Journal articles: 'Nostoc'

1

Smith, Mary. "Tremella? No, Nostoc." Field Mycology 1, no. 4 (October 2000): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60067-9.

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Suradkar, Archana, Chelsea Villanueva, Lira A. Gaysina, Dale A. Casamatta, Aniket Saraf, Gandhali Dighe, Ratnaprabha Mergu, and Prashant Singh. "Nostoc thermotolerans sp. nov., a soil-dwelling species of Nostoc (Cyanobacteria)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 1296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001800.

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Rezayian, Maryam, Vahid Niknam, and Mohammad Ali Faramarzi. "Antioxidative responses of Nostoc ellipsosporum and Nostoc piscinale to salt stress." Journal of Applied Phycology 31, no. 1 (June 5, 2018): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1506-2.

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4

Mollenhauer, Dieter, and Resi Mollenhauer. "Nostoc in symbiosis - Taxonomic implications." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 83 (December 19, 1996): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/83/1996/435.

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Oksanen, Ilona, Jouni Jokela, David P. Fewer, Matti Wahlsten, Jouko Rikkinen, and Kaarina Sivonen. "Discovery of Rare and Highly Toxic Microcystins from Lichen-Associated Cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Strain IO-102-I." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 5756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.5756-5763.2004.

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ABSTRACT The production of hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptides, microcystins, is almost exclusively reported from planktonic cyanobacteria. Here we show that a terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain IO-102-I isolated from a lichen association produces six different microcystins. Microcystins were identified with liquid chromatography-UV mass spectrometry by their retention times, UV spectra, mass fragmentation, and comparison to microcystins from the aquatic Nostoc sp. strain 152. The dominant microcystin produced by Nostoc sp. strain IO-102-I was the highly toxic [ADMAdda5]microcystin-LR, which accounted for ca. 80% of the total microcystins. We assigned a structure of [DMAdda5]microcystin-LR and [d-Asp3,ADMAdda5]microcystin-LR and a partial structure of three new [ADMAdda5]-XR type of microcystin variants. Interestingly, Nostoc spp. strains IO-102-I and 152 synthesized only the rare ADMAdda and DMAdda subfamilies of microcystin variants. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated congruence between genes involved directly in microcystin biosynthesis and the 16S rRNA and rpoC1 genes of Nostoc sp. strain IO-102-I. Nostoc sp. strain 152 and the Nostoc sp. strain IO-102-I are distantly related, revealing a sporadic distribution of toxin production in the genus Nostoc. Nostoc sp. strain IO-102-I is closely related to Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and other symbiotic Nostoc strains and most likely belongs to this species. Together, this suggests that other terrestrial and aquatic strains of the genus Nostoc may have retained the genes necessary for microcystin biosynthesis.

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Bergman, Birgitta, and Bruce Osborne. "The Gunnera: Nostoc Symbiosis." Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 102B, no. 1 (2002): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bae.2002.0024.

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BERGMAN, B., C. JOHANSSON, and E. SODERBACK. "The Nostoc-Gunnera symbiosis." New Phytologist 122, no. 3 (November 1992): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00067.x.

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8

Dodds, Walter K., Dolly A. Gudder, and Dieter Mollenhauer. "THE ECOLOGY OF NOSTOC." Journal of Phycology 31, no. 1 (February 1995): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00002.x.

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9

Maldener, Iris. "Nostoc: ein prokaryotischer Vielzeller." Biologie in unserer Zeit 44, no. 5 (October 2014): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201410545.

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10

Jackson, Owen, Oliver Taylor, David G. Adams, and J. Paul Knox. "Arabinogalactan Proteins Occur in the Free-Living Cyanobacterium Genus Nostoc and in Plant–Nostoc Symbioses." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 10 (October 2012): 1338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-04-12-0095-r.

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Arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) are a diverse family of proteoglycans associated with the cell surfaces of plants. AGP have been implicated in a wide variety of plant cell processes, including signaling in symbioses. This study investigates the existence of putative AGP in free-living cyanobacterial cultures of the nitrogen-fixing, filamentous cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme and Nostoc sp. strain LBG1 and at the symbiotic interface in the symbioses between Nostoc spp. and two host plants, the angiosperm Gunnera manicata (in which the cyanobacterium is intracellular) and the liverwort Blasia pusilla (in which the cyanobacterium is extracellular). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that three AGP glycan epitopes (recognized by monoclonal antibodies LM14, MAC207, and LM2) are present in free-living Nostoc cyanobacterial species. The same three AGP glycan epitopes are present at the Gunnera–Nostoc symbiotic interface and the LM2 epitope is detected during the establishment of the Blasia–Nostoc symbiosis. Bioinformatic analysis of the N. punctiforme genome identified five putative AGP core proteins that are representative of AGP classes found in plants. These results suggest a possible involvement of AGP in cyanobacterial–plant symbioses and are also suggestive of a cyanobacterial origin of AGP.

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11

Najah, Aminatun, and Indah Wahyuni Abida. "Abundance and Biomass Analysis of Nostoc commune in Rice Field Habitat in Madura." Symposium on Biology Education (Symbion) 3 (July 29, 2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/symbion.11694.

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Nostoc commune is often found in terrestrial habitats as well as aquatic habitats. Nostoc commune has the ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, besides being used as food or medicine. Nostoc commune in Indonesia is still little utilized, this is because its existence is often misinterpreted as a weed in rice fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and biomass of Nostoc commune in rice field habitats. This research was conducted from 5 September 2022- September 23, 2022. The sampling method of Nostoc commune and water used was purposive sampling in the rice fields of Gilianyar Kamal Village, Bangkalan Regency, with three sampling location points. The measured water quality parameters include, nitrate, phosphate, water TOM, sediment TOM, and sediment C/N ratio. Nostoc commune data were identified to determine the biomass and abundance at each station. The results of the study of the abundance of Nostoc commune found that the first week of September and the second of September, respectively got an average of 695.1 colonies/m2 with a biomass of 1,576.2 g and 768.9 colonies/m2 with 1,799.7 g of biomass. Nostoc commune found in the rice fields is classified as abundant in each m2.

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12

Singh, Prashant, Jana Šnokhousová, Aniket Saraf, Archana Suradkar, and Josef Elster. "Phylogenetic evaluation of the genus Nostoc and description of Nostoc neudorfense sp. nov., from the Czech Republic." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 2740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004102.

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Cyanobacterial strain ARC8 was isolated from seepage coming into the river Dračice, Františkov, Czech Republic, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain ARC8 showed a typical Nostoc -like morphology and in-depth morphological characterization indicated that it is a member of the genus Nostoc . Furthermore, in the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny inferred using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and neighbour joining methods, strain ARC8 clustered within the Nostoc sensu stricto clade. The phylogenetic distance and the positioning of strain ARC8 also indicated that it is a member of the genus Nostoc . Furthermore, the rbcL gene phylogeny along with the 16S–23S ITS secondary structure analysis also supported the findings from the 16S rRNA gene tree. In accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants we describe a novel species of Nostoc with the name Nostoc neudorfense sp. nov.

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13

Aboal, Marina, José Carlos Cristóbal, and José Pedro Marín-Murcia. "Sobre la presencia de Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) en suelos arcillosos de regiones áridas del sureste español." Acta Botanica Malacitana 35 (December 1, 2010): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v35i0.6955.

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About the presence of Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) on clay soils from arid regions of south east SpainPalabras clave. Cyanophyceae, Nostoc, distribución, ecología, morfología, regiones áridas, SE España.Keywords. Cyanophyceae, Nostoc, distribution, ecology, morphology, arid regions, Southeastern Spain.

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Aboal, Marina, José Carlos Cristóbal, and José Pedro Marín-Murcia. "Sobre la presencia de Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) en suelos arcillosos de regiones áridas del sureste español. About the presence of Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) on clay soils from arid regions of south east Spain." Acta Botanica Malacitana 35 (December 1, 2010): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v35i0.2859.

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About the presence of Nostoc commune var. ﬂ agelliforme (Nostocaceae, Cyanophyceae) on clay soils from arid regions of south east Spain Palabras clave. Cyanophyceae,Nostoc, distribución, ecología, morfología, regiones áridas, SE España. Keywords.Cyanophyceae, Nostoc, distribution, ecology, morphology, arid regions, Southeastern Spain.

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15

Parambil, Farhad Vayadi, and Akkara Yusuf. "Diversity of Epilithic Nostoc spp. from Western Ghats Regions of Kerala, India." International Journal on Algae 25, no. 1 (2023): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v25.i1.40.

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Western ghats (Biodiversity hotspot) of Kerala is abundant in cyanobacterial species diversity. The cyanobacterial genus Nostoc inhabits on natural rock surfaces, thus play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems by colonizing in new and unsettled ecological niches. The abiotic factors like temperature, pH, humidity, micro and macro nutrients contribute to the abundance of Nostoc spp. on the rock surface. Nostoc spp. act as a potential candidates for eco-friendly and sustainable agriculture. Even though, their substantial importance to the environment most of the Nostoc spp. are unexplored, especially from Western ghats region of Kerala. Hence, the present study investigated the diversity of epilithic Nostoc spp. from Western ghats regions of Kerala. A total of 25 epilithic Nostoc spp. were identified in this study. Among the 25 species, Nostoc tibeticum and N. indistinguindem are new records from India.

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Scherzinger, Daniel, Sandra Ruch, Daniel P. Kloer, Annegret Wilde, and Salim Al-Babili. "Retinal is formed from apo-carotenoids in Nostoc sp. PCC7120: in vitro characterization of an apo-carotenoid oxygenase." Biochemical Journal 398, no. 3 (August 29, 2006): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060592.

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The sensory rhodopsin from Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC7120 is the first cyanobacterial retinylidene protein identified. Here, we report on NosACO (Nostoc apo-carotenoid oxygenase), encoded by the ORF (open reading frame) all4284, as the candidate responsible for the formation of the required chromophore, retinal. In contrast with the enzymes from animals, NosACO converts β-apo-carotenals instead of β-carotene into retinal in vitro. The identity of the enzymatic products was proven by HPLC and gas chromatography–MS. NosACO exhibits a wide substrate specificity with respect to chain lengths and functional end-groups, converting β-apo-carotenals, (3R)-3-hydroxy-β-apo-carotenals and the corresponding alcohols into retinal and (3R)-3-hydroxyretinal respectively. However, kinetic analyses revealed very divergent Km and Vmax values. On the basis of the crystal structure of SynACO (Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 apo-carotenoid oxygenase), a related enzyme showing similar enzymatic activity, we designed a homology model of the native NosACO. The deduced structure explains the absence of β-carotene-cleavage activity and indicates that NosACO is a monotopic membrane protein. Accordingly, NosACO could be readily reconstituted into liposomes. To localize SynACO in vivo, a Synechocystis knock-out strain was generated expressing SynACO as the sole carotenoid oxygenase. Western-blot analyses showed that the main portion of SynACO occurred in a membrane-bound form.

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Boissière, Jean-Claude, Marie-Claude Boissière, Patrick Champion-Arnaud, Richard Lallemant, and Jean Wagner. "Le cycle des Nostoc des genres Peltigera et Collema en cultures in vitro et dans le thalle lichénique." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-203.

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The isolation and culture of Nostoc symbionts of four Peltigera and of Collema tenax has revealed the presence of a biological cycle. Our observations, taken in conjunction with those of other authors on free-living species, suggest that the photosymbiont of Peltigera canina, P. rufescens, P. horizontalis, and P. spuria is Nostoc punctiforme (Kütz.) Hariot, that of Collema tenax is Nostoc commune Vauch. In the lichen thallus, Nostoc is at the stage called "punctiforme." This stage stays stable as long as the thallus is undamaged. If wounding occurs, the opening of the polysaccharide sheath of the trichomes causes motile hormogonia to escape. These, in nature, colonize the squamuliform isidia of Peltigera praetextata and, in culture, they allow isolation of Nostoc strains from the lichens studied.

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18

Konkel, Robert, Michał Grabski, Marta Cegłowska, Ewa Wieczerzak, Grzegorz Węgrzyn, and Hanna Mazur-Marzec. "Anabaenopeptins from Nostoc edaphicum CCNP1411." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 12346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912346.

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Cyanobacteria of the Nostoc genus belong to the most prolific sources of bioactive metabolites. In our previous study on Nostoc edaphicum strain CCNP1411, the occurrence of cyanopeptolins and nostocyclopeptides was documented. In the current work, the production of anabaenopeptins (APs) by the strain was studied using genetic and chemical methods. Compatibility between the analysis of the apt gene cluster and the structure of the identified APs was found. Three of the APs, including two new variants, were isolated as pure compounds and tested against four serine proteases and carboxypeptidase A (CPA). The in vitro enzymatic assays showed a typical activity of this class of cyanopeptides, i.e., the most pronounced effects were observed in the case of CPA. The activity of the detected compounds against important metabolic enzymes confirms the pharmaceutical potential of anabaenopeptins.

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19

Wright, D., T. Prickett, R. F. Helm, and M. Potts. "Form species Nostoc commune (Cyanobacteria)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 1839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-51-5-1839.

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Dai, Jingqiu, Casey S. Philbin, Clay Wakano, Wesley Y. Yoshida, and Philip G. Williams. "New Nostocyclophanes from Nostoc linckia." Marine Drugs 21, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21020101.

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Six new nostocyclophanes and four known compounds have been isolated from Nostoc linckia (Nostocaceae) cyanobacterial strain UTEX B1932. The new compounds, nostocyclophanes E–J (1–6), were characterized by NMR and MS techniques. The known compounds were nostocyclophanes B–D, previously isolated from this strain, and dedichloronostocyclophane D. Structural modifications on the new [7.7]paracyclophane analogs 1–5, isolated from the 80% methanol fraction, range from simple changes such as the lack of methylation or halogenation to more unusual modifications such as those seen in nostocyclophane H (4), in which the exocyclic alkyl chains are of different length; this is the first time this modification has been observed in this family of natural products. In addition, nostocyclophane J (6) is a linear analog in which C-20 is chlorinated in preparation for the presumed enzymatic Friedel–Craft cyclization needed to form the final ring structure, analogous to the biosynthesis of the related cylindrocyclophanes. Nostocyclophane D, dedichloronostocyclophane D, and nostocyclophanes E-J demonstrated moderate to weak growth inhibition against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

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Engelhardt, Harald. "Nostoc — Multitalent mit bewegter Vergangenheit." BIOspektrum 20, no. 2 (March 2014): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12268-014-0431-4.

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22

Rusydi, Rachmawati, Rachmawati Rusydi, Amararatne Yakupitiyage, Wenresti G. Gallardo, Lionel Dabbadie, and Anil K. Anal. "POTENTIAL OF NOSTOC MUSCORUM CULTURED IN BG-II MEDIUM AS BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCK SOURCE: EVALUATION OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT FOR CULTURE AND ITS DAILY LIPID CONTENT." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v1i0.93.

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Increment of industrial development and energy demands for transportation and electricity have increased diesel-fuel uses to fulfil global energy needs. Carbon emission as impact of high fossil diesel use which pollutes the air gradually increases green house gases (GHG) and increases the intensity of acid rains. Furthermore, scarcity of fossil-fuels resources has caused high price of diesel-fuel which in turn to have increased the prices of all commodities. Nostoc muscorum is filamentous Cyanobacteria species which lives both terrestrial and freshwater aquatic environment. This strain has good ability in producing high biomass and potential in producing lipid. In where, Nostoc muscorum has potential as biodiesel feedstock alternative of food-plants sources. This study was conducting to evaluate the potential of Nostoc muscorum cultured in BG-II medium as biodiesel feedstock source. Evaluation of the nutrient requirement of Nostoc muscorum cultured in BG-II medium was done through assimilation of nitrate (NaNO3)-phosphate (K2HPO4). Biomass production as growth parameter was measured by weighing the dried biomass for 14 days of culture. Daily lipid production was evaluated by lipid extraction using Soxhlet method. The result showed that Nostoc muscorum cultured in BG-II medium required 644.6795 mg/L of NO3- and 25.1566 mg/L of HPO4- with the highest biomass production 0.21 grams/300 mL. Furthermore, Nostoc muscorum as multicellular Cyanobacteria could grow well in BG-II medium at SGR 0.0964 μ/day. Lipid production of Nostoc muscorum during cultivation in BG-II for 14 days decreased day by day. The highest lipid production was reached up in day 4th of culture that was 9.53 mg/g. Based on this study, Nostoc muscorum has good potential as biodiesel feedstock through producing high biomass in BG-II medium. Keywords: Nostoc muscorum, Synechococcus elongatus, Tofu wastewater, Lipid content, Cell disruption, Biodiesel.

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Ambat, Kristin Natalia, Indah Wahyuni Abida, and Moh Ismail. "Proximate Content of Nostoc commune in Gilianyar Rice Field Habitat, Bangkalan Regency, East Java." Symposium on Biology Education (Symbion) 3 (August 30, 2023): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/symbion.11700.

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Nostoc commune become one of the microalgae that can be found in Indonesia. Nostoc commune is an edible blue-green microalgae that has been used as a delicacy or herbal medicine in various countries. Nostoc commune contains high concentrations of carbohydrates, crude protein, and micronutrients. The purpose of this research is to know the proximate content of Nostoc commune in the rice field habitat of Gilianyar, Bangkalan Regency, East Java. The method used in this study includes 2 steps, namely direct observation (on site) and observations in the laboratory. Direct observation was carried out by taking samples of Nostoc commune regularly purposive sampling and water samples and water quality measurements on site which includes pH, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), temperature, salinity and light intensity were carried out with 3 location points and 2 repetitions. Observations in the laboratory include proximate analysis, nitrate and phosphate according to standard procedures. The average yield of nutrient concentrations Nostoc commune among others, moisture content 24.78%, ash content 0.6055%, fat content 0.92%, protein content 0.47%, crude fiber content 1.190% and carbohydrate content 72.0378% .

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Zimmerman, William J., and Barry H. Rosen. "Cyanobiont diversity within and among cycads of one field site." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 1324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-218.

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Limited diversity was found among cyanobionts from a cultivated population of cycads at a field site in Florida. All isolates were classified as Nostoc but were different from the one Nostoc species found in the soil. These cyanobacteria were root endophytes of several plants of Zamia integrifolia and one of Dioon. The isolates were similar morphologically and in their reactions to four fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated lectins. Electrophoretic protein profiles and zymograms distinguished one cyanobiont and the soil Nostoc. A tenacious Anabaena epiphyte was also discovered inhabiting the surfaces of root nodules. Key words: cyanobacteria, cycad, Nostoc, symbiosis.

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Rosales Loaiza, Néstor, Patricia Vera, Cateryna Aiello-Mazzarri, and Ever Morales. "COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FOUR STRAINS OF Nostoc AND Anabaena (CYANOBACTERIA, NOSTOCALES) IN RELATION TO SODIUM NITRATE." Acta Biológica Colombiana 21, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v21n2.48883.

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Nitrogen concentration is an essential parameter in cyanobacterial cultures to produce enriched biomass with agricultural purposes. Growth and biochemical composition of Nostoc LAUN0015,Nostoc UAM206, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 was compared at 0, 4.25, 8.5 and 17 mM NaNO3. Cultures under laboratory conditions were maintained for 30 days at a volume of 500 mL. Anabaenasp.1 yielded the highest value of dry mass of 0.26 ± 2.49 mg mL-1 at 8.5 mM NaNO3. For chlorophyll, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin were achieved maximum values at 17 mM NaNO3 with 18.09 ± 1.74, 102.90 ± 6.73 and 53.47 ± 2.40 μg mL-1, respectively. Nostoc LAUN0015 produced its maximum value of protein 644.86 ± 19.77 μg mL-1, and 890 mg mL-1 of carbohydrates in the absence of nitrogen. This comparative study shows that the most efficient strain for the production of protein, carbohydrates and lipids in diazotrophic conditions corresponded to Nostoc LAUN0015. However, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 required high concentrations of nitrogen to achieve higher values of metabolites, comparing with Nostoc strains. Nitrogen dependence for the production of pigments and high protein production in strains of Anabaena and in diazotrophic conditions for Nostoc was demonstrated. Nostoc can be cultured under nitrogen deficiency andAnabaena in sufficiency, for mass production of biomass with good nutritional profile.

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Jüriado, Inga, Ulla Kaasalainen, Jaan Liira, and Jouko Rikkinen. "Peltigera (Ascomycota) living in open and shady environments depend on different Nostoc photobionts." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 60 (November 1, 2023): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2023.60.10.

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Species of Peltigera (lichen-forming Ascomycota) establish obligate symbioses with several monophyletic groups (phylogroups) of Nostoc cyanobacteria. Some of these fungi are strict specialists and only associate with one Nostoc phylogroup throughout their range, while others are generalists and associate with many different Nostoc phylogroups. We sampled 20 Peltigera taxa, mostly representing the Peltigera section Peltigera, from grassland and forest habitats across Europe. Mycobionts’ identities were confirmed using fungal ITS sequences. The Nostoc cyanobionts were identified and grouped based on single nucleotide differences in the trnL region and on the phylogenetic analysis of the rbcLX region. Our data confirmed that some Peltigera species clearly prefer open habitats, while others are largely confined to shady forest habitats. The two habitat preferences are consistently paired with association with different Nostoc groups. As a specific example, two ecologically versatile species, Peltigera canina and P. didactyla, both growing in open and shady habitats, consistently associated with different groups of Nostoc when growing in different habitats. As associations between specific mycobionts and cyanobionts are influenced by habitat conditions, the diversity of both taxon groups should be considered in the context of habitat management and conservation planning.

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Fuchs, Birgit, Petra Suttner, Sabine Sterner, Robert Wastlhuber, and Eckhard Loos. "Disproportionating Transglycosylase (D-Enzyme) in Green Algae and Cyanobacteria. Partial Purification and Characterization." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1994): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-3-402.

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D-Enzyme (4-a-glucanotransferase, EC 2.4.1.25) from cultured symbiotic Nostoc and Chlorella has been partially purified and characterized. The enzyme catalyzes the disproportionation of maltooligosaccharides and is able to form maltooligosaccharides from soluble starch and D-glucose. The properties of D-enzyme from Nostoc and Chlorella are similar with respect to substrate specificity, KM values and pH dependence, but differ with respect to temperature optimum and molecular weight (40 °C/50 kDa and 50 °C/230 kDa for the enzyme from Nostoc and Chlorella, respectively). D-enzyme activity has been demonstrated also in freeliving Anabaena, Chlorella and Chlamydomonas. Its physiological role in symbiotic Nostoc is briefly discussed

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Agger, Sean A., Fernando Lopez-Gallego, Thomas R. Hoye, and Claudia Schmidt-Dannert. "Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases from Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and Nostoc sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 18 (July 25, 2008): 6084–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00759-08.

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ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria are a rich source of natural products and are known to produce terpenoids. These bacteria are the major source of the musty-smelling terpenes geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, which are found in many natural water supplies; however, no terpene synthases have been characterized from these organisms to date. Here, we describe the characterization of three sesquiterpene synthases identified in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 (terpene synthase NS1) and Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 (terpene synthases NP1 and NP2). The second terpene synthase in N. punctiforme (NP2) is homologous to fusion-type sesquiterpene synthases from Streptomyces spp. shown to produce geosmin via an intermediate germacradienol. The enzymes were functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and their terpene products were structurally identified as germacrene A (from NS1), the eudesmadiene 8a-epi-α-selinene (from NP1), and germacradienol (from NP2). The product of NP1, 8a-epi-α-selinene, so far has been isolated only from termites, in which it functions as a defense compound. Terpene synthases NP1 and NS1 are part of an apparent minicluster that includes a P450 and a putative hybrid two-component protein located downstream of the terpene synthases. Coexpression of P450 genes with their adjacent located terpene synthase genes in E. coli demonstrates that the P450 from Nostoc sp. can be functionally expressed in E. coli when coexpressed with a ferredoxin gene and a ferredoxin reductase gene from Nostoc and that the enzyme oxygenates the NS1 terpene product germacrene A. This represents to the best of our knowledge the first example of functional expression of a cyanobacterial P450 in E. coli.

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Guo, Jin Ying, Ming Ke Shi, Guo Yan Ren, Yong Yin, and Shi Ru Jia. "Response of Nostoc flagelliforme cell to Hyperthermia Stress." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.614.

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The effects of hyperthermia stress was studied in a terrestrial, drought-tolerant alga, Nostoc flagelliforme. The BG11 culture medium were used to culture Nostoc flagelliforme cell at different temperature conditions: 25°C, 35°C,45°Cand 55°C. The physiological and biochemical character of Nostoc flagelliforme cell, such as electrolyte leakage, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), the content of malondialdehyde(MDA), proline(Pro), soluble protein and trehalose were tested after 8h, 12h, 16h and 24h treatment under 40μmol/m2/s. The results showed that: electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents in Nostoc flagelliforme cell were higher under high temperature stress than those in the control group during high temperature stress. In the meanwhile SOD activity increased slightly under the high temperature stress, but were lower afterwards. The contents of Pro, soluble protein and trehalose increased under the moderately high-temperature stress, while declined under extremely high-temperature(55°C) stress.Therefore, it is proposed that the Nostoc flagelliforme cell had a certain extent resistance ability to the high-temperature, the osmotic adjustment function was stimulated, and the SOD activity was improved under certain high-temperature stress, but the Nostoc flagelliforme cell were damaged badly under extremely high-temperature(55°C) stress.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effect of Cyanobacteria Isolates on Rice Seeds Germination in Saline Soil." Baghdad Science Journal 15, no. 1 (March 4, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.15.1.16-21.

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Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic communities which are used in biofertilization of many plants especially rice plant. Cyanobacteria play a vital role to increase the plant's ability for salinity tolerance. Salinity is a worldwide problem which affects the growth and productivity of crops. In this work three cyanobacteria strains (Nostoc calcicola, Anabaena variabilis, and Nostoc linkia) were isolated from saline soil at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate; North Egypt. The propagated cyanobacteria strains were used to withstand salinity of the soil and increase rice plant growth (Giza 178). The length of roots and shoot seedlings was measured for seven and forty days of cultivation, respectively. The results of this investigation showed that the inoculation with Nostoc calcicola, Anabaena variabilis, and Nostoc linkia increased root length by 27.0, 4.0, 3.0 % and 39, 20, 19 % in EC5 and 10 (ds/m), respectively. Similarly, they increased shoot length by 121, 70, 55 %, 116, 88, 82 % in EC5 and 10 (ds/m), respectively. In EC15and more concentrations, control rice plants could not grow while those to which cyanobacteria were inoculated could withstand only EC15 but not other elevated concentrations. These results encourage using Nostoc calcicola,Anabaena variabilis, and Nostoc linkia as biofertilizer for rice plant in the saline soil for increasing growth and decrease soil electrical conductivity.

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Bachura, Yuliya M., and Nikolay M. Daineko. "On the use of complexes of microalgae and cyanobacteria as stimulators of the growth of cucumbers." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 1(25) (2021): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2021-1(25)-98-104.

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The results of a laboratory experiment to study the influence of the microalgae Eustigmatos magnus (Ochrophyta) and cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. (Cyanobacteria) and their complexes for the growth and development of cucumber seedlings are presented. It was found that the original and diluted cultures of these photosynthetic microorganisms and their complexes have a stimulating effect both on the length and on the weight of cucumber seedlings. In the experiment with the initial cultures of algae and cyanobacteria, the maximum average length of shoots in the variant of the experiment with the Nostoc–Eustigmatos 3N:1E complex was recorded (179.18 mm); the maximum average mass of shoots – in the variant of the experiment with the Nostoc–Eustigmatos complex in a 1N:1E ratio (0.32 g). In the experiment with diluted cultures of algae and cyanobacteria, the maximum average length and mass of shoots in the variant of the experiment with the Nostoc–Eustigmatos 1N: 2E complex were noted (170.48 mm, 0.31 g). Phytoeffects varied from 11% to 167% along the length of seedlings, and from 10% to 94% according to the weight of seedlings. When using the original cultures of microalgae and cyanobacteria, the maximum phytoeffects were observed when using the Nostoc–Eustigmatos complex with a composition of 1N: 1E, when using diluted cultures, with a composition of 1N:2E. To increase the efficiency of using microalgae of the genus Eustigmatos and cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc as stimulators of the growth of cucumbers, it is recommended to use algocyanobacterial complexes Nostoc–Eustigmatos.

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Wastlhuber, Robert, and Eckhard Loos. "Differences Between Cultured and Freshly Isolated Cyanobiont from Peltigera—Is there Symbiosis-Specific Regulation Of a Glucose Carrier?" Lichenologist 28, no. 1 (January 1996): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1996.0006.

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AbstractThe cyanobiont (Nostoc) of the lichen Peltigera horizontalis was isolated using a procedure of repeated grinding, differential centrifugation and partitioning in an aqueous two-phase system of dextran/polyethylene glycol. A yield of 22% was calculated on the basis of chlorophyll recovery from the thallus. Freshly isolated Nostoc differed little from that kept in prolonged culture with respect to the relative activities of a number of enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the soluble fraction. However, much higher specific activities of the disproportionating transglycosylase and starch phosphorylase, higher intracellular concentrations of glucose, maltooligosaccharides and glycogen and a lower rate of glucose uptake were evidentin freshly isolated Nostoc. These activities and pool sizes, as well as CO2-fixation capability, stayed roughly constant for at least 5 h after isolation; glucose release, which is characteristic for the symbiotic Nostoc, dropped sharply within 1 h. These observations suggest the transport of glucose out of the cell, rather than that theactivities of cytoplasmic enzymes may bea point of early regulation during transition of Nostoc from the lichenized to the free-livingstate.

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Rojas Felipe, Edwin, Víctor Guillermo Sánchez Araujo, Lizangela Aurelia Hinojosa Yzarra, Fredy Rivera Trucios, and Jorge Washington Rodríguez Deza. "Capacidad biosortiva del Nostoc commune en la separación del plomo de aguas contaminadas." Revista Alfa 7, no. 19 (January 9, 2023): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33996/revistaalfa.v7i19.195.

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La contaminación del agua por presencia de metales pesados como el plomo, es un problema mundial que ha desequilibrado el sistema de salud en la humanidad, toda vez que este metal afecta la pureza del agua bebible, poniendo en peligro la sobrevivencia de los seres vivos, ya que el plomo afecta los sistemas nervioso, hematológico, cardiovascular y reproductivo; frente a ello, la biosorción, se presenta como un efectivo método alternativo, motivo por el cual el presente estudio tiene el objetivo de dar una visión general y actualizada sobre la capacidad biosortiva del Nostoc commune en la eliminación de plomo de aguas contaminadas. Se realizó la revisión y análisis del estado del arte en sus fases heurística y hermenéutica acerca de la capacidad biosortiva del Nostoc commune, recopilando artículos científicos y tesis relacionados a la biosorción del plomo utilizando descriptores como “biosorción”, “quimiosorción”, “Nostoc commune” “metales pesados”. Se resalta que la capacidad biosortiva está comprendida entre 247,35 y 384,62 mg pb / g de Nostoc commune; y el modelo que describe fue Langmuir (R2) comprendido entre 98,8 y 99,25%; siendo el Nostoc commune un potencial biosorbente altamente eficiente para separar el plomo de aguas contaminadas, a través de grupos carboxilos e hidroxilos, azúcares reductores, saponinas y aminoácidos, concluyendo que, el Nostoc commune tiene alto potencial biosorbente y muy efectivo para contrarrestar la presencia de plomo en el agua.

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Genuário, Diego Bonaldo, Marcelo Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz, Guilherme Scotta Hentschke, Célia Leite Sant’Anna, and Marli Fátima Fiore. "Halotia gen. nov., a phylogenetically and physiologically coherent cyanobacterial genus isolated from marine coastal environments." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_2 (February 1, 2015): 663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.070078-0.

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Nostoc is a common and well-studied genus of cyanobacteria and, according to molecular phylogeny, is a polyphyletic group. Therefore, revisions of this genus are urged in an attempt to clarify its taxonomy. Novel strains isolated from underexplored environments and assigned morphologically to the genus Nostoc are not genetically related to the ‘true Nostoc’ group. In this study, four strains isolated from biofilms collected in Antarctica and five strains originated from Brazilian mangroves were evaluated. Despite their morphological similarities to other morphotypes of Nostoc , these nine strains differed from other morphotypes in ecological, physiological and genetic aspects. Based on the phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene, the Antarctic sequences were grouped together with the sequences of the Brazilian mangrove isolates and Nostoc sp. Mollenhauer 1 : 1-067 in a well-supported cluster (74 % bootstrap value, maximum-likelihood). This novel cluster was separated phylogenetically from the ‘true Nostoc’ clade and from the clades of the morphologically similar genera Mojavia and Desmonostoc. The 16S rRNA gene sequences generated in this study exhibited 96 % similarity to sequences from the nostocacean genera mentioned above. Physiologically, these nine strains showed the capacity to grow in a salinity range of 1–10 % NaCl, indicating their tolerance of saline conditions. These results provide support for the description of a new genus, named Halotia gen. nov., which is related morphologically to the genera Nostoc , Mojavia and Desmonostoc. Within this new genus, three novel species were recognized and described based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer secondary structures: Halotia branconii sp. nov., Halotia longispora sp. nov. and Halotia wernerae sp. nov., under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.

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Kaleem, Muhammad, Lubna Anjum Minhas, Muhammad Zafar Hashmi, Mohammad Ajmal Ali, Rania M. Mahmoud, Saddam Saqib, Moona Nazish, Wajid Zaman, and Abdul Samad Mumtaz. "Biosorption of Cadmium and Lead by Dry Biomass of Nostoc sp. MK-11: Kinetic and Isotherm Study." Molecules 28, no. 5 (March 1, 2023): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052292.

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Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are global environmental pollutants. In this study, Nostoc sp. MK-11 was used as an environmentally safe, economical, and efficient biosorbent for the removal of Cd and Pb ions from synthetic aqueous solutions. Nostoc sp. MK-11 was identified on a morphological and molecular basis using light microscopic, 16S rRNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis. Batch experiments were performed to determine the most significant factors for the removal of Cd and Pb ions from the synthetic aqueous solutions using dry Nostoc sp. MK1 biomass. The results indicated that the maximum biosorption of Pb and Cd ions was found under the conditions of 1 g of dry Nostoc sp. MK-11 biomass, 100 mg/L of initial metal concentrations, and 60 min contact time at pH 4 and 5 for Pb and Cd, respectively. Dry Nostoc sp. MK-11 biomass samples before and after biosorption were characterized using FTIR and SEM. A kinetic study showed that a pseudo second order kinetic model was well fitted rather than the pseudo first order. Three isotherm models Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin were used to explain the biosorption isotherms of metal ions by Nostoc sp. MK-11 dry biomass. Langmuir isotherm, which explains the existence of monolayer adsorption, fitted well to the biosorption process. Considering the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of Nostoc sp. MK-11 dry biomass was calculated as 75.757 and 83.963 mg g−1 for Cd and Pb, respectively, which showed agreement with the obtained experimental values. Desorption investigations were carried out to evaluate the reusability of the biomass and the recovery of the metal ions. It was found that the desorption of Cd and Pb was above 90%. The dry biomass of Nostoc sp. MK-11 was proven to be efficient and cost-effective for removing Cd and especially Pb metal ions from the aqueous solutions, and the process is eco-friendly, feasible, and reliable.

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Li, Zhuoyu, and Min Guo. "Healthy efficacy of Nostoc commune Vaucher." Oncotarget 9, no. 18 (December 22, 2017): 14669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.23620.

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Beattie, Kenneth A., Kunimitsu Kaya, Tomoharu Sano, and Geoffrey A. Codd. "Three dehydrobutyrine-containing microcystins from Nostoc." Phytochemistry 47, no. 7 (April 1998): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00769-3.

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38

Lang, Imke, and Ivo Feussner. "Oxylipin formation in Nostoc punctiforme (PCC73102)." Phytochemistry 68, no. 8 (April 2007): 1120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.02.028.

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Hudek, L., S. Rai, A. Michalczyk, L. C. Rai, B. A. Neilan, and M. Leigh Ackland. "Physiological metal uptake by Nostoc punctiforme." BioMetals 25, no. 5 (May 17, 2012): 893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-012-9556-4.

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Osborne, B. "The Gunnera–Nostoc symbiosis in context." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146, no. 4 (April 2007): S216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.469.

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41

Bergman, Birgitta, and Bruce Osborne. "The Gunnera— Nostoc Symbiosis." Biology & Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 102, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2002.102.1.35.

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Engelhardt, Harald. "Nostoc flagelliforme – ein Bakterium unter Naturschutz." Biologie in unserer Zeit 49, no. 1 (February 2019): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201970109.

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43

DENG, Zhong-Yang, Chun-Lan YAN, Qiang HU, and Zheng-Yu HU. "THE RESEARCH ADVANCE OF NOSTOC SPHAEROIDES." Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 32, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/issn1000-3207-2008-3-393-3.

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Torres-Maza, Antony, Carla Yupanqui-Bacilio, Víctor Castro, Elza Aguirre, Eudes Villanueva, and Gilbert Rodríguez. "Comparison of the hydrocolloids Nostoc commune and Nostoc sphaericum: Drying, spectroscopy, rheology and application in nectar." Scientia Agropecuaria 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.04.14.

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LI, Yun-Guang, and Kun-Shan GAO. "EFFECTS OF HYPERHALINE STRESS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NOSTOC COMMUNE AND NOSTOC SPHAEROIDES." Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 27, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/issn1000-3207-2003-3-227-f.

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TACHIBANA, SATORU. "A new species, Cricotopus cataractaenostocicola, living in a cyanobacterial colony on vertical rocky substrates with trickling water film in Japan (Diptera: Chironomidae)." Zootaxa 5178, no. 3 (August 26, 2022): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5178.3.3.

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Trickling water on nearly vertical rocky substrates is a common feature of mountainous regions of Japan. The thin water film is inhabited by discoid colonies of the cyanobacteria Nostoc. This species resembles the North American Nostoc parmelioides Kützing, which forms ear-like colonies in stream beds and is inhabited by symbiotic chironomid larvae. The Nostoc colony in Japan was inhabited by a chironomid larva inside a ring-shaped burrow in the colony. Morphological analyses suggested that these individuals belong to a new species closely related to Cricotopus spp. symbiotic with Nostoc parmelioides. Here, we described the chironomid species Cricotopus cataractaenostocicola sp. nov. The species was distinguished from other congeneric species mainly by the morphology of male hypopygia. It has an anal point and long setae on the outside of the gonocoxite, and does not have setae near the apex of the inner lobe in the gonocoxite. Almost all the Nostoc colonies contained one large larva or pupa. The outer layer of the chironomid-symbiotic Nostoc colony had an elastic hardness. The 3D computer tomography (3DCT) scan showed a connected network of internal passages that are sufficiently wide to be traversed by the larvae, suggesting that cavities are present for the larvae to pass through. Future studies should investigate the formation of cavities and their purpose. As pioneers in the observation of living organisms using 3DCT, we provided the CT data to the Natural History Museum in Vienna.

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Huo, Da, Hua Li, Fangfang Cai, Xiaoyu Guo, Zhiyi Qiao, Weibo Wang, Gongliang Yu, and Renhui Li. "Genome Evolution of Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc Species: From Facultative Symbiosis to Free Living." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102015.

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In contrast to obligate bacteria, facultative symbiotic bacteria are mainly characterized by genome enlargement. However, the underlying relationship of this feature with adaptations to various habitats remains unclear. In this study, we used the global genome data of Nostoc strains, including 10 novel genomes sequenced in this study and 26 genomes available from public databases, and analyzed their evolutionary history. The evolutionary boundary of the real clade of Nostoc species was identified and was found to be consistent with the results of polyphasic taxonomy. The initial ancestral species of Nostoc was demonstrated to be consistent with a facultative symbiotic population. Further analyses revealed that Nostoc strains tended to shift from facultative symbiosis to a free-living one, along with an increase in genome sizes during the dispersal of each exterior branch. Intracellular symbiosis was proved to be essentially related to Nostoc evolution, and the adaptation of its members to free-living environments was coupled with a large preference for gene acquisition involved in gene repair and recombination. These findings provided unique evidence of genomic mechanisms by which homologous microbes adapt to distinct life manners and external environments.

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Chuquilín Goicochea, Roberto Carlos, and Dyana Daysi Rosales Laguna. "ESTUDIO DE LA BIOSORCIÓN DE Cd (II) Y Pb (II) USANDO COMO ADSORBENTE Nostoc sphaericum Vaucher." Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú 82, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v82i1.51.

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Se evaluó la capacidad de biosorción del Nostoc sphaericum Vaucher en sistema por lotes. Las condiciones fueron: concentración de metal entre 40 y 240 ppm, pH de 2 a 5; 0,13 g de nostoc seco por 50 mL de solución, a 25 °C y en agitación. Las concentraciones de Cd (II) y Pb (II) se determinaron por Espectroscopía de Absorción Atómica. El modelo de isoterma de Langmuir se ajustó para Pb (II) (R2=99,97%, p > 0,00), con qmax de 185,83 mg/g de Nostoc y Kd de 0,095 L/g, sin embargo, ninguno de los modelos estudiados explicaron los resultados para Cd (II). Se demostró que el pH es directamente proporcional a la capacidad de biosorción para Pb (II), siendo máxima a pH 5 (q = 37,43 mg Cd/g de Nostoc). La biosorción de Cd (II) fue máxima a pH 3 (q = 17,12 mg Cd/g de Nostoc) sin mostrar comportamiento definido a pH mayores o menores a 3. La cinética de biosorción de Cd (II) y Pb (II) se ajustó a un modelo de pseudo segundo orden (R2 = 98,38% y 99,99%, respectivamente, p<0,05). El tamizaje fitoquímico demostró la presencia de saponinas, azúcares reductores y aminoácidos.

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Kaasalainen, Ulla, Jouni Jokela, David P. Fewer, Kaarina Sivonen, and Jouko Rikkinen. "Microcystin Production in the Tripartite Cyanolichen Peltigera leucophlebia." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 6 (June 2009): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-6-0695.

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We show that the cyanobacterial symbionts of a tripartite cyanolichen can produce hepatotoxic microcystins in situ. Microcystins were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry both from cephalodia of the tripartite cyanolichen Peltigera leucophlebia and from a symbiotic Nostoc strain isolated from the same lichen specimen. Genetic identities of symbiotic Nostoc strains were studied by amplifying and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Also, the presence of the microcystin synthetase gene mcyE was confirmed by sequencing. Three highly toxic microcystins were detected from the lichen specimen. Several different Nostoc 16S rRNA haplotypes were present in the lichen sample but only one was found in the toxin-producing cultures. In culture, the toxin-producing Nostoc strain produced a total of 19 different microcystin variants. In phylogenetic analysis, this cyanobacterium and related strains from the lichen thallus grouped together with a previously known microcystin-producing Nostoc strain and other strains previously isolated from the symbiotic thalloid bryophyte Blasia pusilla. Our finding is the first direct evidence of in situ production of microcystins in lichens or plant–cyanobacterial symbioses. Microcystins may explain why cyanolichens and symbiotic bryophytes are not among the preferred food sources of most animal grazers.

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Campos-Rudin, Manuel, and Ana Margarita Silva-Benavides. "Ammonium and phosphate removal using batch laboratory cultures by microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from Costa Rica water bodies." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 1-1 (May 10, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.33263.

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This research analyzed three green microalgae (Scenedesmus sp., Chlamydomonas sp., and Chlorella sp.) and two cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. as unicellular strain and Nostoc sp. as filamentous strain) native from Costa Rica to remove high concentrations of ammonium and phosphate. Cultures were exposed for 120 h to initial concentrations of 70 mgL-1 ammonium and 9 mgL-1 phosphate, under constant light intensity of 60 µmol m-2s-1. Chlorella sp. showed the highest growth rate, followed by Chlamydomonas sp. and the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. In contrast, Scenedesmus sp. and Synechocystis sp. cultures grew less than the other ones. The highest percentage of ammonium removal was achieved with Chlorella sp. followed by Chlamydomonas sp. and Synechocystis sp., then Scenedesmus sp. and Nostoc sp. Microalgae removed totally the initial phosphate concentration within 72 h, while cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. and Nostoc sp. removed phosphate partially. These microorganisms are promising for wastewater reclamation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nostoc'

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