Journal articles on the topic 'Northern Vanuatu'
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1
Guerin, Valerie, and Katsura Aoyama. "Mavea." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39, no. 2 (July 10, 2009): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100309003958.
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Mavea is spoken on the eponymous island, Mavea, a satellite island off the east coast of Espiritu Santo Island, northern Vanuatu. The language is highly endangered. There are about 34 fluent speakers on Mavea Island (aged 30 and older), out of a total island population of around 210. There are at least another 30 Mavea speakers who have left the island permanently. These speakers now live throughout Vanuatu, mainly on Espiritu Santo Island (in the villages of Deproma and Matevulu), Aore Island, and in Port Vila, the capital city of Vanuatu. All Mavea speakers are bilingual in Bislama, one of the official languages of Vanuatu.
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INEICH, IVAN. "The terrestrial herpetofauna of Torres and Banks Groups (northern Vanuatu), with report of a new species for Vanuatu." Zootaxa 2198, no. 1 (August 14, 2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2198.1.1.
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A recent herpetological field trip to the Torres Group, an island group located at the northernmost border of Vanuatu, about 150 km from the southernmost Solomon Islands, allowed the collection of about 300 reptile specimens. Among these, Lepidodactylus guppyi is a new species record for Vanuatu. I also provide many new species records for the Torres Group, including two recently introduced species. The terrestrial herpetofauna of the islands of the Torres Group is reviewed for the first time and compared (1) to that of the Solomon Islands and particularly the southern Solomon island groups (Santa Cruz Group) bordering the Torres Group in the north, (2) to the remainder of Vanuatu and particularly Espiritu Santo Island which I recently surveyed, and (3) to a neighbouring group of islands in northern Vanuatu, the Banks Group. The Banks and Torres Groups share the same herpetofauna and their affinities are much stronger to the remainder of Vanuatu than to the southern Solomon Islands, thus suggesting their similar paleopositions during Melanesian arc movements.
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François, Alexandre. "The historical morphology of personal pronouns in northern Vanuatu." Faits de Langues 47, no. 1 (2016): 25–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000003.
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Cleveland, K. Michael, Charles J. Ammon, and Thorne Lay. "Large earthquake processes in the northern Vanuatu subduction zone." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119, no. 12 (December 2014): 8866–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011289.
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JIANG, RI-XIN, ALBERTO BALLERIO, HAO-YI LIU, and SHUO WANG. "Description of the male of Pterorthochaetes yunnanensis Ballerio, 2014 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae)." Zootaxa 4950, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.12.
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The ceratocanthine genus Pterorthochaetes Gestro, 1898 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae) includes about 26 valid species and occurs from the eastern Himalaya (Nepal and India) and southern China to northern Australia (Queensland) and Vanuatu Islands (Paulian 1978, 1987; Ballerio 1999, 2006, 2013, 2014).
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François, Alexandre. "Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage." Journal of Historical Linguistics 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 175–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra.
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This study describes and explains the paradox of related languages in contact that show signs of both linguistic divergence and convergence. Seventeen distinct languages are spoken in the northernmost islands of Vanuatu. These closely related Oceanic languages have evolved from an earlier dialect network, by progressive diversification. Innovations affecting word forms — mostly sound change and lexical replacement — have usually spread only short distances across the network; their accumulation over time has resulted in linguistic fragmentation, as each spatially-anchored community developed its own distinctive vocabulary. However, while languages follow a strong tendency to diverge in the form of their words, they also exhibit a high degree of isomorphism in their linguistic structures, and in the organization of their grammars and lexicons. This structural homogeneity, typically manifested by the perfect translatability of constructions across languages, reflects the traditions of mutual contact and multilingualism which these small communities have followed throughout their history. While word forms are perceived as emblematic of place and diffuse to smaller social circles, linguistic structures are left free to diffuse across much broader networks. Ultimately, the effects of divergence and convergence are the end result, over time, of these two distinct forms of horizontal diffusion.
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Young, S., B. Leodoro, A. Toukune, R. Ala, I. Bissett, J. A. Windsor, A. J. Dare, and W. R. G. Perry. "Patient-Reported Barriers to Accessing Surgical Care in Northern Vanuatu." World Journal of Surgery 43, no. 12 (September 23, 2019): 2979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-019-05146-0.
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Ingleby, S., and D. Colgan. "Electrophoretic studies of the systematic and biogeographic relationships of the Fijian bat genera Pteropus, Pteralopex, Chaerephon and Notopteris." Australian Mammalogy 25, no. 1 (2003): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am03013.
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Allozyme variation at 24 - 29 presumptive loci was used to examine the systematic relationships between Fijian bats and those from neighbouring areas such as Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Guinea and Australia. Genetic data indicate that the Fijian bat fauna contains highly divergent taxa as well as some populations that are virtually indistinguishable electrophoretically from conspecifics in neighbouring islands groups, particularly species shared with Vanuatu. The endemic Fijian monkey-faced bat Pteralopex acrodonta, had a level of distinctiveness from two of its congeners in the Solomon Islands comparable to that between different genera. There was also considerable electrophoretic variation within what is generally considered a single species, the northern freetail-bat Chaerephon jobensis. The Australian form, C. j. colonicus, shows levels of divergence from the Fiji/Vanuatu subspecies, C. j. bregullae, consistent with that of a distinct species. C. j. solomonis from the Solomon Islands appears to represent a third species within this group. Moderate levels of divergence were found within the one subspecies of long-tailed flying-fox Notopteris macdonaldii sampled from Fiji and Vanuatu. In contrast to Pteralopex and Chaerephon, close affinities were found between and within several other southwest Pacific bat species, in particular, the two different subspecies of insular flying-fox Pteropus tonganus from Fiji, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. Low levels of genetic divergence were also found between P. tonganus and the morphologially similar spectacled flying-fox P. conspicillatus from Australia and New Guinea. The Samoan flying-fox Pteropus samoensis appeared to be most closely allied to the Temotu flying-fox Pteropus nitendiensis, from the Solomon Islands.
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Riehl, Anastasia K., and Dorothy Jauncey. "Tamambo." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35, no. 2 (December 2005): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100305002197.
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Tamambo is an Oceanic language spoken on the western half of the island of Malo in northern Vanuatu. There are at least 3000 speakers of the language, most of them living on Malo, with several hundred residing on the neighboring island of Santo and in the country's capital, Port Vila. Many speakers are also fluent in Bislama (an English-lexifier creole spoken in Vanuatu), one of three official languages. A dialect of Tamambo spoken on the eastern half of the island is now almost extinct, the main phonetic differences from the western dialect being the lack of prenasalized stops and labialized consonants, and the short articulation of vowels. Previous phonetic work on Tamambo is limited to a descriptive grammar of the language (Jauncey 1997).
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Francois, Alexandre. "Unraveling the History of the Vowels of Seventeen Northern Vanuatu Languages." Oceanic Linguistics 44, no. 2 (2005): 443–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ol.2005.0034.
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François, Alexandre. "The economy of word classes in Hiw, Vanuatu." Lexical flexibility in Oceanic languages 41, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 294–357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.41.2.03fra.
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Abstract The issue of lexical flexibility is best tackled as the articulation of two separate mappings: one that assigns lexical items to word classes; another one that associates these word classes with the syntactic functions they can access. A language may endow its lexemes with more or less multicategoriality, and its word classes with more or less multifunctionality: these are two distinct facets of lexical flexibility, which should be assessed separately. Focusing on Hiw, an Oceanic language of northern Vanuatu, I show that lexical flexibility is there mostly due to the high multifunctionality of its word classes, each of which can regularly access a broad array of syntactic functions. Conversely, Hiw ranks relatively low on the scale of multicategoriality: most of its lexemes are assigned just one word class. This is how a language can be grammatically flexible, yet lexically rigid.
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Falvey, D. A., J. B. Colwell, P. J. Coleman, H. G. Greene, J. G. Vedder, and T. R. Bruns. "PETROLEUM PROSPECTIVITY OF PACIFIC ISLAND ARCS: SOLOMON ISLANDS AND VANUATU." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90015.
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The limited petroleum search which has taken place in Pacific island arc areas has focused mainly on deep forearc or intra-arc basins, so far without success. Very few exploration wells have been drilled. The interpretation of the results of marine geophysical and geological surveys and research carried out in the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific, suggests that the thick volcaniclastic depocentres probably lack major petroleum potential. However, the margins of the basins are likely to be much more prospective. Marginal marine environments bordering the basins may generate immense quantities of organic material favourable to petroleum generation, and this material can be fed into deep basins adjacent to reefal reservoirs. In the Solomons and Vanuatu, where no exploration wells have been drilled, this marginal marine play greatly enhances prospectivity - and, by extrapolation, also that of other arc systems. In particular, source beds may be present. Promising target areas in the Solomons and Vanuatu include Iron Bottom Basin adjacent to Guadalcanal, the southwestern flank of the Solomon High from Choiseul through Santa Isabel - Florida Islands - northern Guadalcanal (especially the Manning Strait area), the area between the Shortland Islands and western Choiseul, Vanikolo Basin, the western margins of the North and South Aoba Basins, and possibly the Malekula and Mbokokimbo Basins.
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Holland, Elisabeth. "Tropical Cyclone Harold meets the Novel Coronavirus." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i1.1099.
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Abstract: COVID-19 began to manifest in the Pacific Islands by early March 2020, starting in the US and French territories, spreading slowly to the independent countries of Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste. All of the independent Pacific countries responded with aggressive measures, closing borders and establishing curfews. Against this background, Tropical Cyclone Harold, formed on April Fool's Day, began its devastating path through four Pacific countries: Solomon Islands with 27 dead in a ferry accident; Vanuatu whose northern islands, including Santo and Malekula were devastated by the cyclone with wind speeds greater than 200 km/h. The devastation continued in Fiji, with two tornadoes and devastation particularly in Kadavu and the southern Lau group. Tropical Cyclone Harold struck Tonga at the height of the king tide. COVID-19 continues to complicate relief efforts, particularly in Vanuatu. As of May 3, 2020, sixteen Pacific countries and territories had yet to report their first confirmed case of COVID-19: American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Pitcairn, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna. The Pacific continues to lead by example motivated by collective stewardship with actions and policies based on science. Pacific leaders continue to work with the World Health Organisation (WHO) to implement COVID-19 management recommendations.
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Rawson, Mark. "Butt Modification on Some Shell ADZE Blades from the Banks Islands, Northern Vanuatu." Australian Archaeology 27, no. 1 (December 1, 1988): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1988.12093159.
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Smith, M. Kimberly. "Regional Differences in Otolith Morphology of the Deep Slope Red Snapper Etelis carbunculus." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-090.
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Sagittal otoliths from four populations of the Pacific deep slope red snapper Etelis carbunculus Cuvier were compared using Fourier descriptors and other shape indices, linear proportions, and dry weight. Otoliths from Hawaii, Vanuatu, Fiji and French Polynesia and a small number from the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (NMI) were examined. Regional shape and weight characteristics were distinguishable, despite the wide range of individual variation and limited available size range from some regions. Size-specific differences in otolith shape were found for the four regions for which a sufficient sample was available. Otoliths from Hawaii, French Polynesia, and NMI showed a significant shape affinity. Otoliths from Fiji and Vanuatu were similarly shaped and were distinct from those from the other three regions. Interregional otolith shape affinities for the stocks examined parallel similarities in maximum size and growth rate from the literature, suggesting that growth rate may influence otolith shape. Observed trends in otolith weight as a function of fish length support growth-related regional differences in otolith shape.
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Lages, Joao, Yves Moussallam, Philipson Bani, Nial Peters, Alessandro Aiuppa, Marcello Bitetto, and Gaetano Giudice. "First In-Situ Measurements of Plume Chemistry at Mount Garet Volcano, Island of Gaua (Vanuatu)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 7293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207293.
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Recent volcanic gas compilations have urged the need to expand in-situ plume measurements to poorly studied, remote volcanic regions. Despite being recognized as one of the main volcanic epicenters on the planet, the Vanuatu arc remains poorly characterized for its subaerial emissions and their chemical imprints. Here, we report on the first plume chemistry data for Mount Garet, on the island of Gaua, one of the few persistent volatile emitters along the Vanuatu arc. Data were collected with a multi-component gas analyzer system (multi-GAS) during a field campaign in December 2018. The average volcanic gas chemistry is characterized by mean molar CO2/SO2, H2O/SO2, H2S/SO2 and H2/SO2 ratios of 0.87, 47.2, 0.13 and 0.01, respectively. Molar proportions in the gas plume are estimated at 95.9 ± 11.6, 1.8 ± 0.5, 2.0 ± 0.01, 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.06 ± 0.01, for H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S and H2. Using the satellite-based 10-year (2005–2015) averaged SO2 flux of ~434 t d−1 for Mt. Garet, we estimate a total volatile output of about 6482 t d−1 (CO2 ~259 t d−1; H2O ~5758 t d−1; H2S ~30 t d−1; H2 ~0.5 t d−1). This may be representative of a quiescent, yet persistent degassing period at Mt. Garet; whilst, as indicated by SO2 flux reports for the 2009–2010 unrest, emissions can be much higher during eruptive episodes. Our estimated emission rates and gas composition for Mount Garet provide insightful information on volcanic gas signatures in the northernmost part of the Vanuatu Arc Segment. The apparent CO2-poor signature of high-temperature plume degassing at Mount Garet raises questions on the nature of sediments being subducted in this region of the arc and the possible role of the slab as the source of subaerial CO2. In order to better address the dynamics of along-arc volatile recycling, more volcanic gas surveys are needed focusing on northern Vanuatu volcanoes.
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Ganachaud, Alexandre, Lionel Gourdeau, and William Kessler. "Bifurcation of the Subtropical South Equatorial Current against New Caledonia in December 2004 from a Hydrographic Inverse Box Model*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 2072–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3901.1.
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Abstract The South Equatorial Current (SEC), the westward branch of the South Pacific subtropical gyre, extends from the equator to 30°S at depth. Linear ocean dynamics predict that the SEC forms boundary currents on the eastern coasts of the South Pacific islands it encounters. Those currents would then detach at the northern and southern tips of the islands, and cross the Coral Sea in the form of jets. The Fiji Islands, the Vanuatu archipelago, and New Caledonia are the major topographic obstacles on the SEC pathway to the Australian coast. Large-scale numerical studies, as well as climatologies, suggest the formation of three jets in their lee: the north Vanuatu jet (NVJ), the north Caledonian jet (NCJ), and the south Caledonian jet (SCJ), implying a bifurcation against the east coast of each island. The flow observed during the SECALIS-2 cruise in December 2004 between Vanuatu and New Caledonia is presented herein. An inverse box model is used to provide quantitative transport estimates with uncertainties and to infer the pathways and boundary current formation. For that particular month, the 0–2000-m SEC inflow was found to be 20 ± 4 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) between Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Of that, 6 ± 2 Sv bifurcated to the south in a boundary current against the New Caledonia coast (the Vauban Current), and the remainder exited north of New Caledonia, feeding the NCJ. The flow is comparable both above and below the thermocline, while complex topography, associated with oceanic eddy generation, introduces several recirculation features. To the north, the NCJ, which extends down to 1500 m, was fed not only by the SEC inflow, but also by waters coming from the north, which have possibly been recirculated. To the south, a westward current rounds the tip of New Caledonia. A numerical simulation suggests a partial continuity with the deep extension of the Vauban Current (this current would then be the SCJ) while the hydrographic sections are too distant to confirm such continuity.
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Barbara, Julien, and Kerryn Baker. "Addressing collective action problems in Melanesia: the Northern Islands Market Vendors’ Association in Vanuatu." Development in Practice 30, no. 8 (June 1, 2020): 994–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2020.1763918.
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Taleo, Fasihah, Colin K. Macleod, Michael Marks, Oliver Sokana, Anna Last, Rebecca Willis, Mackline Garae, et al. "Integrated Mapping of Yaws and Trachoma in the Five Northern-Most Provinces of Vanuatu." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): e0005267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005267.
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Campbell, John R. "Disasters and Development in Historical Context: Tropical Cyclone Response in the Banks Islands, Northern Vanuatu." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 8, no. 3 (November 1990): 401–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709000800310.
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The Banks Islands in northern Vanuatu are prone to tropical cyclones. While a thriving population appears to have coped with these events prior to European contact, since then a smaller population has struggled to maintain its food security following tropical cyclone events. A number of social, economic, political and resource management changes have led to a set of disaster pre-conditions which result in dependence on external food relief following tropical cyclones. Most of these changes have taken place in the intervening years between disasters and have occurred independent of the tropical cyclone hazard. However, one set of changes, the provision of food relief itself, has provided the catalyst for the other changes to occur.
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Durand, Marie. "Concrete Time: Material Temporalities and Contemporary Mobilities in the Vernacular Architecture of Northern Vanuatu, Melanesia." Fabrications 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10331867.2020.1721089.
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Harvey, Mark S., Andrew D. Austin, and Mark Adams. "The systematics and biology of the spider genus Nephila (Araneae:Nephilidae) in the Australasian region." Invertebrate Systematics 21, no. 5 (2007): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is05016.
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Five species of the nephilid genus Nephila Leach are found in the Australasian region, which for the purposes of this study was defined as Australia and its dependencies (including Lord Howe I., Norfolk I., Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is), New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of West Papua), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Niue, New Zealand and other parts of the south-west Pacific region. All species are redescribed and illustrated. Nephila pilipes (Fabricius) occurs in the closed forests of eastern and northern Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Is and Vanuatu (through to South-East Asia); N. plumipes (Latreille) is found in Australia (including Lord Howe I. and Norfolk I.), New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Is and New Caledonia; N. tetragnathoides (Walckenaer) inhabits Fiji, Tonga and Niue; N. antipodiana (Walckenaer) occurs in northern Australia (as well as Christmas I.), New Guinea and Solomon Is (through to South-East Asia); and N. edulis (Labillardière) is found in Australia (including Cocos (Keeling) Is), New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Epeira (Nephila) walckenaeri Doleschall, E. (N.) hasseltii Doleschall, N. maculata var. annulipes Thorell, N. maculata jalorensis Simon, N. maculata var. novae-guineae Strand, N. pictithorax Kulczyński, N. maculata var. flavornata Merian, N. pictithorax Kulczyński, N. maculata var. flavornata Merian, N. maculata piscatorum de Vis, and N. (N.) maculata var. lauterbachi Dahl are proposed as new synonyms of N. pilipes. Nephila imperialis var. novaemecklenburgiae Strand, N. ambigua Kulczyński, N. sarasinorum Merian and N. celebesiana Strand are proposed as new synonyms of N. antipodiana. Meta aerea Hogg, N. meridionalis Hogg, N. adelaidensis Hogg and N. meridionalis hermitis Hogg are proposed as new synonyms of N. edulis. Nephila picta Rainbow is removed from the synonymy of N. plumipes and treated as a synonym of N. edulis, and N. nigritarsis insulicola Pocock is removed from the synonymy of N. plumipes and treated as a synonym of N. antipodiana. Allozyme data demonstrate that N. pilipes is distinct at the 80% FD level from N. edulis, N. plumipes and N. tetragnathoides. Nephila plumipes and N. tetragnathoides, deemed to represent sister-taxa owing to the shared presence of a triangular protrusion of the male pedipalpal conductor, were found to differ at 15% FD in the genetic study. No genetic differentiation was found between 10 populations of N. edulis sampled across mainland Australia. Species of the genus Nephila have been extensively used in ecological and behavioural studies, and the biology of Nephila species in the Australasian region is extensively reviewed and compared with studies on Nephila species from other regions of the world.
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SÉRET, BERNARD, and PETER R. LAST. "Galeus priapus sp. nov., a new species of sawtail catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from New Caledonia." Zootaxa 1813, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1813.1.2.
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Galeus priapus sp. nov. is described from specimens collected on the slopes of the seamounts and ridges of southern New Caledonia and Vanuatu. It is the first Galeus species recorded in these areas. G. priapus is characterised by the presence of a conspicuous crest of enlarged denticles on the dorsal caudal margin, the absence of similar crest on ventral caudal margin, and extremely long and slender claspers in adult males that extend posteriorly to the anal-fin origin. The body coloration, which is plain greyish brown with large dark blotches on dorsal and caudal fins and their bases, closely resembles its sibling G. gracilis, a northern Australian and Indonesian species. An identification key to Indo-Pacific Galeus species is provided.
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Whiting, SD. "Rocky Reefs Provide Foraging Habitat For Dugongs In The Darwin Region Of Northern Australia." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 1 (2002): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02147.
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DUGONGS (Dugong dugon) are large mammalian herbivores found in tropical and sub-tropical waters from the east coast of Africa to Vanuatu in the western Pacific Ocean (Rice 1998). Foraging studies throughout their range indicate that their diet is dominated by seagrass (Marsh et al. 1982; Preen 1995; Preen and Marsh 1995; Anderson 1998; Das and Dey 1999). Aerial surveys (Marsh and Saalfeld, 1989; Preen et al. 1997), land-based and boat-based observations (Anderson 1982 1994; Aragones 1994) and satellite tracking data (Marsh and Rathbun 1990) indicate that dugong distribution is closely associated with seagrass beds. Algae is known to occur in food samples from dugongs (Heinsohn and Birch 1972; Marsh et al. 1982; Erftemeijer 1994; Preen 1995) but its presence in the diet has been described as incidental (Marsh et al. 1982) or linked to large-scale losses of seagrass (Spain and Heinsohn 1973; Marsh et al. 1982; Preen and Marsh 1995). This note contains opportunistic observations of long-term feeding by D. dugon on algal covered rocky reefs in the Darwin region of the Northern Territory.
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AHYONG, SHANE T., and CAROLINE A. FARRELLY. "First Australian records of Ethusina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ethusidae) and additional records from New Zealand." Zootaxa 4486, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4486.2.5.
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Deep water ethusid crabs, genus Ethusina, are confirmed for the first time from Australia, with additional distribution records from New Zealand waters. Prior to the present study, Ethusina was reported from Australia on the basis of a single unidentified species from southwestern Australia. Four species are reported herein: Ethusina castro Ahyong, 2008, E. ciliacirrata Castro, 2005, E. robusta (Miers, 1886), and E. rowdeni Ahyong, 2008. Ethusina castro, previously known only from the female holotype from northern New Zealand is reported for the first time from eastern Australia, the Lord Howe Rise and Monowai Caldera, including the first known males. Ethusina ciliacirrata, described from Vanuatu, is confirmed from the Coral Sea and southwestern Australia. Ethusina rowdeni, from New Zealand, and the widespread E. robusta are recorded for the first time from Australia.
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Bedford, Stuart, and Matthew Spriggs. "Northern Vanuatu as a Pacific Crossroads: The Archaeology of Discovery, Interaction, and the Emergence of the "Ethnographic Present"." Asian Perspectives 47, no. 1 (2008): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2008.0003.
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GON, OFER, and GERALD R. ALLEN. "Revision of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfish genus Siphamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae)." Zootaxa 3294, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3294.1.1.
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The Indo-Pacific apogonid genus Siphamia Weber 1909 is unique among cardinalfishes in having a bacterial biolumines-cent system and spinoid scales. Light is produced by luminous bacteria found in a small pocket connected to the gut in theabdominal cavity and in a sac on each side of the tip of the tongue. Siphamia consists of 23 small species many of whichare associated with invertebrates such as sea urchins, crown-of-thorns starfish and coral. Species of this genus fall intotwo main groups with different dark pigment pattern of the longitudinal translucent muscle acting as a light organ thatdiffuses light along the ventral edge of the body. The S. tubifer group, with a striated light organ, includes S. arabica, newspecies, from the Gulf of Oman; S. argentea from the Philippines and northern Western Australia; S. fraseri, new species,from New Caledonia, Tonga and Fiji; S. fuscolineata from the Marshall and Line islands; S. goreni, new species, from thesouthern Red Sea; S. guttulata from Darnley Island, Queensland; S. jebbi from the western Pacific, ranging from the Phil-ippines to Western Australia and east to the Caroline Islands, Fiji, and Tonga; S. majimai from the Ryukyu and Ogasawaraislands to northwestern Australia, ranging eastward to New Caledonia and Tonga; S. mossambica from the western IndianOcean; S. randalli, new species, from the Society and Cook islands; S. spinicola, new species, from Biak in eastern Indo-nesia, Papua New Guinea, Woleai Atoll, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Chesterfield Islands; S. stenotes, new species,from the Triton Bay area of Irian Jaya Barat Province of Indonesia; and S. tubifer ranging widely in the Indo-West Pacificfrom the Red Sea to Madagascar and east to Vanuatu. The S. tubulata group, with a dark-dotted light organ, includes S.brevilux, new species, from Papua New Guinea; S. cephalotes from southern Australia; S. corallicola from Indonesia, Sa-bah, and Timor Sea; S. cuneiceps from Western Australia and the east coast of Queensland; S. cyanophthalma, new species,from the Philippines, Palau, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea; S. elongata from the Philippines and Brunei; S. fistulosafrom Java, Sumbawa and Komodo, Indonesia, and Brunei; S. roseigaster from Western Australia, ranging along the north-ern and eastern coast of Australia south to Sydney Harbour, New South Wales; S. senoui, new species, from the RyukyuIslands, Japan; and S. tubulata from the Papua Barat Province, Indonesia, south coast of Papua New Guinea, northern Western Australia and Queensland.
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Siwatibau, S., and D. J. Boland. "Community preferences for tree species for household wood products in Vanuatu: A summary of four surveys." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 3 (2002): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020147.
Full textAbstract:
Four surveys which gathered information from rural communities on useful tree species in Vanuatu have been reviewed and summarized. The surveys were undertaken from 1990 to 1993 and concentrated on species used for fuelwood and local construction. One survey also reported tree species useful for other purposes, such as fruit and nuts, edible foliage and customary uses. There were regional differences in species choices that could be related to the Northern, Central and Southern regions of the country. Popular fuelwood species included Macaranga spp., Hibiscus tiliaceus, Kleinhovia hospita, Dysoxylon spp. and the introduced Leucaena leucocephala. In general, people did not perceive any shortage of fuelwood. There were differences in preferences for fuelwood, depending on whether wood was required for open-fire pot cooking, open-fire roasting, or laplap (a kind of earth oven). Popular species for ground poles included Hibiscus tiliaceus, Flueggia flexuosa, Macaranga spp., Pterocarpus indicus, Bischofia javanica and lntsia bijuga, with some variations in preference between regions. Preferred species for aerial timbers for house construction included Macaranga spp., Flueggia flexuosa, Ficus spp., Kleinhovia hospita and Alphitonia zizyphoides. Species providing commercial timbers, such as Endospermum medullosum, Santalum austro-caledonicum and lntsia bijuga, are valued and are being planted, or wildlings cared for, on-farm. Important fruit and nut trees included Barringtonia edulis, Canarium spp., Syzygium malaccense, Pometia pinnata, lnocarpus fagifer, Burckella obovata and Dracontomelon vitiense. Tree species having multiple importance in customary use, such as Hibiscus tiliaceus, Macaranga spp., lntsia bijuga, Casuarina equisetifolia, Flueggia flexuosa, Kleinhovia hospita, Leucaena leucocephala, Barringtonia edulis and Acacia spp., are ranked highly.
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Taylor, John. "The Troubled Histories of a Stranger God: Religious Crossing, Sacred Power, and Anglican Colonialism in Vanuatu." Comparative Studies in Society and History 52, no. 2 (April 2010): 418–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000095.
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Ever the trickster, Tagaro appears and multiplies, disappears and reappears, across landscapes past and present in Vanuatu. His ancient adventures, deeds, and follies are deeply inscribed into the northern islands—on Maewo, Ambae, and Pentecost, especially—in rocks, caves, trees, and the shape of hills. In recent decades, Tagaro has journeyed more widely, by way of the conversations and texts of ni-Vanuatu religious scholars and early ethnologists, for the most part within the context of the Melanesian Mission of the Anglican Church. Like all good travelers, he always returns from his journeys transformed, carrying all of the burdens that are implicated in the engagement with otherness that journeying entails. For the Sia Raga of Pentecost Island (Taylor 2008), such fraught Oceanic crossings have split Tagaro into a seemingly contradictory figure. For some he is a benevolent God, for others a maniacal, murderous, axe-wielding foreigner. This radical ambivalence calls to mind Marshall Sahlins' description of those stranger-kings, so prevalent in the histories of neighboring Fiji and beyond, powerful figures who arrive from beyond society and who rule through acting beyond it morally, but in doing so are eventually encompassed by the people, “to the extent that their sovereignty is always problematical and their lives are often at risk” (1981b: 111). It also suggests the Deus absconditus of European Christian historiography: a largely unknown but always potentially dangerous “hidden God” that lies beyond human understanding of the covenant. In this paper I explore the troubled histories of Tagaro for what they tell us of changing local engagements with that ostensibly “Other” stranger, Christianity's God Almighty, and of the dynamics of sacred power within the continuing legacy of colonialism's culture. In doing so it demonstrates the ongoing vitality of indigenous Gods, ancestors, and culture heroes to the people of the Pacific region and beyond, and more especially their importance to understanding and negotiating social, political, and religious relations of power.
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Ineich, I., G. Pregill, B. Fontaine, and O. Gargominy. "Banded geckos,Gekko vittatus(Reptilia, Gekkonidae), as the main prey of barn owls (Tyto alba) on the Torres Islands (northern Vanuatu)." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 39, no. 3 (September 2012): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2011.627565.
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Tabarev, A. V., A. E. Patrusheva, and N. Cuevas. "Burials in Anthropomorphic Jars in the Philippines." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.2.040-047.
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The fi rst joint study by Russian and Philippine archaeologists addresses an unusual variant of a burial tradition distributed in Island Southeast Asia – burials in anthropomorphic clay jars, found in Ayub Cave (southern Mindanao Island, Philippines), excavated by specialists from the National Museum of the Philippines in 1991–1992, and tentatively dated to 500 BC to 500 AD. Of special interest are lids of jars shaped as painted human heads with individualized facial features and expressions. The fi nds suggest that Ayub Cave was a necropolis of the tribe elite, and that vessels were produced by a special group of potters using elaborate “prestige technologies”. The Ayub ceramic collection has various parallels relating to clay fi gurines and decoration including painting, among Late Neolithic and Early Metal Age assemblages from the Philippines (Luzon, Palawan, and Negros Islands), Indonesia (Sumba, Flores, and Bali Islands), and other regions of the Pacifi c Basin from Japan (Jomon) and Korea (Early Iron Age burials) to Vanuatu Islands (Lapita culture). These parallels suggest that the source of the anthropomorphic symbolism was the Austronesian migration with one of its routes passing from southern China via Taiwan, the northern Philippines, Mariana Islands, and further south to Melanesia and Polynesia.
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Collot, J., M. Patriat, R. Sutherland, S. Williams, D. Cluzel, M. Seton, B. Pelletier, et al. "Chapter 2 Geodynamics of the SW Pacific: a brief review and relations with New Caledonian geology." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 51, no. 1 (2020): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m51-2018-5.
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AbstractThe SW Pacific region consists of a succession of ridges and basins that were created by the fragmentation of Gondwana and the evolution of subduction zones since Mesozoic times. This complex geodynamic evolution shaped the geology of New Caledonia, which lies in the northern part of the Zealandia continent. Alternative tectonic models have been postulated. Most models agree that New Caledonia was situated on an active plate margin of eastern Gondwana during the Mesozoic. Extension affected the region from the Late Cretaceous to the Paleocene and models for this period vary in the location and nature of the plate boundary between the Pacific and Australian plates. Eocene regional tectonic contraction included the obduction of a mantle-derived Peridotite Nappe in New Caledonia. In one class of model, this contractional phase was controlled by an east-dipping subduction zone into which the Norfolk Ridge jammed, whereas and in a second class of model this phase corresponds to the initiation of the west-dipping Tonga–Kermadec subduction zone. Neogene tectonics of the region near New Caledonia was dominated by the eastwards retreat of Tonga–Kermadec subduction, leading to the opening of a back-arc basin east of New Caledonia, and the initiation and southwestwards advance of the New Hebrides–Vanuatu subduction zone towards New Caledonia.
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KOMAI, TOMOYUKI. "A review of the western Pacific species of the crangonid genus Metacrangon Zarenkov, 1965 (Decapoda: Caridea), with descriptions of seven new species." Zootaxa 3468, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3468.1.1.
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A review of species of the crangonid genus Metacrangon Zarenkov, 1965 (Decapoda: Caridea) from the Northwest andtropical Southwest Pacific Ocean is presented. Twenty-one species, including seven new to science, are recognized: M.asiaticus (Kobjakova, 1955) from the Kuril Islands and Komandor Islands; M. bythos n. sp. from Japan; M. clevai n. sp.from the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu; M. cornuta Komai & Komatsu, 2009 from Japan; M. holthuisi Komai, 2010 fromJapan; M. karubar n. sp. from Indonesia to Solomon Islands; M. laevis (Yokoya, 1933) from northern Japan and the Rus-sian Far East; M. longirostris (Yokoya, 1933) from Japan; M. miyakei Kim, 2005 from Japan; M. monodon (Birshtein &Vinogradov, 1951) from the North Kuril Islands; M. nipponensis (Yokoya, 1933) from Japan; M. obliqua n. sp. from Ja-pan; M. ochotensis (Kobjakova, 1955) from the South Kuril Islands; M. proxima Kim, 2005 from Japan; M. punctata n.sp. from Indonesia, Solomon Islands and New Caledonia; M. robusta (Kobjakova, 1935) from the Sea of Japan and theSea of Okhotsk; M. similis Komai, 1997 from Japan; M. sinensis Fujino & Miyake, 1970 from the northern part of the EastChina Sea; M. trigonorostris (Yokoya, 1933) from Japan; M. tropis n. sp. from Japan; and M. tsugaruensis n. sp. fromJapan. These species are classified into two informal species groups. The new species are fully described and illustrated.Some previously known species, for which detailed descriptions along modern standards are deemed necessary, are rede-scribed. Metacrangon asiaticus is elevated from a subspecies of M. variabilis to full species status. A key to aid in theidentification of the western Pacific species is provided. Bathymetrical and geographical distributions of the treated spe-cies are summarized. It is strongly suggested that each species is highly localized. The species richness is highest in waters around the Japanese Archipelago (17 of the 41 known species occur in the areas).
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Pugach, Irina, Alexander Hübner, Hsiao-chun Hung, Matthias Meyer, Mike T. Carson, and Mark Stoneking. "Ancient DNA from Guam and the peopling of the Pacific." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): e2022112118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022112118.
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Humans reached the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific by ∼3,500 y ago, contemporaneous with or even earlier than the initial peopling of Polynesia. They crossed more than 2,000 km of open ocean to get there, whereas voyages of similar length did not occur anywhere else until more than 2,000 y later. Yet, the settlement of Polynesia has received far more attention than the settlement of the Marianas. There is uncertainty over both the origin of the first colonizers of the Marianas (with different lines of evidence suggesting variously the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, or the Bismarck Archipelago) as well as what, if any, relationship they might have had with the first colonizers of Polynesia. To address these questions, we obtained ancient DNA data from two skeletons from the Ritidian Beach Cave Site in northern Guam, dating to ∼2,200 y ago. Analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences and genome-wide SNP data strongly support ancestry from the Philippines, in agreement with some interpretations of the linguistic and archaeological evidence, but in contradiction to results based on computer simulations of sea voyaging. We also find a close link between the ancient Guam skeletons and early Lapita individuals from Vanuatu and Tonga, suggesting that the Marianas and Polynesia were colonized from the same source population, and raising the possibility that the Marianas played a role in the eventual settlement of Polynesia.
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Andersen, Michael J., Hannah T. Shult, Alice Cibois, Jean-Claude Thibault, Christopher E. Filardi, and Robert G. Moyle. "Rapid diversification and secondary sympatry in Australo-Pacific kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae: Todiramphus )." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 2 (February 2015): 140375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140375.
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Todiramphus chloris is the most widely distributed of the Pacific's ‘great speciators’. Its 50 subspecies constitute a species complex that is distributed over 16 000 km from the Red Sea to Polynesia. We present, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of this enigmatic radiation of kingfishers. Ten Pacific Todiramphus species are embedded within the T. chloris complex, rendering it paraphyletic. Among these is a radiation of five species from the remote islands of Eastern Polynesian, as well as the widespread migratory taxon, Todiramphus sanctus . Our results offer strong support that Pacific Todiramphus , including T. chloris , underwent an extensive range expansion and diversification less than 1 Ma. Multiple instances of secondary sympatry have accumulated in this group, despite its recent origin, including on Australia and oceanic islands in Palau, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. Significant ecomorphological and behavioural differences exist between secondarily sympatric lineages, which suggest that pre-mating isolating mechanisms were achieved rapidly during diversification. We found evidence for complex biogeographic patterns, including a novel phylogeographic break in the eastern Solomon Islands that separates a Northern Melanesian clade from Polynesian taxa. In light of our results, we discuss systematic relationships of Todiramphus and propose an updated taxonomy. This paper contributes to our understanding of avian diversification and assembly on islands, and to the systematics of a classically polytypic species complex.
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Brown, Gillian K., Daniel J. Murphy, James Kidman, and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "Phylogenetic connections of phyllodinous species of Acacia outside Australia are explained by geological history and human-mediated dispersal." Australian Systematic Botany 25, no. 6 (2012): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb12027.
Full textAbstract:
Acacia sensu stricto is found predominantly in Australia; however, there are 18 phyllodinous taxa that occur naturally outside Australia, north from New Guinea to Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, south-western Pacific (New Caledonia to Samoa), northern Pacific (Hawaii) and Indian Ocean (Mascarene Islands). Our aim was to determine the phylogenetic position of these species within Acacia, to infer their biogeographic history. To an existing molecular dataset of 109 taxa of Acacia, we added 51 new accessions sequenced for the ITS and ETS regions of nuclear rDNA, including samples from 15 extra-Australian taxa. Data were analysed using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic positions of the extra-Australian taxa sampled revealed four geographic connections. Connection A, i.e. northern Australia?South-east Asia?south-western Pacific, is shown by an early diverging clade in section Plurinerves, which relates A. confusa from Taiwan and the Philippines (possibly Fiji) to A. simplex from Fiji and Samoa. That clade is related to A. simsii from southern New Guinea and northern Australia and other northern Australian species. Two related clades in section Juliflorae show a repeated connection (B), i.e. northern Australia?southern New Guinea?south-western Pacific. One of these is the ?A. auriculiformis clade', which includes A. spirorbis subsp. spirorbis from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands as sister to the Queensland species A. auriculiformis; related taxa include A. mangium, A. leptocarpa and A. spirorbis subsp. solandri. The ?A. aulacocarpa clade' includes A. aulacocarpa, A. peregrinalis endemic to New Guinea, A. crassicarpa from New Guinea and Australia, and other Australian species. Acacia spirorbis (syn. A. solandri subsp. kajewskii) from Vanuatu (Melanesia) is related to these two clades but its exact position is equivocal. The third biogeographic connection (C) is Australia?Timor?Flores, represented independently by the widespread taxon A. oraria (section Plurinerves) found on Flores and Timor and in north-eastern Queensland, and the Wetar island endemic A. wetarensis (Juliflorae). The fourth biogeographic connection (D), i.e. Hawaii?Mascarene?eastern Australia, reveals an extreme disjunct distribution, consisting of the Hawaiian koa (A. koa, A. koaia and A. kaoaiensis), sister to the Mascarene (R�union Island) species A. heterophylla; this clade is sister to the eastern Australian A. melanoxylon and A. implexa (all section Plurinerves), and sequence divergence between taxa is very low. Historical range expansion of acacias is inferred to have occurred several times from an Australian?southern New Guinean source. Dispersal would have been possible as the Australian land mass approached South-east Asia, and during times when sea levels were low, from the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. The close genetic relationship of species separated by vast distances, from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, is best explained by dispersal by Austronesians, early Homo sapiens migrants from Asia.
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Singh, Minerva, Luitgard Schwendenmann, Gang Wang, Maria Fernanda Adame, and Luís Junior Comissario Mandlate. "Changes in Mangrove Carbon Stocks and Exposure to Sea Level Rise (SLR) under Future Climate Scenarios." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 3873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073873.
Full textAbstract:
Mangrove ecosystems are threatened by a variety of anthropogenic changes, including climate change. The main aim of this research is to quantify the spatial variation in the different mangrove carbon stocks, aboveground carbon (AGC), belowground carbon (BGC), and soil carbon (SOC), under future climate scenarios. Additionally, we sought to identify the magnitude of sea-level rise (SLR) exposure with the view of identifying the mangrove regions most likely to face elevated inundation. Different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) ranging from the most optimistic (RCP 2.6) to medium emissions (RCP 4.5) and the most pessimistic (RCP 8.5) were considered for 2070. We used the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW), a biogeographical classification of coastal ecosystems, to quantify the variation in future carbon stocks at a regional scale and identify areas of potential carbon stock losses and gains. Here, we showed that the mangroves of Central and Western Indo-Pacific islands (Andamans, Papua New Guinea, and Vanuatu), the west African coast, and northeastern South America will be the worst hit and are projected to affect all three carbon stocks under all future scenarios. For instance, the Andaman ecoregion is projected to have an 11–25% decline in SOC accumulation, while the Western Indo-Pacific realm is projected to undergo the sharpest declines, ranging from 10% to 12% under all three scenarios. Examples of these areas are those in Amazonia and the eastern part of South Asia (such as in the Northern Bay of Bengal ecoregion). Based on these findings, conservation management of mangroves can be conducted.
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Chang, YLK, G. Dall’Olmo, and R. Schabetsberger. "Tracking the marine migration routes of South Pacific silver eels." Marine Ecology Progress Series 646 (July 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13398.
Full textAbstract:
It is still a mystery how catadromous eels find their way through the seemingly featureless open ocean to their spawning areas. Three catadromous Pacific eels (2 Anguilla marmorata, 1 A. megastoma) from the Archipelago of Vanuatu were tagged with pop-up satellite archival transmitters, and their migration tracks towards their presumed spawning area approximately 870 km northeast of the point of release were reconstructed in order to evaluate their movements in relation to oceanographic conditions. We used the timing of diel vertical migrations to derive the eels’ positions. The 2 A. marmorata exhibited steep-angled turns resulting in a zig-zag migration path along the east-west axis, while the A. megastoma took a relatively straight course towards the presumed spawning area. They migrated with a speed over ground of 21-23 km d-1. In this region, the eastward flow of the South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC, ~5°-10°S) separates the westward flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC; ~0°-5°S and 10°-18°S) into 2 branches. During shallower nighttime migration depths around 150 m, eels crossed a variable flow field through the southern branch of the westward SEC with westward propagating mesoscale eddies and the eastward SECC, but stayed south of the stronger northern branch of the SEC, possibly increasing retention time of larvae within this area. The eels headed towards a tongue of high-salinity Subtropical Underwater (STUW). The eels did not move beyond a salinity front of 35.9-36.0 at a depth of 100-200 m, which may have provided cues for orientation towards the spawning area.
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"Atelocauda digitata. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500774.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Atelocauda digitata (G. Winter) Cummins & Y. Hirats. Fungi: Teliomycetes: Uredinales Hosts: Acacia spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Java, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Hawaii, OCEANIA, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu.
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Billington, Rosey, Nick Thieberger, and Janet Fletcher. "Nafsan." Journal of the International Phonetic Association, August 10, 2021, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100321000177.
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Nafsan (ISO 639-3: erk, Glottocode: sout2856), also known as South Efate, is a Southern Oceanic language of Vanuatu. It is spoken in Erakor, Eratap and Pango, three villages situated along the southern coast of the island of Efate (Figure 1) (Clark 1985, Lynch 2000, Thieberger 2006). Nafsan is also closely related to Eton, Lelepa, Nakanamanga and Namakura, spoken further to the north on Efate and some smaller neighbouring islands.1 Nafsan is often described as the southernmost member of the North-Central Vanuatu group of languages, and the Nafsan and Eton-speaking communities are noted to be at the core of ‘an unmistakable area of innovation’ compared to their northern neighbours (Clark 1985: 25). Though crosslinguistic comparisons suggest a clear boundary between North-Central Vanuatu languages and languages of the Southern Vanuatu group, there is evidence that Nafsan speakers have both linguistic and cultural links to the southern islands, suggestive of complex historical relationships between the populations of the central and southern regions (Lynch 2004; Thieberger 2007, 2015). In terms of the sound system, Nafsan is noted to be of particular interest because it ‘forms a transition between the phonologically more conservative languages to the north and the more “aberrant” languages to the south’ (Lynch 2000: 320), and exhibits phonotactic patterns which are complex and typologically uncommon, particularly among Oceanic languages (Thieberger 2006).
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"Brontispa longissima. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, no. 2nd revision) (August 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600227.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Brontispa longissima (Gestro) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Attacks coconut (Cocos nucifera) and other Arecaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Taiwan, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.
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"Sweet potato little leaf phytoplasma. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500832.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sweet potato little leaf phytoplasma Bacteria: Phytoplasmas Hosts: Sweet potato (lpomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, China, Fujian, India, Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, North Korea, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Sarawak, Philippines, Taiwan, OCEANIA, Australia, Northern Territory Queensland, Fed. States of Micronesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
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"Brontispa longissima. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December (August 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20210038268.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Brontispa longissima (Gestro). Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Hosts: coconut (Cocos nucifera). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, North Maluku, Provinsi Papua, Sulawesi, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Laos, Macao, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Maldives, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, French Polynesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna).
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Nef, Danny Philipp, Krishna Kumar Kotra, Michael Stauffacher, Johan Six, and Pius Kruetli. "Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in a Telecoupled World: Insights From Vanuatu." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6 (March 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.818586.
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Food insecurity is a pressing problem in many regions across the world. Drivers of food insecurity are becoming increasingly embedded in sociocultural and economic processes that transcendent multiple spatial and temporal scales. This is due to the increasingly globalized interconnections of places and people. Understanding this complexity is essential to devise locally relevant and effective adaptation strategies to tackle existing vulnerabilities causing food insecurity. This article analytically addresses the complexity in cross-scale dynamics by combining a case study from northern Vanuatu with a conceptual analysis of the broader socioeconomic dynamics within the telecoupling framework. Our aim is to identify drivers of vulnerability that span multiple temporal and spatial scales and contribute to food insecurity in a given location while exploring the relevance and applicability of the framework for the holistic assessment of vulnerability to food insecurity. The transdisciplinary approach used in this work involved local community members and local agriculture extension officers at all stages of the study process. For this, we used complementary research methods, such as workshops, participant observations, and in-depth interviews. The results showed that potential vulnerability to food insecurity in northern Vanuatu is likely to be related to individual choices aimed at maximizing income, enabled by economic development and driven by socio-cultural changes. These choices and their consequences are perceived in many cases to be responsible for lower subsistence food production and the overuse of natural food resources. However, economic changes in particular can also enable additional livelihoods that complement existing (subsistence-based) strategies, leading to a reduction in one-sided dependencies and thus to an overall increase in the resilience of local livelihoods. We find the telecoupling approach to be a useful tool to holistically capture a local vulnerability context. However, we also encountered challenges in describing telecouplings that operate over longer time scales.
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"Pythium myriotylum. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 2) (August 1, 1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500622.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pythium myriotylum Drechsler. Hosts: Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Medicago sativa and many other tropical crops. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Cameroon, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Asia, India, Indonesia, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Sabah, Sri Lanka, Australasia, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Europe, Netherlands, North America, USA, Central America and West Indies, Dominica, Martinique, Trinidad, South America, Brazil.
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"Penicillaria jocosatrix. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, June (August 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600606.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Penicillaria jocosatrix Guenée Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Attacks mango (Mangifera indica) and Spondias dulcis. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Brunei Darussalam, China, Guangdong, East Timor, India, Assam, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Hawaii, OCEANIA, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Vanuatu.
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"Rhabdoscelus obscurus. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, no. 1st revision) (August 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20066600280.
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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval) Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae Attacks sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), coconut (Cocos nucifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and sago palm (Metroxylon sagu). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Christmas Island, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Japan, Bonin Islands, Honshu, Malaysia, Sarawak, Taiwan, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Hawaii, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
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McKelvie, Stephanie, Basil Leodoro, Thomas Sala, Thach Tran, and Jane Fisher. "Prevalence, Patterns, and Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Women Who Are Pregnant in Sanma Province, Vanuatu." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, November 1, 2020, 088626052096923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260520969235.
Full textAbstract:
Violence perpetrated by an intimate partner (IPV) is an important human rights and public health problem worldwide and when experienced during pregnancy is of special concern due to the harmful impact on maternal and child health. Women living in Vanuatu, and especially Sanma Province, experience high rates of IPV, however little is known about their experiences of violence when pregnant. The aim was to describe the prevalence, patterns and determinants of IPV among women who are pregnant in Sanma Province, Vanuatu. A cross-sectional survey was used. All healthy adult women attending Northern Provincial Hospital antenatal clinic from late May to late July 2019 were eligible and invited to participate. Psychological, physical and sexual IPV and controlling behaviours were assessed with a modified version of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women Instrument administered as an individual interview. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse prevalence and patterns of IPV and logistic regression models to identify determinants. Of 214 women who expressed interest in participating, 192 women contributed data. Overall 64.2% of women had experienced any IPV during their lifetime and 42.2% had experienced IPV during their current pregnancy. Experience of co-occurrence of violence types was common, and it was more common for IPV to continue than to cease during pregnancy. Factors which increased likelihood of experiencing IPV included being employed, occupying a lower socioeconomic position, having a partner who was unemployed or used alcohol or illicit substances at least once a week. IPV, in all its forms, is a common problem faced by women who are pregnant and living in Vanuatu.
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François, Alexandre. "The dynamics of linguistic diversity: egalitarian multilingualism and power imbalance among northern Vanuatu languages." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2012, no. 214 (January 22, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2012-0022.
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"Elsinoë batatas. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 3) (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500447.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Elsinoë batatas Viegas & Jenkins Fungi: Ascomycota: Dothideales Hosts: Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Philippines, Taiwan, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Alagoas, Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Guam, Micronesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.