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Journal articles on the topic 'Northern Bengal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Ray, Dinesh Chandra. "The Varendra Research Society and Excavations in Northern Bengal." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2013/56.

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2

Devi, K. Nanthini, and R. K. Sarangi. "Monitoring of monthly scale chlorophyll concentration variability in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea using MODIS Aqua Satellite Data." Journal of Geomatics 17, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.58825/jog.2023.17.1.77.

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Study has been carried out to monitor the phytoplankton biomass in Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Arabian Sea (AS) using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua satellite data. Cloud masking, geometric corrections and subsets generations were performed to retrieve chlorophyll images from MODIS-Aqua data during the periods January - December for the years 2007 and 2008. The two regions (BoB & AS) have been divided into four subsets; subset-1 (Northern Bay of Bengal), subset-2 (Southern Bay of Bengal), subset-3 (Northern Arabian Sea) and subset-4 (Southern Arabian Sea). The results were analyzed and confirmed that chlorophyll concentration mean range was high (0.97-1.89 mg m-3) in northern Arabian Sea during the months of July for both years 2007 and 2008 and low concentration range (0.12-0.35 mg m-3) was obtained during April month for both years in southern Bay of Bengal. This study found to be important as information about the chlorophyll concentration in the Northern Indian Ocean.

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3

Dar, Tauseef Hamid, M. Kamalakannan, C. Venkatraman, and Kailash Chandra. "An old collection reveals an additional distribution record of the Greater Long-tongued Fruit Bat Macroglossus sobrinus K. Anderson, 1911 (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from southern West Bengal, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 13 (November 26, 2018): 12837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4065.10.13.12837-12839.

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Greater Long-tongued Fruit Bat Macroglossus sobrinus K Anderson, 1911 is one of the small fruit bat found in South and Southeast Asia. In India, this species has only been reported from northern West Bengal, Sikkim and Northeast India. Upon detailed examination of the external morphology, skull and dentition of a single bat specimen, which was collected from Narendrapur, South 24- Parganas district in West Bengal (southern West Bengal) during the year 1995 and deposited in the National Zoological Collections of Zoological Survey of India, was identified as Macroglossus sobrinus. It is the first report on the occurrence of the species from southern West Bengal, extended distribution by more than 600 km southward from the known localities in Darjeeling in northern West Bengal.

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4

Dutta, Koushik, Ravi Bhushan, and B. L. K. Somayajulu. "ΔR Correction Values for the Northern Indian Ocean." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2A (2001): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038376.

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Apparent marine radiocarbon ages are reported for the northern Indian Ocean region for the pre-nuclear period, based on measurements made in seven mollusk shells collected between 1930 and 1954. The conventional 14C ages of these shells range from 693 ± 44 to 434 ± 51 BP in the Arabian Sea and 511 ± 34 to 408 ± 51 BP in the Bay of Bengal. These ages correspond to mean ΔR correction values of 163 ± 30 yr for the northern Arabian Sea, 11 ± 35 yr for the eastern Bay of Bengal (Andaman Sea) and 32 ± 20 yr for the southern Bay of Bengal. Contrasting reservoir ages for these two basins are most likely due to differences in their thermocline ventilation rates.

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5

Kapoor, Aditya Ranjan. "Reforming the ‘Muslims’: Piety, State and Islamic Reform Movement in Bengal." Society and Culture in South Asia 3, no. 2 (June 6, 2017): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2393861717706293.

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Muslims in Bengal constitute a distinct ethnic group in terms of language, culture and history. After the Arabs, Bengali Muslims constitute the second largest Muslim ethnic group in the world. This article is based on a historical and ethnographic study of an Islamic reform movement that emerged in colonial Bengal. It was initiated by late Abu Bakr Siddique (d. 1939) and presently is linked with his shrine at Furfura Sahreif, West Bengal. The movement was an offshoot of tariqa-e-muhammadiya movement that came up in the early nineteenth century northern India and had an important impact on the social–religious landscape of colonial Bengal. This article attempts to illustrate how modern Islamic reform movements with its emphasis on scriptural purity and abhorrence towards any localised ways of practicing Islam interact with its cultural and historical context. This problematises any neat distinction between the ‘scriptural’ or ‘textual’ Islam understood in terms of great Islamic traditions against the localised or lived Islam. Second, it highlights the various ways through which the reform movement is sustained by exploring the dynamic interface between religious reform, popular piety and the role of the post-colonial state in shaping Muslim subjectivities.

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6

Sarkar, Vivek. "A note on the taxonomy and natural history of the Summer Clicker Lahugada dohertyi (Distant, 1891) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) along with its distribution in northern West Bengal, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 9 (July 26, 2019): 14128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3193.11.9.14128-14136.

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Lahugada dohertyi is one of the many lesser-known cicadas of northeastern India which has never been studied since its discovery. Recently, a century later, a population of this elusive cicada was discovered in northern West Bengal. This paper gives an account on its distribution in northern West Bengal, taxonomy, and natural history and suggests a common name based on its call and habitat preferences.

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7

Gupta, H., and V. Gahalaut. "Is the Northern Bay of Bengal Tsunamigenic?" Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 99, no. 6 (November 23, 2009): 3496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120080379.

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8

SINGH, O. P. "Thermodynamical characteristics of monsoon troposphere over the Bay of Bengal." MAUSAM 50, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v50i3.1855.

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Thermodynamical characteristics of monsoon troposphere, especially the lower troposphere, over different regions of Bay of Bengal has been studied utilising the radiosonde data collected by Ocean Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya during the period 8 July-5 August, 1991. The results reveal the existence of low level inversions over the central and adjoining parts of southern Bay of Bengal between 13.4°-17.2°N and 84.5°- 90.0°E during July-August The lower troposphere upto 850 hPa appears to be absolutely stable over this region of Bay of Bengal. In total contrast, none of the ascents taken over the region north of 17.7°N showed any low level inversion. The lower troposphere over the northern Bay of Bengal where convection develops under favourable synoptic situations in monsoon, was found to be unstable. In July the low level inversion appears to extend far south (upto about 10.3°N) but gets disintegrated over the southern parts of Bay of Bengal with the advance of season. Many ascents over the northern and central Bay of Bengal have shown the occurrence of stable layers near 0° level. In the equatorial Bay of Bengal between 5°-10°N stable layers appear to exist near 400 hPa level and near 850-800 hPa level. The results seem to provide an insight into the pattern of convection over the Bay of Bengal during monsoon.

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9

Jensen, Tommy G. "Wind-Driven Response of the Northern Indian Ocean to Climate Extremes*." Journal of Climate 20, no. 13 (July 1, 2007): 2978–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4150.1.

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Abstract Composites of Florida State University winds (1970–99) for four different climate scenarios are used to force an Indian Ocean model. In addition to the mean climatology, the cases include La Niña, El Niño, and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The differences in upper-ocean water mass exchanges between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are investigated and show that, during El Niño and IOD years, the average clockwise Indian Ocean circulation is intensified, while it is weakened during La Niña years. As a consequence, high-salinity water export from the Arabian Sea into the Bay of Bengal is enhanced during El Niño and IOD years, while transport of low-salinity waters from the Bay of Bengal into the Arabian Sea is enhanced during La Niña years. This provides a venue for interannual salinity variations in the northern Indian Ocean.

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10

Satyanarayana, D., S. D. Sahu, P. K. Panigrahy, V. V. Sarma, and C. Suguna. "Subsurface ammonium maxima in Northern Bay of Bengal." Marine Environmental Research 31, no. 2 (January 1991): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(91)90023-2.

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11

Ramana, M. V., V. Subrahmanyam, K. S. Krishna, A. K. Chaubey, K. V. L. N. S. Sarma, G. P. S. Murty, G. S. Mittal, and R. K. Drolia. "Magnetic studies in the northern Bay of Bengal." Marine Geophysical Researches 16, no. 3 (June 1994): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01237516.

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12

Anderson, D. H. "Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary." American Journal of International Law 109, no. 1 (January 2015): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.109.1.0146.

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On July 7, 2014, an ad hoc arbitral tribunal (Tribunal) rendered its award on the dispute between Bangladesh and India concerning the delimitation of their entire maritime boundary in the northern part of the Bay of Bengal. The award established the course of the boundary line in the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and the continental shelf within and beyond 200 nautical miles, ending a dispute that had persisted between the neighbors for more than three decades.

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13

Jana, Arun, Godhuli Sit, and Angsuman Chanda. "Record of hill stream catfish Glyptothorax telchitta (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) from Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, India." Acta Biologica Sibirica 7 (October 15, 2021): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.7.e70963.

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Glyptothorax telchitta (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) is a benthic hill-stream Sisoroid catfish that inhabits the mountain waters of the Indian Himalayas and in China, Tibet and the Sunda Islands. It is also a common hill stream catfish of the northern region of West Bengal. The present work reveals that the species is available in the Shilabati river basin, Ghatal, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. Therefore, Glyptothorax telchitta (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) is a widely distributed hill stream species and extends to the lowland area of Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India.

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14

MIA, MD RASEL, and MD JAYEDUL ISLAM. "First record of the family Plesiopidae in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh coast." Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries 33, no. 2 (March 28, 2022): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52168/bjf.2021.33.42.

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The family Plesiopidae is reported for the first time from the marine waters of Saint Martin’s Island, Bay of Bengal Bangladesh coast based on the record of the species Plesiops coralicora (Bleeker, 1853). The findings added a new distributional range for this kingfish (roundhead family) from Northern Bay of Bengal and an important addition of ichthyofauna to marine fishes of Bangladesh.

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15

Pal, Aaratrik. "Dragonflies and damselflies of University of North Bengal campus, West Bengal, India with new distribution record of Agriocnemis kalinga Nair & Subramanian, 2014." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2017): 11067. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3785.9.12.11067-11073.

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A study was made to determine the present status of the diversity of the dragonflies and damselflies from University of North Bengal campus and its surroundings. The study shows the presence of total 69 species of odonates belonging to 41 genera and nine families from the area. Agriocnemis kalinga Nair & Subramanian, 2014 is recorded for the first time from northern Bengal.

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16

Radhakrishnan, Divya Prema, Vineesh Nedumpally, Ayyathurai Kathirvelpandian, Basheer Valaparambil Saidmuhammed, and Achamveettil Gopalakrishnan. "Population structure of Spanish mackerelScomberomorus commerson(Lacepede 1800) in the Northern Indian Ocean determined using microatellite markers." Aquatic Living Resources 31 (2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2018011.

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Narrow barred Spanish mackerel,Scomberomorus commerson(Lacepede, 1800) is one of the economically important marine fish species in the Northern Indian Ocean. Genetic stock structuring is reported inS. commersonfrom Arabian Peninsula, Indo-West Pacific, Northern Australian, Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The present study utilized microsatellite markers to elucidate the population structure ofS. commerson(Lacepede, 1800) in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. A total of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci were amplified in 250 samples collected from five different geographic locations. LowFSTvalues (0.0023–0.027), AMOVA, PCoA and the Bayesian analysis of genetic structure indicated unit stock of the species in Indian waters. Bottleneck analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Mode shift test indicated lack of recent bottleneck events across populations ofS. commerson. The findings of the present study could be used in managing the commercially important species,S. commersonas a unit stock in Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal of Northern Indian Ocean and reinforces the need for regional cooperation on fisheries management.

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17

Dash, Suraj Kumar, Abhisek Chettri, Dipanjan Naha, and Sambandam Sathyakumar. "First report of the Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae) from West Bengal, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 17561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5950.13.1.17561-17563.

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We report the western most distribution of the Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus (Thomas, 1921) in India. An individual was photo captured in the semi-evergreen forests of Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary, northern West Bengal on the night of 28 January 2019. It is a rare rodent species that is distributed in the northeastern states of India but was not reported from West Bengal.

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18

Deuti, Kaushik, Sukumar Ray, Probhat Bag, and Swapan Kumar Dey. "Amphibians of the Duars Area of Northern West Bengal." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 117, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i3/2017/120966.

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19

Hossain, M. Shahadat, Faisal Sobhan, Mohammad Nasir Uddin, S. M. Sharifuzzaman, Sayedur Rahman Chowdhury, Subrata Sarker, and M. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury. "Microplastics in fishes from the Northern Bay of Bengal." Science of The Total Environment 690 (November 2019): 821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.065.

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20

Sutradhar, Kartik Chandra. "Tea- Labour Movements in the Northern Bengal Since 1947." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 5, no. 5 (September 25, 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942703/ijhss-v5i5p105.

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21

Jampana, Venkata, M. Ravichandran, Lakshmi Kantha, and Hasibur Rahaman. "Modeling slippery layers in the northern Bay of Bengal." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 168 (October 2019): 104616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.07.004.

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22

Nuncio, M., and S. Prasanna Kumar. "Evolution of cyclonic eddies and biogenic fluxes in the northern Bay of Bengal." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2013): 16213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-16213-2013.

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Abstract. The Bay of Bengal has been traditionally known for its low primary productivity and varied reasons were attributed to it. The data analysis from the sediment traps deployed in the northern Bay of Bengal during the 5 yr from 1994 show episodic events of enhanced downward biogenic flux every year which was not related to monsoon-driven seasonal cycle. Satellite-derived sea level anomaly suggests that the episodic increase in the biogenic flux was associated with the presence of cyclonic eddies in the sediment trap location. Cyclonic eddy-induced down ward biogenic flux in the sediment trap location was larger than the amplitude, ∼40 mg m−2 d−1, of the seasonal cycle. The magnitude of the peak episodic fluxes were one-and-half to two-and-half times the annual mean flux, while the anomaly of peak episodic fluxes was at least equal to or greater than the magnitude of the seasonal flux value. Cyclonic eddies responsible for high biogenic flux during 1994 and 1996 were formed in the northern Bay of Bengal during February–March of respective years due to the interaction of northward flowing western boundary current and coastally trapped Kelvin wave. In contrast, cyclonic eddies during 1997 and 1998 were formed from the breaking of westward propagating Rossby waves. The sediment trap data provided the observational evidence that eddy-induced biological productivity is an important mechanism in the Bay of Bengal that contributes significantly to the mid-depth biogenic flux.

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23

S. N. PANDEY, R. BHATLA, MANOJ K. SRIVASTAVA, and R. K. MALL. "Floods and hazardous heavy rainfall in India: Comparison between local versus oceanic impact." Journal of Agrometeorology 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v12i1.1265.

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India, leading to heavy rainfall. Such heavy rainfall result in floods for wider region of northern India, and, which, finally, causes loss of agriculture, human and animal’s life, outbreak of diseases/ epidemics, and thus affecting national economy. An attempt has therefore, been made to analyze the disastrous events that occurred in the summer monsoon months over different states in India for the period 1981-2000. The analyses included the raining event which were active, but, caused due to- or without the monsoonal-systems that were formed in north Indian Ocean. Results showed that West Bengal was the mostly affected state during monsoon season, where both, local as well as monsoonal systems were equally responsible for heavy rainfall/ flood events. The local atmospheric phenomenon affected highly to Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, and Maharashtra, whereas for systems that were associated with the north Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, the states of West Bengal and Orissa were the mostly affected states. From the study, it may be concluded that all the heavy rainfall related disastrous weather events formed over different states in India was not only due to systems developed over Oceans, rather, local atmospheric phenomena had equally important contributor of similar affects, particularly for northern and western India.

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24

Chakravarti, Ranabir. "Early Medieval Bengal and the Trade In Horses: a Note." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 42, no. 2 (1999): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520991446839.

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AbstractThis essay brings into focus a relatively neglected aspect of economic life in early medieval Bengal. Like many other parts of India, Bengal during ancient and early medieval times did not have any indigenous, good quality war horses. The emergence of Bengal as a regional political entity to reckon with during the early medieval times (c. AD 600 - 1300) must have increased the demand for war horses. The paper analyses the epigraphic accounts of the procurement of these indispensable war animals from northern and northwestern India by the rulers of early medieval Bengal. The Tabaqat-i-Nasiri of the thirteenth century gives an indication of the availablity of northeastern horses - probably Tibetan ones - in Bengal. Chinese accounts of the fifteenth century and some Arabic accounts of the invasions of the Deccan by the Delhi Sultante have been utilised here to suggest that early medieval Bengal not only received regular supplies of imported horses, but also witnessed the transportation of some of these war machines to the Deccan and China.

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25

Das, Isha, Sugata Hazra, Sourav Das, Sandip Giri, Abhra Chanda, Sourav Maity, and Shubhadeep Ghosh. "Trophic-level modelling of the coastal waters of the northern Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, India." Fisheries Science 84, no. 6 (August 11, 2018): 995–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-018-1246-x.

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26

Dutta, Koushik, G. V. Ravi Prasad, Dinesh K. Ray, and Sanjeev Raghav. "Decadal Changes of Radiocarbon in the Surface Bay of Bengal: Three Decades After Geosecs and One Decade After WOCE." Radiocarbon 52, no. 3 (2010): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046269.

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Radiocarbon was measured in the surface seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the Bay of Bengal during November 2006. A meridional transect of the Δ14C in DIC was obtained from measurements in closely spaced samples collected roughly along 88°E. The Δ14C of these samples ranged from 44‰ to 57.7‰ (mean 51.8 ± 1.1‰, n = 12), and 38‰ at one station in the northern Bay of Bengal. The overall pattern of 14C distribution in DIC of surface Bay of Bengal during 2006 was roughly similar to that during the WOCE expedition of 1995. These results indicate a Δ14C decline rate of ∼4‰ per decade since WOCE in the surface Bay of Bengal, which is much smaller compared to a decline rate of ∼25‰ per decade observed in the 2 decades between the GEOSECS and WOCE expeditions, due to the smaller atmosphere-ocean Δ14C gradient.

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27

China, Subham. "Piracy, Estuaries, and Commerce: Magh Predation in the Northern Bay of Bengal." Asian Review of World Histories 12, no. 1 (February 7, 2024): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-bja10056.

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Abstract As a postgraduate student at the Department of History, University of Hyderabad, India, I was introduced to Michael Pearson’s scholarship on the Indian Ocean and related studies thereon. While teaching the course “The World of the Indian Ocean,” Professor Rila Mukherjee emphasized Michael Pearson as one of the first to systematically conceptualize the interconnected maritime space of the Indian Ocean, and particularly, in her own work, the Bay of Bengal. Pearson’s many works shaped my research ideas and provided frameworks for my future research interests. In this paper, I will focus on the significant historiographical and conceptual interventions of Michael Pearson and how they shaped the development of my research on magh predation in the northern Bay of Bengal.

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28

Venkatesan, Ramasamy, Jagadeesh Kadiyam, Puniyamoorthy SenthilKumar, Rajagopalan Lavanya, and Loganathan Vedaprakash. "Marine Biofouling on Moored Buoys and Sensors in the Northern Indian Ocean." Marine Technology Society Journal 51, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.2.11.

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AbstractEquipment and structures deployed in seawater and other marine environments are susceptible to marine growth. This marine biofouling is one of the critical factors that affects the measurement of continuous real-time data from the oceanographic sensors deployed for long-term observations. To understand the characteristics of biofouling on marine sensors, an investigation was conducted on sensors deployed in a moored buoy network deployed and maintained by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal regions. The present paper attempts to elucidate the characteristics of biofouling on sensor components deployed at seven locations in the Bay of Bengal and five locations in the Arabian Sea, at varying depths ranging from the surface to 500-m depth. Biofouling on bare sensor surfaces and surfaces with various antifouling measures has been studied for 2 consecutive years (2015 and 2016), and the effect of antifouling measures is discussed in this paper. Among the locations studied, buoys deployed in the Arabian Sea exhibited a higher biofouling load compared to the buoys deployed in the Bay of Bengal. The study showed that the pedunculate barnacles Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758, was the predominant biofouling species on these sensors. Furthermore, observations show that the use of copper- and zinc-based antifouling methods reduced the incidence of biofouling by 59% on average.

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Amrutha, M. M., V. Sanil Kumar, T. R. Anoop, T. M. Balakrishnan Nair, A. Nherakkol, and C. Jeyakumar. "Waves off Gopalpur, northern Bay of Bengal during Cyclone Phailin." Annales Geophysicae 32, no. 9 (September 2, 2014): 1073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-1073-2014.

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Abstract. The wave statistical parameters during Cyclone Phailin which crossed the northern Bay of Bengal are described based on the Directional Waverider buoy-measured wave data from 8 to 13 October 2013. On 12 October 2013, the cyclone passed within 70 km of the Waverider buoy location with a wind speed of 59.2 m s−1 (115 knots), and during this period, a maximum significant wave height of 7.3 m and a maximum wave height of 13.5 m were measured at 50 m water depth. Eight freak wave events are observed during the study period. The ratio of the maximum wave height to significant wave height recorded is found to be higher than the theoretical value and the ratio of the crest height to wave height during the cyclone was 0.6 to 0.7. The characteristics of the wave spectra before and after the cyclone is studied and found that the high-frequency face of the wave spectrum is proportional to f−3 before the cyclone and is between f−4 and f−5 during the cyclone period.

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Paul, Tarun, and Kousik Nandi. "Response of Buckwheat Varieties in Northern Parts of West Bengal." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 2434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.901.277.

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31

Chowdhury, Khalil R., Mahfuzul Haque, Nahid Nasreen, and Rashedul Hasan. "Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in the northern Bay of Bengal." Sedimentary Geology 155, no. 3-4 (February 2003): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(02)00189-6.

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32

MOHAPATRA, ANIL, DIPANJAN RAY, SWARUP RANJAN MOHANTY, and SUBHRENDU SEKHAR MISHRA. "Ophichthus kailashchandrai sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae): a new species of snake eel from Indian waters, Bay of Bengal." Zootaxa 4728, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4728.2.9.

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A new snake eel (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae) species, Ophichthus kailashchandrai sp. nov., is described from three specimens, collected from the Shankarpur fishing harbour located on the northern part of the Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, India. Ophichthus kailashchandrai sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by having its dorsal-fin origin at the posterior third of the pectoral fin, preanal length 2.6–2.8 in TL, uniserial maxillary and mandibular teeth and vertebral count (predorsal vertebrae 14–15, preanal vertebrae 54–55, and total vertebrae 180–182).

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33

Chandra Ray, Dinesh. "Man-Elephant Conflict: A Case Study of the Forest Contiguous Counties of Northern Bengal." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 5 (June 15, 2012): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/may2014/30.

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34

BISWAS, B., and K. GUPTA. "Variability of southwest monsoon rainfall over West Bengal." MAUSAM 44, no. 4 (January 1, 2022): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v44i4.3925.

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Monthly and seasonal variations of southwest monsoon rainfall over the districts of Gangetic and Sub-Himalayan West Bengal are presented and their differences discussed. Latitudinal variations of monsoon rainfall are brought out. Decadal means of seasonal rainfall over plains are compared with those at higher elevations and northern latitudes. An attempt is made to study long term rainfall trends.

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35

Ghosh, Tirthankar. "Rivers, Land and State: Embankment and Ecology in Colonial North Bengal." Studies in People's History 8, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448921999041.

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This article seeks to investigate the mutual relationship between embankment and ecology and colonial policy in the changing dynamics of rivers and land in northern Bengal during the colonial period. Rainfall, floods and economy seem to be the most essential components in the history and politics of embankments in the area, a peripheral region intersected by numerous rivers originating in the Himalayas. The article sets colonial hydrology in North Bengal against the ecological vulnerabilities created by shifts in courses of rivers and by floods as well as embankments.

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Testut, Laurent, Jamal Uddin Khan, Fabien Durand, and Yann Krien. "Modélisation des surcotes marines cycloniques dans le golfe du Bengale." La Météorologie, no. 122 (2023): 031. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2023-0070.

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Le golfe du Bengale, au nord-est de l'océan Indien, est le siège tristement célèbre des cyclones tropicaux parmi les plus meurtriers de l'Histoire. Dans sa partie nord baigne le delta du Bengale, plus vaste région deltaïque de la planète. Malgré des avancées récentes, la morphologie et l'hydrodynamique complexes de ce grand delta, combinées au coût numérique de la modélisation hydrodynamique, ont empêché la prévision des surcotes marines sur cette région très vulnérable. Nous présentons ici un système de prévision des surcotes cycloniques fondé sur la plateforme de modélisation Schism-WWM, qui est à la fois efficace numériquement, cohérente physiquement et utilisable en temps réel avec des ressources informatiques limitées. Ce système de modélisation a permis de simuler en temps quasi réel le cyclone Amphan en mai 2020. The Bay of Bengal is a well-known birth region to some of the deadliest cyclones in history. In its northern part lies the largest deltaic region, the Bengal delta. Despite recent advancements, the complex morphology and hydrodynamics of this large delta and the associated modeling computational costs impede the storm surge forecasting in this highly vulnerable region. Here we present a proof of concept of a physically consistent and computationally efficient storm surge forecasting system tractable in real-time with limited resources. With a state-of-the-art wave-coupled hydrodynamic numerical modeling system, we forecast the 2020 super-cyclone Amphan in real-time.

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Guha, P., S. Bhattacharjee, and T. K. Chaudhuri. "Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes in the Bengali Population of Northern West Bengal, India." Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 80, no. 6 (November 26, 2014): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sji.12239.

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Shith, Arijit, Srikanta Padhan, Avilash Mohapatra, and Sanjana Agrawal. "Eastern India's response to the pandemic: a comparative assessment of West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2023): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20234133.

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Background: The three eastern states of India (Odisha, Bihar, and West Bengal) share common borders with similar cultural and socio-demographic characteristics due to historical ties. In the recent past, these states witnessed large-scale return migration of workers, leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases. Despite the increasing number of cases, the testing capacity in Odisha, Bihar, and West Bengal is significantly lower compared to the testing capacities in the western, southern, and northern regions. Methods: This study utilized a nine-month retrospective longitudinal design, focusing on the COVID-19 situation and healthcare facilities in Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar from May 2020 to January 2021. Data were extracted from various Government and research institution websites, and descriptive analyses employed bar and line diagrams. Results: Odisha and Bihar show declining COVID-19 cases, deaths, and test positivity rates, while West Bengal is on the rise. Testing rates are consistently increasing in all three states. West Bengal has the highest doctors per million, Odisha has the most nurses per million, and more pharmacists are registered in West Bengal. In health infrastructure, Odisha has COVID-19 special hospital testing centers, while West Bengal leads in hospital beds and ICU beds. Conclusions: The burden of COVID-19 infection in India was heterogeneous, with evidence of high transmission in the eastern, northeast, western, and southern regions. The study findings will be helpful in making informed decisions about the current state-wise health status in eastern India.

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Luo, Yao, Hui Shi, and Weiqiang Wang. "Response of extreme significant wave height to climate change in the South China Sea and northern Indian Ocean." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.03.12.

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Abstract The frequency of extreme wave events is increasing with climate change. The temporal and spatial variations of extreme wave height affect both human livelihood and the usage of ocean resources. The South China Sea and northern Indian Ocean both support coastal communities of high population density, with varied terrain structures and extreme wind and wave systems. This study focuses on the temporal and spatial variations of the extreme significant wave height in the South China Sea and northern Indian Ocean. Using nonstationary generalized extreme value analysis, trends for a 100-year return period of significant wave height were obtained for both. The most rapid increase in the 100-year return was found to be 0.015 m yr-1 in the northern South China Sea and in the Arabian Sea; however, the 100-year return significant wave height fell in the mouth of the Bay of Bengal. After analyzing the possible causes and influence factors, we found that the increase in significant wave height in the northern South China Sea was dominated by local wind-waves and similarly, the Arabian Sea was affected by swell. The NINO3.4 index shows good correlation with the significant wave height in the northern South China Sea because typhoons are related to NINO3.4 in this area. The trends of the extreme wave height in the Arabian Sea and southern Bay of Bengal have good correlations with the South Asian summer monsoon index.

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Uddin, Misbah, Jahir Bin Alam, Zahirul Haque Khan, G. M. Jahid Hasan, and Tauhidur Rahman. "Two Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modelling of Northern Bay of Bengal Coastal Waters." Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 03, no. 04 (2014): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.34015.

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Mallick, Jayanta Kumar. "Panthera tigris: range and population collapse in Northern West Bengal, India." Biodiversity International Journal 3, no. 3 (May 10, 2019): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/bij.2019.03.00135.

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Li, Lanman, Xuhua Cheng, Zhiyou Jing, Haijin Cao, and Tao Feng. "Submesoscale motions and their seasonality in the northern Bay of Bengal." Acta Oceanologica Sinica 41, no. 4 (April 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13131-021-1847-6.

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43

Ray, Himanshu Prabha. "Book Review: Pelagic Passageways: The Northern Bay of Bengal before Colonialism." International Journal of Maritime History 24, no. 1 (June 2012): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387141202400124.

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Tazkia, A. R., Y. Krien, F. Durand, L. Testut, AKM S. Islam, F. Papa, and X. Bertin. "Seasonal modulation of M2 tide in the Northern Bay of Bengal." Continental Shelf Research 137 (April 2017): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.12.008.

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Krien, Y., L. Testut, A. K. M. S. Islam, X. Bertin, F. Durand, C. Mayet, A. R. Tazkia, et al. "Towards improved storm surge models in the northern Bay of Bengal." Continental Shelf Research 135 (March 2017): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.01.014.

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Hossain, M. Shahadat, M. Shajjadur Rahman, Mohammad Nasir Uddin, S. M. Sharifuzzaman, Sayedur Rahman Chowdhury, Subrata Sarker, and M. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury. "Microplastic contamination in Penaeid shrimp from the Northern Bay of Bengal." Chemosphere 238 (January 2020): 124688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124688.

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47

Sai Sein Lin Oo, Khun Aung Naing Oo, and Paul Jeremy James Bates. "Unusual foraging behaviour of the Bengal Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis (Lacépède, 1800) (Mammalia: Primates: Lorisidae) in the Shan Highlands, Myanmar." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2023): 23606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8533.15.7.23606-23609.

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In April 2022, in northern Shan State, Myanmar, a Bengal Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis, an Endangered species, was observed entering a house and feeding on two Eurasian Tree Sparrows Passer montanus. This observation provides new information about the diet of Nycticebus bengalensis and its habituation to a highly disturbed urban environment.

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Rashid, Harunur, Yang Wang, and Alexandra T. Gourlan. "Impact of Climate Change on Past Indian Monsoon and Circulation: A Perspective Based on Radiogenic and Trace Metal Geochemistry." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030330.

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The Indian summer monsoon (ISM), one of the dramatic illustrations of seasonal hydrological variability in the climate system, affects billions of lives. The ISM dominantly controls the northern Indian Ocean sea-surface salinity, mostly in the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, by the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Irrawaddy-Salween rivers outflow and direct rainfall. In the past decade, numerous studies have used radiogenic neodymium (εNd) isotopes of seawater to link Indian subcontinent erosion and the ensuing increase in discharge that results in changes in the north Indian Ocean sea surface. Here we synthesized the state of the ISM and ocean circulation using the neodymium and hafnium isotopes from north Indian Ocean deep-sea sediments. Our data suggest that the Bay of Bengal and north Indian Ocean sea-surface conditions were most likely modulated by changes in the ISM strength during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. These findings contrast to the hypothesis that suggests that the bottom water neodymium isotopes of the northern Indian Ocean were modulated by switching between two distant sources, namely North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic bottom water. Furthermore, the consistency between the neodymium and hafnium isotopes during the last glacial maximum and Holocene suggests a weak and dry ISM and strong and wet conditions, respectively. These data also indicate that the primary source of these isotopes was the Himalayas. Our results support the previously published paleo-proxy records, indicating weak and strong monsoons for the same periods. Moreover, our data further support the hypothesis that the northern Indian Ocean neodymium isotopes were decoupled from the global ocean neodymium budget due to the greater regional influence by the great Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Irrawaddy-Salween discharge draining the Indian subcontinent to the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.

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Akash, Muntasir, and Mostafa A. R. Hossain. "First record of the Two-striped Box Crab Calappa bilineata Ng, Lai & Aungtonya, 2002 (Brachyura: Calappidae) from St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 9771. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2943.9.1.9771-9773.

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As part of survey of a BS (hons) study tour conducted by the Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, two specimens of box crab were caught with a beach seine net from the northern beach in front of the Hotel Prince Heaven (20038’07.50”N & 92019’34.68”E) on new moon of 07th December 2012. Those box crabs were identified as the Two Striped Box Crab Calappa bilineata Ng, Lai & Aungtonya, 2002 which is turned out as a new record for Bangladesh and a record for the northern part of the Bay of Bengal.

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Sovannary, SAN, THI Sothearen, EANG Savet, SON Virak, and CHHIN Sophea. "The Effectiveness of Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis) Conservation in Cambodia." Insight: Cambodia Journal of Basic and Applied Research 4, no. 02 (December 31, 2022): 16–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.61945/cjbar.2022.4.2.2.

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Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis) is a critically endangered bustard (type of bird) inhabiting alluvial grasslands in India, Nepal and Cambodia. Bengal Florican conservation areas (BFCAs) cover 31,159 ha (312 km2) in Kampong Thom and Siem Reap provinces. Local communities need to get involved in the management of grasslands and understand the reasons for the decline of Bengal florican. Conservation activities within BFCAs include field patrols to prevent hunting and land encroachment, environmental education and raising awareness, and provision of agricultural development support for lands outside the BFCAs. This study aims to estimate the population trends of Bengal florican (H. bengalensis) in the last ten years (2010-2019), to determine threats to Bengal florican in BFCAs, and to understand the perceptions of the locals regarding Bengal florican conservation in the northern Tonle Sap Protected Landscape, Cambodia. In the BFCAs of Stoung-Chikraeng and Baray-Chong Doung districts, data was collected in terms of seventy-one factors for use in a line transect method, and key informant interviews were conducted with ninety-seven respondents. This study found the population of Bengal florican in Stoung-Chikraeng has been stabilizing in the last three years (2017-2019). In Baray-Chong Doung the population of Bengal florican is still declining in the BFCAs. The threat factors to the population of Bengal florican in the conservation areas have been found to be: hunting 30.7%, chemicals 16.4%, habitat loss 15.6%, rice planting in the dry season 13.1%, power transmission lines 10.7%, and low education (public awareness) 5.7%. The observation of human disturbance using a line transect method found 25 line transects with strong cattle foraging (48.1%) in Stoung-Chikraeng, 30 line transects with cattle foraging (28.9%) in Baray and 16 line transects with cattle foraging (32.0%) in Chong Doung BFCAs. 80.4% of the respondents understand the purpose of the Bengal florican conservation (to promote ecotourism activities, ecological balance, community income, to protect the natural resources, create jobs for local people) and 78.4% of community members understand the management conservation of Bengal florican in BFCAs (Wild patrolled, Sustainable Rice Platform, Nest protection program, Ecotourism service). We concluded that Stoung-Chikraeng is an important area for Bengal florican conservation due to the food supply and a high survival rate of Bengal florican. The area was also found to be amenable to linking conservation participation to improved livelihoods of the local community through ecotourism (bird watching). To improve the conservation of Bengal florican in Baray-Chong Doung, we propose increasing education and public awareness.

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