Journal articles on the topic 'Northern Territory cattle industry'
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1
Puig, C. J., R. Greiner, C. Huchery, I. Perkins, L. Bowen, N. Collier, and S. T. Garnett. "Beyond cattle: potential futures of the pastoral industry in the Northern Territory." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10043.
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The pastoral industry of the Northern Territory faces a suite of environmental and economic challenges associated with, inter alia, export markets, costs of production, climate change, change in government policies, and potential cattle diseases. A participatory planning process was adopted by the industry’s principal representative body, the Northern Territory Cattlemen’s Association to explore the complexity and extent of possible impacts on the industry, and to initiate conversations about anticipating potential futures. The process was facilitated by a system dynamics model, named the Pastoral Properties Future Simulator (PPFS). The PPFS combined a systems modelling approach of the pastoral industry with scenario explorations to gauge the likely impacts on, and possible industry adaptations to, beef price variation, productivity improvements, diversification of land use, climate change, climate policy and employment. The PPFS was used as an interactive tool during stakeholder workshops and results underpinned discussions about impacts and adaptation strategies. Land use and enterprise diversification emerged as key strategies for building enterprise and industry resilience, but with regionally diverging emphasis. The research illustrates the benefits of applied systems dynamic modelling for participatory strategic planning in the face of an uncertain future. The PPFS helped industry members and stakeholders understand the complexity of drivers affecting the industry’s future, risk profiles, possible adaptation strategies and trade-offs.
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Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 3. Annual liveweight gains from pasture based systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03098.
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The herd performance of 375 northern Australian beef producers during the 1991 and 1992 to 1995 and 1996 financial years was surveyed in 1996 and 1997. Estimates were made of annual liveweight gain from production systems based on native and improved pastures together with hormonal growth promotant use and supplementation practices. The most commonly used pasture communities for growing and finishing cattle were black speargrass and brigalow communities in Central Coastal Queensland and the Central Highlands; black speargrass in Northern Queensland; Mitchell grass and gidgee in Central Western and North-west Queensland; Mitchell grass in the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia regions and brigalow–softwood scrub in the Maranoa South West. There was considerable variation and overlap in the production ranges of the various pasture communities. The estimates and ranges of annual liveweight gains were comparable with measurements from scientific and commercial studies for 3 major pasture communities (black speargrass, brigalow and Mitchell grass). On this basis, the annual liveweight gain data are considered to represent sound estimates of performance from the pasture communities and husbandry systems in use in northern Australia. Mean annual gains for pasture communities in the more northern regions tended to be <150 kg/year. Half the survey group used hormonal growth promotants but use varied between regions with lowest levels in Central Coastal Queensland (30%) and highest usage in the Central Highlands (59%). Steers and bullocks were the most commonly implanted class of cattle. Supplementation periods tended to be longest in more northern regions. Nitrogen was a component of >90% of the supplements offered. The percentage of producers supplementing various classes of cattle varied widely (0–77%). Steers were often the least supplemented class and weaners were the most common. The highest percentage of producers (>68%) supplementing weaners was found in North-west and Northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia. Significant correlations explaining 3–23% of the variance were found between annual liveweight gain and latitude and/or longitude for native black speargrass and Mitchell grass pasture communities and improved brigalow pastures. Generally, annual liveweight gain increased with increasing latitude and longitude. The results are discussed in relation to herd management practices and sources of variation in the northern Australian production environment.
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Michell, VJ. "Some economic and social factors affecting the cattle industry in the Gulf Area of the Northern Territory - Results of the 1982 Cattle Industry Survey." Rangeland Journal 7, no. 1 (1985): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9850051.
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The Gulf District of the Northern Territory is one of Australia's most remote cattle-growing areas. The national brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication policy is forcing management to change from the traditional hunting of cattle on unfenced areas to property development and improved animal husbandry practices. In 1982 only 45% of properties were actively participating in the BTB eradication programme. The paper describes the area and looks at the effect of development on a number of economic parameters, as well as the effect of these parameters on operating costs and returns. The development of stations is related to higher stocking rates and total numbers of stock. Costs per head decrease and turnoff and branding rates tend to increase with development. However stations had to go heavily into debt to achieve this development. Only 32% of stations covered their operating costs in 1982; although these stations were less developed they were also smaller, owner- managed stations employing less labour.
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Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 1. Regional enterprise activity and structure." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03096.
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During 1996 and 1997, a survey examined the business activities of 375 selected northern Australian beef producers during the 1991 and 1992 to 1995 and 1996 financial years. The producers represented a broad cross-section of the northern beef industry in terms of geographical location, size of enterprise and herd, and ownership structures. The survey examined the enterprise structures and herd productivity of the participating properties. A diverse range of production activities were carried out with breeding and finishing, of which breeding stores and live cattle export being the most common activities. About 50% of the survey properties were run in conjunction with another property, both of which tended to be located in the same survey region. The additional properties served various purposes, depending on their location. There was evidence of specialist roles for the additional properties. The purchase of store cattle tended to be an opportunistic activity with younger cattle (<2 years old) being most preferred. Survey properties tended to target a range of markets; Northern Territory and northern Western Australian properties being the most likely to target a single market (live export). Aspiring to supply the slaughter markets was of greatest interest to Queensland beef producers. Aspiring to supply the USA manufacturing beef market was lowest where interest in live export was greatest. During the survey period, the USA manufacturing beef market, store and live cattle export markets were important outlets for cattle. Many herd and pasture-related improvements were planned to boost profitability in the 5 years post-survey (1997–2002). Increasing turn-off weight and branding rate, and decreasing turn-off age were of greatest interest to surveyed beef producers. Pasture improvement and improving pasture management also rated highly. The survey data indicated that the female genotype of the northern Australian herd had changed significantly over a 10- and 30-year period, with Bos indicus, Bos indicus cross and Taurindicus breeds being the most commonly reported breeds. The bull breeds present in regional herds suggest crossbreeding is occurring in conjunction with pure breeding. Most herds had more than 1 bull and female breed. Regional patterns were also found to exist for female and bull breeds with Bos indicus being common in herds in the northern parts of the survey area and Taurindicus breeds popular in southern herds. The results of this survey are discussed in relation to future developments in the northern Australian beef industry.
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Pahl, Lester, Joe Scanlan, Giselle Whish, Robyn Cowley, and Neil MacLeod. "Comparing fixed and flexible stocking as adaptations to inter-annual rainfall variability in the extensive beef industry of northern Australia." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 1 (2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15045.
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Many beef producers within the extensive cattle industry of northern Australia attempt to maintain a constant herd size from year-to-year (fixed stocking), whereas others adjust stock numbers to varying degrees annually in response to changes in forage supply. The effects of these strategies on pasture condition and cattle productivity cannot easily be assessed by grazing trials. Simulation studies, which include feedbacks of changes to pasture condition on cattle liveweight gain, can extend the results of grazing trials both spatially and temporally. They can compare a large number of strategies, over long periods of time, for a range of climate periods, at locations which differ markedly in climate. This simulation study compared the pasture condition and cattle productivity achieved by fixed stocking at the long-term carrying capacity with that of 55 flexible stocking strategies at 28 locations across Queensland and the Northern Territory. Flexible stocking strategies differed markedly in the degree they increased or decreased cattle stocking rates after good and poor pasture growing seasons, respectively. The 28 locations covered the full range in average annual rainfall and inter-annual rainfall variability experienced across northern Australia. Constrained flexibility, which limited increases in stocking rates after good growing seasons to 10% but decreased them by up to 20% after poor growing seasons, provides sustainable productivity gains for cattle producers in northern Australia. This strategy can improve pasture condition and increase cattle productivity relative to fixed stocking at the long-term carrying capacity, and its capacity to do this was greatest in the semiarid rangeland regions that contain the majority of beef cattle in northern Australia. More flexible stocking strategies, which also increased stocking rates after good growing seasons by only half as much as they decreased them after poor growing seasons, were equally sustainable and more productive than constrained flexibility, but are often impractical at property and industry scales. Strategies with the highest limits (e.g. 70%) for both annual increases and decreases in stocking rates could achieve higher cattle productivity, but this was at the expense of pasture condition and was not sustainable. Constrained flexible stocking, with a 10% limit for increases and a 20% limit for decreases in stocking rates annually, is a risk-averse adaptation to high and unpredictable rainfall variability for the extensive beef industry of northern Australia.
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Dale, Allan P. "From conflict to collaboration: can better governance systems facilitate the sustainable development of the northern pastoral industry, communities and landscapes?" Rangeland Journal 40, no. 4 (2018): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18010.
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The past decade has seen several high profile national policy conflicts related to sustainable development beset the northern Australian pastoral industry. Examples include the live cattle export ban, tree clearing legislation in Queensland and significant pastoral sector concerns about exploration and development of coal and gas reserves across the north. Although these are very legitimate cross-societal debates, the high levels of conflict associated with them impact on the willingness of corporate, family and Indigenous farming enterprises in northern Australia to invest in development. They also affect the willingness and capacities of pastoralists to cooperate with governments in various approaches to change management in northern landscapes. In the pursuit of a better pathway that might resolve policy problems while also delivering industry benefit, this paper analyses several high-profile industry and landscape scale conflicts from recent years, teasing out the key features of governance system dysfunction. At the same time, I also look at positive governance developments emerging in related contexts. Drawing on this analysis, I suggest the current system of governance affecting the northern Australian pastoral industry might have much to learn from the application of more evidence rich and engaging systems of co-management. I suggest that moving in this direction, however, would require Australian, state and Northern Territory (NT) governments to genuinely partner the industry, Traditional Owners and other key sectoral interests, leading to long-term vision building, strategy development and delivery partnerships that benefit industry and communities while resolving wider societal concerns.
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Bowen, M. K., F. Chudleigh, R. M. Dixon, M. T. Sullivan, T. Schatz, and T. Oxley. "The economics of phosphorus supplementation of beef cattle grazing northern Australian rangelands." Animal Production Science 60, no. 5 (2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19088.
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Context Phosphorus (P) deficiency occurs in beef cattle grazing many rangeland regions with low-P soils, including in northern Australia, and may severely reduce cattle productivity in terms of growth, reproductive efficiency and mortality. However, adoption of effective P supplementation by cattle producers in northern Australia is low. This is likely to be due to lack of information and understanding of the profitability of P supplementation where cattle are P-deficient. Aims The profitability of P supplementation was evaluated for two dissimilar regions of northern Australia, namely (1) the Katherine region of the Northern Territory, and (2) the Fitzroy Natural Resource Management (NRM) region of central Queensland. Methods Property-level, regionally relevant herd models were used to determine whole-of-business productivity and profitability over 30 years. The estimated costs and benefits of P supplementation were obtained from collation of experimental data and expert opinion of persons with extensive experience of the industry. The economic consequences of P supplementation at the property level were assessed by comparison of base production without P supplementation with the expected production of P-supplemented herds, and included the implementation phase and changes over time in herd structure. In the Katherine region, it was assumed that the entire cattle herd (breeders and growing cattle) grazed acutely P-deficient land types and the consequences of (1) no P supplementation, or P supplementation during (2) the dry season, or (3) both the wet and dry seasons (i.e. 3 scenarios) were evaluated. In the Fitzroy NRM region, it was assumed that only the breeders grazed P-deficient land types with three categories of P deficiency (marginal, deficient and acutely deficient), each with either (1) no P supplementation, or P supplementation during (2) the wet season, (3) the dry season, or (4) both the wet and dry seasons (i.e. 12 scenarios). Key results In the Katherine region, year-round P supplementation of the entire cattle herd (7400 adult equivalents) grazing acutely P-deficient pasture resulted in a large increase in annual business profit (+AU$500000). Supplementing with P (and N) only in the dry season increased annual business profit by +AU$200000. In the Fitzroy NRM region, P supplementation during any season of the breeder herd grazing deficient or acutely P-deficient pastures increased profit by +AU$2400–AU$45000/annum (total cattle herd 1500 adult equivalents). Importantly, P supplementation during the wet season-only resulted in the greatest increases in profit within each category of P deficiency, comprising +AU$5600, AU$6300 and AU$45000 additional profit per annum for marginal, deficient and acutely P-deficient herds respectively. Conclusions The large economic benefits of P supplementation for northern beef enterprises estimated in the present study substantiate the current industry recommendation that effective P supplementation is highly profitable when cattle are grazing P-deficient land types. Implications The contradiction of large economic benefits of P supplementation and the generally low adoption rates by the cattle industry in northern Australia suggests a need for targeted research and extension to identify the specific constraints to adoption, including potential high initial capital costs.
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Walsh, Dionne, and Robyn A. Cowley. "Looking back in time: can safe pasture utilisation rates be determined using commercial paddock data in the Northern Territory?" Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11003.
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A ‘safe’ pasture utilisation rate is defined as the proportion of annual forage growth that can be consumed by domestic livestock without adversely affecting land condition in the long term. Pasture utilisation rates are thus a cornerstone of a sustainable grazing industry because they directly determine livestock carrying capacity. Until now, it has only been possible to determine utilisation rates in the Northern Territory via expensive and time-consuming grazing trials. Reliance on this method has limited the validation of safe utilisation rates for the range of land types used for pastoral production. This study tested an alternative cost-effective method for calculating utilisation rates based on an approach used previously in Queensland. The method retrospectively calculates utilisation rates using cattle records and modelled pasture growth from commercial paddocks in good land condition. The assumption underpinning the method is that paddocks in good land condition, with a long history of grazing, must have been managed in such a way as to achieve a safe level of pasture utilisation. Utilisation rates were calculated for 10 commercial paddocks on three properties in the Barkly Tableland region of the Northern Territory from 1999 to 2009. Animal intake for each paddock was calculated from detailed cattle records held in property databases. Pasture growth was estimated using simulation models and cross-checked with field measurements. An average utilisation rate of up to 25% of annual pasture growth was found to be safe on highly uniform, grey cracking-clays supporting Mitchell grass (Astrebla F. Muell. spp.) pastures. However, this level of utilisation had negative impacts on land condition on less resilient and preferentially grazed pasture communities in paddocks with a mix of land types. The implications of the results for carrying capacity, animal productivity and seasonal risk management are explored in this paper.
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Museibli, Najaf Alesker oglu. "STONE INDUSTRY OF LEILATEPE CULTURE." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 18, no. 3 (October 10, 2022): 729–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch183729-750.
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One of the characteristic features of Leilatepe archaeological culture of the Chalcolithic period (end of the 5th millennium BC - first half of the 4th millennium BC) is a unique stone product. This culture was studied mainly on the basis of monuments in the territory of Azerbaijan. Extensive excavations were carried out in Leilatepe, Beyuk Kesik I, Poylu II, Galayeri settlements belonging to the Leilatepe culture and numerous stone tools were discovered. Similar tools were also discovered as a result of the limited excavations carried out in residential areas – Agili Dere, Selakhan, etc. belonging to this culture. The bearers of this culture led a sedentary life and were mainly engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. The discovered stone tools and their purpose of use gives us reason to come to such a conclusion. Thus, during the excavations a large number of quern stones, graters, sickle teeth, etc., typical for early farming, made of different types of stones, were found. The explorations showed the superiority of flint tools over obsidian products in all other monuments belonging to the Leilatepe culture, except for the Galayeri settlement. Along with these, other tools and products made of stone – a detail of a potter’s wheel, maces, scepters, balance weights, etc. was found from the mentioned Leilatepe culture monuments. The stone industry of the Leilatepe culture is closely related to the traditions of Eastern Anatolia and Northern Mesopotamia. At the same time, close analogies of some specific stone samples of Leilatepe culture were found in Maikop culture monuments.
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Winter, WH, RL McCown, and D. Zuill. "Legume-based pasture options for the live cattle trade from the Australian semi-arid tropics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960947.
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The extensive beef industry in the Northern Territory has been based almost exclusively upon native grass pastures for over a century. The recent development of an export trade for live cattle of specific age, weight and type, has increased returns over chilled manufacturing beef exports and has resulted in a demand for improved pastures that can support rapid growth of young cattle. This paper compares the potential of native grass pastures, legume ley pastures and permanent sown grass-legume pastures, in a range of configurations, to meet the market demand. Results of farming systems and sown pasture management experiments conducted at the Katherine Research Station are presented. Data from these experiments and other sources are used to explore options appropriate to the new market. Particular attention has been given to the time required for weaner steers to reach export target weights of 290-300 kg/head and the flexibility of systems to seasonal and animal variability. Permanent sown pastures are sustainable at stocking rates of about 2 steers/ha, but results indicate difficulty in maintaining legume dominance in the ley pastures, particularly if the cropping frequency is reduced. A proposal to use forage crops, rather than grain crops, to deplete soil nitrogen and reduce the incidence of weeds, is discussed. We recommend that ley pastures be retained as part of the management system, despite management difficulties, as they provide higher productivity and greater flexibility for farmers to meet the market requirements.
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Eady, Sandra J., Guillaume Havard, Steven G. Bray, William Holmes, and Javi Navarro. "Down scaling to regional assessment of greenhouse gas emissions to enable consistency in accounting for emissions reduction projects and national inventory accounts for northern beef production in Australia." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 3 (2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15061.
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This paper explores the effect of using regional data for livestock attributes on estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the northern beef industry in Australia, compared with using state/territory-wide values, as currently used in Australia’s national GHG inventory report. Regional GHG emissions associated with beef production are reported for 21 defined agricultural statistical regions within state/territory jurisdictions. A management scenario for reduced emissions that could qualify as an Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) project was used to illustrate the effect of regional level model parameters on estimated abatement levels. Using regional parameters, instead of state level parameters, for liveweight (LW), LW gain and proportion of cows lactating and an expanded number of livestock classes, gives a 5.2% reduction in estimated emissions (range +12% to –34% across regions). Estimated GHG emissions intensity (emissions per kilogram of LW sold) varied across the regions by up to 2.5-fold, ranging from 10.5 kg CO2-e kg–1 LW sold for Darling Downs, Queensland, through to 25.8 kg CO2-e kg–1 LW sold for the Pindan and North Kimberley, Western Australia. This range was driven by differences in production efficiency, reproduction rate, growth rate and survival. This suggests that some regions in northern Australia are likely to have substantial opportunities for GHG abatement and higher livestock income. However, this must be coupled with the availability of management activities that can be implemented to improve production efficiency; wet season phosphorus (P) supplementation being one such practice. An ERF case study comparison showed that P supplementation of a typical-sized herd produced an estimated reduction of 622 t CO2-e year–1, or 7%, compared with a non-P supplemented herd. However, the different model parameters used by the National Inventory Report and ERF project means that there was an anomaly between the herd emissions for project cattle excised from the national accounts (13 479 t CO2-e year–1) and the baseline herd emissions estimated for the ERF project (8 896 t CO2-e year–1) before P supplementation was implemented. Regionalising livestock model parameters in both ERF projects and the national accounts offers the attraction of being able to more easily and accurately reflect emissions savings from this type of emissions reduction project in Australia’s national GHG accounts.
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Schatz, T. J., and M. N. Hearnden. "Heifer fertility on commercial cattle properties in the Northern Territory." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08057.
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The performance of heifers at their first (maiden heifers) and second matings (first lactation heifers) was recorded between 2003 and 2008 to establish current heifer fertility levels on 14 commercial cattle properties in the Northern Territory (NT). Pregnancy rates in maiden heifers (joined first at ~2 years of age) were generally adequate (>75%) to produce enough pregnant replacement breeders. Pregnancy rates in first lactation heifers were often very low (<20%) due to the low liveweight of heifers between calving and weaning. However on properties where first lactation heifers were in good condition at this time, pregnancy rates were high (>70%). Calf loss between pregnancy diagnosis and weaning in first lactation heifers was often high (>30%). The average of the calf loss figures from all the herds studied was 22%.
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Firth, R. S. C., and W. J. Panton. "The mammals of Croker Island, Northern Territory, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06019.
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This is a report on the mammals found in April 2001 during a brief terrestial vertebrate fauna survey on previously unsurveyed Croker Island which is 3 km offshore from the Cobourg Peninusula. Seven mammals were recorded but only 3 were native. These were black flying -fox (Pteropus alecto), grassland melomys (Melomys burtoni) and the dingo (Canis lupus dingo). The remaining 4 species were domestic and feral animals (horse, cat, cattle and pig).
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Turkin, S. K. "About ROKK's work in the Northern Territory." Kazan medical journal 32, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80270.
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The attention of all organizations of the ROKK is focused on servicing logging, logging and timber rafting, the main leading industry in the region. The most distant organizations of the ROKK a are in the Komi region, in the Nentsky district along the Pechora and the coast of the Arctic Ocean, in the Menzezhsky and Onega districts.
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MOLLAH, W. S. "Townsville Stylo, a Pasture Innovation for Northern Territory Beef Cattle Production." Australian Geographical Studies 25, no. 1 (April 1987): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1987.tb00537.x.
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SMALL, LM, and DS PINCH. "Survey for hydatidosis in cattle bred in the northern region of the Northern Territory of Australia." Australian Veterinary Journal 81, no. 6 (June 2003): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb11513.x.
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Sellers, Richard. "Australian States and Northern Territory acreage update at APPEA 2009." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08033.
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Richard Sellers is the executive director of minerals and energy in the Northern Territory and has extensive experience with the management of natural resources and working specifically with business, regional and Indigenous groups on development programs. He has previously held roles as Executive Director—Fisheries and Director—Legal and Policy in the former Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries. This paper covers the annual presentation of exploration activity in onshore and coastal waters in Australia’s states and the Northern Territory. Included is a summary of upstream petroleum acreage opportunities for 2009 in the states and Northern Territory as well as geothermal energy exploration opportunities. While there have been increasing levels of exploration in recent years, there are large areas that remain under explored and the opportunity for future discoveries remains. State and the Northern Territory Governments have continued to undertake initiatives to attract and facilitate accelerated exploration and promote nationally and internationally these opportunities in frontier and production areas.
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Rowse, Tim. "Indigenous Self-determination Under Settler Colonial Capitalism: Northern Territory Cattle Communities 1968–96." Australian Historical Studies 50, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 503–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2019.1620814.
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Cowled, Chris, Lorna Melville, Richard Weir, Susan Walsh, Alex Hyatt, Rosey Van Driel, Steven Davis, Aneta Gubala, and David Boyle. "Genetic and epidemiological characterization of Middle Point orbivirus, a novel virus isolated from sentinel cattle in northern Australia." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 3413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83231-0.
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Middle Point orbivirus (MPOV) was isolated in 1998 from a healthy cow pastured at Beatrice Hill farm, Middle Point (formerly Coastal Plains Research Station), 50 km east of Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. The isolate could not be identified by using conventional serological tests, and electron microscopy indicated that it belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus. Genetic sequencing of segments 2 and 3 revealed that this virus is related to Yunnan orbivirus, an orbivirus known only from China and not previously associated with a vertebrate host. A real-time RT-PCR test was developed to study the epidemiology of this virus in the field. Over 150 previously unidentified viruses isolated from cattle between 1994 and 2006 were positively identified as isolates of MPOV. Serology was used to demonstrate the development of antibody responses to MPOV in cattle from multiple locations across the Northern Territory.
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Callaghan, M. J., N. W. Tomkins, I. Benu, and A. J. Parker. "How feasible is it to replace urea with nitrates to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from extensively managed beef cattle?" Animal Production Science 54, no. 9 (2014): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14270.
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Reducing methane emissions from cattle in Australia will be dependent upon finding a strategy that can be readily adopted by its northern beef industry. The majority of the herd are located in this region and they graze low-quality tropical (C4) pastures, resulting in high methane output. There are few mitigation options that can be readily applied to extensively grazed cattle. The addition of nitrate to the diet of cattle has been shown to reduce methane production and may be an applicable strategy in northern Australia. Nitrogen is often the primary limiting nutrient in low-quality tropical pastures and it is common practice by industry to supplement with urea. Supplying an equivalent dose of nitrogen using nitrate as an alternative to urea has been demonstrated in cattle without adverse impacts upon animal productivity or health. These findings may not be directly applicable to grazing cattle in northern Australian because the diets and feeding management are not representative of the region. Nitrite toxicity can result from feeding nitrates to livestock and there is evidence that the composition of the total diet and feeding pattern influences the risk of toxicity. If nitrate supplementation in grazing beef cattle in northern Australia can be demonstrated to reduce methane and be applied safely, adoption rates will still depend on carbon market pricing. Current modelling suggests that the cost of supplementing beef cows with nitrate in northern Australia would be at least double the cost of urea supplementation.
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Lim, T. K. "RAMBUTAN INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY - CURRENT STATUS, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EMPHASIS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 321 (October 1992): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.321.5.
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Blackwell, Boyd, Andy Fischer, Jim McFarlane, and Brian Dollery. "Mining and other industry contributions to employment leakage in Australia’s Northern Territory." Journal of Developing Areas 49, no. 6 (2015): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2015.0105.
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Bayliss, P., P. Bayliss, KM Yeomans, and KM Yeomans. "Distribution and Abundance of Feral Livestock in the 'Top End' of the Northern Territory (1985-86), and Their Relation to Population Control." Wildlife Research 16, no. 6 (1989): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890651.
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Feral and domestic livestock (buffalo, cattle, horses and donkeys) were censused by fixed-wing aerial survey over the 'Top End' of the Northern Territory (above the 16th parallel) in March-April 1985, encompassing 233 672 km2 (16.7% of the Territory). The mean sampling rate on the major coastal lowland (38 281 km2) was 7.3%, and that for the rest was 3.7%. The accuracy of population estimates was improved by applying habitat-specific visibility correction factors to animals counted in groups.
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Sulyga, N. V., G. P. Kovaleva, M. N. Lapina, and V. A. Vitol. "State and prospects of the development of dairy cattle industry in the Stavropol territory." Genetics and breeding of animals, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2020-4-11-16.
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This article presents the analysis of the state of dairy cattle industry and its short-term development prospects in connection with the crisis of 2020. For the purposes of objective assessment, we considered the period of 2015-2019 and presented the dynamics of the main statistical indicators with significant state support (grants, subsidies, etc.) for agricultural producers. In 2019 the total amount of disbursed funds was more than 1.4 billion rubles, most of which were directed to the development of dairy cattle breeding. According to the results of 2019, 73.9% in milk-production structure accrue to personal subsidiary farms, 19.6% - to agricultural organizations and 6.5% - to private farms. The significant share of produced milk in the Stavropol territory accrues to personal subsidiary farms; at the same time, the increase in milk production was 26.5% (643.8 thousand tons). Alongside the reduction of livestock in the general population of milk cattle in the Stavropol territory it is obvious that the genetic potential of cows increases due to the decrease of low-productivity animals and wide-scale import of high-producing breeding heifers, both from abroad and domestic market. The topical problems of the industry are low reproductive qualities of cows (the output of calves in agricultural organizations is only 75%), the violations of feeding technologies and animals housing due to insufficient availability of specialists. In general, industry development rate is quite high and has significant potential for production increase in short-term prospect, provided that the existing state-support programs continue. The most relevant trends are the increase of genetic potential of productivity in Stavropol livestock population, the adoption of state-of-the-art technologies for livestock keeping and feeding, as well as the development of farming and the niche of organic products.
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Menzies, Don, Kym P. Patison, Nick J. Corbet, and Dave L. Swain. "Using Walk-over-Weighing technology for parturition date determination in beef cattle." Animal Production Science 58, no. 9 (2018): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16694.
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The northern Australian beef industry is dominated by cow-calf operations where reproductive efficiency is a major profit driver. The postpartum anoestrus interval is a major contributor to an animal’s reproductive efficiency and is influenced by genetic selection. The genetic trait that measures an animal’s postpartum anoestrus interval is the days to calving estimated breeding value and a key requirement is knowledge of the cow’s calving date. Traditionally calving date is recorded using laborious and costly methods that are impeding the recording and hence the accuracy of genetic predictions for this trait by the northern Australian seedstock industry. The present experiment used Walk-over-Weighing technology to automatically record animal weights as cattle enter a restricted area where they access water. With the use of a novel method to accurately assess weights, the growth paths of cows were tracked from late gestation to post-calving. The calving date was visualised in the growth paths of most cows (78.3%) and a custom algorithm was able to automatically detect the calving date within 10 days of the observed calving period for 63% of cows. The use of Walk-over-Weighing to record calving date provides the opportunity to increase the recording of the days to calving estimated breeding value in the northern seedstock industry, thereby increasing reproductive efficiency and improving the profitability of northern beef producers.
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van Hattum, Jop, and Victoria Jackson. "Structural reform and petroleum (environment) regulations in the Northern Territory." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15071.
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The opportunity for onshore oil and gas development in the Northern Territory (NT) has grown exponentially in recent years, driven by the NT’s expansive shale gas resources in the McArthur Basin and elsewhere. Such resources provide many potential benefits to the territory’s economy, including job creation and clean, cost-effective energy generation opportunities. Critical to the successful development of the industry is a legitimate social licence to operate with the community, for which strong environmental regulation is a key enabling factor. Communities must be assured that oil and gas activities can provide ecologically sustainable development, and a transparent, evidence- and risk-based framework is the best way to achieve this. Following the NT Inquiry into Hydraulic Fracturing by Dr Allan Hawke in November 2014, and further review of the environmental assessment and approval processes in May 2015, the NT Government has implemented structural reform and developed contemporary outcome-focused Petroleum (Environment) Regulations to balance environmental protection with the economic development benefits offered by the onshore gas industry. Those objectives include that petroleum development in the NT: is consistent with the principles of ecologically sustainable development; reduces risks and impacts to levels that are as low as reasonably practicable and acceptable; ensures meaningful engagement with stakeholder; and, provides for transparency of decision-making and publication of approved environment management plans in full. This extended abstract provides an update of the reform of the regulatory framework, the regulatory objectives, the regulations by which they’re achieved, and the consultation process followed to gain wide stakeholder support. It will also highlight that strong regulations alone do not provide a robust regulatory framework, and the steps the NT Government is taking to achieve its objective. The regulations are planned to come into force in the third quarter of 2016. Meanwhile, a full review of the NT Petroleum Act and development of Petroleum (Resource Management) Regulations that takes into consideration the recommendations from the Hawke Inquiry into Hydraulic Fracturing in the NT is underway.
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Holmes, John H. "Ricardo revisited: Submarginal land and non-viable cattle enterprises in the northern territory gulf district." Journal of Rural Studies 6, no. 1 (January 1990): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(90)90028-7.
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Driver, Neville. "Bridging the gap—the oil and gas industry." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08068.
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The oil and gas industry is prone to skills shortages resulting from financial cycles, as is the case with many other industry sectors. Bridging the gap in indigenous employment is in part a solution to this problem and in the Northern Territory this has become easier due to innovative developments and smart partnerships. When smart partnerships are formed that involve like-minded organisations, successful employment outcomes are inevitable. Partnerships, involving APPEA, Industries Services Training Pty Ltd (IST), the Australian Government through the National Shills Shortage Strategy (NSSS), plus the Structured Training and Employment Program—Employment Related Services (STEP ERS), which are funded through the Department of Employment Education and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) and the Department of Education and Training (DET) in the Northern Territory, have provided funding for Indigenous pre—employment training programs that are leading to positive employment outcomes in the oil and gas Industry. The model developed and implemented in the Northern Territory by IST ensures Indigenous employment outcomes follow the delivery of the Indigenous pre-employment training programs. Key factors include: Indigenous mentors; culturally appropriate trainers; Monitoring employment activities; and, Specialist project management from APPEA and IST. Methodologies and strategies employed by various partners ensure employment outcomes through the cooperation of principal subcontractors who require staff and who can service contracts let by major APPEA members. Of the 18 Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander participants who commenced the eight-week program in 2008, 16 graduates received their nationally recognised Statements of Attainment at the graduation ceremony held at the Darwin Convention Centre in October 2008. There were six female graduates of the program. Competencies included first aid, dogging, safe working at heights and OHS including risk and hazard analysis training. You may ask yourself why these courses were so successful when many others have failed. The presentation will outline difficulties; successful methodologies and strategies used by IST to ensure employment outcomes are achieved. These strategies include full-time Indigenous mentors throughout the course plus culturally appropriate trainers, smart recruitment strategies, dedicated employment service brokers soliciting employment opportunities, industry site visits, industry guest speakers and the commitment of Governments and APPEA. As a result of the successes to date, the relevant government departments have committed to further courses throughout 2009.
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Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 5. Land and pasture development practices." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04013.
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The land and pasture development practices of 375 northern Australian beef properties in 8 regions were surveyed during 1996–97. These properties represented a broad cross-section of the beef industry in terms of geographical location, enterprise and herd size, and ownership structures. Both tree clearing and killing were more common in Queensland than in the Northern Territory or northern Western Australia. In all regions where trees were poisoned, native pasture was more widely used than sowing introduced grass and/or legume species. In contrast, tree clearing was most often accompanied by sowing pastures (either an introduced grass only or introduced grass and legume species together), rather than using native pastures. Central coastal Queensland had the highest use of poisoning trees for pasture development. Tree clearing and using native pasture was most important in central Queensland regions and the Maranoa South West. Sowing introduced pasture species under live trees was more commonly practiced in northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia than in other regions. A considerable number of introduced grass and legume species were sown by producers. Most of the sown species were grasses. Many of the sown grass and legume species were spreading naturally. Buffel grass was spreading in all areas with < 1000 mm average annual rainfall, but most sown species were spreading only in wetter regions. Stylosanthes spp. were the most commonly spreading legume species in regions with > 500 mm average annual rainfall. The results are discussed in relation to contemporary natural resource management issues and how this may affect land and pasture development activities in the future.
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Patterson, R. A. "SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA." Australian Veterinary Journal 41, no. 7 (March 10, 2008): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1965.tb01831.x.
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Zamaratskii, Dmitrii, Margarita Simakova, Guli Koltun, and Viktoriia Podvalova. "Veterinary and sanitary examination of yak slaughter products in case of invasive diseases in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020301031.
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Primorsky Territory is a platform for the intensification of the livestock industry in order to provide the population with high-quality meat products. However, the introduction of new species of animals (yaks, camels, highly productive breeds of cattle) to the territory of the region contributes to the emergence and spread of invasions among them. Fascioliasis, dictyocaulosis, piroplasmidosis are natural focal parasitic diseases of animals that are widespread in the Primorsky Territory. They are detected almost every day during the veterinary and sanitary examination of animal slaughter products. Despite the absence of a threat of infection with these diseases for humans through meat and by-products, there remains a risk of deterioration in the quality of such products and the development of defects in meat raw materials, which leads to the impossibility of further sale and consumption. Yaks were brought to the Primorsky Territory in 2010 as an experiment, and in 2015, farmers actively used these animals as beef cattle, since their simplicity in keeping significantly reduced the cost of the meat production process. The conditions of keeping yaks in the Primorsky Territory contributed to their infection with parasitic diseases, the extent of the invasion of which reached 60% and more.
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Price, TP, F. O'Gara, ESC Smith, R. Pitkethley, and P. Hausler. "Commercial experience in developing ley farming systems for the Katherine-Darwin region, Northern Territory." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9961059.
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This paper examines the past, present and likely future commercial development and adoption of ley farming systems in the Katherine-Darwin region(about 12-14�S, 131-132�E, elevation 30-1 10 m) of the Northern Territory. Producers' current practices, adaptations and the extent to which they have adopted a systems approach are reported. Advantages of ley farming and the constraints to its more rapid adoption are described. Also discussed are aspects of crop, cattle and hay production; weed, insect and plant disease control, and management; on-farm demonstrations and the economics of crop production, from the producer's perspective, in the context of ley farming.
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Green, Peter. "Australian States and Northern Territory acreage update at APPEA 2010." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09003.
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Peter Green is the Geoscience Manager: Energy Geoscience in the Geological Survey Queensland and has extensive experience in basin studies, geoscience and the development of petroleum regulation in Queensland. This paper provides a summary of the land releases for petroleum exploration for onshore areas and coastal waters of Australia for 2010. The summaries include upstream petroleum acreage opportunities for the states and the Northern Territory, and geothermal energy exploration opportunities. The rise in interest in export liquefied natural gas projects has ensured petroleum exploration and production has remained strong. Interest in acquiring petroleum acreage to explore for both conventional and non-conventional plays remains high. Australian state and the Northern Territory governments continue to provide access to land and promotional opportunities for companies to undertake exploration and development of our petroleum resources. Acreage on offer provides a mix of exploration opportunities from conventional oil and gas through to the unconventional plays such as shale gas and tight gas. This change in acreage on offer reflects the changing nature of the onshore petroleum industry in Australia.
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Ross, Andrew, Martin Stewart, Chanti Richardson, and Alex Clifford. "Collaborative development of the Northern Territory low-emissions carbon capture, utilisation and storage hub – a blueprint for the rapid decarbonisation of Northern Australia." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S353—S357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21185.
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As the world increases its decarbonisation ambition, Australia is well placed to offer low emission intensity energy supplies to our region. Northern Australia’s plentiful resources mean that the region can be both an energy export and regional decarbonisation powerhouse. The Northern Territory has abundant natural gas and solar resources, significant carbon dioxide (CO2) storage capacity and proximity to international markets. This paper will summarise the development of the business case for a large-scale Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) hub based in the Northern Territory. The work is a result of a collaborative initiative to bring together experience and expertise from CSIRO, the Northern Territory Government, major gas industry emitters and engineering companies. The approach has been to develop a common vision of a low emission CCUS hub, develop an understanding of the key attributes of a hub, the development decisions, value drivers, market analysis and an understanding of potential economic outcomes that could be realised from its collaborative development. This work contemplates both initial and long-term economies of scale required to provide a pathway for decarbonisation of existing industries while providing opportunities for the development of new low-emission industries.
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Badina, Svetlana, and Alexey Pankratov. "Implementation of large investment projects in the Northern sea route coastal territory in the context of climate changes." InterCarto. InterGIS 28, no. 1 (2022): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-1-28-91-104.
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The article presents an analysis of the prospects for infrastructure support for large investment projects in the mining industry on the coastal territory of the Northern Sea Route (those projects that should provide its cargo base in the long term). A value estimate was made for the transport infrastructure, which should appear before 2030. Its total value, according to calculations, is about 0.5 trillion rubles in 2021 prices. Of these, about 370 billion rubles related to the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and 160 billion rubles—to the Krasnoyarsk krai. The following key infrastructure projects were analyzed: the construction of the “Utrenny” liquefied natural gas and stable gas condensate terminal in the Sabetta seaport, the construction of the Northern Latitudinal Railway, the construction of the Bovanenkovo-Sabetta railway, the construction of oil and coal terminals in the seaport Dixon, reconstruction of the Tiksi and Pevek seaports. The results obtained are necessary for predicting damages from natural hazards caused by climate change. The study analyzed the key trends in the construction industry, the dynamics of investments in fixed assets and fixed assets (primarily by the type of activity “Transportation and storage”) in the territory of the key region that forms the cargo base of the Northern Sea Route—the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The analysis showed that the intensive dynamics characteristic of the fixed assets of the territory under consideration does not allow forecasting potential damage from climate change based on current data, but requires an assessment of the fixed assets value by the middle of the 21st century.
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Truden, John. "Where Cowboys and Indians Meet: A Southern Cheyenne Web of Kinship and the Transnational Cattle Industry, 1877–1885." Western Historical Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2019): 363–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz072.
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Abstract Between 1877 and 1885, a Southern Cheyenne chief named Stone Calf gathered a coalition of Southern Cheyenne women and men, cultural intermediaries, ranchers, missionaries, and U.S. soldiers together in northwestern Indian Territory. Bound by kinship, gendered labor, economic opportunity, and political necessity, this alliance negotiated the transnational cattle industry’s access to the environmental resources of the Southern Great Plains. Using these powerful ties, Stone Calf’s coalition successfully shaped both the cattle industry’s expansion and displaced the Office of Indian Affairs’ influence in the region. By recognizing Stone Calf’s coalition as a powerful transnational force, this article illuminates both the weight of kinship and Indigenous participation in a globally interconnected world.
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Wilson, CS, VJ Brookes, and DJ Jenkins. "Echinococcus granulosus in the Northern Territory, Australia: hydatid disease reported in beef cattle from the region." Australian Veterinary Journal 98, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12916.
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Eggington, AR, TH McCosker, and CA Graham. "Intake of lick block supplements by cattle grazing native monsoonal tallgrass pastures in the Northern Territory." Rangeland Journal 12, no. 1 (1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9900007.
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Four supplementation treatments to investigate wet seasons responses were imposed on eight Brahman/Shorthom cross herds totalling 870 animals of all classes (cows and calves, bulls, heifers and steers). They grazed 12,300 ha of native pasture in the Darwin district of the Northern Territory. The treatments were: (i) control (no wet season supplement), (ii) Mineral (Ultraphos - supplementation with 13 minerals during the wet season), (iii) +Protein (Ultrapro-50 - the same 13 minerals plus non-protein nitrogen (WN) and true protein over the wet season), and (iv) Strategic (strategic use of salt, mineral and hTN supplements over the early wet, mid wet and late wet seasons respectively). All treatments received an hTN plus mineral supplement (Uramol) during the dry season. Supplement intakes by the herds were measured monthly for three years. Intake of Salt, Ultraphos and Ultrapro-50 supplements averaged 43, 124 and 149 g/animal/day respectively during the three wet seasons. Losses of the molasses-based block formulations due to rain were small (7%) during the wet season. However, up to one third of each pure salt block was eroded. Intake of Uramol during the three dry seasons averaged 182 g/animal/day across all herds. No urea toxicity problems were noticed over the three years of the supplement programme, despite high intakes during the dry season. All animals consumed some supplement. However, levels of supplement intake: (i) increased with the seasonal decrease in native pasture quality, (ii) decreased with an increase in proportion of paddock burnt, (iii) varied between animal classes, with lactating cows consuming 64% more supplement than non-lactating cows in two of the three years, and (iv) varied between individuals within classes. Individual intake varied widely (from 10 to 835 glanirnallday for lactating cows) with no significant correlation between individual intake and the pregnancy rate or average daily liveweight gain.
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Petherick, J. Carol. "Animal welfare issues associated with extensive livestock production: The northern Australian beef cattle industry." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 92, no. 3 (August 2005): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2005.05.009.
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Schatz, T. J., S. Thomas, and G. Geesink. "Comparison of the growth and meat tenderness of Brahman and F1 Senepol × Brahman steers." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14243.
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The growth of 116 Brahman (BRAH) and 96 F1 Senepol × Brahman (F1 SEN) steers grazing improved Buffel pasture in the Northern Territory was compared. Average growth was 10 kg higher in F1 SEN during grazing in the 9 months following weaning. Twenty-five steers of each genotype were compared for feedlot performance and meat quality. There was no significant difference in feedlot growth over 73 days in a commercial feedlot. On average F1 SEN carcasses graded two boning groups lower in the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading system. While M. longissimus samples from both genotypes were quite tender (shear force <4 kg), F1 SEN samples were found to be significantly more tender than BRAH (−0.44 kg) by shear force testing. These results indicate that crossbreeding with a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed, such as the Senepol, may be a viable method for cattle producers with Brahman herds in northern Australia to improve the meat quality of the cattle they produce.
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Whan, I., G. Bortolussi, and R. Backus. "The impact of innovation on beef production in far northern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 2 (2006): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05175.
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In this paper we examine the forces that have shaped Australia’s far northern (north of 20° south) beef industry over the past 35 years. This is done for the purpose of tracing its transformation from a state of relative isolation to an integral part of the national beef industry. We note that integration is being accompanied by a greater focus, particularly by corporate producers, on specialised breeding in the far north and this is being assisted by innovations that increase herd fertility and raise the meat quality of the progeny, while retaining adaptation of the breeding herd to the local environment. Among a range of technologies, genetic improvement has significant potential to bring about rapid improvement in the meat quality of tropically adapted cattle. With respect to gene-based technology, however, independent producers will have to be convinced about the rigour of the technology and the prospects of economic gains before they make significant management changes. To this end, innovative marketing systems are needed that will reveal the link between expected meat returns and the offer prices applying to groups of growing cattle in any location. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop and introduce a descriptive and informative trading language for growing cattle that incorporates inherent qualities including those that influence meat quality. Innovations that will complement those applying to enhancement of meat quality are more general but will significantly raise herd productivity. We also compare the operating systems of both corporate and independent producers in the region.
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Vozny, I. P. "WOODWORKING IN THE NORTHERN BUKOVYNA DURING 12th — EARLY 13th CENTURIES." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.24.
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The article deals with the development of woodworking industry in the medieval settlements of Northern Bukovyna which for a long time remained poor studied. During the Middle Ages this territory was covered with significant forest areas, in which there were 22 local breeds of both industrial and rare trees. Accordingly, the woodworking industry here, as well as throughout the territory of Old Rus, had many branches. Being well acquainted with the technical properties of wood the local masters widely used this knowledge depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the breed. Constructing fortifications they used mainly oak and beech, for residential and commercial buildings they used pine and fir. Hardwood (maple, ash) was spread in manufacturing of dishes, while spoons were made from the yarrow, juniper. The remains of precise or carved wooden dishes were discovered in the settlements of Northern Bukovyna. Beech and oak were used in the craft. Containers were made from lime to store loose materials. Local carpenters were aware of various ways of connecting individual wooden elements to each other in a particular product or construction. When erecting dwellings or household structures in corners, the main method was to connect the locks, and when connected horizontally, direct, overhead, spit joints were widely used. At the archaeological sites of Northern Bukovyna, as the open settlements were almost not explored, considerable woodworking toolkit was discovered. It is represented as forms and fragments of blades, ax, bits, drill bits, knives, nail, etc. Their typology has wide analogies among archeological materials from other territories of the Old Rus state and is fully integrated into the generally accepted typology. Thus, materials that characterize the woodworking industry of Northern Bukovyna completely allow trace the evolution of the woodworking business, which developed in terms of economic development of Old Rus.
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Schatz, T., D. Ffoulkes, P. Shotton, and M. Hearnden. "Effect of high-intensity rotational grazing on the growth of cattle grazing buffel pasture in the Northern Territory and on soil carbon sequestration." Animal Production Science 60, no. 15 (2020): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19552.
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Context Scientific and anecdotal reports conflict on the effects of intensive rotational grazing (IRG) on cattle growth, and very limited objective data are available from cattle grazing in northern Australia that producers can use to decide whether to adopt IRG. Aims This study aimed to compare liveweight gain and sequestration of soil organic carbon when cattle grazed buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) under either continuous grazing (CG) or IRG. Methods In each year of this 9-year study, a cohort of Brahman and Brahman-cross weaners was randomly allocated to IRG and CG treatments. They grazed predominantly buffel pasture at Douglas Daly Research Farm from shortly after weaning for about a year, at which time they were replaced by the next year’s group, and the average liveweight gains of the treatments over the post-weaning year were compared each year for 9 years. Soil organic carbon was measured in the topsoil (0–30 cm) twice each year for 5 years (2009–14) and changes in carbon stocks over time were compared between treatments. Key results In each year of this study, the growth of cattle grazing buffel pasture was lower under IRG than CG. In each year, liveweight gain was lower (P < 0.05) per head and per hectare under IRG. Topsoil soil organic carbon stocks did not increase in the IRG treatment over the 5 years of this study. Conclusions This study found that cattle growth, both per head and per hectare, was lower under IRG than CG, and that IRG did not result in any increase in soil organic carbon over time. Implications The lower per head and per area production from the IRG system, combined with the extra infrastructure and operating costs for IRG systems, make it unlikely that adoption of IRG would improve the profitability of cattle-grazing operations on similar pasture systems in northern Australia. However, the findings of this study may not apply to other pasture systems and environments.
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Davis, Ben W., and Christopher J. Carle. "Biodiversity protection offsets in the Northern Territory – the Ichthys LNG story." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S243—S245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21194.
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Protection of land and sea country in the Northern Territory (NT) for biodiversity offsets is difficult. Land tenure, competing management priorities and a lack of data mean securing land for conventional offsets, especially for long-term projects, is problematic for potential offset scenarios. Despite these challenges, the INPEX-led Ichthys Joint Venture is required to protect an area of land and sea country in the NT to offset the perceived impacts to the environment of the Ichthys LNG energy development. The requirement stems from the Commonwealth Government Approval EPBC 2008/4208 Conditions 11(b) and 11(c); and relates to the development of Ichthys LNG at Bladin Point and associated dredging activities. Numerous attempts have been made by INPEX, on behalf of its Ichthys Joint Venture participants, to meet these offset requirements, spanning a 10-year history and involving multiple stakeholders. Many lessons have been learnt along this journey, and this paper aims to shed light on INPEX’s attempts to find practical solutions to these challenges. Recently, the Commonwealth Government accepted a novel industry approach put forward by INPEX to work with Aboriginal Traditional Owners to protect and manage country for future generations. If successful, it is expected to deliver positive outcomes beyond the environment it protects.
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Abubakar, A. A., P. H. Brooks, S. U. Abdullahi, and A. C. Kudi. "Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among Fulani cattle in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja-Nigeria." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020998.
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The re-emergence of tuberculosis (TB) has been observed in both developing and developed countries in recent years. Tuberculosis, a major public health and zoonotic problem, is responsible for 2 to 3 million human deaths annually (WHO 2003) and also causes great economic loss in the animal industry. Tuberculosis has been declared a global emergency by WHO in 1993; the first to be declared as such. Nigeria with a population of over 120 million people and cattle population of about 19.8 million has been ranked 4th among the world’s 22 countries with a high TB burden. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among Fulani cattle, which are the main source of milk and milk products to the public. The culture of consuming raw milk as a local delicacy known as ‘fura da nono’ among Nigerians especially in the study area informed this study.
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Marshall, Nadine A. "Adaptive capacity on the northern Australian rangelands." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 6 (2015): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15054.
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This paper presents an overview of research that has recently been conducted on the northern Australian rangelands. The research has focussed on conceptualising and measuring the current capacity of cattle producers to adopt new strategies so as to better adapt to the impacts of climate change. The capacity to adapt is defined as comprising four essential elements: (i) managing risk and uncertainty, (ii) possessing strategic skill sets such as planning, experimenting, refining and learning, (iii) psychological and financial buffers, and (iv) an interest in change. However, there appears to be a lack of sufficient capacity currently existing within the industry to meet the challenges of the future: only 16% of producers are regarded to be sufficiently adaptive. Research also highlights that adaptive capacity can be enhanced, and here we highlight those factors that are known to influence adaptive capacity either positively or negatively. Producers with strong networks and trust in informal and formal connections, a strong locus of control, larger properties, a focus on profitability, and use technology, are more likely to persist within the industry through time. We propose that investing in the capacity of producers to better cope and adapt to change is a most logical approach to ensuring both the sustainability of the industry and of the rangelands. A range of strategies are proposed that may enhance adaptive capacity.
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ROBINSON, P. A. "A history of bovine tuberculosis eradication policy in Northern Ireland." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 15 (March 17, 2015): 3182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815000291.
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SUMMARYDespite many years of state-sponsored efforts to eradicate the disease from cattle through testing and slaughter, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is still regarded as the most important and complex of animal health challenges facing the British livestock agricultural industry. This paper provides a historical analysis of the ongoing bTB statutory eradication programme in one part of the UK – Northern Ireland (NI) – which began in 1949 as a voluntary scheme, but between 1959 and 1960 became compulsory for all cattle herd-owners. Tracing bTB back through time sets the eradication efforts of the present day within a deeper context, and provides signposts for what developed in subsequent decades. The findings are based primarily on empirical research using historical published reports of the Ministry of Agriculture and state documents held in the public archives in NI, and they emphasize the need to consider the economic, social and political contexts of disease eradication efforts and their influences on both the past and the present.
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Uren, MF, T. D St George, PD Kirkland, RS Stranger, and MD Murray. "Epidemiology of Bovine Ephemeral Fever in Australia 1981?1985." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 40, no. 2 (1987): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9870125.
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Bovine ephemeral fever is an important viral disease of cattle in Australia. The disease occurred each year, principally in summer and autumn, between 1981 and 1985. Queensland and the northern half of New South Wales were areas of greatest activity with only sporadic cases being reported from the Northern Territory and the northern third of Western Australia. Since 1981, the disease has been endemic in an extensive area of eastern Australia and has tended to occur in widely scattered outbreaks rather than the north-south advancing wave form of the epidemics of 1936-37, 1967-68, 1970-71 and 1972-74. The southernmost outbreaks between 1981 and 1985 were well within the limits of these earlier epidemics. The pattern of disease appears to have become seasonally endemic rather than periodically endemic in the northern two-thirds of eastern Australia. Ephemeral fever was not recorded in Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia or the southern part of Western Australia between 1981 and 1985
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Ahmad, Nisar, and Mazhar Qayyum. "Seroprevalence and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in large ruminants in northern Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 08 (August 13, 2014): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4405.
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Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonosis that causes significant economic losses due to abortions and other developmental disabilities in livestock animals. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle and buffaloes in northern parts of Punjab, Pakistan, where no such work previously existed. Methodology:Serum samples obtained from 400 cattle and 422 buffaloes present on different private and government-owned farms were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additional data, including water sources, hygienic status at the farm, management practices, size of the herd, and presence of cats in the vicinity of the farm were obtained using a questionnaire in surveys and interviews. Results: The overall prevalence of infection was 19.75% (79/400) in cattle and 15.16% (64/422) in buffaloes. IgG antibodies were found in 75 (18.75%) cattle and 58 (13.74%) buffaloes, while IgM antibodies were found in 9 (2.25%) cattle and 10 (2.37%) buffaloes. Seroprevalence was significantly higher in females and older animals of both species. Seroprevalence was found to be associated with poor hygienic conditions, extensive management practices, and presence of cats in the surrounding areas. No difference of seroprevalence was observed with respect to different breeds, location, water source, and herd size. Conclusion: The present study found that T. gondii is prevalent in large ruminants in northern Punjab, and may have important implications for the livestock industry and public health.
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Woinarski, J. C. Z. "The conservation status of rodents in the monsoonal tropics of the Northern Territory." Wildlife Research 27, no. 4 (2000): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97047.
Full textAbstract:
The rodent fauna of the monsoonal tropics of the Northern Territory comprises 23 native species and two introduced species. Three species (Zyzomys maini, Z. palatalis and Pseudomys calabyi) are endemic to the area, and four species (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis, P. desertor, P. johnsoni and Notomys alexis) enter the area only on its southern (arid) fringe. The rodent fauna is closely related to that of the Kimberley, Western Australia. Distribution maps for all species are given. One species (Z. palatalis) has an extremely restricted range and is regarded as critically endangered. The lack of information on the distribution and abundance of rodents in general in this area is evident in the national classification of five of its species (Xeromys myoides, Mesembriomys macrurus, Notomys aquilo, Pseudomys desertor and Pseudomys johnsoni) as Insufficiently Known. The two introduced rodents (Mus domesticus and Rattus rattus) are virtually restricted to urban and highly modified areas, although R. rattus also occurs on one uninhabited island. In contrast to that of much of the rest of Australia, this rodent fauna has apparently retained its full complement of species since European colonisation. This enduring legacy is attributable largely to the relatively limited modification of its environments. However, three species (Mesembriomys macrurus, Rattus tunneyi and Conilurus penicillatus) appear to be declining. The pattern of decline in these species, and in the mammal fauna generally, is obscured by the very limited historical data. However, declines appear most pronounced in the cattle country of the Victoria River District and Gulf regions. Priorities for the management of this rodent fauna include survey of poorly known areas, survey for poorly known species, monitoring of rodent communities, and landscape-wide management of the three pervasive processes with probably greatest impacts – fire, grazing and feral predators.