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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Norway – Social conditions – 17th century'
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1
Tsakiropoulou, Ioanna Zoe. "The piety and charity of London's female elite, c.1580-1630 : the wives and widows of the aldermen of the City of London." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1b933cc5-905a-4be0-b10b-a20aec49997a.
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Why was an ideal of elite women's virtue promoted in London c. 1580-1630, and why was it based on their reformed piety and charity? To what extent can elite women's piety and charity reveal their religious identity, among an elite characterised as 'puritan' by contemporaries and historians? How did women practise piety and charity in a worldly City, and did they share a civic ethos? This thesis engages with historiographies of urban history, the history of charity and hospitality, and gender history. It concerns over 400 wives and widows of the 331 aldermen elected 1540-1630, and uses 78 widows' wills. Women's wills are analysed qualitatively save to consider widows' public charitable bequests. From preambles to exceptionally diffuse bequests, wills are an intimate source for studying women's religious identity through their piety and charity. They reveal women's understanding of their gender in a patriarchal society that fostered an attitude of sorority that is particularly evident in women's charity and hospitality. To study the piety and charity of aldermen's wives extra-testamentary personal evidence complements the wills. Sources written by women themselves include a household book used to reconstruct a woman's charity and hospitality, portraits, devotional works and letters. Sources of praise and abuse authored by men including Stow's Survay, funeral sermons, verse libel and verbal abuse are used to reconstruct ideals and antitypes of elite female virtue and hypocrisy, and are read critically in comparison with other sources to furnish evidence of female piety and social conduct. Chapter II-VII focus on the conforming female elite, comparing contemporary discussion of female piety, charity and religious identity to women's lives and practice in the household and the community, and Chapter VIII considers three Catholic women to ask to what extent the civic ethos shared by reformed City women could accommodate even their recusant kinswomen.
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Davie, Neil A. J. "Custom and conflict in a Wealden village : Pluckley 1550-1700." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a39fbf1a-88ce-4ba3-a53a-d649587c4a6d.
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This thesis aims to determine the relationship between demographic/socio-economic and cultural change in an early modern English village. The village of Pluckley in the Weald of Kent was chosen for the richness of surviving documentation both at a regional and a parochial level. This has enabled Pluckley's experience over the 150-year period after 1550 to be located in the context of regional developments, thus permitting a fuller appreciation of the significance of such micro-history to the national life of the period. Pluckley's geographical location on the boundary between scarpland and wealden Kent resulted in a relative shortage of common, waste and forest suitable for encroachment or squatting. This spared the village the high levels of immigration found in many woodland-pasture communities, but considerable indigenous population growth during the 1590s-1620s needed to be accomodated. This required the sub-division of many existing holdings; a process made possible by the expansion of textile manufacture in the region. The result was two-fold: a consolidation in the position of small husbandmen and craftsmen in the village at the expense of more substantial landholders; and an increase in the numerical importance of Pluckley's poorest strata -labourers, cottagers, poor craftsmen and widows. Two responses to the interlocking demographic and economic crisis of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries can be observed. One was the emigration of perhaps ten per cent of Pluckley's households in the three decades following the industrial crisis of 1630-1. The other was revealed in the apparent resentment of some village officeholders -many of them middling farmers not immune to the financial pressures of the period- to the increased burden posed by the expanding population of poor in the village. This resentment found expression in an attempt to tighten standards of sexual and marital conduct during the period 1590-1640. There is no evidence, however/ that sustained reforming activity in the village extended beyond sexual regulation to other 'disorders' associated by contemporaries with popular culture. Relatively low levels of poverty in the village (compared with elsewhere in mid-Kent) may have hindered the emergence of a powerful Puritan lobby bent on such reforms; though fissures within Pluckley's ruling elite as well as demographic and economic developments may have played their part in the continuing weakness of the 'godly' cause.
3
Zweigman, Leslie Jeffrey. "The role of the gentleman in county government and society : the Gloucestershire Gentry, 1625-1649." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=76528.
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This study presents a picture of the social, political and economic life of the Gloucestershire county community on the eve of, and during the civil war, and discusses the causes and effects of the conflict in the Gloucestershire context.Chapter One describes the county in 1640, studying its physical features, wealth and pursuits and social structure. The second chapter offers a survey of the 'county community,' the prominent county families who formed a small but most powerful and influential group in the county.
Chapter Three attempts to classify the established county gentry in terms of landed income and to consider how far it is possible to describe the class as 'rising' during the early seventeenth century. The fourth chapter covers the personal lives of the resident peers and major gentry, considering the strength and impact of kinship and marriage bonds among the leading families.
Chapter Five considers the role of the gentry is governors of the shire. The sixth chapter traces the development of opposition in the county to the policies of the Caroline government.
Chapter Seven presents a narrative of 1640-42. The next chapter suggests that, at the beginning of the civil war, the elite gentry families began losing their predominance in county affairs due to external commitments and divisions among them.
The ninth chapter describes military rule in Gloucestershire between 1642 and 1646. Finally, the last chapter assesses some of the effects of civil war.
4
Thomsett, Andrea Irma Irene. "Festival representation beyond words : the Stuttgart baptism of 1616." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29760.
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The representation of a Stuttgart court festival in a fascinating book of prints has received no art historical attention. The cultural production of German lands in a complex and obscure time described by one historian as being particularly bereft of "textbook facts", has not elicited much scholarly interest. In the seventeenth century before confessional disputes within the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation turned into armed conflict, small German territorial courts modelled themselves on and assumed the courtly style of the larger European courts. The Stuttgart baptism of 1616 presents an interesting case study of the use of a courtly spectacle by a secondary court at a time of great instability. The baptism festival served as a stage to display an alliance of some German Protestant princes that held a promise of international support for the Protestant cause.
The Wurttemberg court commissioned lengthy texts and a large number of engravings to represent the event. This study will address the contributions made by printed images to the festival program. The key documents for this study are the texts which complement and at times diverge from the visual representation. The differences between the visual and textual material will serve to locate the function of the visual representation of a festival held at a time of impending conflict. The triumphal procession format of the
engravings discloses a strategy of disenfranchisement of a powerful parliament while it serves to assert the rank of the court within and outside the German empire. The complex amalgams of imagery that are interspersed in the paper procession allude, I suggest, to the problems presented to the Wurttemberg court by an uneasy alliance of Protestant courts within the empire. The engravings served to encode references to problematic issues such as the survival of the Holy Roman Empire, the rights of Protestant territorial princes to form an alliance and the hopes for outside help for the Protestant cause.Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Browne, Marilyn K. (Marilyn Kay). "Opera and the Galant Homme: Quinault and Lully's Tragedie en musique, Atys, in the Context of Seventeenth-Century Modernism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278309/.
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The tragedie en musique of Quinault and Lully was a highly successful new genre, representative of contemporary Parisian life. However, it is still largely viewed in the negative terms of its detractors, the proponents of classical tragedy. The purpose of this study is to redefine the tragedie en musique in terms of seventeenth-century modernism. An examination of the society and poetry of the contemporary gallant world provides the historical framework for an analysis of both the libretto and music of Quinault and Lully's Atys (1676). This study attempts to bridge the historical and cultural distances that until now have hindered accessibility to this major new genre in seventeenth-century literature and music.
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Vanhaelen, Engeline Christine. "Guilty pleasures : the uses of farcical prints for children in early modern Amsterdam." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ46439.pdf.
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Cast, Andrea Snowden. "Women drinking in early modern England." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc346.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-415) Investigates female drinking patterns and how they impacted on women's lives in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in early modern England. Deals with female drinking as a site of contention between insubordinate women and the dominant paradigm of male expectations about drinking and drunkeness. Female drinking patterns integrated drinking and drunkeness into women's lives in ways that enhanced bonding with their female friends, even if it inconvenienced their husbands and male authorities. Drunken sociability empowered women.
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SUNDSBACK, Kariin. "Norwegian women's migration to Amsterdam and Hoorn, 1600-1750 : life experiences, social mobility and integration." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14989.
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Defence date: 25 October 2010Examining Board: Prof. Giulia Calvi (EUI) – Supervisor; Prof. Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla (EUI); Prof. Willem Frijhoff - (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) - External Supervisor; Prof. Jan Lucassen (International Institute of Social History Amsterdam)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This is a thesis on micro-history that has the life-experiences of individual women as its central theme. These women did not live spectacular lives; they were not famous or well known by their contemporaries and hardly any of them are remembered today. What made them remarkable was their migration overseas from their home regions in Norway to the Dutch Republic. This is their contribution to history. The central theme of this book is the Norwegian female migrants in the early modern Dutch Republic in general and, specifically, the Norwegian female migrants in Amsterdam and Hoorn. On an individual level these Norwegian women have been studied and their life-experiences have been analyzed by using numerous different sources, both Dutch and Norwegian. However, though the results are unique, satisfying and will certainly contribute to ongoing research on migrants, there are lacunas in this work which need to be addressed before the results are presented.
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MCCORMACK, Danielle. "Protestant political culture in Ireland, 1660-1667 : the discourse and capture of power." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29617.
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Defence date: 17 December 2013Examining Board: Professor Martin van Gelderen, University of Göttingen (EUI Supervisor); Professor Robert Armstrong, Trinity College Dublin (External Supervisor); Prof Jonathan Scott, University of Auckland; Professor Ann Thomson, European University Institute.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Studies of Ireland in the 1660s invariably focus on the mechanisms of the land settlement. This was the process by which property rights were settled under the Stuarts following the programme of confiscation and transplantation that had been implemented during the Protectorate. This thesis is a study of the political processes that accompanied and determined the Stuart settlement. It complements works that delineate the land settlement while providing an original contribution to the political history of the period. The Stuart Restoration ushered in a period of instability for Irish Protestants and their tenure of power in the kingdom as regime change brought challenges to the moral and legal basis of power that had been established under the preceding government. Catholic challenges to Protestant power have been examined, demonstrating the importance of understandings and ideas to the justification of power. Catholics formulated legal and moral arguments against the continued dominance of Protestants in the kingdom, thereby undermining the idea that Protestant power was the rightful outcome of a war in which they had been persecuted and in which Catholics had behaved treacherously. Meanwhile, physical clashes between members of the two confessional groups were imagined as the continuation of the war of the 1640s and 1650s. The manner in which Protestant identity was promoted proved a challenge to royal authority as Protestants insisted that governance be rooted in their understandings of the recent past. This past was promoted as the victory of the 'English', leaving little room for veneration of the role of a king whose presence on the throne had not been necessary to English triumph. The king was called upon to officially sanction and adopt the attributes of the 'English in Ireland' and his reluctance to do so proved contentious. The hostilities which were aroused led to political dissidence in the context of wider 'anti-popish' and anti-monarchical sentiment in Britain and this thesis explores the manner in which general concerns could be expressed through rivalries over land in Ireland. This thesis is a study of the symbiotic relationship between ideas and actions in the 1660s. It shows that Ireland was a battleground for competing conceptions of society and history and that it proved an early site of conflict for the restored regime.
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Wu, Po-ting, and 吳柏霆. "Foucauldian Concept of Resistance and 17th Century French Female Marital Conditions and Social Expectations in Three Moliére Plays." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97091653140152350211.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
英語學系
95
Abstract This thesis aims to use Foucault’s discourses on power relations to discuss the true marital situation of the female in 17th century French society and the fate faced by the female protagonists of three Molière plays, Tartuffe, The School for Wives and The Miser. According to Foucault, power relations must shift and flow, so the oppressed condition could very possibly be turned around, and the oppressed women always had some possibility to resist. Therefore, we will apply Foucault’s power theory to 17th century French society, the classical model of European feudal society. We believe that the Foucauldian power theory should work at all times, which means that, even under the extreme feudalism of French society where the role the female played was grossly inferior to that of more modern times, power relations still saw changes, still found crevices through which to shift and to flow, and women still had opportunities, or created means, to resist. Power relations exist anywhere and at any time. And they are never absolute or definite; power must flow and power must ebb. In this thesis, we aim to provide you with concrete examples both from history and our texts, and all these would come to prove that Foucauldian theory is essentially correct —“where there is power, there is resistance” (Ransom 129).
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ØSTHUS, Hanne. "Contested authority : master and servant in Copenhagen and Christiania, 1750-1850." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/30901.
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Defence date: 16 December 2013Examining Board: Professor Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla, European University Institute, (Supervisor); Professor Hilde Sandvik, University of Oslo (External Supervisor); Professor Ida Bull, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Professor Luca Molà, European University Institute.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis investigates the relationship between masters and domestic servants in Copenhagen and Christiania between 1750 and 1850. Living and working together, their relationship was structured around a contract between two individuals and at the same time specific norms dictating the master's responsibility for his servant's moral and physical well-being. In turn, the servant was instructed to be deferential and respectful. I examine how the relationship between master and servant was legitimized, enforced and contested in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a time of economic, political and societal change. In the thesis, I argue that the master-servant relationship was transformed during the period 1750 to 1850. Hiring contracts became shorter, preoccupation with family life cast servants as outsiders and an increasing separation of work and home life relegated them to the realm of what came to be categorized as private, while they still continued to be contracted labour. At the same time, servants in Copenhagen and Christiania were waged workers throughout the period 1750 to 1850, and there seem to have been little indication that either masters, mistresses or the servants themselves viewed the servants as integrated members of the family. Yet, throughout the century between 1750 and 1850 there was a continued emphasis on the servant's subordination, and language that stressed their subjugated status in the household persisted in law, in civil lawsuits between masters and servants and in fiction and prose on domestic service throughout the period 1750 to 1850. But while the fact that servants were subordinate members of a household subject to the authority of the master as well as hired help often working on contracts of six months or less was not perceived as contradictory in 1750, it came to be so by 1850. By the late eighteenth century legal minds began to struggle with whether legislation on the master-servant relationship should be classified as a contractual law or family law. It became a problem of taxonomy; a problem that continued to manifest itself during the nineteenth century when work and family came to be perceived as increasingly separate.
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Cast, Andrea Snowden. "Women drinking in early modern England / Andrea Snowden Cast." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21698.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-415)viii, 415 leaves ; 30 cm.
Investigates female drinking patterns and how they impacted on women's lives in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in early modern England. Deals with female drinking as a site of contention between insubordinate women and the dominant paradigm of male expectations about drinking and drunkeness. Female drinking patterns integrated drinking and drunkeness into women's lives in ways that enhanced bonding with their female friends, even if it inconvenienced their husbands and male authorities. Drunken sociability empowered women.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2002
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LOMBARDI, Daniela. "Povertà maschile, povertà femminile: l'Ospedale dei mendicanti nella Firenze medicea." Doctoral thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5884.
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Raymond, Stuart A. 1945. "Seventeenth-century Week St. Mary, Cornwall : including an edition of the probate records, 1598 to 1699." 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armr272.pdf.
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Schmitz, Ryan Thomas 1975. "Deceit, disguise, and identity in Cervantes's Novelas ejemplares." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18413.
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One of the most salient characteristics of Cervantes's literary production is his fascination, one might even say his obsession, with the human capacity for transformation. Nearly all of his plays, novellas, and novels feature characters that adopt alternative identities and disguise or dissimulate their true, original selves. The Novelas ejemplares (1613) encompass a veritable cornucopia of characters that pass themselves off as another. There are women who pass as men, Christians as Turks, Catholics as Protestants, and noblemen as gypsies, among many others. Identity, or at least its appearance, is represented as fluid and malleable. By creatively controlling the signs that they project in public, the characters of the novellas demonstrate a remarkable ability to adapt to innumerable contingencies. Similarly, subjects of the Spanish empire, driven particularly by ethno-religious and socio-economic motives, utilized craft and guile to conceal their identity or simulate another. On a theoretical level, both in Spain and throughout Europe, intellectuals explored the human capacity for transformation, and there emerged a new sense of interiority. As Stephen Greenblatt observes, in the Renaissance, "there appears to be an increased self-consciousness about the fashioning of human identity as a manipulable, artful process" (2). In this study I examine the abundance of deceit and disguise in Cervantes's collection of twelve novellas within the work's sociohistorical context. Specifically, I analyze how the novellas are embedded in two particular threads of cultural discourse on human identity: Spanish social history and early modern European intellectual history.text