growth. First-to-market with a Webbased driver training and fleet risk management service, the business combines e-learning, risk management, and e-business. Their new approach replaces traditional methods of classroom and behind-the-wheel driver training and paper-based fleet management systems. Growth has brought both opportunities and challenges to the firm and its two entrepreneurs/brothers. In particular, they face important decisions concerning continuing to grow revenue and profit.
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Calotă, Traian Ovidiu, Sorin-Adrian Robu, Ionica Oncioiu, and Georgiana Burlacu. "The Informational Value of the Profit and Loss Account in Line With International Accounting Standards." In Management Accounting Standards for Sustainable Business Practices, 80–91. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0178-8.ch004.

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In the context of the monitoring of businesses through accounting, the profit and loss account is the component that reflects the performance of the enterprise, that is, the extent to which it has achieved its objectives in terms of profit. In the income statement, there are flows that determine the result, understood in principle as a variation in equity during a financial period. Defining the performance of an enterprise is different, depending on the interest of the users, on the principles, conventions, and accounting rules used to determine the outcome. This is what specialists in the field call accounting policies. This chapter examines the profit and loss statement in the context of scarce and expensive resources, which must be used efficiently. The results show that it is necessary for companies to determine efficiency indicators by comparing the effects obtained with the efforts and the resources consumed by the company and operated by the management.
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Conference papers on the topic "Not-for-profit business and management"

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Hada, Izabela Diana, and Mihaela Maria Mihalcea. "Analysis and Evolution of Profit and Net Profit Margin in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Romania." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/06.

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Profit is considered to be an important source of financing the financial activity of any economic entity. The main purpose of any activity is to make a profit. As a significant part of equity, employees can be remunerated from profit (as part of their profit share) and also shareholders/associations can be also remunerated in the form of distributed dividends. The appreciation of financial performance is closely linked to the ability to make a profit. In this sense, the main purpose of this article is to analyze and describe the evolution of profit and net profit margin, as an indicator of performance appreciation, for economic entities in the field of manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products in Romania. The basis of the analysis is the annual financial statements for a number of 46 entities for the period 1999-2018 (20 years). The results of the research show that, from the point of view of the evolution of the number of entities that register profit, we are witnessing an increase from 12 entities in 1999 to 23 entities in 2018. However, referring to the increase in the number of entities from a total of 17 in 1999 to 46 entities in 2018, we notice that in 2018 only half of them register a profit. The other half falls into the category of less performing entities due to losses. However, after a period of financial decline (2008-2009) we see a gradual increase in profits recorded by economic entities in the pharmaceutical industry in Romania.
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Gaspars-Wieloch, Helena. "On Securities Portfolio Optimization, Preferences, Payoff Matrix Estimation and Uncertain Mixed Decision Making." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. VGTU Technika, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibme.2015.04.

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Securities portfolio optimization has been analysed so far on the assumption that the estimation of the probability distribution concerning future rates of return is possible thanks to historical data. However, sometimes it is desirable to forecast profits by considering factors which are not included in past and present results. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the stocks portfolio optimization in the context of decision making under complete uncertainty, i.e. uncertainty with unknown probabilities, which allows the investor to refer to scenario planning. In the contribution, we propose the use of a decision rule for portfolio optimization under complete uncertainty. The procedure takes into account the decision maker’s nature and enables one to select the optimal mixed strategy, which is characteristic of portfolio optimization where variables denoting the share of particular securities are continuous (not binary). The decision process is discussed for two types of decision makers: an active one (who estimates the profit matrix on his own) and a passive one (who uses a profit matrix generated by experts). Additionally, we analyse the impact of the profit matrix estimation (subjectively or objectively) on the decision making process.
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WANG, QIAN. "ANALYSIS ON NON-PROFIT ADVERTISEMENTS BASED ON CULTURAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHINA AND UNITED STATES." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35622.

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The research field of consumer behavior is not a new one. In fact, many researchers have conducted surveys and experiments in this field. Also, the topic on how advertisement influences consumer perceptions has been explored. It is obvious that culture background and social economic status are different between developed countries and developing countries. This can vary consumers’ perception and behaviors. Non-profit advertisement will influence consumer’s perception and behavior on the basis of cultural background. Thus, it will also be extremely crucial for non-profit advertisements to study cultural differences to learn more about consumers. This study focuses on cultural background, aiming to find the differences on how different non-profit advertisement between China and U.S., and provide useful strategies to plan non-profit advertisements.
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Mikova, Irena, Lenka Komarkova, and Pavel Pudil. "Support of development of non-profit organisations through special training programs for their managers." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.048.

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Purpose – the paper is concerned with the issue of further education in non-profit organisations (NPOs) using training programs for their managers (TPM) and their impact on organisation development. The study aim was to find out whether and how the existence of TPM in the organisation depends on the founder, sector and duration of its economic activity. It also investigates which competencies the NPO managers perceive as the key ones. Research methodology – the study, based on the research questionnaire, included 69 NPOs. The dependence of TPM on defined characteristics has been assessed using Pearson’s chi-squared test or logistic regression. Conclusions (findings) – the results indicate that the usage of TPM is related to the size and founder of NPO. The other examined characteristics do not have a statistically significant effect. Furthermore, competencies considered by NPO managers as the most important were specified. Research limitations – follow from the size of the research sample. Practical implications – also, NPOs should focus on developing competencies mentioned in the study and evaluate them using impacts on the results of work activities. Originality/Value – the influence of training of managers on the development of NPOs is not sufficiently addressed in the literature
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SIMUȚ, Ramona, Daniel BĂDULESCU, and Alina BĂDULESCU. "PROFIT EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTION ON POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF THE ENTREPRENEURS SELECTED IN BUSINESS ACCELERATORS PROGRAMS." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/03.03.

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The importance of entrepreneurship and the dynamics of the SMEs sector upon economic growth, innovation, employment, decreasing regional disparities is undeniable, but all these effects are neither inevitable nor easily attainable. Thus, decision makers, researchers and the entrepreneurs themselves are committed to promoting and supporting the creation of new businesses as a means to stimulate and encourage development, and for this purpose, business and start-up accelerators, business incubators and/or business angels act as good case examples. By encouraging valuable business ideas, by easing the transition that exists between the moment of generating an idea to actually setting up a business and then supporting its rapid growth can be a viable means for realizing the ambitions and performances of new companies and, implicitly, for ensuring economic growth, general and individual prosperity. In this paper, by using the results and information from a survey applied to a considerable number of start-ups around the world and made available by the Entrepreneurship Database Program (EDP), we have attempted to identify the existence of a correlation between the profit margin aspirations and the potential benefits that are typically associated with entrepreneurial accelerators. Our results show that there are certain expectations regarding the usefulness and utility of entering acceleration programs and that these expectations may be correlated to the ambitions of future performances/activities. In the same time, there is a certain misalignment between how the image of entrepreneurial success is perceived, the demands and requirements of accelerator programs and the expectations of young entrepreneurs.
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Rebetak, Filip, and Viera Bartosova. "Tax Assignation as A Source of Financing for Non-Profit Organizations in Slovakia." In Fifth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201211.070.

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Kaminaka, Tomohiro, Zubir Azhar, and Dayana Jalaludin. "MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS AND LODGING BUSINESS MODEL IN JAPANESE RYOKANS." In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.049.

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The lodging sector in Japan has experienced a shrinking market size of traditional lodging providers (known as ryokans). Ryokans, which account for about 40% of Japanese lodging market, have operated their lodging businesses based on a unique business model that has been in existence for over 1,000 years. About 30% of ryokans are in a declining stage, where they are unable to break away from the traditional business models and are in a negative spiral of continuing deficits. The intent of this paper is to understand how ryokans innovate their business model while maintaining some of their traditional fundamental elements. This paper adopts a multiple-case study approach based on the two high-performing ryokans with long histories. Our findings add the ryokans’ commercial-cultural context to existing literature that describes the role of management control systems (MCS) in supporting business model innovation. Understanding the achievement of their business model innovation from a long-term perspective of about thirty years provides our paper with theoretical originality. We conclude that the weights of formal and informal controls in MCS are equal in the long term regardless of the direction of their business model innovation. In recent years, tourism policy has encouraged ryokans to use management accounting information to overcome their low-profit businesses. Our practical suggestions complement the tourism policy that presupposes the use of management accounting information alone, and support ryokan managers to use it as a part of MCS.
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Bongard, Stefan. "Online Grocery Shopping: a Boom, Hype, or Black Ice?" In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.019.

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Buying groceries online is no longer a novel phenomenon: recent studies (2016) show that in Germany, approximately 30 percent of potential buyers have already purchased groceries online. Together with the latest grocery shopping services from the online giant Amazon (e.g. Amazon Fresh and Amazon go), this growing sector of online food and drink retail comprises an attractive field for economic research. General research objectives in this field investigate sustainable business models, planning of logistics structures, and changes in buyer behaviour. The purpose of this present study was to analyze buyer behavior in the field of online food retail based on a process design derived from principles of Quality Management. A convenience sample of 822 valid data records was collected from November– December 2016 using a sophisticated online survey tool. The data set contains responses from 256 individuals who had already bought groceries online, while the rest of the respondents had not previously purchased groceries online. The study strongly underscores the great potential of online retail grocery industry, while also detailing the potential risks associated with this business model, such as low profit margins and packaging issues.
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Alimuddin, Alimuddin, Aini Indrijawati, Muh Ashari, and Afdal Afdal. "Profit Sharing System for Rice Farming Business on Moslem Communities in South Sulawesi." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economics, Management, Accounting and Business, ICEMAB 2018, 8-9 October 2018, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-10-2018.2288728.

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Hada, Izabela Diana. "Analysis and Evolution of Profitability in the Pharmaceutical Field in Romania." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/55.

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The pharmaceutical industry is an important field of activity that contributes to the diagnosis, treatment, maintenance of the health of the population. The need of pharmaceuticals has led to an increase in both the number of drug manufacturers and the number of distributors. A significant part of the specialized studies deals with the problem of the profitability of the pharmaceutical industry. The study of the financial performance of the economic entities in the pharmaceutical field in Romania is a necessary concern in the conditions of a progressive annual increase of the profitability of this sector. The main purpose of this paper is the analysis and presentation of the evolution of profitability indicators (return on assets, return on capital, return on sales) as part of the activity of assessing the financial performance of economic entities operating in Romania in the pharmaceutical industry (manufacturing of basic pharmaceutical products - CAEN code 2110). Profitability indicators were analyzed for a number of 46 entities in the pharmaceutical industry in Romania for a period of 20 years (1999-2018). We are talking in this case about a turnover of 1.1 Billion lei (249.2 million euros), a number of employees of 3,098 employees, a profit of 135.2 million lei (30.7 million euros) - representing 0.12% of the net profit made in Romania. The research results show that in the period 2008-2009, the financial crisis left a strong mark on the evolution of profitability in the pharmaceutical industry. However, during the 20 years we talk about a positive evolution, in the sense of increasing the profitability of this field, which justifies the increase in the consumption of pharmaceuticals products.
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Reports on the topic "Not-for-profit business and management"

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Pueyo, Ana. Decentralised Access to Electricity Through Mini-Grids in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.064.

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Renewable, decentralised mini-grids are a promising technology for electrifying remote communities in sub-Saharan Africa. However, most mini-grids struggle not only to obtain a profit, but also to recover costs. This Policy Briefing describes the case of a private, for-profit mini-grid business model which also developed the productive commercial uses of electricity to achieve financial sustainability. The model failed due to high regulatory risks, initially high tariffs, and complex management of commercial activities. We argue that public–private partnerships and collaboration with local agrobusinesses could improve affordability, reduce risks, and ensure long-term sustainability.
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Pueyo, Ana, Gisela Ngoo, Editruda Daulinge, and Adriana Fajardo. The Quest for Scalable Business Models for Mini-Grids in Africa: Implementing the Keymaker Model in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.071.

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Achieving universal electrification in sub-Saharan Africa requires creative solutions. Renewable mini-grids are a promising technology to electrify remote communities with a substantial productive demand, mainly from agro-processing. Mini-grids have experienced fast growth and there are now around 2,200 systems in the sub-Saharan Africa region. However, their economic case in the sub-continent is unclear. Most mini-grids are struggling not only to obtain a profit but also to recover costs. This Research Report describes the case of a private company in Tanzania implementing a business model for mini-grids that promotes productive uses of energy to achieve financial sustainability (the ‘Keymaker model’). A group of researchers worked jointly with the mini-grid developer to procure equipment for fish processing activities, support local entrepreneurs to use electricity productively, and to document and learn from the process. Although the business model was ultimately unsuccessful – facing high regulatory risks, high initial tariffs required to recover costs, and complex management of agro-processing activities – the project offers useful lessons and considerations for future efforts to promote mini-grids, and how public–private partnerships can help improve affordability and reduce regulatory risks.
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Nechaev, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, and A. Nagibas. Complex economic systems structural organization modelling. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1118.

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One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the financial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea finds its confirmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the difference between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the first group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.
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Bailey, P., C. Dean, J. Collier, V. Dasappa, and W. Goldberg. Analysis of potential self-guarantee tests for demonstrating financial assurance by non-profit colleges, universities, and hospitals and by business firms that do not issue bonds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491561.

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Needham, Glenn R., Uri Gerson, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, D. Samatero, J. Yoder, and William Bruce. Integrated Management of Tracheal Mite, Acarapis woodi, and of Varroa Mite, Varroa jacobsoni, Major Pests of Honey Bees. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573068.bard.

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Objectives: The Israeli work plan regarding HBTM included: (a) producing a better diagnostic method; (b) following infestations during the season and evaluating damage to resistant bees and, (c) controlling HBTM by conventional means under local conditions. For varroa our plans to try novel control (e.g. oil novel control (e.g. oil patties & essential oils) were initially delayed by very low pest populations, then disrupted by the emergence of fluvalinate resistance. We monitored the spread of resistance to understand it better, and analyzed an underlying biochemical resistance mechanism in varroa. The US work plan focused on novel management methods for both mites with an emphasis on reducing use of traditional insecticides due to resistance and contamination issues. Objectives were: (a) evaluating plant essential oils for varroa control; (b) exploring the vulnerability of varroa to desiccation for their management; and (c) looking for biological variation in HBTM that could explain virulence variability between colonies. Although the initial PI at the USDA Beltsville Bee Lab, W.A. Bruce, retired during the project we made significant strides especially on varroa water balance. Subcontracts were performed by Yoder (Illinois College) on varroa water balance and DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA) who evaluated plant essential oils for their potential to control varroa. We devised an IPM strategy for mite control i the U.S. Background: Mites that parasitize honey bees are a global problem. They are threatening the survival of managed and feral bees, the well-being of commercial/hobby beekeeping, and due to pollination, the future of some agricultural commodities is threatened. Specific economic consequences of these mites are that: (a) apiculture/breeder business are failing; (b) fewer colonies exist; (c) demand and cost for hive leasing are growing; (d) incidences of bee pathogens are increasing; and, (e) there are ore problems with commercial-reared bees. As a reflection of the continued significance f bee mites, a mite book is now in press (Webster & delaplane, 2000); and the 2nd International Conference on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites is scheduled (April, 2000, Arizona). The first such conference was at OSU (1987, GRN was co-organizer). The major challenge is controlling two very different mites within a colony while not adversely impacting the hive. Colony management practices vary, as do the laws dictating acaricide use. Our basic postulates were that: (a) both mites are of economic importance with moderate to high infestations but not at low rates and, (b) once established they will not be eradicated. A novel strategy was devised that deals with the pests concomitantly by maintaining populations at low levels, without unnecessary recourse to synthetic acaricides. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements: A major recent revelation is that there are several species of "Varroa jacobsoni" (Anderson & Trueman 1999). Work on control, resistance, population dynamics, and virulence awaits knowing whether this is a problem. In the U.S. there was no difference between varroa from three locales in terms of water balance parameters (AZ, MN & PA), which bodes well for our work to date. Winter varroa (U.S.) were more prone to desiccation than during other seasons. Varroa sensitivity to desiccation has important implications for improving IPM. Several botanicals showed some promise for varroa control (thymol & origanum). Unfortunately there is varroa resistance to Apistan in Israel but a resistance mechanism was detected for the first time. The Israel team also has a new method for HBTM diagnosis. Annual tracheal mite population trends in Israel were characterized, which will help in targeting treatment. Effects of HBTM on honey yields were shown. HBTM control by Amitraz was demonstrated for at least 6 months. Showing partial resistance by Buckfast bees to HBTM will be an important IPM tactic in Israel and U.S.
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Agu, Monica, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. The Impact of Mentoring as a GMP Capability Building Tool in The Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria. Purdue University, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317447.

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Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), a component of Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, is aimed primarily at managing and minimizing the risks inherent in pharmaceutical manufacture to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of products. Provision of adequate number of personnel with the necessary qualifications/practical experience and their continuous training and evaluation of effectiveness of the training is the responsibility of the manufacturer. (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014; International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2015). The classroom method of training that has been used for GMP capacity building in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria over the years, delivered by experts from stringently regulated markets, have not yielded commensurate improvement in the Quality Management Systems (QMS) in the industry. It is necessary and long over-due to explore an alternative training method that has a track record of success in other sectors. A lot of studies carried out on mentoring as a development tool in several fields such as academia, medicine, business, research etc., reported positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore mentoring as an alternative GMP training method in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria. Specifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mentoring as a GMP capability building tool in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria, with focus on GMP documentations in XYZ pharmaceutical manufacturing company located in South-Western region of Nigeria. The methodology comprised gap assessment of GMP documentation of XYZ company to generate current state data, development of training materials based on the identified gaps and use of the training materials for the mentoring sessions. The outcome of the study was outstanding as gap assessment identified the areas of need that enabled development efforts to be targeted at these areas, unlike generic classroom training. The mentees’ acceptance of the mentoring support was evident by their request for additional training in some other areas related to the microbiology operations that were not covered in the gap assessment. This result portrays mentoring as a promising tool for GMP capacity building, but more structured studies need to be conducted in this area to generate results that can be generalized.
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7

Sandford, Robert, Vladimir Smakhtin, Colin Mayfield, Hamid Mehmood, John Pomeroy, Chris Debeer, Phani Adapa, et al. Canada in the Global Water World: Analysis of Capabilities. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/vsgg2030.

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This report critically examines, for the first time, the capacity of Canada’s water sector with respect to meeting and helping other countries meet the water-related targets of the UN’s global sustainable development agenda. Several components of this capacity are examined, including water education and research, investment in water projects that Canada makes internally and externally, and experiences in water technology and governance. Analysis of the water education system suggests that there is a broad capability in institutions of higher learning in Canada to offer training in the diverse subject areas important in water. In most cases, however, this has not led to the establishment of specific water study programmes. Only a few universities provide integrated water education. There is a need for a comprehensive listing of water-related educational activities in universities and colleges — a useful resource for potential students and employers. A review of recent Canadian water research directions and highlights reveals strong and diverse water research capacity and placed the country among global leaders in this field. Canada appears to be within the top 10 countries in terms of water research productivity (publications) and research impact (citations). Research capacity has been traditionally strong in the restoration and protection of the lakes, prediction of changes in climate, water and cryosphere (areas where water is in solid forms such as ice and snow), prediction and management of floods and droughts. There is also a range of other strong water research directions. Canada is not among the top 10 global water aid donors in absolute dollar numbers; the forerunners are, as a rule, the countries with higher GDP per capita. Canadian investments in Africa water development were consistently higher over the years than investments in other regions of the global South. The contributions dropped significantly in recent years overall, also with a decline in aid flow to Africa. Given government support for the right business model and access to resources, there is significant capacity within the Canadian water sector to deliver water technology projects with effective sustainable outcomes for the developing world. The report recommends several potential avenues to elevate Canada’s role on the global water stage, i.e. innovative, diverse and specific approaches such as developing a national inventory of available water professional capacity, and ranking Universities on the strength of their water programmes coordinating national contributions to global sustainability processes around the largest ever university-led water research programme in the world – the 7-year Global Water Futures program targeting specific developmental or regional challenges through overseas development aid to achieve quick wins that may require only modest investments resolving such chronic internal water challenges as water supply and sanitation of First Nations, and illustrating how this can be achieved within a limited period with good will strengthening and expanding links with UN-Water and other UN organisations involved in global water policy work To improve water management at home, and to promote water Canadian competence abroad, the diverse efforts of the country’s water sector need better coordination. There is a significant role for government at all levels, but especially federally, in this process.
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8

Crossan, Mary, Gerard Seijts, Jeffrey Gandz, and Carol Stephenson. Leadership on Trial : A Manifesto for Leadership Development. Richard Ivey School of Business, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/iveypub.44.2010.

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Recent books and articles have analyzed the causes of the global financial and economic crisis of 2007-09. Yet little attention has been paid to the quality of leadership in organizations that were at the epicentre of the storm, were victims of it, avoided it or even prospered from it. In the summer of 2009 a multi-disciplinary group of Ivey faculty decided to look at the leadership dimensions of the recent financial and economic crisis. We started by writing a working paper that laid out our preliminary views. We then engaged more than 300 business, public sector and not-for-profit leaders in small and large groups, as individuals and collectives, to get their reaction to this paper and, more generally, to discuss te role that organizational leadership played before, during and after the crisis. We examined leadership not just in the financial sector but also in many other public and private sector organizations that were affected by the crisis. In a sense, we were putting leadership on trial. Our aim in doing this was not to identify and assign blame. Rather, we examined leadership during this critical period in recent history to learn what we could, and use the learning to improve practice in leadership today and the development of next generation leaders. As we analyzed the role of leadership in this crisis we were faced with one major question: "Would better leadership have made a difference?" Our answer is unequivocal: "Yes!" We recognize that many people could argue it is unfair to criticize leaders whose decisions were based on their knowledge of the situation at the time and which only eventually, with the aid of 20/20 hindsight proved bad. We respect this view but we disagree with it. Some business and public sector leaders predicted better than others the bursting of the housing bubble and financial markets turmoil, positioned their organizations to avoid problems, and coped with them skillfully. Their organizations were not badly damaged by the crisis and some even prospered. Some governments and regulatory agencies' control and monitoring systems were superior to those in the U.S., the U.K., Ireland, Spain, Iceland and other countries that had to bail out their banks and other industries. Our evidence supports the conclusion that these companies, these agencies, these governments and these countries had better leadership. Good leadership mattered then and good leadership will matter in the future. We are presenting our conclusions about what good leadership involves in the form of a public statement of principles - a manifesto that addresses what good leaders do, who they are, and how they can be developed in organizations.
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9

Price, Roz. Taxation and Public Financial Management of Mining Revenue in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.144.

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This rapid review provides a summary of the evidence on the taxation and public financial management of mining revenues in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is a very complex topic, with a large and growing literature base, a huge interest by donors, non-governmental organisations and businesses, with some conflicting information at times. In particular, specific data on provincial budgets and spending was not identified during this review. No specific information on public financial management in either of these provinces was identified during the course of this review. Given the burgeoning size of the literature base and the complexity of the mining sector in the DRC, this rapid review only provides a snapshot of the literature. It draws on academic, grey and donor literature sources. Some papers for further reading are highlighted. The report first provides a brief background discussion of general taxation in the DRC, the decentralisation process, and provincial public revenue management. The next section provides general information on the mining sector in the DRC, including the regulatory system and official duties, royalties and tax provisions. Section 4 goes into more detail about taxation and rent-seeking in the mining sector, touching on both large-scale mining (LSM) and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). The next section looks at smuggling of minerals in the DRC, with a focus on gold. Finally, some specific lessons learned were drawn from two World Bank projects and highlighted in the final section. Lessons and experiences from other mining-related projects are also highlighted throughout the report. Literature in French was not included in this rapid review, which may mean that some key documents were omitted.
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Sembler, Jose Ignacio, Regina Legarreta, Ernesto Cuestas, Roni Szwedzki, Sumiko Andrade Sakaguchi, Damian Galinsky, Fernando Barbosa, et al. Approach Paper: Evaluation of IDB Invest. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004463.

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This approach paper defines the objectives, scope, and methodology for the evaluation of IDB Invest by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE). At the 2015 annual meeting in Busan, the Boards of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC) decided to consolidate the IDB Group's private sector operations into the IIC. This decision was accompanied by a US$2.03 billion capital increase for the IIC over a 10-year period (2016-2025). This process of consolidation and capitalization, known as the private sector merge-out, took effect on 1 January 2016. In 2017, OVE completed a midterm review of implementation of the private sector merge-out to identify emerging lessons that might be helpful in completing the merge-out. In November 2017, the IIC was rebranded as IDB Invest. At the request of the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest, this evaluation was included in OVE's 2021-2022 work program. The Busan Resolution set forth a “Renewed Vision” for promoting development through the private sector. This Renewed Vision provides a long-term framework (2016-2025) for IDB Invest and focuses on strengthening development effectiveness, development impact, and additionality of operations, as well as maximizing the efficient use of resources and synergies between the IDB Group's public and private sector activities. The merge-out was selected as the way to implement this Renewed Vision. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 health crisis, as well as current discussions on the need to pursue a new business model for the institution and its financial and operational implications, make this an ideal moment to take stock of lessons learned and provide input for future discussions at the corporate level. Against this backdrop, this evaluation seeks to report independently to the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest on the effectiveness of the implementation to date of the Renewed Vision that gave rise to the creation of IDB Invest. This evaluation will also use the findings of OVE's 2017 midterm review of implementation of the merge-out to further analyze areas that had not yet matured at that time (e.g., finance, operations management, development effectiveness, etc.). The evaluation will cover the period from January 2016 (when the merge-out took effect) to December 2021.
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