Journal articles: 'Norway – Economic policy – History'

1

Lange, Even, and Helge Pharo. "Planning and economic Policy in Norway, 1945–1960*." Scandinavian Journal of History 16, no. 3 (January 1991): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468759108579219.

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Vorobiev, A. A. "Peculiarities of the Research of the History of Western European Countries, Case of Norway." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(44) (October 28, 2015): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-5-44-14-23.

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Abstract: Researcing of history of small advanced countries of Western Europe has a number of specific features, which are connected to its socio-economic level and dynamic development and the dependence on the external economic factor. So the article is devoted to the analysis of regularity of the development of the industry of Norwegian economic specialization (energy sector) in the international division of labour as an important element of its historical development. The author of the article analyzes the influence of the energy sector on the political life of the country, the balance of political forces, legislation, foreign policy priorities, and the history of the development of society. At the same time he uses the interdisciplinary approach to determine the relationship of cause and effect between historical events to compile a complete historical picture. The author concludes that the regularities in history are universal and concern all small highly developed countries of Western Europe including Norway. The complex of economic, social, political, financial, legal, tax, environmental and other measures of state support to specialized branches of the national economy is the main semantic rod of historical events in many of the small countries of Western Europe. Analysis of individual industries of the economy in the international division of labor should be an integral part of researches of the historical development of small countries which have a narrow structure of economy, because it helps to understand the peculiarities of the historical development of nations.

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Zadorin, Maksim Y., and Ekaterina S. Kotlova. "The ‘hybrid model’ of Norway’s ethnic policy in its northern counties: a key to stable interethnic relations." Baltic Region 11, no. 2 (2019): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2019-2-1.

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In this article, we study the political and legal model currently used by Norway in its Northern counties. This work is a part of comprehensive research supported by the Russian Science Foundation. Our study aims to provide a historical perspective to the model of Norway’s national ethnic policy in the Northern counties by identifying the operational capabilities and assessing the efficiency of these models amid increasing migration flows and changes in the country’s socio-economic environment. The methods we use in this multidisciplinary study are situated at the interface of national and international law, political science, history, and sociology. They include the comparative historical method (the dynamics of ethno-political processes), the systemic method (ethic policy in the framework of target-based programme management), the comparative law method (a comparison of national legal systems and international contractual standards), the value and norm-driven method (ethnic policy viewed through the prism of public good), institutional method (the role of political institutions), and the secondary analysis of sociological data. We also rely on qualitative methods, namely, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on ethnic diasporas living in the North of Norway. As a result, we establish that the Kingdom of Norway has a unified approach to national ethnic policy, which rests on self-confessed multiculturalism. However, different ethnic political models are applied in the case of certain ethnic groups. Today, against the background of declared state multiculturalism and integration, the models of acculturation and non-violent assimilation are both operational in Norway. There are sporadic expressions of nationalism and voluntary segregation. We conclude that, despite a unified approach to ethnic policy and despite Norway’s political and legal achievements in the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights, the country’s government carries out a differentiated ‘hybrid’ ethnic policy towards ethnic groups living on its territory. The growing infighting between the right and the left parties in the Storting translates into unpopular and spur-of-the-moment political decisions as regards inter-ethnic relations.

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Skrobanek, Jan, and Solvejg Jobst. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Immigration: The transformation of Norwegian migration policy on asylum seekers." Sustainable development of the Baltic Sea Region 13, no. 2 (2021): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2021-2-7.

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Until just a year ago, hardly anyone believed that the increasingly unrestrained growth in mobility could be so abruptly interrupted by a radical immobilisation of large population groups. Neither mobility studies nor other research fields had foreseen this kind of scenario in their mobility and migration models. In the past decades, the belief in unconstrained mobility, as well as the practice of mobility and its scientific modelling, relied on the idea of unbounded growth at the sub-national, national and supra-national level. The article focuses on immigration to Norway, showing how institutional constraints were used to deal with the spread of COVID-19 and how they affected immigration to the country. Due to complexity reasons, we focus exclusively on the situation of asylum seekers, giving additional attention to unaccompanied minors. These groups’ migration status is assumed to make them especially susceptible to the newly established immigration measures. Drawing upon a combined focus of data on migration regulations and asylum application statistics, we examine what impact mobility-related COVID-19 measures implemented in Norway since January 2020 had on asylum procedures, asylum mobility and asylum applications in Norway.

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Steenblik, Ronald P., and Mark Mateo. "Western Europe's Long Retreat from Coal and Implications for Energy Trade." World Trade Review 19, S1 (July 2020): s98—s119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745620000269.

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AbstractWestern Europe's industrialization was powered largely by coal. Within 15 years after the end of the Second World War, however, governments were subsidizing coal and protecting producers from foreign competition while allowing their industries to contract in a way that avoided large-scale unemployment of miners. The oil-price shocks of 1973–1974 and 1979–1980 gave temporary reprieve to hard-coal production until international oil prices slumped in 1986. This event, combined with ever more stringent environmental regulations and, later, caps on carbon-dioxide emissions, led to the disappearance of subsidized coal mining in one country after another. As of the end of 2019, hard coal was still being mined – in small amounts – in only three Western European countries: Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom. This paper describes the history of the industry from 1945 through to the present, and the consequences of subsidy policy for trade in hard coal and its substitutes. A common observation is that a reduction in subsidized coal production by a country has not necessarily translated into increased imports of coal on a one-for-one basis.

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Leong, Ho Khai. "Malaysia - Malaysia's New Economic Policy. By Ahmad Idriss. Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publications, 1990. Pp. xv, 212. Figures, Tables, Notes, Bibliography. - Growth and Ethnic Inequality: Malaysia's New Economic Policy. By Just Faaland, J.R. Parkinson and Rais Saniman. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, in association with the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway, 1990. Pp. vii, 347. Tables, Boxes, Diagrams, Bibliography." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (September 1993): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400003015.

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Huxley, Peter John. "The development and results of the European Mental Health Integration Index (2014)." Journal of Public Mental Health 14, no. 4 (December 21, 2015): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-07-2015-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the development and results of the Mental Health Inclusion Index. Design/methodology/approach – Data gathering and interviews with key policy makers in 30 countries in Europe (the EU28 plus Switzerland and Norway). Data gathered enabled the production of an 18 indicator benchmarking index ranking the 30 countries based on their commitment to integrating people with mental illness. Findings – The main findings were: mental illness exacts a substantial human and economic toll on Europe, and there is a substantial treatment gap, especially for people with common mental health problems. Germany’s generous social provision and strong healthcare system put it number one in the Mental Health Integration Index. The UK and Scandinavian states come next. The lowest-scoring countries in the index are from Europe’s south-east, where there is a long history of neglect of mental illness and poorly developed community services. One needs to understand that the leading countries are not the only ones providing examples of best practice in integrating those with mental illness. Employment is the field of greatest concern for people with mental illness, but employment is also the area with the most inconsistent policies across Europe. A distinction can be made between countries whose policies are aspirational and those where implantation is support by substantial and most importantly sustained, resource investment. Europe as a whole is only in the early stages of the journey from institution- to community-based care. Lack of data makes greater understanding of this field difficult, and improvement can only be demonstrated by repeated surveys of this kind, based on more substantial, comprehensive and coherent information. Research limitations/implications – Usual caveats about the use of surveys. Missing data due to non-response and poverty of mental health inclusion data in many European countries. Practical implications – The author reflects on the findings and considers areas for future action. The main implications are: better services result from substantial, but most importantly, sustained investment; and that employment is most important to people with mental health problems, but is one of the most inconsistent policy areas across Europe. Social implications – Supports the need for consistent investment in community mental health services and more consistent employment policies in Europe. Originality/value – This survey is the first of its kind in Europe, and was conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit in London, and sponsored by Janssen.

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8

Fougner, Tore. "Economic Nationalism and Maritime Policy in Norway." Cooperation and Conflict 41, no. 2 (June 2006): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836706063661.

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9

Sejersted, Francis. "The development of economic history in Norway." Scandinavian Economic History Review 36, no. 3 (September 1988): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.1988.10408126.

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Sejersted, Francis. "Norway and the scandinavian economic history review." Scandinavian Economic History Review 50, no. 3 (September 2002): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2002.10410826.

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11

EICHENGREEN, BARRY. "Economic History and Economic Policy." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 2 (May 30, 2012): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000034.

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“The lessons of history” were widely invoked in 2008/09 as analysts and policymakers sought to make sense of the global financial crisis. Specifically, analogies with the early stages of the Great Depression of the 1930s were widely drawn. Building on work in cognitive science and literature on foreign policy making, this article seeks to account for the influence of this particular historical analogy and asks how it shaped both perceptions and the economic policy response. It asks how historical scholarship might be better organized to inform the process of economic policymaking. It concludes with some reflections on how research in economic history will be reshaped by the crisis.

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12

Korobochkin, Maxim. "Soviet policy toward Finland and Norway, 1947–1949." Scandinavian Journal of History 20, no. 3 (January 1995): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468759508579304.

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13

Mørland, Berit. "The history of health technology assessment in Norway." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, S1 (July 2009): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309090576.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the Norwegian contribution to the broad picture of our international health technology assessment (HTA) history.Methods: A general examination of some pre-HTA activities, as consensus conferences, closer reading of all background papers to the establishment of an HTA agency in Norway, the ongoing activities of this agency, its evaluation, and its merge into a broader knowledge center for the health services were performed. All information and statements are the authors’ own understandings, but also were reviewed by some of the people taken part in these processes.Results: The Norwegian HTA activity was set up rather late compared to, for instance, Sweden, and our involvement in Nordic early warning activities. This may be related to Norwegian scientists being more involved in the Cochrane Collaboration. However, when established, the HTA agency was regarded as highly successful in involving clinical experts and responding to questions arising from the macro- as well as micro-levels of decision makers. International collaboration was essential in building the capacity to serve all levels. After 6 years, the agency was merged with some related health service knowledge activities, into a new center.Conclusions: During the 10 years’ time, HTA has become a well-established activity in Norway.

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14

CAIRNCROSS, ALEC. "Economic Policy After 1974." Twentieth Century British History 3, no. 2 (1992): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/3.2.199.

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15

Larsen, Bodil Merethe. "Economic impacts of reducing NOx emissions in Norway." Environmental & Resource Economics 9, no. 1 (January 1997): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02441373.

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16

Kravdal, Øystein. "The Importance of Economic Activity, Economic Potential and Economic Resources for the Timing of First Births in Norway." Population Studies 48, no. 2 (July 1994): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000147786.

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17

Duménil, Gerard, Mark Glick, and Dominique Levy. "The History of Competition Policy as Economic History." Antitrust Bulletin 42, no. 2 (June 1997): 373–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x9704200203.

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18

Irwin, Douglas A. "Trade Policy in American Economic History." Annual Review of Economics 12, no. 1 (August 2, 2020): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-070119-024409.

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This article reviews the broad changes in US trade policy over the course of the nation's history. Import tariffs have been the main instrument of trade policy and have had three main purposes: to raise revenue for the government, to restrict imports and protect domestic producers from foreign competition, and to reach reciprocity agreements that reduce trade barriers. Each of these three objectives—revenue, restriction, and reciprocity—was predominant in one of three consecutive periods in history. The political economy of these tariffs has been driven by the location of trade-related economic interests in different regions and the political power of those regions in Congress. The review also addresses the impact of trade policies on the US economy, such as the welfare costs of tariffs, the role of protectionism in fostering US industrialization, and the relationship between the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act and the Great Depression of the 1930s.

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Bentkover, J., M. Bachleda, S. Kulseng-Hansen, R. Corey, and H. Kurth. "PUK4 AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER IN NORWAY." Value in Health 5, no. 3 (May 2002): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)61182-5.

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20

Басовская, Elena Basovskaya, Басовский, and Leonid Basovskiy. "Economic Growth Sustainability in the Present-Day World." Economics 2, no. 5 (October 10, 2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5964.

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The paper attempts to explore how sustainable is the growth of the world economy as a whole, of the largest regions of the world, of communities and individual national economies by applying the systems theory approach based on assessing dispersion of economic growth rates, calculated on the basis of IMF data for the 1970–2013 period. It is found that the world economic crisis is over. The world economy, as well as economies of the majority of regions, communities and nations all show sustainable growth. Economies of North African countries, of many European Union member states and of Norway show unsustainable growth. The current policy of imposing sanctions on Russia can result in recession in the EU countries and in Norway in the first place.

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Seip, Anne‐Lise. "Who cares? Child, family and social policy in twentieth‐century Norway∗." Scandinavian Journal of History 12, no. 4 (January 1987): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468758708579125.

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22

ELLINGSÆTER, ANNE LISE, RAGNI HEGE KITTERØD, and JAN LYNGSTAD. "Universalising Childcare, Changing Mothers’ Attitudes: Policy Feedback in Norway." Journal of Social Policy 46, no. 1 (May 30, 2016): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279416000349.

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AbstractThe way that welfare policies influence the interpretative processes of social actors is attracting increasing attention. In this article, we investigate policy change impacts on ideas mothers have about the best form of care for their children. The data are taken from representative surveys among mothers of preschool-age children in 2002 and 2010 in Norway. The surveys cover a decade of marked reforms in childcare services with regard to the supply of places, parents’ fees and the right to be given a place in care. Policy change gave rise to major shifts in attitude. From conditional attitudes to the suitability of institutional care, the majority view shifted towards ‘childcare services only’ being considered the best form of care for preschool-age children. This occurred among mothers in all socio-economic groups and in all parts of the country. Based on policy feedback theories, mechanisms likely to have caused this shift – policy visibility, proximity and timing – are considered.

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Øksendal, Lars Fredrik. "Bank Rate policy in Norway, 1893–1914." Scandinavian Economic History Review 57, no. 3 (November 2009): 252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03585520903192130.

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Jøldal, Bjørn. "The Evaluation and Control of Drugs in Norway." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2, no. 4 (October 1986): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003500.

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The basic aim of a drug policy is to ensure that effective and safe drugs of good quality are available to cover the health needs of a country. A national drug policy should be considered an integral part of any comprehensive health-care policy. The formulation of national drug policies varies even between similar countries because of conflicting interests and different political, economic, and social pressures. It is influenced by such factors as:the health situation of the country;the medical care system;the education and training of health personnel;the social security and health-insurance schemes;drug research and development possibilities;the domestic production of drugs;the determination of the demand for drugs;the system of drug distribution;the possibilities for evaluation and control of drugs; andinternational policies on medicinal products.

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Aslani, Alireza, Maryam Hamlehdar, and Reza Saeedi. "Robustness of Norway Economy and Energy Supply/Demand." International Journal of Green Computing 8, no. 2 (July 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgc.2017070101.

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Energy has a strategic role in the social and economic development of the countries all over the world. Due to the high dependency on fossil fuels, fluctuations in prices and supply have macro/micro-economics effects for both energy exporters and importers. Therefore, understanding economic stability based on energy market changes is an important subject for policy makers and researchers. Norway, as a fossil fuel export country, is a good choice for the analysis of the relationships between the economics robustness and fossil fuel economics fluctuations. While the country is one of the pioneers in the field of sustainable energy utilization, they have tried to provide a robust economic situation for the oil exports revenues. In this article, the effects of energy changes on the economy are investigated in Norway. In this regard, first, the impact of oil price on macro-economic parameters is discussed. Afterwards, the main issues related to the energy economics including resilience of the energy sector, energy policies, economics analysis of the energy sector, and the electricity markets are discussed.

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26

Osland, Oddgeir. "Ecological Modernisation Revisited. In Norway." World Political Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wps-2016-0009.

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AbstractThe international debate on ecological modernisation goes into the core problem in climate policies: (how) can we combine the economic growth that is part and parcel of the market economy and reduce climate gas emissions by technological innovations? This article enters this debate by distinguishing between (i) ecological modernisation as a theory for political change, i.e. a policy strategy, (ii) ecological modernisation as an ambitious general social theory addressing the relation between core societal institutions such as the democracy, the state and the market, and (iii) political science analyses of this policy strategy. Such analyses can examine the results and therefore the validity of the policy strategy as well as contribute to ecological modernisation as a social theory by setting the state and political autonomy at the centre of the analyses. This article aims to give such a contribution by focussing on a limited but important area, the transport sector and more specific passenger transport. The empirical analysis shows that in climate policies in general and in relation to the transport sector in particular, the state has taken a role as a knowledge producing, calculative state, integrating climate consequences in decision-making processes and using pricing/taxes and technical demands as key instruments to reduce climate emissions. In aviation deregulation and competition have led to better services and lower prices, and concomitantly to an increased demand, with strong increase in aviation travels. Reduced emissions per passenger kilometre in car travel have been outweighed by increased transport volume.

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27

Howlett, Peter, and Alec Cairncross. "Economic Ideas and Government Policy: Contributions to Contemporary Economic History." Economic History Review 49, no. 3 (August 1996): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597798.

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28

Sand, Stine Agnete. "Creative Clusters – Urban Utopia or Regional Remedy?" Nordic Journal of Media Studies 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/njms-2020-0010.

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AbstractThe creative industries have had a major impact on cultural policy, and it is often argued that these industries can be a vehicle for regional growth. Using regional film production in Norway as a case, I discuss the creative industries, the cluster concept and its impact on policy. I analyse two film policy documents from 2007 and 2015 in order to show how the issue of size and critical mass is an unsettled topic within the creative industries, and I question the relevance of film as an economic and regional development tool in a country with a small film industry, such as Norway. This article shows that the creative industries concept, adopted from international discourses, especially creative industries policies in the UK, has influenced Norwegian film policy, reducing the importance of cultural objectives and increased the focus on the business potential and economic aspects of culture.

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29

Turner, Louis. "Economic sanctions reconsidered: history and current policy." International Affairs 62, no. 2 (1986): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618388.

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30

Doxey, Margaret, Gary Clyde Hufbauer, and Jeffrey J. Schott. "Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy." International Journal 41, no. 1 (1985): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40202364.

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31

Borins, Sandford. "Introducing Story into Economic History and Policy." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 30, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muz040.

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32

Diebold, William, Gary Clyde Hufbauer, and Jeffrey J. Schott. "Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy." Foreign Affairs 64, no. 2 (1985): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20042595.

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33

Navrud, S. "Economic valuation of inland recreational fisheries: empirical studies and their policy use in Norway." Fisheries Management and Ecology 8, no. 4-5 (August 2001): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2001.00267.x.

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Navrud, S. "Economic valuation of inland recreational fisheries: empirical studies and their policy use in Norway." Fisheries Management and Ecology 8, no. 4-5 (August 2001): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2001.00267.x.

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Needler, Martin C. "Economic Policy and Political Survival." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1052104.

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Holm, Hans-Henrik. "Economy in Flux — Security Suspended. Foreign Economic Relations and Security Policy for Nordic NATO." Cooperation and Conflict 22, no. 4 (September 1987): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001083678702200406.

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Despite the spectacular economic changes in the international system and in Denmark, Norway and Iceland since 1945, the security policies of these countries have been remarkably constant. On the basis of a juxtapositioning of the conflicting trends of development in the international economic and political system, it is predicted that security policy in these three NATO countries to the North is up for change in the future. Three scenarios, based on present economic tendencies, are outlined: 1. International integration through renewed US dominance; 2. Split up into economic- political regions; 3. Collapse of the international economic system. The resulting changes in the security policy of each of these three states are indicated and discussed.

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Parveen, Sumbul. "Norwegian Asylum Policy and Response to the 2015 Refugee Crisis." International Studies 57, no. 4 (October 2020): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881720965050.

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In recent years, Norway has emerged as an important destination of asylum for refugees. During the refugee crisis of 2015, Norway, with a total population of slightly above 5 million, received more than 31,000 applications for asylum. This was close to the total number of asylum seekers it had received in the last three years. This article discusses Norway’s history as an asylum destination as well as policies for the protection and integration of refugees. It focuses on how the refugee crisis of 2015 unfolded in Norway. The domestic political discourse and the response of civil society organizations are analysed. The article also looks at the changes introduced in the asylum policy and the role of the European Union in determining Norway’s response to the crisis.

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Cyndecka, Małgorzata Agnieszka. "EEA Law and the Climate Change. The Case of Norway." Polish Review of International and European Law 9, no. 2 (November 13, 2020): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2020.9.2.04.

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In 2019 the European Economic Area Agreement (EEA) celebrated 25 years of promoting the European integration and cooperation in economic and many other relevant matters. Climate issues were, however, not included in the negotiations of the EEA Agreement. Combating climate change is thus not listed as one of the objectives of the EEA environmental law. Furthermore, the Main Part of the EEA Agreement has not been updated since its entry into force. Still, the Agreement is the most relevant platform for the European cooperation in combating climate change. This article sheds light on the EU/EEA climate law and policy from the perspective of Norway that due to its energy sector is quite unique in the context of the EU climate policy. Moreover, Norway not only participates in most of the EU initiatives, but also takes actions to strengthen the EU/EEA cooperation in climate action and promotes setting ambitious climate goals.

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Storeide, Anette Homlong. "Angst, Anpassung oder Anregung?" Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 58, no. 1 (May 24, 2017): 199–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2017-0009.

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Abstract During the German occupation of Norway 1940-45, Göring launched a large-scale plan for a massive expansion of the Norwegian light metal industry in order to boost aircraft production for the Luftwaffe. This light metal project developed into the largest economic project in occupied Norway. A case study of the activities of the Norwegian enterprises, investors and industrialists who were involved in the light metal project sheds new light on the economic relations between German and Norwegian actors in occupied Norway. Dominant assumptions of the German occupational regime as a hegemonic force of exploitation, and the light metal project as a solely German initiative are put to question. However, the analysis of the Norwegian actors in the light metal project reveals that Norwegian participants had a leeway of manoeuvre, which they sought to utilize. The activity of Norwegian enterprises, investors and industrialists was characterized not mainly by anxiety or adjustment, but was rather marked by close cooperation with the occupational forces. The German occupation resulted in manifold business opportunities, und the urge for cooperation must be explained by competitive and commercial interests, and economic pragmatism rather than political and ideological motives.

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Kirikkaleli, Dervis, Rui Alexandre Castanho, Sema Yilmaz Genc, Modupe Oluyemisi Oyebanji, and Gualter Couto. "The Asymmetric and Long-Run Effect of Financial Stability on Environmental Degradation in Norway." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610131.

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Risks associated with climate change can have an injurious impact on the economy as well as the financial system as a whole. There is a possibility that certain risks, such as losses to financial intermediaries and disruptions in the functioning of financial markets, can aggravate vulnerabilities in the financial system under certain conditions, including sudden increases in the prices of large asset classes. Using the dataset for Norway between 1995 and 2018, this study investigates how financial stability affects environmental degradation in Norway while controlling openness in trade, ecological clean energy, and economic growth. Findings from the results demonstrate that (i) financial stability causes a reduction in environmental degradation; (ii) growth causes carbon emissions to climb significantly; and (iii) renewable energy has been favorable for emissions in Norway. Lastly, surprisingly, trade openness causes a decline in carbon emissions. The study recommends that since financial stability in Norway reduces environmental degradation by incorporating climate-related risks into the financial stability monitoring framework, it can contribute to lowering carbon emissions to a greater extent. Norway’s policymakers should conduct detailed analyses of the role of global emissions in long-term petroleum policy and the economic viability of selected climate policy scenarios before implementing such a policy. Moreover, policymakers should be updated on the financial system’s vulnerabilities, considering climate-related shocks are likely to affect all financial systems. In addition, policymakers should encourage the use of sustainable energy to raise the availability of reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy to everyone.

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Hoel, Virginia. "The Norwegian Seamen’s Mission in two North Sea ports 1864–1920: A national ‘home’ in an international maritime world." International Journal of Maritime History 27, no. 4 (November 2015): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871415610290.

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This study illuminates how the the identity and functioning of the Norwegian Seamen’s Mission was influenced by developing national sentiments in the period from the start of the Mission in 1864, until the aftermath of World War I c. 1920. The central hypothesis that the Mission must be understood within the broader cultural, political and economic context of Norway in the 19th century, was confirmed on the basis of extensive research of the correspondence between the pastors of the Mission working in the field and its headquarters in Bergen, Norway.

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Agarwal, Rishabh. "Economic Analysis of Renewable Power-to-Gas in Norway." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416882.

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The steep reduction in costs of electrolysis and methanation has made renewable power-to-gas much more affordable. Reeling from an energy crisis, Europe could use this technology for near-shoring production of clean and reliable synthetic natural gas (SNG) and end dependence on Russian gas. This article investigates the economic feasibility of producing SNG in Norway, which has amongst the cleanest and cheapest electricity production in Europe. It is found that SNG can be produced for 141 €/MWh at a 10 MW electrolyzer facility in 2023; and for 108 €/MWh at a larger 100 MW electrolyzer facility in 2030. The relevance of these prices is discussed in the context of the current and future European gas markets, and recommendations are made to reduce the production costs even further.

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Field, Alexander J. "Ideology, Economic Policy, and Economic History: Cohen and DeLong's Concrete Economics." Journal of Economic Literature 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1526–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20161442.

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Stephen S. Cohen and J. Bradford DeLong view US economic policy extending up to 1980 as pragmatically fostering growth. This they interpret as the Hamiltonian tradition, and their intent is to rescue policy debate from the data- and logic-free quagmire into which they believe it has fallen. Following an introduction, section 2 of this essay describes methods and evidence that permit statements about the historical influence of ideological thinking more empirically grounded than those essayed by the authors. Section 3 examines specific aspects of their narrative. Section 4 considers what we mean by ideological thinking, and why it might be deleterious. (JEL D72, E61, L52, N41, N42)

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Rockoff, Hugh, and Anthony S. Campagna. "U.S. National Economic Policy, 1917-1985." Journal of American History 75, no. 2 (September 1988): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1887964.

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Dumbrell, John, Anthony S. Campagna, and Joanna Spear. "Economic Policy in the Carter Administration." Journal of American History 83, no. 2 (September 1996): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945098.

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VRANGBÆK, KARSTEN, KATARINA ØSTERGREN, HANS OKKELS BIRK, and ULRIKA WINBLAD. "Patient reactions to hospital choice in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden." Health Economics, Policy and Law 2, no. 2 (April 2007): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174413310700401x.

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AbstractThis article is a comparative study of three Scandinavian countries – Norway, Denmark, and Sweden – all of which have provided the individual patient with extensive rights to choose the hospital where he/she wishes to receive treatment. In the paper, we present an analysis of the utilization of the opportunity to choose between hospitals in these three countries. The analysis addresses two questions: (i) How many patients are exercising the right to choose between hospitals in these countries and who is making use of this opportunity? (ii) How can we explain the observed utilization pattern? The results of the study reveal clear similarities between the three countries and suggest that few patients have actually chosen their hospital. However, a gradual increase can be observed over the years. Few formal, legislative, or economic barriers exist for patients. Instead, limited knowledge amongst patients regarding reforms, combined with insufficient support from GPs and limited information, can explain why few patients choose to receive care outside of their local region.

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Vennesland, Birger. "Measuring rural economic development in Norway using data envelopment analysis." Forest Policy and Economics 7, no. 1 (January 2005): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9341(03)00025-x.

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Yeasmin, Nafisa. "Implementation of the EU Immigration Policy in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region: Towards a Framework for Policy Analysis." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 5, no. 1 (2013): 603–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427-91000138.

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Abstract Finland and Sweden along with other countries in the Barents region wish to increase migration, in-line with their labour demands and demographic changes. These states have reformed their economic and immigration policy so that migrants may contribute to their national economies. However, they receive far fewer numbers of immigrants than envisaged. There is a need for increased cooperation within Barents Region on immigration issues, including integration of migrants for utilizing its natural resources properly. The European Union is an important actor in the Barents Region. The European Commission has been a member of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC) since the beginning of regional cooperation. Two out of four states are EU members, with Norway being part of the European Economic Area,1 meaning that many EU regulations are relevant for all Nordic countries, including Norway. EU policies can be also seen as models and examples of best practice. Moreover, EU-Russia cooperation and Northern Dimension may play a major role in agenda-setting for regional cooperation and major changes in EU-Russia relations (like a visa-free agreement) would have major influence on the situation in the region. This paper aims to investigate whether there is coherence in immigration policy and its implementation between Barents Region and the European Union, how the EU places itself within the existing actors and governance frameworks of BEAR, and which role it wants to take up in relation to the migration policy in the region. Finally, this paper aims to highlight the main barriers to implement the existing policies in practice.

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Tesfay, Yohannes Yebabe, and Per Bjarte Solibakke. "Econometric Modelling of the Variations of Norway’s Export Trade across Continents and over Time: The Two-Stage Non-Full Rank Hierarchical Linear Econometric Model Approach." Economics Research International 2015 (September 1, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/791805.

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This paper applies the two-stage hierarchical non-full rank linear econometric model to make a deep analysis based on revenue generated from key Norwegian export items over the world’s continents. The model’s ability to analyse the variation of Norway’s export trade gives us the following interesting details: (1) for each continent intra- and intervariation of export items, (2) access to deep knowledge about the characteristics of the Norway’s export items revenue, (3) quantifying the economic importance and sustainability of export items within continents; and finally (4) comparing a given export item economic importance across continents. The results suggest the following important policy implications for Norway. First, Europe is the most important trade partner for Norway. In fact, 81.5% of Norwegian export items are transported to Europe. Second, there is a structural shift in Norwegian exports from North and Central America to Asia and Oceania. Third, the new importance of Asia and Oceania is also emphasized by the 85% increase in export revenues over the period 1988–2012. The trade pattern has changed and trade policy must change accordingly. The analysis has shown that in 2012 there are two important export continents for Norway: Europe and Asia and Oceania.

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Forsyth, William, and Knut Borchardt. "Perspectives on Modern German Economic History and Policy." Economic History Review 45, no. 3 (August 1992): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2598069.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Norway – Economic policy – History'

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