Journal articles: 'Northern Jarrah Forest Reserve'

1

Dundas, Shannon J. "Tell-tale testicles: observations of morphological abnormalities in small, spatially restricted mainland quokka (Setonix brachyurus) populations." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17045.

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The quokka (Setonix brachyurus) exists in spatially restricted populations in the northern jarrah forest in south-west Western Australia. Observations were made of adult male quokkas exhibiting morphological anomalies (cryptorchidism and micropthalmia) that may be indicative of inbreeding within these populations. Despite the presence of males with abnormalities that could potentially affect their fertility, most females captured were carrying a pouch young or feeding a joey at foot. Field researchers and managers should routinely report abnormalities seen in wild captured animals. Reduced genetic diversity of quokka populations in the northern jarrah forest may not be the key threatening process and preservation of habitat may be more important to ensure persistence of populations. Future management of this species in the northern jarrah forest should include up-to-date occurrence mapping across their range using targeted camera trap surveys and management of habitat to improve connectivity between populations.

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Stoneman, G. L. "Wood generated by thinning in the northern jarrah forest." Australian Forestry 49, no. 2 (January 1986): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1986.10674473.

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Abbott, I. "Distribution of introduced earthworms in the norhtern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Soil Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850263.

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Five species of introduced earthworm were recorded in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia during 1980-83. These are Aporrectodea trapezoides (Duges), A. caliginosa (Savigny), Eisenia fetida (Savigny), Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny) (all Lumbricidae) and Microscolex dubius (Fletcher) (Megascolecidae). A. trapezoides was recorded most frequently. These introduced species occur within the forest only where there has been major disturbance, especially where forest has been replaced by pasture, orchards or settlement. They have not been recorded in forest that has been logged or in plantations of exotic trees. Introduced species of earthworm were frequently found in association with indigenous species. Most individuals of A. trapezoides kept in jarrah forest soil in the laboratory lost weight over 30 days, in contrast to an indigenous species of earthworm. How and when earthworm species were introduced is discussed in terms of the early European history of the jarrah forest.

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Majer, Jonathan D., Harry F. Recher, Christopher Norwood, and Brian E. Heterick. "Variation in bird assemblages and their invertebrate prey in eucalypt formations across a rainfall gradient in south-west Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 23, no. 4 (2017): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17024.

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Our previous work has shown how invertebrate food resources influence usage of tree species by birds. Using data from Western Australian forests and woodlands, we extend the findings to indicate how the avifauna is influenced by these resources at the landscape level. The northern dry sclerophyll forest of south-west Australia comprises jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) to the west, with an abrupt replacement by wandoo (E. wandoo) plus powderbark wandoo (E. accedens) woodland to the east; codominant marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees occur throughout. Knockdown samples have previously indicated that the canopy invertebrate fauna is richer and more abundant in wandoo woodland than in jarrah/marri forest. To provide an indication of their general abundance and diversity in these formations, invertebrates using the trunks of the ubiquitous marri were measured along a transect from jarrah/marri forest to wandoo woodland. Mirroring the canopy, the trunk fauna had high species turnover over short distances. As with the canopy fauna, invertebrate diversity and abundance was higher on marri situated in the wandoo zone than in the jarrah/marri areas, indicating a generally larger invertebrate fauna in the drier regions of the transect. Abundance and diversity of birds, many of which are wholly or partly insectivorous, were measured at the same sites. Birds were more abundant and there were more species in areas with the wandoo species than in those dominated by jarrah/marri. Assemblage composition also differed in the two forest types. It is evident that changes in bird abundance, richness, and assemblage composition are likely determined on a landscape scale by the type, abundance, and diversity of food resources available to them. These patterns of change within forest invertebrate faunas and their primary vertebrate predators need to be considered when making decisions on conserving or managing forest communities in Australia.

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VLAHOS, STEPHEN, and DAVID T. BELL. "Soil seed-bank components of the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Austral Ecology 11, no. 2 (June 1986): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1986.tb01388.x.

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Bell, DT, S. Vlahos, and LE Watson. "Stimulation of Seed-Germination of Understorey Species of the Northern Jarrah Forest of Western-Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 5 (1987): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870593.

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Glasshouse trials in trays of soil measured the germination response to high temperatures and the presence of charcoal in 40 non-leguminous understorey species of the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) forest. Species producing relatively low proportions of viable and germinable seeds tended to be the long-lived resprouting species where reproductive output may not be of major adaptive significance. Three species, Conostylis setosa, Trymalium ledifolium and T. spathulaturn, with seed stored in the soil, were stimulated to germinate by high temperatures. Bradysporous, obligate reseeding species showed either no temperature effect (mainly species of Dryandra) or death at high temperatures (species of Hakea, whose seeds normally are protected by woody fruits). Charred wood of Eucalyptus marginata induced an increase in the proportion of Burchardia umbellata germinating under the test conditions. Relationships of the seed germination results to aspects of r- and K- selection theory and fire management policy in the northern jarrah forest are also discussed.

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Bunn, Stuart E. "Aspects of the functional organization of streams of the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 23, no. 3 (October 1988): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1987.11898027.

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Dundas, Shannon J., Peter J. Adams, and Patricia A. Fleming. "Population monitoring of an endemic macropod, the quokka (Setonix brachyurus), in the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 1 (2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16033.

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Monitoring populations of threatened species plays a part in continued conservation and contributes to assessment of how effective management actions are. We estimated population indices and studied cohort demographics of mainland populations of quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) at 14 sites across the northern jarrah forest. One site is currently monitored through annual trapping, seven were intensively surveyed a decade previously, while six sites had no previous monitoring. Across the 14 study sites, no quokkas were detected at one site and the other population estimates ranged from 5 to 25 adults. Most females (86% of capture events) carried a pouch young or were lactating (indicating a young at foot). Quokka populations at the eight previously-surveyed sites showed variable population changes. We discuss likely contributing factors, including broad-scale fox baiting and fire. Comparative studies of native species over time are important; however, such comparison has limited capacity to explain population changes without comparable methods or where relevant contributing factors (e.g. predator numbers, habitat change) have not likewise been monitored. The threat of changing climate in the northern jarrah forest (where increasing temperatures and greater frequency of drought have been witnessed over the last decades) and implications for control of fire regimes increases the urgency for an updated review of quokka populations to guide appropriate management actions.

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McDougall, K. L., R. J. Hobbs, and G. E. St Hardy. "Vegetation of Phytophthora cinnamomi-infested and adjoining uninfested sites in the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 3 (2002): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01096.

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The vegetation of seven sites in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi was recorded and compared with adjoining vegetation. The number of species per quadrat was found to be the same in vegetation affected by P. cinnamomi as in healthy vegetation, although there were more species overall in affected vegetation. Vegetation of uninfested sites had a higher cover and more species per quadrat of trees and shrubs and lower cover and fewer species per quadrat of annual plants than vegetation of infested sites. Although many species that are known to be highly susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi were rare at infested sites, only two (Banksia grandis and Tetratheca hirsuta) were absent from all of the 50-year-old infested parts of sites. Several species that are known to be highly susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi were as common at infested as at healthy sites. The presence of such species at infested sites and the capacity of P. cinnamomi to infect species it does not kill suggest that this pathogen will persist and continue to influence future vegetation in the jarrah forest.

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10

Abbott, I. "Influence of some environmental factors on indigenous earthworms in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Soil Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850271.

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Indigenous species of earthworms (Family Megascolecidae) are widely distributed throughout the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia. They occur not at random, but in an aggregated pattern well described by a negative binomial. Earthworms are only active in the topsoil (to depth of 5.5 cm) when soil moisture (gravimetric) exceeds 4%. This occurs from May until November. The number of species occurring in jarrah forest at any place, and the frequency of occurrence, biomass and density of earthworms, vary with average annual rainfall. In the zone of highest rainfall six or seven species occur together, frequency of occurrence is 40-60%, and total biomass and total density do not exceed 8 g m-2 and 40 m-2 respectively, and generally average much less. In the lowest rainfall zone only one or two species occur in any one locality, with total density much less than 10 m-2. Multiple regression analyses between four earthworm variables and 20 site and soil characteristics were highly successful in that up to three predictor variables yielded coefficients of determination exceeding 0.70. The most useful predictor variables were rainfall zone, forest basal area, soil pH and proportion of silt and clay in the topsoil (to depth of 15 cm). Recurrent low intensity (spring) fires and a single moderate intensity fire (summer) have minor direct and indirect effects on earthworms. Logging also has scant effect on their frequency of occurrence. The land use most adverse to earthworms is the clearing of forest for mining of bauxite or gravel. The effect on earthworms of clearing of forest and subsequent reforestation with pines varies: in one case there was an adverse effect, whereas in two others there was no difference.

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11

Bunn, SE. "Life histories of some Benthic invetebrates form streams of the Northern Jarrah Forest, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 6 (1988): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880785.

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Life history patterns of thirteen species of invertebrates from streams of the northern jarrah forest were examined over a 1-year period. Five species had univoltine cycles with a single cohort and demonstrated a high degree of synchrony of larval development and a restricted period of adult emergence. Two species of Leptophlebiidae also had univoltine cycles but showed the more typical pattern of Australian mayflies, with extended recruitment, multiple overlapping cohorts and a long period of adult emergence. Uroctena sp., a small gammarid, had a generation time of 1 year but showed considerable spatial variation in the degree of synchrony of development. This appeared to be a result of differences in the constancy of stream discharge and was not attributable to differences in the temperature regime of the streams. At least three species demonstrated cohort splitting which resulted in an apparently bivoltine cycle. A life-history pattern of alternating long and short development times is described which, on average, would produce two generations every 3 years. This is considered to be a highly adaptive strategy for Australian stream insects with slow life cycles and can explain the extended periods of recruitment and adult emergence so often observed. Streams of the northern jarrah forest are depauperate compared with other Australian streams, despite predictable temperature and discharge regimes. The insular nature of the south-west Bassian region and its long period of isolation may be the principle cause of this reduced diversity. The invertebrate community of these streams is simple in structure and has a high degree of seasonality that is atypical of the temperate streams of Australia and New Zealand.

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12

Hayward, Matt W., Paul J. de Tores, Michael J. Dillon, and Peter B. Banks. "Predicting the occurrence of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus (Macropodidae:Marsupialia), in Western Australia's northern jarrah forest." Wildlife Research 34, no. 3 (2007): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06161.

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The quokka, Setonix brachyurus, is a medium-sized, macropodid marsupial that is endemic to south-western Australia. It has declined markedly in its distribution and abundance since the early 1930s and is listed as vulnerable under IUCN criteria. The presence or absence of quokka populations at 66 sites in the northern jarrah forest of Australia was investigated using generalised linear models (GLM). We hypothesised that fox control and the presence of a mosaic of post-fire seral stages within Agonis linearifolia swamp vegetation were important in predicting the presence of quokkas. The number of poison meat baits delivered per hectare, the average number of years since the swamps burnt and the number of post-fire age classes within the swamps (mosaic value) were used as explanatory variables. Two models had substantial support (ΔAICc < 2), with the best approximating model including the variables ‘baiting’ and ‘swamp age’, and the second-best model including the additional variable ‘swamp mosaic value’. The two best models had Akaike weights (weight of evidence as being the best model of the data) of 0.465 and 0.308 respectively. We used an information-theoretic approach and multimodel inference to determine the best approximating model of baiting, swamp age and swamp mosaic, and Akaike weights to assess model fit and to rank variable importance. Baiting had a model average parameter estimate of 98, swamp age 79 and a mosaic of swamp age classes 42, implying that baiting was more than twice as important as the number of swamp ages classes at a site in predicting the occurrence of quokkas. Evidence from our analysis therefore supports previous studies that concluded that continued fox control and the maintenance of a mosaic of early seral stage (<10 years since fire) and long unburnt habitat (>19 years since fire) are essential for its conservation.

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13

Hayward, M. W. "Diet of the quokka (Setonix brachyurus) (Macropodidae:Marsupialia) in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Wildlife Research 32, no. 1 (2005): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03051.

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The diet of the quokka in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia was investigated by microscopic examination of faecal pellets of known individuals and comparison with a reference collection of plant epidermal tissue. Twenty-nine plant species were identified from the 97 faecal pellet groups collected from 53 individuals, confirming that the quokka is a browsing herbivore that favours leaves and stems. Of those 29 species, 11 made up over 90% of the diet and five species accounted for 71%. Thomasia species were the most common in the diet and the most preferred; Dampiera hederacea was also preferred and these species, along with Bossiaea aquifolia, Mirbelia dilatata and Agonis linearifolia, were the five most important food items. The seasonal variation in the diet of the quokka, and that between sites, can be attributed to increases in nutrient content associated with fresh growth associated with season or vegetation seral stage after fire. The reduced dietary diversity at sites with younger seral stages (<10 years after fire) and the importance of certain species that are more common in these younger ages explains the cause of the species’ habitat preference for sites with a mosaic of young and old (>25 years after fire) age classes. The relatively short availability of sufficient, high-quality, succulent plants in the seral succession of swamps occupied by quokkas is likely to drive a regular pattern of local extinction and recolonisation.

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Bunn, Stuart E. "Processing of leaf litter in a northern jarrah forest stream, Western Australia: I. Seasonal differences." Hydrobiologia 162, no. 3 (May 1988): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00016668.

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15

Spencer, Peter B. S., Karlene Bain, Matthew W. Hayward, Mia Hillyer, and J. A. Tony Friend. "Persistence of remnant patches and genetic loss at the distribution periphery in island and mainland populations of the quokka." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 1 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19055.

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Understanding the spatial structure of populations is important in developing effective management options for threatened species, and for managing habitat connectivity for metapopulation function, and for demographic and genetic heterogeneity. We used genetic information to investigate the structure of populations of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus, in south-west Western Australia. We hypothesised that movement between known populations would be relatively rare and result in significant genetic structuring. Genetic analyses from 412 adult individuals at 14 nuclear markers (microsatellite) from 33 sampling locations identified structure, diversity and spatial separation of quokkas across their mainland distribution and on two islands. We identified nine inferred (K = 9) populations of quokka that would be otherwise difficult to define with standard ecological techniques. The highest genetic diversity was evident in a large central population of quokka in the southern forest area and genetic diversity was lower at the peripheries of the distribution. The Rottnest Island population contained 70% of the genetic diversity of the mainland populations but the genetic diversity of animals on Bald Island was markedly lower. Populations of quokka in the northern jarrah forest were the only ones to show evidence of recent or long-term population bottlenecking. Of particular interest was the recently identified population at the Muddy Lakes area (the only remaining locality on the Swan Coastal Plain), which was identified as being genetically associated with the southern forest population. Overall, spatial and population cluster analysis showed small insular populations in the northern jarrah forest area, but in the southern forests there appears to be a large panmictic population.

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Wardell-Johnson, Grant W., Michael Calver, Neil Burrows, and Giovanni Di Virgilio. "Integrating rehabilitation, restoration and conservation for a sustainable jarrah forest future during climate disruption." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 3 (2015): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15026.

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The environment of the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest (NJF) of Mediterranean-climate, south-western Australia is characterised by deeply weathered soil profiles and low fertility, reflecting long geological stasis. This fire-prone environment is characterised by primary forests of low productivity but high biomass. Since European settlement (1829), the NJF has been structurally transformed by deforestation and resource extraction, including logging and mining (principally for bauxite). Rainfall has declined by 15–20% since 1970, with projections for further decline. A new hydrological regime foreshadows regolith drying, with a changed climate leading to more unplanned, intense fires. Declining productivity, coupled with rehabilitation more suited to a wetter climate, places stress on tree growth and compromises biodiversity. Thus, ecological disruption likely follows from interactions between climate change and historical exploitation. The complex challenges posed by these interactions require multifaceted and novel solutions. We argue that under drying conditions, maintenance of productivity while conserving biodiversity can best be achieved by changing the focus of rehabilitation to the understorey. This would coincide with protecting and restoring surrounding unmined forest with emphasis on the overstorey. Presently, state-of-the-science rehabilitation seeks to restore jarrah forest, following bauxite mining. This goal is unlikely to be achievable across extensive areas under climate change projections. Rather, a focus on restoring understorey following mining would provide a more positive water balance in the wider forest matrix. This approach recognises loss of forest values through mining, but anticipates conservation of biodiversity and important elements of forest structure by minimising ecologically unacceptable disturbance to surrounding forest.

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Anderson, Prue, Mark Brundrett, Pauline Grierson, and Richard Robinson. "Impact of severe forest dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi on macrofungal diversity in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 259, no. 5 (February 2010): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.015.

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18

Hayward, Matt W., Paul J. de Tores, and Peter B. Banks. "HABITAT USE OF THE QUOKKA, SETONIX BRACHYURUS (MACROPODIDAE: MARSUPIALIA), IN THE NORTHERN JARRAH FOREST OF AUSTRALIA." Journal of Mammalogy 86, no. 4 (August 2005): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086[0683:huotqs]2.0.co;2.

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19

Triantakonstantis, D. P., V. J. Kollias, and D. P. Kalivas. "Forest Re-growth Since 1945 in the Dadia Forest Nature Reserve in Northern Greece." New Forests 32, no. 1 (July 2006): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-3626-1.

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20

McDougall, K. L., G. E. St J. Hardy, and R. J. Hobbs. "Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia in relation to dieback age and topography." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 1 (2002): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01040.

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The spatial distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands at seven dieback sites in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest of Western Australia was determined by the following two baiting techniques: in situ baiting with live Banksia grandis Willd. seedlings and ex situ baiting of sampled soil and root material. Four areas within each site were sampled, reflecting dieback age and position in the landscape. Approximate dieback ages of 50, 20 and 5 years were determined by aerial photography. The 50-year-old age class was divided into wet valley floor and dry gravelly slope. Phytophthora cinnamomi was recovered most frequently from the 5-year-old (dieback fronts) and wet 50-year-old areas by both baiting techniques. It was recovered from more than twice as many areas and about five times as many samples when in situ B. grandis baits were used compared with ex situ soil and root baiting. Almost all recoveries from in situ baits were made between October and December. From both methods, it appears that P. cinnamomi has a patchy distribution within dieback sites in the northern jarrah forest. It is easily detected only on dieback fronts and wet valley floors. On dry gravelly sites affected 20 years or more ago, P. cinnamomi is rare and may even be absent at some sites. This makes confident detection of the pathogen difficult. In situ baiting at least allows a temporal component to the sampling and will be a useful method of detection in areas where P. cinnamomi is rare or transient.

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21

Ianni, Elena, Mauricio Mattenet, Davide Geneletti, and Lucio R. Malizia. "Community-based forest management in the Yungas biosphere reserve, Northern Argentina." Environment, Development and Sustainability 12, no. 5 (October 27, 2009): 631–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-009-9216-1.

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22

Schofield, NJ. "Predicting the effects of land disturbances on stream salinity in southwest Western Australia." Soil Research 26, no. 2 (1988): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880425.

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A model developed by A. J. Peck to predict the effects of land disturbances on stream salinity has been extended to take account of increased stream runoff, and applied to the jarrah forest region with improved parameter estimates. Validation on Wights experimental catchment suggests that the model is capable of reliable predictions in the case of agricultural clearing. However, the extended model did not provide discernibly better predictions than the original model. When applied to rainfall zones of the northern jarrah forest of W.A., the model predicted that agricultural clearing would result in average stream salinity increases of -70 mg 1 for the high rainfall zone (> 1100 mm yr-1), of -270 mg L-1 for the intermediate rainfall zone (900-1100 mm yr-1), and of ~3400 mg L-1 for the low rainfall zone (<900 mm yr-1). In the case of bauxite mining followed by reforestation, the model was limited to consideration of long-term effects, and neglected transient effects. Predicted stream salinity increases were considerably smaller than for agricultural clearing, primarily because mining involves clearing smaller areas, and these areas are reforested. The model is sensitive to variations in parameter values which implies that a wide range of stream salinity increases could occur within any one rainfall zone, due to the variation of local conditions.

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Hayward, Matt W., Paul J. de Tores, Michael L. Augee, and Peter B. Banks. "Mortality and survivorship of the quokka (Setonix brachyurus) (Macropodidae : Marsupialia) in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Wildlife Research 32, no. 8 (2005): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04111.

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The potential for the quokka (Setonix brachyurus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)), a threatened macropodid marsupial, to increase in abundance following the initiation of predator control was investigated by determining the cause of deaths of radio-collared individuals. Predation was identified as a major cause of death followed by road kills. The non-parametric Kaplan–Meier method modified for staggered entry of individuals was used to estimate survivorship. Although males and females were affected differently by each cause of mortality, their overall survivorship did not differ significantly. Individuals alive at the beginning of the 25-month study had a 61% chance of surviving to the end. This represented an 81% chance of surviving for 1 year. There was no significant difference in survivorship between adults and juveniles. Current rates of adult and juvenile survivorship should allow population recovery, although none has been evident. Pouch young mortality is hypothesised to have inhibited the anticipated quokka population increase since the initiation of predator control. The observed expulsion of pouch young by females when threatened may be a primary predator avoidance strategy.

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Wilson, Jane M., Paul D. Stewart, and Simon V. Fowler. "Ankarana—a rediscovered nature reserve in northern Madagascar." Oryx 22, no. 3 (July 1988): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027794.

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Over the centuries the Ankarana Massif has been home to at least 12 lemur species, reflecting the incredible ecological wealth and diversity of this small forest reserve. Yet almost no systematic biological work had been done there, until the Southampton University team (supported by the Oryx 100% Fund) visited Ankarana in 1981. Oryx published a report of this expedition in January 1987. A new team of nine British biologist–cavers, three doctors, two Malagasy palaeontologists, an entomologist and a botanist spent the end of the 1986 dry season (mid–August to mid–October) producing the first catalogue of the fauna and flora. The team rediscovered the rare white-breasted mesite, an endemic bird last seen at Ankarana in 1931 and known from only two other small areas in Madagascar; special efforts were also made to assess the conservation status of lemurs, bats and the Nile crocodiles, which have refuges there.

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SIRI, SUPALAK, YUWADEE PONPITUK, MONGKOL SAFOOWONG, DOKRAK MAROD, and PRATEEP DUENGKAE. "The natural forest gaps maintenance diversity of understory birds in Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve, northern Thailand." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200121.

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Siri S, Ponpituk Y, Safoowong M, Marod D, Duengkae P. 2019. The natural forest gaps maintenance diversity of understory birds in Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve, northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 181-189. We compared the species composition and feeding guilds between under closed canopies and forest gaps in the low-elevation montane evergreen forest in Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve. Monthly mist netting was used to capture birds from January 2015 to December 2017. In total, 958 individual birds belonging to 65 species were captured over 25,920 sampling hours. Of the total number of birds, 475 were from 51 species (Shannon-Wiener index: H' 2.974) under closed canopies and 483 were from 47 species (H' 2.985) in forest gaps. The number of bird species in gaps increased rapidly and constantly through 1 year following gap creation. Forest gap localities contained 48% of the understory birds in the area. Foliage–gleaning insectivores were the dominant bird feeding guild in both areas. Some species such as Erythrura prasina is a nomadic bird were found on first year of the forest gap only. Overall, we found that the forest gaps created by natural disturbances in the Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve had no negative impact on the diversity of understory bird communities. The natural forest gap are created by intermediate disturbance promotes a relatively high biodiversity of birds in the ecosystem.

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Hayward, Matt W., Paul J. de Tores, Michael J. Dillon, Barry J. Fox, and Peter B. Banks. "Using faecal pellet counts along transects to estimate quokka (Setonix brachyurus) population density." Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03046.

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A study was conducted to determine the validity of using transect counts of faecal pellet groups to estimate population densities of a threatened, macropodid marsupial – the quokka (Setonix brachyurus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)). Mark–recapture estimates of population density were regressed against counts of faecal pellet groups at six sites with and three sites without fox control within the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia. Significant linear relationships were found between population density and pellet counts for all sites (r2 = 0.56, P < 0.02) and when all unbaited sites were excluded (r2 = 0.98, P < 0.01). We suggest that this method could be used for broad-scale monitoring of this threatened species.

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BUNN, S. E., D. H. EDWARD, and N. R. LONERAGAN. "Spatial and temporal variation in the macroinvertebrate fauna of streams of the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia: community structure." Freshwater Biology 16, no. 1 (February 1986): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb00949.x.

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BUNN, STUART E. "Spatial and temporal variation in the macroinvertebrate fauna of streams of the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia: functional organization." Freshwater Biology 16, no. 5 (October 1986): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb01005.x.

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Wayne, A. F., C. G. Ward, J. F. Rooney, C. V. Vellios, and D. B. Lindenmayer. "The life history of Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus (Phalangeridae) in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 4 (2005): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05008.

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The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is noted for its morphological, biological and ecological variability across its range. Despite having suffered substantial population declines since European settlement, relatively little has been published on the south-western Australian subspecies, the koomal (T. v. hypoleucus). This study reports morphological, reproductive and general life-history data from an 18-month study of a population in the southern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest at Chariup (part of Perup), near Manjimup, in south-western Australia. As one of the smallest subspecies, adult males of T. v. hypoleucus averaged 1616 g and females averaged 1470 g. Sexual dimorphism also occurred with head length and pes length, but not tail length. A single autumn breeding season occurred in both 2002 and 2003, in which all adult females bred and produced a single young between February and May. The onset of autumn births was associated with the end of the summer drought. Unlike many other Trichosurus populations, no spring breeding pulse or ‘double-breeding’ events were observed. At least 83% of pouch young survived to pouch emergence. The growth rate of offspring was initially linear, but became curvilinear and approached an asymptote after ~5 months. Most females bred for the first time when they were 1 year old. On the basis of testis size, males also matured at 1 year old. The body condition of adult males, but not adult females, changed significantly over time and followed an apparently seasonal pattern in which their condition was poorest in winter and best in summer. While many of the life-history traits of the Chariup population were similar to those of other south-western Australian populations of T. v. hypoleucus, the most striking variations included age at maturity, extent of spring breeding pulse and female fecundity. Further comparisons with conspecifics elsewhere in Australia and New Zealand also highlight the variability exhibited by T. vulpecula across its range. Some aspects of the biology of T. v. hypoleucus were particularly similar to those observed for T. v. arnhemensis in northern Australia.

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García-Olaechea, Alvaro, and Cindy M. Hurtado. "Assessment of the current distribution and human perceptions of the Pampas cat Leopardus colocolo in northern Peru and southern Ecuador." Oryx 52, no. 3 (December 11, 2017): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531700151x.

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AbstractThe Pampas cat Leopardus colocolo occurs in a variety of habitats from northern Ecuador to southern Argentina, yet the species has been poorly studied. There is scant information about its northern distribution or about populations in desert and dry forest. We aimed to determine the presence of the Pampas cat in the Sechura Desert and seasonally dry forest of north-western Peru and south-western Ecuador, identify threats to the species, and describe people's perceptions of it. Using 32 camera traps and compiling confirmed and unpublished records, we mapped the species’ distribution and identified 12 new localities, three in the Sechura Desert and nine in the dry forest. The first records of the Pampas cat in the Ecuadorian dry forest are reported from La Ceiba Natural Reserve and Jorupe Reserve; the northernmost record in the dry forest is from Cerros de Amotape National Park, Peru. In 56 semi-structured interviews with local people we found that most of them (76.8%) did not know the species; 61.5% of those who knew the species had a neutral perception and did not think the cat affected their personal activities. Here we update the northern distribution of the Pampas cat, describe threats to the species in arid ecosystems, and highlight the need for further studies to identify other possible threats and mitigation methods.

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Rachkovskaya, E. I., and N. V. Nelina. "The vegetation of the Nature Reserve «Altyn-Dala»." Geobotanical mapping, no. 2018 (2018): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/2018.91.

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The generalized large-scale maps as well as characteristic of the vegetation of three cluster sites of the new nature reserve “Altyn-Dala” (Kazakhstan) were compiled. The studied territory is located in two natural zones – steppe (sub-zone of desert steppes on light chestnut soils) and desert (subzone of northern deserts on brown soils). 7 types of vegetation – steppe, desert, forest, shrub, meadow, paludal and aquatic (aquatic macrophytes) occur on the territory of the nature reserve. Interesting and rare plant communities were recorded.

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Marquardt, Tomasz, and Sławomir Kaczmarek. "New and rare species of the Gamasida (Acari) in the Polish fauna, recorded in ‘Bagno Stawek’ Reserve (Tuchola Forest, northern Poland)." Biological Letters 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10120-009-0012-2.

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New and rare species of the Gamasida (Acari) in the Polish fauna, recorded in ‘Bagno Stawek’ Reserve (Tuchola Forest, northern Poland)As a result of 3-year studies of gamasid mites (Acari) from ‘Bagno Stawek’ Reserve (in the Zaborski Landscape Park), 4 rare species were identified:Platyseius subglaber(Oudemans, 1903),Stylochirus giganteus(Willmann, 1938),Uroobovella minima(Koch, 1841), andVeigaia transisalae(Oudemans, 1902). Among them,S. giganteusis new to the fauna of Poland.

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MAHONY, STEPHEN, SAIBAL SENGUPTA, RACHUNLIU G. KAMEI, and S. D. BIJU. "A new low altitude species of Megophrys Kuhl and van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from Assam, Northeast India." Zootaxa 3059, no. 1 (October 14, 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3059.1.2.

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Northeast Indian amphibian systematics and taxonomy is receiving increasing interest from herpetologists in recent years as remote, previously unexplored areas become more accessible for surveying. Even locations nearby cosmopolitan cities have the potential to produce taxonomic novelties. Herein we describe a new species of Megophrys from the foot-hills of the East Khasi Hills, northern Meghalaya, and adjacent forest in Garbhanga Reserve Forest, and Mayeng Hill Reserve Forest nearby the city of Guwahati, southern Assam. Megophrys megacephala sp. nov. is here compared with all Asian mainland congeners. This species altitudinal distribution is the lowest of all known Megophrys described from India and surrounding countries. A brief discussion is provided regarding some of the current difficulties faced by taxonomists working on the genus and several major problems in recent descriptions of congeners from Northeast India.

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Ruthrof, Katinka X., Joseph B. Fontaine, George Matusick, David D. Breshears, Darin J. Law, Sarah Powell, and Giles Hardy. "How drought-induced forest die-off alters microclimate and increases fuel loadings and fire potentials." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 8 (2016): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf15028.

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Forest die-offs associated with drought and heat have recently occurred across the globe, raising concern that associated changes in fuels and microclimate could link initial die-off disturbance to subsequent fire disturbance. Despite widespread concern, little empirical data exist. Following forest die-off in the Northern Jarrah Forest, south-western Australia, we quantified fuel dynamics and associated microclimate for die-off and control plots. Sixteen months post die-off, die-off plots had significantly increased 1-h fuels (11.8 vs 9.8 tonnes ha–1) but not larger fuel classes (10-h and 100-h fuels). Owing to stem mortality, die-off plots had significantly greater standing dead wood mass (100 vs 10 tonnes ha–1), visible sky (hemispherical images analysis: 31 vs 23%) and potential near-ground solar radiation input (measured as Direct Site Factor: 0.52 vs 0.34). Supplemental mid-summer microclimate measurements (temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) were combined with long-term climatic data and fuel load estimates to parameterise fire behaviour models. Fire spread rates were predicted to be 30% greater in die-off plots with relatively equal contributions from fuels and microclimate, highlighting need for operational consideration by fire managers. Our results underscore potential for drought-induced tree die-off to interact with subsequent fire under climate change.

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., Akash, Navneet ., and B. S. Bhandari. "Tree diversity, stand structure and community composition in tropical forest of Rajaji tiger reserve, Northern India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1791.

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In present study, we present data on tree diversity, stand structures and community composition in six sites of tropical forest in Rajaji tiger reserve, Northern India. The enumeration of 72 plots results a total of 19,050 individuals, 47 species, 42 genera, 25 families in which Holoptelia integrifolea, Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta, Cassia fistula and Trewia nudiflora were the species which showed higher importance value index (IVI) in the study area. The stand density of the six sites ranges from 149.99 - 397.91 hac-1 where as the total basal area of trees ranges from 3.612 - 46.813 m2/hac-1. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 1.35 to 2.51, Simpson index ranged from 0.097 - 0.446, Margalef index ranged 2.584 - 4.9, The Evenness index ranged from 0.551 - 0.852 in the study area. Further the studied area has showed ample evidences from indices in supporting the higher floristic diversity and stand structure after providing the present area as a status of tiger reserve.

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Triska, Maggie D., Michael D. Craig, Vicki L. Stokes, Roger P. Pech, and Richard J. Hobbs. "Conserving reptiles within a multiple-use landscape: determining habitat affiliations of reptile communities in the northern jarrah forest of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 1 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16074.

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Disturbed landscapes can provide habitat for a variety of species; however, for fauna, a strong understanding of their habitat affiliations is critical both to detect species and to develop management prescriptions to maintain their populations. We assessed habitat affiliations of common, uncommon and rare reptile species in a multiple-use landscape, the northern jarrah forest of south-western Australia. To identify predictors of reptile occurrence, we related reptile presence/absence, or relative abundance, to habitat, climatic and seasonal variables. Because the reptiles studied have cryptic behaviours and low numbers of detections, we used a combination of analyses including non-metric multi-dimensional scaling, occupancy and regression models. We identified specific habitat affiliations for the most common species and potential linkages with vegetation structure for most uncommon species. There were insufficient detections to determine habitat affiliations accurately for most rare species. Often species were detected too infrequently to determine specific habitat variables that influence occupancy and detection, and altering survey time and scale may increase detections so that habitat affiliations can be determined. However, in highly speciose landscapes, like our study area, we may not be able to wait until we have enough detections to define the habitat affiliations of all reptiles before we make management decisions. Therefore management activities that maintain habitat heterogeneity and complexity is likely to be the best strategy to conserve the most reptile species.

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Fowler, S. V., P. Chapman, D. Checkley, S. Hurd, M. McHale, G. S. Ramangason, J.-E. Randriamasy, P. Stewart, R. Walters, and J. M. Wilson. "Survey and management proposals for a tropical deciduous forest reserve at Ankarana in Northern Madagascar." Biological Conservation 47, no. 4 (1989): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(89)90072-4.

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John, Bosco Lamoris Okullo, Afai Sylvano, Nangendo Grace, and Kalema James. "Tree species composition and diversity in Agoro-Agu Central Forest Reserve, Lamwo District, Northern Uganda." International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 13, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2021.1487.

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Muhati, Godwin Leslie, Daniel Olago, and Lydia Olaka. "Quantification of carbon stocks in Mount Marsabit Forest Reserve, a sub-humid montane forest in northern Kenya under anthropogenic disturbance." Global Ecology and Conservation 14 (April 2018): e00383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00383.

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Payra, Arajush, Suraj Kumar Dash, Udit Pratap Das, Himanshu Shekhar Palei, and Arun Kumar Mishra. "On the record of Calomera funerea funerea (MacLeay, 1825) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from Odisha, Eastern India." REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA 47, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.47.1.21.01.

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Calomera funerea funerea is reported for the first time from Odisha, Eastern India, represents southernmost locality of the subspecies. Among the two Indian subspecies of Calomera funerea, Calomera f. funerea was previously known from Northern and North-eastern India. On 1.ix.2015, more than 100 individuals of Calomera f. funerea were observed along with a Calomera angulata, in a communal roosting, at Balikiari Reserve Forest of Athgarh Forest Division, Odihsa, India.

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NGUYEN, TRUONG QUANG, MINH DUC LE, ANH VAN PHAM, HAI NGOC NGO, CHUNG VAN HOANG, and THOMAS ZIEGLER. "Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the karst forest of Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam." Zootaxa 3985, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.3.

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We describe two new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus on the basis of a new reptile collection from the limestone karst forest of Hoa Binh Province, northwestern Vietnam. Cyrtodactylus otai sp. nov. from Hang Kia—Pa Co Nature Reserve and Cyrtodactylus bobrovi sp. nov. from Ngoc Son—Ngo Luong Nature Reserve can be distinguished from each other and from their congeners by their genetic distinction and morphological differences in number of precloacal pores, femoral scales, ventral scales, lamellae, subcaudals and dorsal tubercle arrangement, as well as in size and color pattern. In phylogenetic analyses, both new species are nested in a clade containing taxa from northwestern and northcentral Vietnam and northern Laos, i.e., C. bichnganae and C. cf. martini from northwestern Vietnam, C. puhuensis from northcentral Vietnam, and C. spelaeus, C. vilaphongi, and C. wayakonei from northern Laos.

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Giday, Kidane, Bekele Humnessa, Bart Muys, Fatemeh Taheri, and Hossein Azadi. "Effects of livestock grazing on key vegetation attributes of a remnant forest reserve: The case of Desa'a Forest in northern Ethiopia." Global Ecology and Conservation 14 (April 2018): e00395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00395.

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Witness, Mojeremane, Makgobota Kamogelo, Teketay Demel, Rampart Melusi, Mmolotsi Ronnie, Kopong Ismael, Monekwe David, et al. "Germination studies on seeds of Burkea africana and Erythrophleum africanum from Kazuma Forest Reserve, Northern Botswana." African Journal of Biotechnology 19, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2020.17213.

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Remsen, J. V., and T. A. Parker. "Bolivia has the opportunity to create the planet's richest park for terrestrial biota." Bird Conservation International 5, no. 2-3 (September 1995): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001003.

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SummaryEstablishing a reserve of approximately 10,000 km at a strategic location in depto. La Paz, northern Bolivia, would create the planet's richest park for birds and presumably all other forest-dwelling biota that reach peak diversity at tropical latitudes. By connecting puna and montane forest habitats of the Andes with lowland tropical forest and savannas of the Amazon basin, we predict that the proposed reserve would contain at least 1,088 bird species, or roughly 11% of all bird species on the planet. Among these are many threatened species and species with relatively small geographical ranges. The proposed reserve would also include threatened habitats, such as lower montane forest, dry forest, and grassland.El establecimiento de una reserva de aproximadamente 10.000 km en un lugar estratégico en el departamento de La Paz, Bolivia, crearía el parque de major riqueza de aves en el planeta. Así es de suponer que la flora y fauna que habitan en la área, llegan a su grado máximo de diversidad en las latitudes tropicales. Conectando puna, los hábitats de bosque tropical (áreas bajas) y sabanas de la cuenca del Amazonas, predecimos que la reserva que se propone tendría a lo menos 1.088 especies de aves, o aproximadamente 11% de todas las especies de aves del planeta. Dentro de estas hay muchas especies amenazadas y especies con áreas de rango geográfico muy restringido. Además la reserva que se propone también incluiría hábitats amenazados, como bosque montano, bosque seco y pajonales tropicales.

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Virgens, Thieres Marassati das, Claudiney Biral dos Santos, Israel de Souza Pinto, Kleber Silveira da Silva, Fernanda Cristina Leal, and Aloísio Falqueto. "Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis transmission area in northern Espírito Santo State, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, no. 12 (December 2008): 2969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008001200029.

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American tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic to the Espírito Santo State, Brazil, where it is widely distributed. The composition of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis focus was determined by monthly sampling, using Shannon light traps in an Atlantic Forest reserve and adjacent habitat that had been modified by human activity. Seasonal fluctuations in numbers of the most abundant species were also monitored from June 2004 to May 2006. Of the 6,176 specimens collected, 47.4% were captured in the forest and 52.6% in the disturbed habitat. Although Lutzomyia davisi (60.8%) predominated in specimens from the forest, those captured near human dwellings consisted almost entirely of Lu. choti (72%) and Lu. intermedia (24.3%). All three species occurred throughout the year. Based on our findings, Lu. intermedia probably acts as the principal domestic Leishmania vector in the study area.

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Allan, James, Falk Grossmann, Rob Craig, Alastair Nelson, Joseph Maina, Kathleen Flower, James Bampton, et al. ""PATTERNS OF FOREST LOSS IN ONE OF AFRICA’S LAST REMAINING WILDERNESS AREAS: NIASSA NATIONAL RESERVE (NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE) "." Parks 23, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.ch.2017.parks-23-2jra.en.

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OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO, ANDRÉS A., FERMÍN M. ALFARO, and JAIME PIZARRO-ARAYA. "Two new scorpion species from protected areas in Antofagasta Region, Chile (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae, Brachistosternus)." Zootaxa 5040, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5040.1.6.

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We describe two new scorpion species of genus Brachistosternus from protected areas of Antofagasta Region in northern Chile. Brachistosternus chimba n. sp. has only been collected in La Chimba National Reserve, in the Chilean Coast Range. Brachistosternus llullaillaco n. sp. is a high altitude Andean species of the Lullaillaco National Park. Both species were collected as part of the first survey of the terrestrial arthropods of the protected areas of Antofagasta Region, in the frame of the First National Biodiversity Inventory of Chile of the Integrated System for Monitoring and Evaluation of Native Forest Ecosystems (SIMEF) and Project FIC-R Recovery Plan for La Chimba National Reserve.

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Oliveira, R., C. E. Pinto, and C. Schlindwein. "Two common species dominate the species-rich Euglossine bee fauna of an Atlantic Rainforest remnant in Pernambuco, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 4 suppl 1 (November 24, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.18513.

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Abstract Nowadays, the northern part of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil is largely destroyed and forest remnants rarely exceed 100 ha. In a 118 ha forest fragment within a state nature reserve of Pernambuco (Reserva Ecológica Gurjaú), we surveyed the orchid bee fauna (Apidae, Euglossini) using eight different scent baits to attract males. Once a month during one year, the bees were actively collected with entomological nets, from November 2002 to October 2003 by two collectors. We collected 2,908 orchid bee males belonging to 23 species, one of the highest richness values of the Northern Atlantic Rainforest. Bees of only two species, Euglossa carolina (50%) and Eulaema nigrita (25%), which occurred throughout the year, accounted for three quarter of the collected individuals. Both species are typical for open or disturbed areas. Rainforest remnants like those of Gurjaú within the predominant sugar cane monocultures in the coastal plains of the northern Atlantic Rainforest play an important role in orchid bee conservation and maintenance of biodiversity.

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D. Amankwaa, A. Asare, R. Obour,. "Illegal rattan extraction trends in the Ankasa Conservation Area in Ghana." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 2, no. 3 (February 21, 2018): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v2i3.49.

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Protected Areas (PAs) are created for the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, but many of Ghana’s PAs are subjectto severe pressures and threats, the main pressures being the illegal extraction of natural resources. Rattans are indisputablyone of the most important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Ghana’s Protected Areas that is without doubt one of thereasons for which it has drawn the attention of researchers. In this study the illegal rattan extraction patterns in the AnkasaConservation Area (ACA) in Ghana was inspected. Simple random sampling and Snowball sampling techniques were used. Datacollection employed the use of semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and field enumeration of rattans as well as an analysisof Effective Patrol Man-days (EPMDS) from 2004 to 2012. The results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.05, r2 = 0.557) between patrol effort and rattan extraction encounters. In addition, there was a general reduction in illegalrattan extraction encounters from 2004 to 2012 at a rate of 4.3 per year. The highest illegal rattan extraction incidences wererecorded in 2006 (76 encounters), 2005 (35 encounters), 2008 (22 encounters), 2004 (18 encounters) and the least incidencewere recorded in both 2010 (3 encounters) and 2011 (3 encounters).The research also revealed that Eremospatha macrocarpawas the most extracted rattan species followed by Laccosperma secundiflorum. The major rattan extraction and trade routesoriginate in the northern parts and in the area east of the reserve and also south of Draw River Forest Reserve. Generally, rattanpoaching in Ankasa Conservation Area has declined, but there are still human incursions in the northern part of the reserve. Thestudy recommended an intensification of patrols in the north of the reserve. Also, enrichment planting and Agroforestry practicesof inter-cropping rattans with seasonal crops should be pursued vigorously for the local communities.

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KUMAR, RAMAN, and GHAZALA SHAHABUDDIN. "Effects of biomass extraction on vegetation structure, diversity and composition of forests in Sariska Tiger Reserve, India." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 3 (September 2005): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002316.

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Despite the fact that tropical dry forests are being exploited on a large scale for various forest products, there has been limited evaluation of the accompanying ecological impacts. In particular, there is no information on the effects of widespread biomass extraction such as grazing and firewood collection. A study was carried out in Sariska Tiger Reserve in northern India, to investigate the effects of biomass extraction on forest vegetation composition, diversity and structure. Biomass extraction caused significant changes in forest vegetation structure and species composition in the tree layer but the extent of these changes varied across the three major vegetation types found in the Reserve. Anogeissus-dominated slope forest showed significantly lower mean canopy cover, tree density, tree basal area and height of trees in disturbed sites in comparison to undisturbed sites. Riparian forest showed lower mean canopy cover, tree basal areas and number of recorded tree species in disturbed sites. Scrub forest had lower mean canopy cover, tree basal area and tree height. There were fewer tall trees but greater number of short trees in disturbed sites of all three vegetation types. Girths of trees similarly shifted towards lower values in riparian and scrub forest. In Anogeissus-dominated forest, disturbed and undisturbed sites did not differ in proportions of trees in various girth-classes. Tree species richness was substantially lower in disturbed sites of Anogeissus-dominated and riparian forest in comparison to undisturbed sites, but was not affected by disturbance in scrub forest. Understorey species richness was higher in disturbed sites of all three vegetation types but understorey changed structurally only in Anogeissus-dominated forest. Overall tree and understorey species composition was significantly different between disturbed and undisturbed sites of Anogeissus-dominated forest, but was unchanged in scrub and riparian forest. Observed changes in vegetation structure, diversity and composition of the different vegetation types due to biomass extraction have implications for biodiversity conservation in tropical dry forest ecosystems, and need to be addressed in future forest management planning.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Northern Jarrah Forest Reserve'

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