Relevant bibliographies by topics / Northern Indian Ocean

Academic literature on the topic 'Northern Indian Ocean'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Northern Indian Ocean"

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Carpenter, Siri. "Polluted Air Chokes Northern Indian Ocean." Science News 155, no. 25 (June 19, 1999): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4011545.

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Chen, Jiepeng, Jin-Yi Yu, Xin Wang, and Tao Lian. "Different Influences of Southeastern Indian Ocean and Western Indian Ocean SST Anomalies on Eastern China Rainfall during the Decaying Summer of the 2015/16 Extreme El Niño." Journal of Climate 33, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 5427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0777.1.

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ABSTRACTPrevious studies linked the increase of the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) rainfall to tropical Indian Ocean warming during extreme El Niños’ (e.g., 1982/83 and 1997/98 extreme El Niños) decaying summer. This study finds the linkage to be different for the recent 2015/16 extreme El Niño’s decaying summer, during which the above-normal rainfalls over MLRYR and northern China are respectively linked to southeastern Indian Ocean warming and western tropical Indian Ocean cooling in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The southeastern Indian Ocean warming helps to maintain the El Niño–induced anomalous lower-level anticyclone over the western North Pacific Ocean and southern China, which enhances moisture transport to increase rainfall over MLRYR. The western tropical Indian Ocean cooling first enhances the rainfall over central-northern India through a regional atmospheric circulation, the latent heating of which further excites a midlatitude Asian teleconnection pattern (part of circumglobal teleconnection) that results in an above-normal rainfall over northern China. The western tropical Indian Ocean cooling during the 2015/16 extreme El Niño is contributed by the increased upward latent heat flux anomalies associated with enhanced surface wind speeds, opposite to the earlier two extreme El Niños.
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Banerji, Upasana S., P. Arulbalaji, and D. Padmalal. "Holocene climate variability and Indian Summer Monsoon: An overview." Holocene 30, no. 5 (January 8, 2020): 744–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619895577.

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The response of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) to forcing factors and climate variables has not yet fully explored, even though the ISM plays a pivotal role in the socio-economics of the Indian subcontinent and nearby areas. The ISM progression over Indian landmass is a manifestation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migration over the northern Indian Ocean and the Indian subcontinent. The recent anomalous behaviour of ISM raises the need for a better understanding of its spatio-temporal changes during the ongoing interglacial period termed as the Holocene period. The Holocene period has been classified further based on the globally observed abrupt climatic events at 8.2 and 4.2 ka. The 8.2 ka global cooling events have been recorded from northern Indian Ocean marine archives but limited records from the continental archives of the Indian landmass has demonstrated the 8.2 ka event. At the same time, the 4.2 ka dry climate has been endorsed by both marine as well as continental records and agrees with the global studies. During the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA), in the India subcontinent, wet conditions prevailed in the northern, central and western regions while a dry climate existed over the greater part of peninsular India. The present review offers an account of ISM signatures and possible mechanisms associated with the monsoon variability in the Indian subcontinent and the northern Indian Ocean during the Holocene period.
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Panchang, Rajani, and Mugdha Ambokar. "Ocean acidification in the Northern Indian ocean : A review." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 219 (October 2021): 104904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104904.

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Lee Drbohlav, Hae-Kyung, and V. Krishnamurthy. "Spatial Structure, Forecast Errors, and Predictability of the South Asian Monsoon in CFS Monthly Retrospective Forecasts." Journal of Climate 23, no. 18 (September 15, 2010): 4750–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli2356.1.

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Abstract The spatial structure of the boreal summer South Asian monsoon in the ensemble mean of monthly retrospective forecasts by the Climate Forecast System of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is examined. The forecast errors and predictability of the model are assessed. Systematic errors in the forecasts consist of deficient rainfall over India, excess rainfall over the Arabian Sea, and a dipole structure over the equatorial Indian Ocean. On interannual time scale during 1981–2003, two different characteristics of the monsoon are recognized—both in observation and forecasts. One feature seems to indicate that the monsoon is regionally controlled, while the other shows a strong relation with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The spatial structure of the regional monsoon can be characterized by the dominant rainfall between the latitudes of 15°N and 5°S in the western Indian Ocean. The maximum precipitation anomalies in the northern Arabian Sea are associated with the cyclonic circulation, while the precipitation anomalies in the equatorial western Indian Ocean accompany the easterlies over the equatorial Indian Ocean. In the ENSO-related monsoon, strong positive precipitation anomalies prevail from the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, inducing westerlies over the equatorial Indian Ocean. The spatial structure of the forecast error shows that the model is inclined to predict the ENSO-related feature more accurately than the regional feature. The predictability is found to be lower over certain areas in the northern and equatorial eastern Indian Ocean. The predictability errors in the northern Indian Ocean diminish for longer forecast leads, presumably because the impact of different initial conditions dissipates with time. On the other hand, predictability errors over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean grow as the forecast lead increases.
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Gaye-Haake, B., M. V. S. Guptha, V. S. N. Murty, and V. Ittekkot. "Biogeochemical Processes in the Northern Indian Ocean." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 52, no. 14-15 (July 2005): 1845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.06.001.

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Singh, D. D. "Strain deformation in the northern Indian Ocean." Marine Geology 79, no. 1-2 (February 1988): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90159-4.

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Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu. "The Implementation of India’s Maritime Doctrine to Respond China Naval Presence in Indian Ocean Region." Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS) 2, no. 1 (July 26, 2020): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v2i1.38.

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Indian Ocean is a strategic and crucial location of the region and became the centre of global politics. Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has several important gulfs, straits, bays and seas within which most of it located in the northern part of the ocean. Major shipment routes intersect its enormous area, with crucial choke points and water courses connecting Indian Ocean to other main ocean parts on the earth. Indian Ocean region is part of China’s significant security interests, where China is currently leading to an ever advanced military existence within the area. China’s overpowering strategic focus in the Indian Ocean is the preservation of their maritime trading routes, particularly those transporting oil and gas that the Chinese economy relies upon. Indian Ocean Region is at the top of Indian policy priorities. India’s vision for Indian Ocean Region is deep-rooted in preceding cooperation in the region and to use their capabilities for the benefit of all in their common maritime home. The Indian Ocean holds particular importance for India. India is definitely trying to maintain their national security interests in Indian Ocean. In response to the condition in the Indian Ocean, India implemented its Indian Maritime Doctrine which is applied through Indian Navy as the way to respond China’s naval existence in IOR since 2008. This implementation brings the sources of its naval application as an effort to balance China’s naval presence in IOR through its doctrine. The unilateral naval effort is held to respond China in IOR. Moreover, a further effort of Indian navy is needed through bilateral cooporation that will further support its unilateral effort in balancing China’s active presence in the region.
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Schott, Friedrich A. "Shallow overturning circulation of the Western Indian Ocean." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1826 (January 15, 2005): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1483.

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The Indian Ocean differs from the other two oceans in not possessing an eastern equatorial upwelling regime. Instead, the upwelling occurs dominantly in the northwestern Arabian Sea and, to a lesser degree, around the Indian subcontinent. Subduction, on the other hand, occurs dominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. The result is a shallow Cross–Equatorial Cell connecting both regimes. The northward flow at thermocline levels occurs as part of the Somali Current and the southward upper–layer return flow is carried by the Ekman transports that are directed southward in both hemispheres. The main forcing is by the Southwest Monsoon that overwhelms the effects of the Northeast Monsoon and is the cause for the annual mean Northern Hemisphere upwelling and southward Ekman transports. In the Southern Hemisphere, the annual mean upwelling at the northern rim of the Southeast Trades causes a zonally extended open–ocean upwelling regime that is apparent in isopycnal doming in the 3–12○ S band; it drives a shallow Subtropical Cell.
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Meehl, Gerald A., Julie M. Arblaster, and Johannes Loschnigg. "Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamical Processes in the Tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans and the TBO." Journal of Climate 16, no. 13 (July 1, 2003): 2138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2767.1.

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Abstract The transitions (from relatively strong to relatively weak monsoon) in the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) occur in northern spring for the south Asian or Indian monsoon and northern fall for the Australian monsoon involving coupled land–atmosphere–ocean processes over a large area of the Indo-Pacific region. Transitions from March–May (MAM) to June–September (JJAS) tend to set the system for the next year, with a transition to the opposite sign the following year. Previous analyses of observed data and GCM sensitivity experiments have demonstrated that the TBO (with roughly a 2–3-yr period) encompasses most ENSO years (with their well-known biennial tendency). In addition, there are other years, including many Indian Ocean dipole (or zonal mode) events, that contribute to biennial transitions. Results presented here from observations for composites of TBO evolution confirm earlier results that the Indian and Pacific SST forcings are more dominant in the TBO than circulation and meridional temperature gradient anomalies over Asia. A fundamental element of the TBO is the large-scale east–west atmospheric circulation (the Walker circulation) that links anomalous convection and precipitation, winds, and ocean dynamics across the Indian and Pacific sectors. This circulation connects convection over the Asian–Australian monsoon regions both to the central and eastern Pacific (the eastern Walker cell), and to the central and western Indian Ocean (the western Walker cell). Analyses of upper-ocean data confirm previous results and show that ENSO El Niño and La Niña events as well as Indian Ocean SST dipole (or zonal mode) events are often large-amplitude excursions of the TBO in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, respectively, associated with anomalous eastern and western Walker cell circulations, coupled ocean dynamics, and upper-ocean temperature and heat content anomalies. Other years with similar but lower-amplitude signals in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans also contribute to the TBO. Observed upper-ocean data for the Indian Ocean show that slowly eastward-propagating equatorial ocean heat content anomalies, westward-propagating ocean Rossby waves south of the equator, and anomalous cross-equatorial ocean heat transports contribute to the heat content anomalies in the Indian Ocean and thus to the ocean memory and consequent SST anomalies, which are an essential part of the TBO.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Northern Indian Ocean"

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Papaefthimiou, Dimitra. "Diversity of Rubisco large subunit genes in natural microbial communities from the northern Indian ocean." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403332.

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Cardenas, Amores Jorge A. "Intraseasonal oscillations over the tropical western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean for the northern summers of 1989-1991." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA284527.

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Whiteley, N. J. P. "Investigating of palaeo-circulation in the Southern Atlantic, Southern and Northern Indian Oceans over the last 14Ma using hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365325.

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Emerick, Christina M. "Age progressive volcanism in the Comores Archipelago and northern Madagascar." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28184.

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Bharathraj, G. N. "Bay of Bengal Freshwater in the tropical Indian Ocean." Thesis, 2006. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4977.

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The annual total continental runoff into the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is more than half the runoff into the entire tropical Indian Ocean. The net freshwater (FW) content in the Bay of Bengal mixed layer increases from a minimum of 6200 km3 in May to a maximum of 8700 km3 in November. For steady state freshwater balance, there has to be a net transport of around 0.11 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3s−1) out of the Bay. This large transport of freshwater has a significant influence on regional hydrological balance. In this thesis, we investigate the seasonal pathways of BoB freshwater based on climatological observations. In order to trace the movement of BoB freshwater in the tropical Indian Ocean, we remove the influence of local precipitation minus evaporation by subtracting seasonal P-E from FW at each point. Although this recipe does not remove advected rainwater for simplicity we call the difference “runoff water” (RW), as the major source of this water is continental runoff as well as freshwater from the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). The datasets used in this work are (1) World Ocean Atlas 2001 Salinity and Temperature (2) Satellite-gauge merged precipitation from GPCP and CMAP (3) SOC and COADS evaporation (4) Surface currents from WOCE drifters (5) Dai and Trenberth River Runoff Data (6)SK197 Cruise data from north Bay in October 2003 (7) NIOT Buoy observations, including DS1 thermistor chain data and (8) Sea Surface Temperature from TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). Estimates suggest that the net annual input of freshwater into the Bay (from runoff plus rain minus evaporation) is more than 4000 km3. The upper ocean freshwater content is highest in the north Bay in the post monsoon season. We also study the effect of the upper ocean freshwater pool on ocean cooling due to cyclones in the north Bay. We find two principal pathways for the export of freshwater out of the northern Bay of Bengal. These pathways had been identified in previous model studies. However, most models underestimate the true reach of Bay of Bengal freshwater because model mixing is unrealistically large. The two pathways are as follows: (1) The western pathway, during November-May. Observations, and a few model studies using passive tracers and drifters, suggest that runoff water from the north Bay flows down the east coast of India in the East India Coastal Current (EICC) and into the eastern Arabian Sea around Sri Lanka during November-December. Later in winter, water from south Bay flows past Sri Lanka in the Northeast Monsoon Current (NMC) (January-February). We see BoB freshwater in the Arabian Sea up to 15 0N along the west coast of India in February, with RW decreasing gradually to the north. Bay runoff spreads in the southern Arabian Sea up to the coast of Africa by May. Upper ocean currents around the Lakshadweep high and smaller vortices (January-April) might then carry the BoB water west. (2) The eastern pathway, during the second half of the year, carries BoB freshwater south. The surface water flows along the Indonesian coast, joins the Indonesian Throughflow and flows west in the surface south equatorial current (SEC), in agreement with some model results. High space and time resolution sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite shows that premonsoon cyclones cool SST in the Arabian Sea(AS) and the southern Bay of Bengal by up to 50C, but post monsoon cyclones do not cool the north Bay by more than 10C. In situ data is used to examine the possible reasons for the small SST cooling in the north Bay, even under strong post-monsoon cyclones. The cyclone of June 1998 in the eastern AS passed within 200 km of the NIOT mooring DS1. The thermistor chain on DS1 showed strong thermal stratification in the upper ocean before the storm developed. The cyclone deepened the mixed layer from about 10 m or less to about 70 m. The potential energy input to the upper ocean is about 11,000 Jm−2. We do not have similar subsurface temperature profiles, recording the influence of a cyclone in the north Bay. We use CTD data from Sagar Kanya cruise SK197 in October 2003 and ask the question: What would happen to north Bay SST if 11,000 Jm−2 of potential energy were supplied by a cyclone to mix the upper ocean? We find that the mixed layer would deepen from about 10 m to 40 m, but this would not lead to significant SST cooling because the isothermal layer is around 40 m deep. This suggests that vertical mixing due to post monsoon cyclones does not lead to SST cooling of the north Bay because (a) salinity stratification resists deep vertical mixing, and (b) the sub mixed layer water is warm. Therefore, the observed cooling of under 10C must be mainly due to evaporation.
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Shiau, Yi-Jang, and 蕭義璋. "Shipping Routes in the Northern Indian Ocean – South China Sea Regions and Associated Impacts from Monsoon." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90281613381217649508.

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碩士
國立高雄海洋科技大學
海事資訊科技研究所
99
Abstract Navigational safety and efficiency are the main objectives of navigation. Among numerous factors, the meteorological factors and marine weather are the most prominent and direct indicators, and are used to adjust shipping routes. This research focuses on the impacts and effects that the seasonal changes have on the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea seaways based on meteorological phenomena such as winds, waves and ocean currents. International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data (ICOADS), International marine Meteorological Archives (IMMA), and the ocean current data acquired from OSCAR (Ocean Surface Current Analyses – Real time) website are cited for this research. Meteorological Environment Data from National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) are used to analyze on overall marine climate and environment affecting shipping routes. The following are the results from this research: (1) In the Northern Indian Ocean, the major routes connecting between Asia, Europe and Middle East formed a triangle shipping routes. During the summer monsoon season, strong waves in the Gulf of Aden area forces ships to change its course to other alternative routes. Due to this strong wind, ships elect to sail along north of Socotra Island to prevent potential navigational hazards caused by the high waves from the southern sea area. (2) In the South China Sea, the leading ship routes travel between the Southeast Asia and the Northeast Asia. In winter period, ship navigation are affected by strong monsoon, therefore, navigate along the adjacent coastal area to avoid strong winds and waves. (3) In the Southern Asia Sea area, the key shipping routes travel across the Bay of Bengal. In summer, due to the strong southwest monsoon, the ships travel from east to west should choose the northern sea area or navigate along the coastal line to minimize the impacts on navigation efficiency. (4) Based on the comprehensive meteorological data analysis collected from navigational observation, various data and navigation records are integrated to analyze the changes of ship routes and modify ship routes according to the seasonal changes associating with winds, waves and ocean currents. Keywords: Northern Indian Ocean, South China Sea, Monsoon, Shipping routes.
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Sours-Page, Rachel E. "Magmatic processes at mid-ocean ridges evidence from lavas and melt inclusions from the southeast Indian ridge, the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and the Northern East Pacific Rise /." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50234287.html.

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Books on the topic "Northern Indian Ocean"

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Okoola, Raphael E. A. Some features of the monsoon system over the southwest Indian Ocean during the northern summer of 1979. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Meteorological Training and Research, Kenya Meteorological Dept., 1986.

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Kenkyūka, Nagoya Daigaku Kankyōgaku. Nagoya Daigaku Kankyōgaku Kenkyūka 2004-nen Hokubu Sumatora jishin chōsa hōkoku =: The investigation report of 2004 Northern Sumatra earthquake. Nagoya-shi: Nagoya Daigaku Kankyōgaku Kenkyūka, 2005.

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Elleman, Bruce A. Waves of hope: The U.S. Navy's response to the tsunami in Northern Indonesia. Newport, R.I: Naval War College Press, 2007.

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Jennings, G. H. The fishes of the Indian Ocean: The 1998 classified taxonomic checklist : a classified taxonomic checklist of over 1,850 species currently recorded on the Calypso icthyological database of marine & estuarine fish from the Northern, Central and Western Indian Ocean, excluding Australasia, Arabia and the Red Sea. London: Calypso, 1997.

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Western Australia. Water and Rivers Commission. The state of the northern rivers: A report designed to inform the community of the state of Western Australia's rivers in the Indian Ocean, Timor Sea and western plateau drainage divisions. East Perth, W.A: Water and Rivers Commission, 1997.

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Hearne, Samuel. A journey to the northern ocean: The adventures of Samuel Hearne. 2nd ed. Victoria: TouchWood Editions, 2007.

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Hearne, Samuel. A journey to the northern ocean: The adventures of Samuel Hearne. 2nd ed. Victoria: TouchWood Editions, 2007.

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1924-, Nielsen Erik, ed. Natural resources program: From crisis to opportunity : a study team report to the Task Force on Program Review. [Ottawa]: The Task Force, 1985.

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Canada. Task Force on Program Review. Natural Resources Program: From Crisis to Opportunity : A Study Team Report to the Task Force on Program Review. Nielsen Report. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Morris, James. Voyages Through the Northern Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Chinese Sea. HardPress, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Northern Indian Ocean"

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Brown, Barbara E. "Eastern Indian Ocean – Northern Sector." In Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs, 348–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_272.

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Sarma, V. V. S. S. "Net community production in the northern Indian Ocean." In Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability, 239–56. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gm000715.

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Prasanna Kumar, S., Jayu Narvekar, M. Nuncio, M. Gauns, and S. Sardesai. "What drives the biological productivity of the northern Indian Ocean?" In Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability, 33–56. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gm000757.

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Kumar, S. Prasanna, Y. K. Somayajulu, and T. V. Ramana Murty. "Acoustic propagational characteristics and tomography studies of the Northern Indian Ocean." In Acoustic Remote Sensing Applications, 551–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0009580.

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Max, Michael D. "Gas Hydrate Potential of the Indian Sector of the NE Arabian Sea and Northern Indian Ocean." In Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, 213–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4387-5_17.

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Ivanova, Elena V. "Paleoceanography of the Northern Indian Ocean: Linkages to Monsoon and Global Thermohaline Paleocirculation." In The Global Thermohaline Paleocirculation, 107–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2415-2_5.

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Rea, David K. "Delivery of Himalayan Sediment to the Northern Indian Ocean and Its Relation to Global Climate, Sea Level, Uplift, and Seawater Strontium." In Synthesis of Results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean, 387–402. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm070p0387.

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Chaudhuri, Archisman. "The El Nino of 1685–1687 in Golconda and Northern Coromandel, South Asia: Drought, Famine, and Mughal Wars." In Droughts, Floods, and Global Climatic Anomalies in the Indian Ocean World, 97–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98198-3_4.

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Ramaswamy, V. "Influence of Tropical Storms in the Northern Indian Ocean on Dust Entrainment and Long-Range Transport." In Typhoon Impact and Crisis Management, 149–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40695-9_7.

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Hancock, James F. "Golden age of Byzantium." In Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade, 122–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0010.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the reign of the Eastern Roman Empire as well as the state of the international trade during its golden era. It consists of thirteen subchapters which are about the Shift of Roman Power, the rule of Constantine, the drastic transition of world trade after the fall of the West Roman Empire, the exotic luxuries of Byzantium, the golden age of the Eastern Roman Empire under Justinian, Byzantine attitudes about trade. Trade in the Byzantine world was highly regulated by the state, the empire was essentially a huge trading organization. It continues with the subchapters, The Dollar of the Middle Ages, Trading with the Enemy, Aksum and Byzantium's Indian Ocean Connections, Christians Surrounded by Muslims, The Secret of Silk Escapes, which is about the mid-sixth century when most silk found its way to Europe through the Silk Routes across China and the northern steppes of Central Asia, the Justinian's Plague that spread along the great trade routes, emerging first in China and north-east India, travelling to Ethiopia, moving up the Nile to Alexandria and then east to Palestine and across the entire Mediterranean region, and lastly, The End of the Red Sea Portal. Some 1000 years of Greek and Roman rule over Egypt had ended and with it the Red Sea link of Europe with the Asian spice trade.
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Conference papers on the topic "Northern Indian Ocean"

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Rajendran, S. "The cretaceous magnetic quiet zone of northern Indian Ocean." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1818005.

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Mahadevan, Amala, Jing He, and Gualtiero Spiro Jaeger. "Relating Biological Productivity to Temperature Fronts in the Northern Indian Ocean." In 2021 IEEE International India Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (InGARSS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ingarss51564.2021.9792124.

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Durand, F., D. Shankar, F. Birol, S. S. C. Shenoi, L. Roblou, F. Lyard, and Y. Ménard. "Improved satellite altimetry for the observation of coastal ocean dynamics: a case study for the northern Indian Ocean." In Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Symposium, edited by Robert J. Frouin, Vijay K. Agarwal, Hiroshi Kawamura, Shailesh Nayak, and Delu Pan. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.695203.

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Yu, Zhaojie, Colin Christophe, Bassinot Franck, and Shiming Wan. "Nd Isotopic Composition in the Northern Indian Ocean from Late Quaternary to the Present." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3051.

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Han, Zhen, Wenjuan Huo, and Song Wang. "Retrieval of Sea Surface Temperature from AMSR-E and MODIS in the Northern Indian Ocean." In 2012 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2012.6260714.

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Shkorba, Svetlana, Svetlana Shkorba, Elena Dmitrieva, Elena Dmitrieva, Irina Mashkina, Irina Mashkina, Vladimir Ponomarev, and Vladimir Ponomarev. "CLIMATIC ANOMALIES IN FAR EASTERN MARGINAL SEAS, BAIKAL LAKE BASIN AND THEIR LINKAGES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b939727b3b4.55522289.

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Winter climatic anomalies of various time scales in the Japan, Okhotsk seas and Baikal Lake Basin are revealed and compared with anomalies in the Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans. Time series of ice extent in the Japan and Okhotsk seas, ice thickness and seasonal duration of the ice cover in the Baykal Lake, as well as Hadley SST, surface heat fluxes, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure fields (SLP) and different climatic indices are analyzed. The decadal climate anomalies in the Japan and Okhotsk seas in mid winter, as compared to the Northeast Pacific and South Siberia regions, could have a reversed phase. Alternating cold/warm decadal anomalies in different longitude zones of the North Asian Pacific are accompanied by alternating meridional wind and SLP anomalies at temperate latitudes. Alternating zones of inversed anomalies in temperate latitudes of the Asian Pacific are related to teleconnections with anomalies in both Arctic and Indo-Pacific oceans. Negative SSTA in eastern/central tropical-equatorial Pacific and positive SSTA in El Nino area accompanies rise of northern wind and ice extent in the Okhotsk/Japan Seas in mid-winter. The best predictors of the high cold anomaly in February in the western subarctic Pacific and marginal seas are reduction of the SST and net heat flux from the atmosphere to the ocean in north-eastern and central North Pacific during warm period of a previous year. At the multidecadal time scale the warming/cooling in the Northeast Pacific accompany winter warming/cooling in the Baykal Lake area during all period of observation. At interdecadal time scales the significant link of winter climate oscillations in South Siberia (Baikal Lake Basin) is found with SSTA oscillations in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean and certain areas of the Pacific Ocean. The linkages of anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin, Okhotsk, Japan Seas with regional anomalies in some key areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, related to the atmospheric centers of action are more stable than that with climatic indices. After climate regime shift in late 70s warm decadal anomaly in both Lake Baykal Basin and Indian Ocean in boreal winter accompany high positive anomaly of the Arctic Oscillation. Scenarios of extreme anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin and Subarctic Pacific marginal area are also presented.
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Shkorba, Svetlana, Svetlana Shkorba, Elena Dmitrieva, Elena Dmitrieva, Irina Mashkina, Irina Mashkina, Vladimir Ponomarev, and Vladimir Ponomarev. "CLIMATIC ANOMALIES IN FAR EASTERN MARGINAL SEAS, BAIKAL LAKE BASIN AND THEIR LINKAGES." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316b9d9e4.

Full text
Abstract:
Winter climatic anomalies of various time scales in the Japan, Okhotsk seas and Baikal Lake Basin are revealed and compared with anomalies in the Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans. Time series of ice extent in the Japan and Okhotsk seas, ice thickness and seasonal duration of the ice cover in the Baykal Lake, as well as Hadley SST, surface heat fluxes, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure fields (SLP) and different climatic indices are analyzed. The decadal climate anomalies in the Japan and Okhotsk seas in mid winter, as compared to the Northeast Pacific and South Siberia regions, could have a reversed phase. Alternating cold/warm decadal anomalies in different longitude zones of the North Asian Pacific are accompanied by alternating meridional wind and SLP anomalies at temperate latitudes. Alternating zones of inversed anomalies in temperate latitudes of the Asian Pacific are related to teleconnections with anomalies in both Arctic and Indo-Pacific oceans. Negative SSTA in eastern/central tropical-equatorial Pacific and positive SSTA in El Nino area accompanies rise of northern wind and ice extent in the Okhotsk/Japan Seas in mid-winter. The best predictors of the high cold anomaly in February in the western subarctic Pacific and marginal seas are reduction of the SST and net heat flux from the atmosphere to the ocean in north-eastern and central North Pacific during warm period of a previous year. At the multidecadal time scale the warming/cooling in the Northeast Pacific accompany winter warming/cooling in the Baykal Lake area during all period of observation. At interdecadal time scales the significant link of winter climate oscillations in South Siberia (Baikal Lake Basin) is found with SSTA oscillations in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean and certain areas of the Pacific Ocean. The linkages of anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin, Okhotsk, Japan Seas with regional anomalies in some key areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, related to the atmospheric centers of action are more stable than that with climatic indices. After climate regime shift in late 70s warm decadal anomaly in both Lake Baykal Basin and Indian Ocean in boreal winter accompany high positive anomaly of the Arctic Oscillation. Scenarios of extreme anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin and Subarctic Pacific marginal area are also presented.
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Sikes, Elisabeth, Thomas Williams, Aidan Starr, and Ellen Martin. "Reduced Northern Source Water and Ventilation during the Last Glacial Maximum in the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean Linked to a “Deep Gateway” Effect." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2385.

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Alvarez Zarikian, Carlos A., Chimnaz Nadiri, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Loren Petruny, Particia Hernandez, Dick Kroon, James Wright, Gregor P. Eberli, and Christian Betzler. "OSTRACOD-BASED RECONSTRUCTION OF BOTTOM WATER CONDITIONS IN THE INNER SEA OF THE MALDIVES DURING THE PLEISTOCENE (IODP SITE U1467, NORTHERN INDIAN OCEAN)." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303155.

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Mahanta, Chandan, and Nayanjyoti Pathak. "Climate Change Impact on the Southwest Monsoon Modulated Freshwater Pulsation and Consequent Nutrient Flux Variability in the Continental Shelf of the Northern Indian Ocean." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)370.

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Reports on the topic "Northern Indian Ocean"

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Bulusu, Subrahmanyam. Northern Indian Ocean Salt Transport (NIOST): Estimation of Fresh and Salt Water Transports in the Indian Ocean using Remote Sensing, Hydrographic Observations and HYCOM Simulations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598535.

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Fernando, H. J. ASIRI: Air-Sea Interactions in Northern Indian Ocean (and Its Relation to Monsoonal Dynamics of the Bay of Bengal). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590509.

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