Dissertations / Theses: 'Northern Australia'

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Sweeney, Dominique. "Masked corroborees of the northwest - "stand up in my head"." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110183.

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In northwest Australia a range of corroborees incorporate the use of masks. These and other performance objects connect bodies to country, cultural knowledge and ancestors. They also reaffirm the political status of people in their country. My thesis is in two parts: making a digital video (DV) about the way these masks come into being and how they are used; and this written thesis analysing the groundwork process involved in making the DV. The Ngarinyin, Narinyman and Worla people of northwest Australia are peoples with whom I have concentrated my research and video documentation concerning the animation of Wunggurr (Rainbow Serpent) and Ngarranggarni, the cosmological entirety, through performance. Masking in these corroborees is a process of manifestation when the boundary between the body of a performer and the landscape/cosmos/ancestor become one. Performances elicit questions about relationships to country, cultural knowledge, and with the dead. Do performances mean the same when performed away from their country of origin at national and international festivals? Are the conceptual categories 'performance' and 'mask' sufficient to describe what is happening in these circumstances? What are the implications for Performance Studies in looking more deeply into these performances? It is through my growing understanding and representation of the contemporary circumstances surrounding the people involved in the creation and preparation of corroborees, that this thesis explores.

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Wohl, Ellen Eva. "Northern Australian paleofloods as paleoclimatic indicators." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184418.

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Paleoflood data are restrictive reflections of climatic conditions, representing one component of a region's climate; high rainfall intensity storms. In regions with a fairly simplistic, uniform hydroclimatological setting (floods above a given magnitude threshold are caused by predominantly one type of atmospheric circulation pattern), the temporal distribution of floods reflects that of the causal circulation pattern. Slackwater-deposit-based paleoflood reconstructions for three rivers in northern Australia cover an aggregate of 1200 years. Slackwater deposits (SWD) are fine-grained sediments which settle from suspension in low velocity areas during floods. These deposits approximate the flood's high water level, and allow reasonably accurate estimation of discharge. Radiocarbon dating of associated organics, and thermoluminescence (TL) dating of the 90-125 μm quartz fraction of the sediments, produce a paleoflood chronology. In this study, radiocarbon ages on SWD ranged from 1200 yr BP to modern, while TL ages on SWD and other fluvial sediments ranged from 2.6 to 60 ka. TL dating appears to have a large temporal range (1-100 ka) and a restricted spatial range (the lower reaches of a basin), while radiocarbon dating has a more restricted temporal range (0-35,000 yr BP) and a large spatial range (anywhere in the basin). The northern Australian paleoflood data formed clusters at 300-440 yr BP and 160 yr BP-present. This distribution is attributed to variations in the intensity of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) circulation (which prevents floods from occurring in northern Australia), and the anti-ENSO circulation (which is associated with large floods).

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Greenfield, John Edward. "Migmatite formation at Mt. Stafford, Central Australia." Phd thesis, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10592.

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Kelly, Erin E. "The health of native Siluriformes in northern Australia." Thesis, Kelly, Erin E. (2018) The health of native Siluriformes in northern Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/45782/.

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Native Australian catfishes are vital to the function of freshwater ecosystems and have the potential to be successful aquaculture species. The effective protection and management of wild catfish, and the commercial viability of their use in aquaculture, is reliant on the ability to understand, identify, and control the health issues and pathogens of these species. Significant gaps in our knowledge of Australian catfish species currently limit our ability to achieve these aims, including limited information on the presence and distribution of exotic fish pathogens in Australia, and the lack of reference data for common methods of health assessment. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the exotic bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri, the most important pathogen of farmed catfish in the United States of America, was present in wild Australian catfish. A secondary aim was to generate baseline data on the haematology, histology and parasite fauna of six species of freshwater catfish; Wet Tropics tandan Tandanus tropicanus, freshwater catfish Tandanus tandanus, Hyrtyl’s tandan Neosilurus hyrtlii, black catfish Neosilurus ater, blue catfish Neoarius graeffei and silver cobbler Neoarius midgleyorum, which are widely distributed in northern Australia. A scenario tree approach was used to develop a model for a targeted, risk-based survey of E. ictaluri in wild catfishes in northern Australia. The final sampling design, based on the model, involved a mean sample size of EF fish from EY sites, providing a probability of ZY%that wild catfish populations in northern Australia are free of E. ictaluri at an overall prevalence of E% (among-river and within-river design prevalences of ED% each), given negative survey results. Catfishes were sampled from these sites and tested for the bacterium by selective culturing and DNA testing. Edwardsiella ictaluri was detected in Wet Tropics tandan Tandanus tropicanus from the Tully River, Queensland, at a prevalence of D._D (ZY% CI D.CE-D.`E), indicating that wild fishes in Australia can no longer be assumed to be free from E. ictaluri. Phylogeographic data are currently inadequate to determine the possible origin of the bacterium. However, if the E. ictaluri detected in the Tully River catchment is the result of a recent introduction, the most likely source is via the release of infected exotic ornamental fishes. The eradication of E. ictaluri is probably not a viable option, and therefore management options that limit pathogen spread should be considered. This study also provides the first report on the normal histology and haematology of the six arid and plotosid species studied. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and heterophils were observed in all catfish species studied and were similar to those reported in other Siluriformes. Leukocytes uncommonly reported in teleosts were also observed, including basophils in T. tropicanus and N. ater, eosinophils in N. graeffei, and periodic acid-Schiff positive granular leukocytes in N. graeffei, N. midgleyorum, N. ater and T. tandanus. The results of cytochemical stains that assist in the identification of leukocytes in peripheral blood smears are provided to assist in the application of haematology in assessments of fish health. The histology of all catfishes examined was largely similar to reports in other Siluriformes. However, significant differences in the structure of renal collecting and opisthonephric ducts occurred between Tandanus, Neosilurus and Neoarius species. The collecting and opisthonephric ducts of Tandanus tandanus and Tandanus tropicanus were lined by mucus cells, which may be related to the unique reproductive biology of these species. This finding is rarely reported in teleosts, and has not been reported in other species of Siluriformes. Parasites have the potential to seriously impact wild and farmed fishes, and host-parasite interactions are an important aspect of ecosystems and their food webs. The diversity and impact of haematozoa on native Australian freshwater fishes is largely unknown, and it is likely that a substantial number of protozoa in Australian fish have not been recorded. This study provides the first widespread survey of wild Australian catfishes for haematozoa. Haematozoa were observed only in fishes from Queensland, at an overall prevalence of D.EZ (ZY% CI D.Ea-D.C`). Intraerythrocytic haemogregarines were observed in N. graeffei from the Brisbane River at a prevalence of D.aY (D.EFE-D.Y`b). Trypanosomes were present in Tandanus species from four rivers, at prevalences ranging from D.EE (D.DC-D.aa) to E (D.`_-E), and in N. graeffei from one river at a prevalence of D.D` (D.DDa-D.aD). Tandanus species were significantly more likely to be infected, suggesting a high parasite-host specificity. Although a number of metazoan and protozoan parasite species have been reported from the tissues of native Australian catfishes, very few assess the pathology associated with parasitic infection. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and spatial distribution of parasites, record the pathology of the infections, and investigate the influence of fish species and locality on the prevalence of parasitic infection and parasite community composition. Forty-three putative species from at least eight phyla were identified, including Acanthocephala, Arthropoda, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes (Cestoda, Trematoda and Monogenea), Amoebozoa, Apicomplexa and non-assigned protozoans (observed as bradyzoites). In total, parasites were recorded from CDE (FF%) of catfishes. There was major variation in parasite species richness and community composition between fish species and locality. Parasites were most commonly associated with a mild to moderate inflammatory response, and in some cases appeared to be contributing to the size of pigmented macrophage aggregates. Although the majority of parasites observed appeared to have a minimal impact on their hosts, this study indicates that native catfishes can be host to a relatively large and diverse range of parasites. This study provides the first report on the comparative histology, and leukocyte morphology and cytochemistry of six catfish species common to northern Australia. It also provides the results of the first widespread survey of Australian freshwater catfishes for haematozoa, resulting in the first record of haemogregarines from Australian freshwater fishes, and the first record of trypanosomes from Neoarius graeffei and Tandanus tropicanus. In addition, this study also reports the results of the first widespread assessment of the pathology of parasitic infections in Australian freshwater catfishes, including the first report of acanthocephalans in Australian catfishes. Finally, this study provides the first report of the exotic bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri in wild fishes in Australia, indicating that important exotic pathogens of fish may be entering Australia, and constitute a potential threat to freshwater biodiversity.

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Wan, Xinan. "Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in the Northern Territory of Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26716.

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From August 1989 to may 1993, extensive studies on the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Northern Territory were conducted by means of community-based surveys, morbidity and mortality data review and mathematical modelling. The incidence of clinically apparent acute HBV infection in the Top End was 12 per 100,000 per annum, with a marked ethnic difference between Aborigines (42 per 100,000) and non—Aborigines (4 per 100,000), and an odds ratio of 10.4 (95% confidence intervals 3.2-33.8). Sixty percent of Aboriginal cases of acute hepatitis B occurred in children less than 10 years of age, whereas non-Aboriginal cases occurred in adults aged 20-29, mostly with behavioural risk factors. These findings confirm the importance of immunising Aboriginal children to reduce the future incidence of hepatitis B infection and hepatoma. Average incidence rate of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) was 5.2 per 100,000 for the Aboriginal population and 0.5 per 100,000 for the non-Aboriginal population, giving a relative risk of 10.4 (95% confidence intervals, 4.0—26.7). However, the incidence of PHC was not significantly different between Aboriginal Australians aged 40 and over (30.9 per 100,000) and persons from high risk areas such as Southern Europe, Asia or the Pacific (18.9 per 100,000) (X2l = 0.97, P > 0.05). PHC was more frequent in males (2.3 per 100,000) than in females (0.7 per 100,000), with the relative risk of 3.4 (95% confidence intervals 1.3—9.3). The incidence of PHC increased with age in Aboriginal and non—Aboriginal people; the trend was statistically significant in Aborigines (X2l =. 4.74, P < 0.05) but not in non-Aborigines (X2l = 3.43, P > 0.05). The study showed that 63.6% of Aboriginal cases and 50.0% of non-Aboriginal cases of PHC had evidence of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity. This prevalence of the virus in Aboriginal patients with carcinoma (63.6%) was much higher than that seen in Aborigines from community-based surveys (13.1%) (X2l = 21.7, P < 0.001). The results indicate the importance of hepatitis B in the aetiology of PHC in Aboriginal people, and the importance of immunisation for its prevention. Serological markers of HBV infection were detected in 28.7% of‘school children (46.9% of 439 Aborigines, 13.7% of 556 children from the "low prevalence" groups and 32.1% of 109 "other" ethnic groups). There was evidence of HBV infection in 12.8% of school staff from "low prevalence" ethnic backgrounds and in 37.9% of teachers from other ethnic (including Aboriginal) backgrounds. in Northern Territory schools, the prevalence of HBV infection is high in children and school staff from ethnic groups previously known to be at higher risk of HBV infection. For students and staff from ethnic backgrounds expected to be at low risk, HBV prevalence is greater than in individuals from similar backgrounds in other parts of Australia. These data suggest that horizontal transmission of HBV occurs in school settings in the Northern Territory, and strengthen the rationale for HBV immunisation of all children and staff at schools. Such a policy would also be applicable to other situations where there is contact between ethnic groups with high and low rates of HBV infection. The immunogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B) was examined in Aboriginal children four years after the introduction of universal vaccination for Aboriginal infants. Among 612 vaccinees, 375 (61.3%[95% confidence intervals 57.3% — 65.1%l) seroconverted (anti—HBs titres greater than or equal to 100 mIU/ml). There was a rapid decline in anti-HBs levels in Aboriginal children with time since immunisation; 7.8% of children appeared to revert to seronegative status for each year that had elapsed since the first vaccine dose. The overall response to hepatitis B vaccination in Aborigines was less than in other reported groups; this may be due to cold-chain failure in specific communities, to impaired responses reflecting malnutrition and genetic influence, and to titres which fall more rapidly over time. Multivariate analysis showed that geographic region, increasing birthweight and delayed timing of the first vaccine dose after birth were predictors of increased antibody response to the vaccine; but that timing of the second and third doses did not significantly affect response. These findings have practical implications; firstly, the considerable flexibility in timing of hepatitis B vaccine doses makes it possible to integrate this vaccine with other childhood vaccines and to resume vaccination schedules when vaccinees miss the second or third doses; secondly, there is a need to evaluate the requirement for a booster dose of vaccine in Aboriginal children; and to improve the cold chain in those communities where seroconversion rates were lowest. Epidemiological models were used to estimate rates of horizontal and vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in a mixed race Australian community.

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Smith, Claire E. "Situating style: an ethnoarchaeological study of social and material context in an Australian aboriginal artistic system." Phd thesis, University of New England, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/266544.

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This is an ethnoarchaeological study of style in the visual arts of Aboriginal people living in the Barunga region of the Northern Territory, Australia. My main concern is the development of a practical framework for the analysis of style in indigenous visual arts. This framework integrates the notions of style, semiotics and social strategy in an attempt to deal with the dynamics of image creation and perception. The principal result is that the morphological characteristics of style are influenced systematically by the historically situated positions of both producer and interpreter and by the differing strengths, possibilities and constraints of different raw materials. Moreover, each raw material has inherent qualities that make it particularly suitable for specific social uses. Since different media within an artistic system are likely to exhibit a unique combination of stylistic characteristics, including differing degrees of diversity, it is incorrect to assume that a single art form will be indicative of an artistic system as a whole. My conclusions are that research needs to be focused clearly on the contexts in which archaeological art occurs and comparative studies need to compare like with like. Single explanations are unlikely to be sufficient since it is most likely that they tell only part of the story. In addition, seemingly anomalous evidence should not be discounted, but should be used as a basis for inquiry into the likelihood of alternative scenarios that coexist with the main explanation.

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Vallgren, Andreas. "Statistical Characteristics of Convective Storms in Darwin, Northern Australia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303874.

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This M. Sc. thesis studies the statistical characteristics of convective storms in a monsoon regime in Darwin, northern Australia. It has been conducted with the use of radar. Enhanced knowledge of tropical convection is essential in studies of the global climate, and this study aims to bring light on some special characteristics of storms in a tropical environment. The observed behaviour of convective storms can be implemented in the parameterisation of these in cloud-resolving regional and global models. The wet season was subdivided into three regimes; build-up and breaks, the monsoon and the dry monsoon. Using a cell tracking system called TITAN, these regimes were shown to support different storm characteristics in terms of their temporal, spatial and height distributions. The build-up and break storms were seen to be more vigorous and particularly modulated diurnally by sea breezes. The monsoon was dominated by frequent but less intense and vertically less extensive convective cores. The explanation for this could be found in the atmospheric environment, with monsoonal convection having oceanic origins together with a mean upward motion of air through the depth of the troposphere. The dry monsoon was characterised by suppressed convection due to the presence of dry mid-level air. The effects of wind shear on convective line orientations were examined. The results show a diurnal evolution from low-level shear parallel orientations of convective lines to low-level shear perpendicular during build-up and breaks. The monsoon was dominated by complex orientations of convective lines. The thesis includes a study of merged and splitted cells, which have been separated from other storms, and mergers were shown to support more vigorous convection in terms of height distribution and reflectivity profiles. They were also seen to be the most long-lived category of storms as well as the most common type. Split storms were generally weaker, indicative of their general tendency to decay shortly after the split occurred.
En statistisk studie av konvektiva celler i en miljö som präglas av monsunförhållanden har utförts i Darwin, norra Australien, med hjälp av radar. En ökad förståelse for tropisk konvektion är nödvändig for att kunna studera klimatet globalt. Denna studie har bidragit till denna kunskapsbas genom att studera några viktiga parametrar hos konvektiva celler i en tropisk miljö. De observerade egenskaperna hos dessa celler kan implementeras i parametriseringen av högupplösta regionala och globala modeller. Regnperioden delades upp i tre olika regimer; uppbyggnad och avbrott, monsun och torr monsun. Genom att använda ett cellsökande system kallat TITAN, visade sig dessa regimer uppvisa olika karakteristika vad gäller tids- och rumsmässig samt vertikal distribution av konvektionsceller. Uppbyggnad- och avbrottsregimen dominerades av mäktiga och intensiva konvektionsceller, och modulerades av sjöbrisar på en daglig basis. Monsunen dominerades av talrika men mindre intensiva celler. Anledningen till detta kan finnas i atmosfäriska förhållanden, dar monsunen dominerades av konvektionsceller med oceanisk härkomst och allmän hävning genom större delen av troposfären. Den torra monsunen präglades av försvagad konvektion på grund av närvaron av mycket torr luft på medelhöga nivåer. Effekten av vindskjuvning på orienteringen av bylinjer undersöktes. Resultaten visar att en daglig övergång från en orientering som var parallell med vindskjuvningsvektorn till en vinkelrät orientering dominerade under uppbyggnad och avbrott. Monsunen präglades av komplexa orienteringar av bylinjer. Sammanväxande och splittrande celler separerades fran andra celler och undersöktes speciellt. De sammanväxande cellerna uppvisade mer intensiv konvektion och större vertikal maktighet. Denna kategori av celler, som var den vanligaste typen av ickeisolerade celler, levde också längre än andra celltyper. Splittrande celler var generellt svagare än andra celler, vilket indikerade den generella tendensen för denna celltyp att brytas ner strax efter det att en splittring ägt rum.

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Yichie, Yoav. "Salinity tolerance of wild rice accessions from northern Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21824.

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Salinity is a limiting factor for rice production globally. Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) is highly sensitive to salinity. I studied the salt tolerance of Australian wild Oryza species to identify diversity in salt tolerance and target genes for molecular breeding. I first performed two physiological salt-screening experiments on nine wild accessions from a range of sites across northern Australia for growth responses to NaCl up to 120 mM. Screens at 40–100 mM NaCl revealed considerable variation in salt sensitivity in accessions of O. meridionalis (Om) and O. australiensis (Oa). Growth of an Oa accession (Oa-VR) was especially salt tolerant compared with other accessions, including a salt-tolerant ‘control’ of O. sativa, Pokkali. At 80 mM NaCl, the shoot Na+/K+ ratio was the lowest in Oa-VR and Pokkali. An image-based screen was then conducted to quantify plant responses to different levels of salinity over 30 d. This revealed striking levels of salt tolerance supporting the earlier screens. Root membrane fractions of two Oa accessions with contrasting salinity tolerance (Oa-VR and Oa-D) were subjected to quantitative proteomics to identify candidate proteins contributing to salt tolerance. Plants were exposed to 80 mM NaCl for 30 d. Root proteins were analysed via tandem mass tag (TMT) labelling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of differentially abundant proteins showed those in the categories ‘metabolic process’, ‘transport’ and ‘transmembrane transporter’ were highly responsive to salt. mRNA quantification validated the elevated protein abundances of a monosaccharide transporter and a VAMP-like antiporter in the salt-tolerant genotype. The importance of these two proteins was confirmed by measuring growth responses to salt in two yeast mutants in which genes homologous to those encoding these two proteins in rice had been knocked out. This study provided insights into physiological and molecular mechanisms of salinity responses in Australian native rice species.

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Crouch, James A. M. "Towed array performance in the littoral waters of Northern Australia." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9082.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
The goal of this research was to investigate the performance of low frequency passive sonars in the Arafura Sea. Sound speed profiles representative of the wet and dry monsoon seasons and geoacoustic data were inputted into a finite element primitive equation transmission loss model to model the expected propagation at three frequencies, 10, 50 and 300 Hz. Initial detection ranges for several source/receiver depth combinations and geoacoustic areas (deep/ shallow water) were compared and evaluated. Results demonstrate that low frequency ( -10 Hz) detection ranges suffer due to cutoff frequency problems and to surface-decoupling loss. Propagation in deep water has the added disadvantage of excessive loss of signal power due to spherical spreading considerations. Conversely, higher frequencies (300 Hz) provided extended detection ranges in shallow water due to trapping of energy within the entire 50 m to 100 m water column. Additionally, investigation into advantages to be gained through advanced signal processing techniques shows that improvements of the order of 10 to 15 dB of detection gain are possible through the utilization of inverse beamforming.

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Ghaleb, Barbara. "An ethnoarchaeological study of Mabuiag Island, Torres Strait, Northern Australia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245190.

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Simard, Candide. "The prosodic contours of Jaminjung, a language of northern Australia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-prosodic-contours-of-jaminjung-a-language-of-northern-australia(92bf490a-9844-415b-afd6-52d6ca5667b4).html.

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This thesis is a description of the prosodic patterns in Jaminjung, a language spoken in the Victoria River District in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is a quantitative and qualitative examination of the features associated with the intonational phenomena in Jaminjung. It is based on the idea that, while some aspects of prosody may be universal, each language has its unique characteristics. In this study I will make use of the PENTA model of intonation, a recent development that places communicative functions and articulatory constraints at the core of prosody, thus providing a clear explanation of prosodic phenomena, linking phonetics to semantics. The analyses are based on carefully selected representative tokens of the speech used in specific communicative situations by the Jaminjung speakers from recordings of spontaneous speech. The features associated with the grouping function, that is, in the demarcation or organization of a string of words (or rather syllables) into chunks, are examined. Four main prosodic constituents are recognized: the prosodic word, the phrasal constituent, the intonation unit, and the prosodic sentence. They are distinguished at their left boundaries by pitch resets which increase from unit to unit. The larger constituents are cued at the right edge with F0 lowering and syllable lengthening, cues associated with finality in many languages. The encoding parameters of some major information structural categories, topic and focus and contrast are investigated. A prominence is usually perceived on the first syllable in the focus domain. A [fall] pitch target is associated with this syllable; it is also marked by wider pitch excursions and longer durations. Topics, for their part, are marked by a [high] target on their initial syllables. The prosodic encoding of topics follows a scale of 'givenness', where more given topics are less marked than less given topics. Contrast in focused arguments and topics is encoded with a [fall] target on the initial syllable and thus share this feature with focus, but they also display a wider pitch excursion on all the syllables. This last feature marks contrast as an independent information structure category from focus and topic. Declaratives, interrogatives and imperatives sentences are all predominantly uttered with a falling contour, however, they are clearly differentiated by pitch register - declaratives use lower reaches, imperatives higher reaches, and interrogatives somewhere in between.

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Gabriele-Rivet, Vanessa. "Potential spread of rabies in dingo populations of northern Australia." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24319.

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Australia is free from canine rabies. The spread of the disease in Indonesia has increased the risk of rabies incursion in northern Australia. Remote Indigenous communities, such as those in the Northern Peninsula Area (NPA), contain large populations of free-roaming domestic dogs surrounded by dingo populations, creating optimal conditions for rabies establishment. A cross-sectional survey of NPA hunters revealed that hunting practices using domestic dogs create opportunities for dingo-dog interactions. Dingo purity analyses on scats of canine origin collected in the NPA region demonstrated that dingoes visit areas around the communities, increasing the likelihood of contact with roaming domestic dogs. A scoping review on the ecology of dingoes identified density, home range size and contacts between dingoes, three key ecological parameters for disease spread modelling, as major research gaps especially in northern Australia. Dingo population density and home range size in the NPA were estimated from spatially explicit mark-resight models based on data from a one-year camera-trap study. This study also revealed a substantial temporal overlap and spatial correlation in activity between dingoes and domestic dogs, further supporting the likelihood for disease spread at the wild-domestic interface. A novel spatial stochastic rabies spread model, which incorporated field-derived dingo ecological parameters and landscape heterogeneity specific to the NPA, predicted a high probability (59%) of spread to other packs following the introduction of the disease into the dingo population from a roaming or hunting domestic dog. Outbreaks were generally larger when rabies was introduced during the dry season and in areas around the communities. Overall, this research provides compelling evidence of the importance of improving Australia’s preparedness for a potential rabies incursion in high-risk areas, to prevent serious consequences in remote Indigenous communities.

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Choquenot, David, and n/a. "Feral donkeys in northern Australia : population dynamics and the cost of control." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.145306.

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(1) Rate of increase was measured for feral donkey populations in parts of northern Australia as the average exponential rate of increase, r, in a population subjected to substantial reduction. (2) The annual rate of increase was estimated to be r = 0.21. This estimate was compared with the exponential rate of increase in another recovering donkey population and found to be in close agreement. (3) Ultimate and proximate factors regulating the abundance of feral donkey populations were examined by monitoring and sampling two populations; one at or close to equilibrium density, the other below equilibrium density and recovering from reduction. (4) The size of the population at equilibrium density remained stable over the 12 months of monitoring while the size of the recovering population increased by 20 percent (r = 0.18/yr). (5) Growth and body condition were significantly depressed in the population at equilibrium density suggesting that donkey populations are limited by the food resources available to them. (6) Breeding occured over a discrete season, with births occurring between September and February. 11 (7) Fecundity was high, with more than 75 percent of mature females breeding in each year, and was independent of population density. (8) Adult and juvenile mortality were density dependent, with mortality over the first six months of life the most important demographic factor influencing rate of increase in donkey populations, and hence population abundance. (9) Implications of the estimated rate of population increase for the cost of long-term control of feral donkey populations were examined by constructing numerical models predicting the relative cost of ongoing control. (10) These models were constructed using functions to describe density dependent variation in population productivity and the cost per donkey removed. (11) The cost of removing donkeys at various population densities was estimated using predator-prey theory. The cost, measured in hours of helicopter time per removal, was found theoretically and empirically to take the form of an inverted functional response curve, with cost saturated at high donkey densities. (12) The utility of models predicting the cost of continuing pest control is illustrated by comparing the relative costs of two potential strategies for feral donkey control.

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Walsh, Richard John. "Catastrophic flood geomorphology of two bedrock gorges in the Northern Territory, Australia." Thesis, University of Wollongong, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/281507.

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Koolpin and Jim Jim Gorges are narrow, bedrock channels developed in resistant sandstone of the Arnhem Land Plateau, Northern Territory. The tropical monsoonal climate results in rare flood events of great magnitude. Peak flow-rate estimations from rainfall of variable recurrence intervals, step-backwater flow-modelling, empirically derived boulder-transport equations and the use of fine-grained slackwater accumulations, as palaeodischarge indicators, allow quantitative estimates to be made of the magnitude of the most geomorphically -significant flows. For events with an average recurrence interval of 100, 1000 years and the maximum probable flood-discharge that the gorges experience range from approximately 2000m3Is to 6500m3Is. Channel velocities, unit stream power and bed shear-stress are also high. Additional indicators of intense flow are the presence of potholes and flutes on bedrock surfaces. The boulder fields found within these gorges provide a means of energy dissipation and their location corresponds with reductions in unit stream power within the reaches. This relationship appears to represent a self-regulation system similar to the pool-riffle sequence in alluvial channels. It is probable that the geomorphology of these gorges is deformable on the time scale of extreme events

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Dewar, Mickey. "Strange bedfellows : Europeans and Aborigines in Arnhem land before World War II." Master's thesis, University of New England, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/274469.

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I first arrived in Arnhem Land in November 1980 as a trainee teacher determined to seek adventure having recently finished a BA (Hons) degree in History at Melbourne. I returned in January of the following year to take up a position as teacher to post-primary girls at Milingiinbi Bilingual School.

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Fried, Ofra. "Cross cultural issues in the medical management and nursing care of terminally ill Aboriginal people in Central Australia." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24340.

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This research documents, for the first time, the experiences of non-Aboriginal primary health workers caring for terminally ill Aboriginal patients in Central Australia. Despite the high mortality amongst Aboriginal Territorians, issues around terminal illness, death and bereavement have been little studied. The area is sensitive in both cultural and human terms. Many clients of the local health care services are Aboriginal people whereas most nurses and doctors are non-Aboriginal. Their clinical interactions are inherently cross cultural and are additionally influenced by several sequelae of Australian colonial history, including socioeconomic and status disparity between participants and entrenched discriminatory attitudes and practices. The study was approached from the perspective of the new public health, informed by the philosophy of contemporary palliative care and aimed to contribute to the development of a culturally safe practice for the care of terminally ill Aboriginal people. Data was collected using a qualitative method of serial interviews with a representative sample of primary health care workers with an Aboriginal clientele. The study found that cultural factors were important determinants of good health care communication, the making of appropriate end-of-life care decisions and the provision of quality case management and bereavement support. Significant cultural issues for achieving a “good death” included recognition of the wish of many Aboriginal people to die on their own country and of the value of the Aboriginal kinship system for enabling care decisions and providing care. To date however, these have had little formal impact on the design or delivery of health care services for terminally ill Aboriginal people in Central Australia. Nurses and doctors interviewed for this study considered Aboriginal patients’ access to quality health care during a terminal illness to be inadequate and inequitable. The difficulties of providing health care in remote areas impacted disproportionately on Aboriginal clients. Their treatment options were limited by their poverty and by institutional policies determining the availability of resources. Cultural and language mis-communication between Aboriginal clients and non-Aboriginal health professionals impaired the process of decision making and the delivery of care. The hegemony of the majority culture and its health care institutions disempowered Aboriginal clients while entrenched discriminatory social attitudes perpetuated inequitable practices. Specific service gaps were identified in the availability of interpreter services, transportation, respite care, domiciliary nursing and bereavement support. The wider care network, including hospitals, nursing homes, multidisciplinary health care providers, and the transport needed for remote clients to access these, was inequitably available and insufficiently accommodating of Aboriginal cultural needs. The existing palliative care services employed no Aboriginal staff. Improving care will therefore require a range of institutional and societal responses, including addressing service gaps, providing practical responses to cultural aspects of service provision, and continuing to work towards reconciliation. A major deficit was found in the training and support available to practitioners caring for terminally ill Aboriginal people. Addressing this requires a policy shift by health care institutions. The most useful training interventions included directing non-Aboriginal workers toward local sources of cultural information, dispelling myths and stereotyping and assisting in exploring ethical issues arising from cross cultural conflict. Practitioners also needed support both in analysing difficult care situations so as to arrive at practical management solutions and in debriefing their emotional responses. This would reduce the stress of providing cross cultural terminal care and improve service delivery. Palliative care in Central Australia can only be developed with input from both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants. It cannot be progressed without the guidance and support of Aboriginal workers and community members, which requires Aboriginal empowerment at all levels of planning and decision making. This reflection on the nature of cross cultural terminal care, from the viewpoint of professionals within the majority culture, will contribute to the development of a culturally safe practice for working with Aboriginal colleagues and clients.

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17

Jaross, Nandor. "Diabetic retinopathy in the Katherine region of the Northern Territory." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj376.pdf.

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"January 2003." Bibliography: 10.1-10.11 leaves. This thesis presents results from the Katherine Region Diabetic Retinopathy Study (1993-1996). These results provide the first detailed information on the basic epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy and impaired vision in an Aboriginal diabetic population.

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18

Huston, Matthew. "The kinematic evolution of the northern Mt. Painter Inlier, South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbh971.pdf.

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19

Campbell, Genevieve. "Ngarukuruwala - we sing: the songs of the Tiwi Islands, Northern Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10520.

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Through an analysis of Tiwi song composition techniques and comparison between performances recorded over the last hundred years, I give, for the first time in the literature, a comprehensive musical description of the Tiwi song repertory, showing that while it is primarily based on innovation, it forms a continuum of oral tradition, relying upon the acquisition of complex musical, linguistic and poetic composition skills. I place the Tiwi initiation ceremony, Kulama, as the centre-point of song creativity and instruction and suggest that its near-disappearance, along with social and linguistic change, have put the future of Tiwi extemporised song practice in jeopardy. The framework for this study is the repatriation to the Tiwi community of ethnographic field–recordings of Tiwi songs, made between 1912 and 1981, archived at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) in Canberra. Drawing from the corpus of approximately 1300 recorded song items, I find that the fundamentally contemporary, topical and current nature of the Tiwi song culture has resulted in a rich social, cultural and historical oral record being preserved amongst the song texts. Documenting the physical, emotional and artistic journeys of a particular group of elders who travelled to Canberra to reclaim the recordings, I recount some of the outcomes of the reclamation and I discuss the impact the recordings’ return is having on the current performance practice, the future of song knowledge transmission and the future of improvisatory composition skills. In the context of Ngarukuruwala- we sing songs, a collaborative music project involving a group of song-women from the Tiwi Islands and jazz musicians from Sydney, I also report on new music projects instigated by a group of Tiwi women who are working to maintain and develop song and language skills in young Tiwi people, negotiating new forms of music while maintaining Tiwi song traditions.

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20

Brady, James P. "Heavy metals in the sediments of Northern Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/89686/6/89686%28thesis%29.pdf.

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This project was the first comprehensive assessment of heavy metals to be conducted in the sediments of Northern Moreton Bay since the 1970s and found that shipping and shipping related activities contributed significantly to the level of sediment contamination in the area. The study was also used to develop and test new methods of assessing heavy metal sediment quality.

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21

Swijghuisen, Reigersberg Muriel E. "Choral singing and the construction of Australian Aboriginal identities : an applied ethnomusicological study in Hopevale, Northern Queensland, Australia." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2008. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/choral-singing-and-the-construction-of-australian-aboriginal-identities(2c7db4a0-7884-49c8-a02e-0c41595a04b9).html.

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This thesis examines the effects that choral singing can have on the construction of Australian Aboriginal identities. The research is based on outcomes of an applied ethnomusicological project undertaken in the Lutheran Australian Aboriginal community of Hopevale, Northern Queensland Australia between September 2004 and June 2005. The project methodology used was participatory action research (PAR). I facilitated the Hopevale Community Choir to promote local wellbeing. The theoretical basis underpinning this approach is outlined in chapter one. Chapter two looks at the practicalities of the applied methodology and how I developed an ethnographically informed approach to choral facilitation. In the third chapter I use choir members’ biographies to investigate how choral singing influenced the lives of individual singers. Here I describe Hopevalian performance aesthetics based on the concept of ‘communal individuality’ where individual performers are seen as being as important as the choir as a whole. Chapter four, five and six discuss the influences of Australian social history and local Hopevalian history on the construction of identities. Chapter four presents the nonlocalised meta-theory related to constructs of Aboriginality. Chapters five and six examine localised, context-specific Hopevalian history and historiography and its impact on constructs of Hopevalian identity. In chapter six I show how hymnody was used in Hopevale during missionisation to influence local identities. In chapter seven I describe the choir’s four-day tour through Northern Queensland. I use the tour to further examine the relationship between Aboriginality, spirituality, tourism and wellbeing in relation to choral singing. The conclusion functions as an evaluation and summary of the applied project. It assesses the implications of the research outcomes and offers suggestions for future research. Throughout this thesis there is an emphasis on Aboriginal diversity, a concern for ‘voice’ in the construction of ethnography and advocacy for Aboriginal rights.

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22

Moros, León Josè Saul. "Reservoir geometry and architecture in Ordovican fluvio-marine sandstones : P3B unit, Pacoota formation, Amadeus Basin, Central Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37017/1/37017_Moros%20Leon_1998_v1.pdf.

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Detailed facies analysis and sequence stratigraphic principles applied to outcrop and subsurface data have aided in the development of a reservoir geological model for the Pacoota P3B Unit at the Mereenie Field, Central Australia. Mereenie is a linear Northwest/southeast trending oil and gas field 4 km wide and 35 km long, and covers an area of approximately 130 km2. In this field, oil and gas are produced from some of the oldest known petroleum reservoirs in the word: reservoirs approximately 500Ma. The Ordovician Pacoota P3B Unit, is part of an overall transgressive succession which records the transition from non-marine to marine environments in the northeastern margin of the Amadeus Basin. This transgression was punctuated by episodic events of rapid sea level rise and periods of sea level fall. The resulting vertical succession consists of three Fourth-order deltaic sequences formed by the regular alternation of sand-prone, non-marine sediments with marine mud/sand-prone deposits that prograded northeast as the basin subsided. Unlike previous investigations, this study recognizes four distinct types of sandstone facies associations within the broad braid delta system that characterizes the Pacoota P3B Unit. Facies Association 1 records the depositional characteristics of a distal braid plain that was dominated by episodic sheetflood events. Facies Association 2 reflects a sudden change in fluvial style from fine-grained sheetflood lobes to a coarse to pebbly-grained braid-delta system during a short-lived regressive phase. With time, this basal braid-delta system evolved into a tide-influenced braid plain indicating a transgressive phase. Facies Association 3 records the abrupt change from fluvial to tidal processes. This association is interpreted as the product of a tide-dominated delta front that prograded northeast. The palaeoenvironment of Facies Association 4 is interpreted as the fill of a wide incised fluvial valley system, which marked the end of fluvial sedimentation at the margin of the Amadeus Basin during the Ordovician. This association is capped by the transgressive marine deposits of the Pacoota P3A Unit. These four facies associations represent a complex network of depositional environments that results from the deposition of superimposed sandy, deltaic systems affected by tidal currents. The vertical facies evolution is punctuated by erosional sequence boundaries. The development of a detailed stratigraphic framework allows the Pacoota P3B Unit to be subdivided into five correlative intervals that define reservoir compartments in the Mereenie Field. These reservoir compartments are bounded by key stratigraphic surfaces and represent the lowstand (LST), transgressive (I'ST) and highstand (HST) systems tracts of the Fourth-order sequences defined within the P3B Unit. Maximum reservoir quality is associated with amalgamated fluvial sandstones that define the LST of each sequence. Marginal to impermeable reservoir characteristics occur within the tidally-influenced TST and HST. From base to top reservoir intervals are: P3-250, P3-230, P3-190, P3-150 and P3-120/130. Of these, the lowstand P3-120/130, P3-230 and P3-250 Reservoir Intervals are the most prolific producers. The transgressive to highstand P3-150 and P3-190 Reservoir Intervals are considered as not economically profitable for hydrocarbon exploitation. Petrophysical characterization of lithofacies types observed in the succession indicate that within each compartment, depositional facies exert the primary control on reservoir properties. Flow units are associated with tabular, cross-bedded sandstones. Permeability barriers are associated with bidirectional cross-beds, parallellaminated sandstones, soft-sediment deformed sandstones and bioturbated beds. During transgression the upper part of the lowstand fluvial system was sheared off resulting in a transgressive surface capping the fluvial deposits. Reworked fluvial sediments were redeposited as reversing tidal flows above the lowstand intervals. These deposits, interpreted as neap-spring tidal cycles, consist of alternating sand and silt/mud and bioturbated beds. In this setting, intense bioturbation generate sediment mixing destroying the reservoir properties of this interval. Additionally the areally continuous and impermeable silt/shale intervals of the tidal deposits contributed to the vertical barriers to flow in the reservoir. This study illustrates how facies analysis and high resolution sequence stratigraphy can be applied to improve reservoir characterization in fluvio-marine successions deposited before the existence of land vegetation. In the Mereenie Field, these concepts have been successfully applied to: i) recognize with confidence all correlative reservoir intervals and ·ii) identify, orientate and map the LST of the Fourth-order sequences which represent the major reservoir intervals of the P3B Unit.

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23

Hoffmann, Madonna Bridget, and Madonna hoffman@dpi qld gov au. "Application of tree and stand allometrics to the determination of biomass and its flux in some north-east Australian woodlands." Central Queensland University. Biological and Environmental Sciences, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070525.144254.

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This thesis examines the effects of species, rainfall and soil type on tree biomass regressions, as well as the effects of stand dominance and structure on stand biomass regressions in north-east Australian woodlands. This was achieved by examining tree characteristics and biomass relationships for a series of woodland monitoring sites throughout the study area. This study utilised a modified data set from this permanent monitoring site network to provide structural attributes for trees and communities of varying composition in the grazed woodlands. These data were supplemented with environmental data and tree harvest data sets. Initially, the research reported in this thesis developed allometric and stand biomass regressions for Callitris glaucophylla communities. This research also demonstrated that changes in tree-form were not reflected in changes in the environment, nor did such changes reflect changes in tree biomass regressions for three eucalypt species. As a result, a common regression provides a robust estimate of total aboveground biomass of eucalypt trees in the study area. Thus expensive destructive harvesting can generally be avoided for minor eucalypt species. Finally, this study demonstrated a successful methodology that described the stand structure of all the grazed woodland sites based on tree heights. This methodology was developed to allow the expansion of a single stand regression to estimate stand biomass across the entire north-east Australian woodlands. The findings demonstrated in this study, combined with the long-term data from the permanent monitoring network sites, should enhance the estimation of carbon flux within eucalypt communities of north-east Australias grazed woodlands.

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24

Rozanna, Lilley. "Paperbark people, paperbark country : gender relations, past and present, amongst the Kungarakany of the Northern Territory." Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/275607.

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Not having the feeling of presenting a clearly identifiable product, I will explain some of the basic impressions that motivated this thesis, point out the targets it is aimed at, the polemics it engages in or opens and indicate something of the design of the work.

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25

com, kcandy@bigpond, and Katherine Candy. "Mapping Fire Affected Areas in Northern Western Australia: Towards an Automatic Approach." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20041104.103920.

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Wildfires across northern Australia are a growing problem with more than 2.5 million hectares being burnt each year. Accordingly, remote sensing has been used as a tool to routinely monitor and map fire histories. In northern Western Australia, the Department of Land Information Satellite Remote Sensing Services (DLI SRSS) has been responsible for providing and interpreting NOAA-AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. SRSS staff utilise this data to automatically map hotspots on a daily basis, and manually map fire affected areas (FAA) every nine days. This information is then passed on to land managers to enhance their ability to manage the effects of fire and assess its impact over time. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for the near real-time automatic mapping of FAA in the Kimberley and Pilbara as an alternative to the currently used semimanual approach. Daily measures of temperature, surface reflectance and vegetation indices from twenty nine NOAA-16 (2001) passes were investigated. It was firstly necessary to apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections to the raw reflectance data to account for the variation caused by changing viewing and illumination geometry over a cycle. Findings from the four case studies indicate that case studies 1 and 2 exhibited a typical fire response (visible and near-infrared channels and vegetation indices decreased), whereas 3 and 4 displayed an atypical response (visible channel increased while the near-infrared channel and vegetation indices decreased). Alternative vegetation indices such as GEMI, GEMI3 and VI3 outperformed NDVI in some cases. Likewise atmospheric and BRDF corrected NDVI provided better performance in separating burnt and unburnt classes. The difficulties in quantifying FAA due to temporal and spatial variation result from numerous factors including vegetation type, fire intensity, rate of ash and charcoal dispersal due to wind and rain, background soil influence and rate of revegetation. In this study two different spectral responses were recorded, indicating the need to set at least two sets of thresholds in an automated or semi-automated classification algorithm. It also highlighted the necessity of atmospheric and BRDF corrections. It is therefore recommended that future research apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections at the pre-processing stage prior to analysis when utilising a temporal series of NOAAAVHRR data. Secondly, it is necessary to investigate additional FAA within the four biogeographic regions to enable thresholds to be set in order to develop an algorithm. This algorithm must take into account the variation in a fires spectral response which may result from fire intensity, vegetation type, background soil influence or climatic factors.

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26

Slade, John V. "Metamorphism of a northern segment of the Mount Painter Inlier, South Australia /." Adelaide, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs631.pdf.

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27

Howey, Kirsty. "'Normalising' what? Aboriginal land tenure reform in the Northern Territory of Australia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42992.

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This thesis examines recent Aboriginal land tenure reform in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Commonwealth and Northern Territory governments have introduced three reforms since 2006: Township Leases, 5-year Intervention Leases and 40-year Housing Leases. Each of the reforms provides for the grant of a “head-lease” on land owned under the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth) to a government entity, which then has the power to issue sub-leases to Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal persons. Scholars have tended to focus attention on the first two reforms, the Township Leases and the 5-year Intervention Leases, and the extent to which they have been successful or otherwise in achieving their policy objectives. Scholars have also tended to interpret one policy objective associated with all three reforms – the so-called “normalisation” of Aboriginal communities – as having a static meaning, often criticising it as a return to the Northern Territory’s colonial past. This thesis takes a different approach, attempting to examine the legal structure of all three reforms as part of wider discourse surrounding Aboriginal land tenure reform in the Northern Territory. I first analyse the legal structure of the reforms as evidenced in legislation and policy documentation, and then qualitatively examine the meaning of the term “normalise” in parliamentary hansard. My analysis reveals that the meaning of the word “normalise” has shifted since the first reform was introduced, and this change has been reflected by a parallel change in the legal structure of the reforms. The first two reforms (Township Leases and 5-year Intervention Leases) exhibit some parallels with the Northern Territory’s colonial property regime. However, the 40-year Housing Leases do not appear to possess the same characteristics and in fact may result in traditional Aboriginal owners of land in the Northern Territory exercising greater legal and economic control over their land.

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28

Candy, Katherine. "Mapping fire affected areas in northern Western Australia - towards an automatic approach." Thesis, Candy, Katherine (2004) Mapping fire affected areas in northern Western Australia - towards an automatic approach. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/500/.

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Wildfires across northern Australia are a growing problem with more than 2.5 million hectares being burnt each year. Accordingly, remote sensing has been used as a tool to routinely monitor and map fire histories. In northern Western Australia, the Department of Land Information Satellite Remote Sensing Services (DLI SRSS) has been responsible for providing and interpreting NOAA-AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. SRSS staff utilise this data to automatically map hotspots on a daily basis, and manually map fire affected areas (FAA) every nine days. This information is then passed on to land managers to enhance their ability to manage the effects of fire and assess its impact over time. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for the near real-time automatic mapping of FAA in the Kimberley and Pilbara as an alternative to the currently used semimanual approach. Daily measures of temperature, surface reflectance and vegetation indices from twenty nine NOAA-16 (2001) passes were investigated. It was firstly necessary to apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections to the raw reflectance data to account for the variation caused by changing viewing and illumination geometry over a cycle. Findings from the four case studies indicate that case studies 1 and 2 exhibited a typical fire response (visible and near-infrared channels and vegetation indices decreased), whereas 3 and 4 displayed an atypical response (visible channel increased while the near-infrared channel and vegetation indices decreased). Alternative vegetation indices such as GEMI, GEMI3 and VI3 outperformed NDVI in some cases. Likewise atmospheric and BRDF corrected NDVI provided better performance in separating burnt and unburnt classes. The difficulties in quantifying FAA due to temporal and spatial variation result from numerous factors including vegetation type, fire intensity, rate of ash and charcoal dispersal due to wind and rain, background soil influence and rate of revegetation. In this study two different spectral responses were recorded, indicating the need to set at least two sets of thresholds in an automated or semi-automated classification algorithm. It also highlighted the necessity of atmospheric and BRDF corrections. It is therefore recommended that future research apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections at the pre-processing stage prior to analysis when utilising a temporal series of NOAAAVHRR data. Secondly, it is necessary to investigate additional FAA within the four biogeographic regions to enable thresholds to be set in order to develop an algorithm. This algorithm must take into account the variation in a fire's spectral response which may result from fire intensity, vegetation type, background soil influence or climatic factors.

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29

Candy, Katherine. "Mapping fire affected areas in northern Western Australia - towards an automatic approach." Candy, Katherine (2004) Mapping fire affected areas in northern Western Australia - towards an automatic approach. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/500/.

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Wildfires across northern Australia are a growing problem with more than 2.5 million hectares being burnt each year. Accordingly, remote sensing has been used as a tool to routinely monitor and map fire histories. In northern Western Australia, the Department of Land Information Satellite Remote Sensing Services (DLI SRSS) has been responsible for providing and interpreting NOAA-AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data. SRSS staff utilise this data to automatically map hotspots on a daily basis, and manually map fire affected areas (FAA) every nine days. This information is then passed on to land managers to enhance their ability to manage the effects of fire and assess its impact over time. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for the near real-time automatic mapping of FAA in the Kimberley and Pilbara as an alternative to the currently used semimanual approach. Daily measures of temperature, surface reflectance and vegetation indices from twenty nine NOAA-16 (2001) passes were investigated. It was firstly necessary to apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections to the raw reflectance data to account for the variation caused by changing viewing and illumination geometry over a cycle. Findings from the four case studies indicate that case studies 1 and 2 exhibited a typical fire response (visible and near-infrared channels and vegetation indices decreased), whereas 3 and 4 displayed an atypical response (visible channel increased while the near-infrared channel and vegetation indices decreased). Alternative vegetation indices such as GEMI, GEMI3 and VI3 outperformed NDVI in some cases. Likewise atmospheric and BRDF corrected NDVI provided better performance in separating burnt and unburnt classes. The difficulties in quantifying FAA due to temporal and spatial variation result from numerous factors including vegetation type, fire intensity, rate of ash and charcoal dispersal due to wind and rain, background soil influence and rate of revegetation. In this study two different spectral responses were recorded, indicating the need to set at least two sets of thresholds in an automated or semi-automated classification algorithm. It also highlighted the necessity of atmospheric and BRDF corrections. It is therefore recommended that future research apply atmospheric and BRDF corrections at the pre-processing stage prior to analysis when utilising a temporal series of NOAAAVHRR data. Secondly, it is necessary to investigate additional FAA within the four biogeographic regions to enable thresholds to be set in order to develop an algorithm. This algorithm must take into account the variation in a fire's spectral response which may result from fire intensity, vegetation type, background soil influence or climatic factors.

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30

McHarg, Sam. "Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Dampier Sub-basin, Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70560.

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The complex interaction of Mesozoic fault orientation and basin scale features of the segmented Lewis Trough and en echelon Rankin Fault Zone suggest oblique reactivation of Carboniferous and Permian aged faults, somewhat at odds with the general perception of NW oriented extension associated with separation of Argoland from the NW shelf at this time. Mesozoic fault patterns observed suggest prolonged extension initiating in the Rhaetian, under an E-W oriented extensional regime.

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31

Fong, Natalie L. "Chinese Merchants in the Northern Territory, 1880-1950: A translocal case study." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/410942.

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This thesis examines a leading group of Chinese merchants (those engaged in overseas trade) and their families who operated businesses in the Northern Territory (‘the Territory’) during the period 1880-1950. This study emphasises the benefits of a translocal approach to understanding the interrelationships of race, class, and gender in this history. But it also provides a framework for investigating the interrelationships of Chinese people in Darwin, of Chinese and Aboriginal people, and of Chinese people in different locations in Australia and overseas. I argue that Chinese merchants and their families based in particular locations should be studied in relation to each other and thus comparatively and transnationally to better understand their various contributions to local, national and international histories. Darwin is one such illuminating example. The Chinese merchants in the Territory are a dynamic and underinvestigated case study in this regard due to several compelling factors. The ongoing presence of Chinese in the Territory spanned a tumultuous era in the Territory and Australia’s path to nationhood: the discovery of gold in the Territory in the 1870s; the advent of the telegraph line, railway and international steamship companies; anti-Chinese sentiment in Australian colonies and overseas in the 1880s; Federation and the infamous Immigration Restriction Act in 1901; the passing of the Territory from South Australian to Commonwealth administration in 1911, and World Wars One and Two. Darwin occupied a pivotal position in Australia’s battle with Japan during World War Two. Moreover, the Territory, together with the northern regions of Western Australia and Queensland, featured in race debates and anti- Chinese rhetoric surrounding Federation. These regions posed a dilemma for Australian colonial then federal governments regarding the need for labour to develop the north without compromising the vision of a ‘White Australia’. Until 1888, the Territory was an ‘open door’ to Chinese immigration. Furthermore, the Territory’s dominant Chinese population affords a manageable but revealing in-depth historical analysis of a microcosm of Chinese of various dialect groups, classes, and occupations. As will be shown, this microcosm was organised and directed by a group of Darwin-based merchants. Darwin was a key node for European and Chinese merchants in the circulation of goods and people, aided by steamships and the telegraph. The tropical climate and challenging terrain prompted authorities to work with Chinese merchants to import labour. Chinese merchants established businesses in the Territory; some had transnational business networks, sometimes in conjunction with Chinese merchants in other parts of Australia, that contributed to economies beyond Australia to the Asia-Pacific. In contrast to mainstream assumptions about the marginalisation of Asians in ‘White Australia’, I demonstrate that in the Territory, Chinese merchants and their families experienced a degree of respect and acceptance from European political and business elites as leaders and representatives of the Chinese. They were also part of the Territory’s complication of global histories of race through the triangulation of European-Chinese-Aboriginal relations. These relations were policed by government regulations but afforded Chinese merchants elevated social status over other Chinese and over Aboriginal people, some of whom were employed by Chinese merchants, a practice later prohibited by law. The considerable political activism of the Territory Chinese leaders on behalf of the Territory Chinese against anti-Asian discrimination is also highlighted in this case study. The economic competitiveness of the Chinese merchants in the Territory was a major factor in the formation of an anti- Chinese faction of European businessmen in the Territory. This faction campaigned for national immigration restrictions in the lead-up to the passing of similar Chinese immigration restrictions by Australian colonies in 1888 and during the formulation of the 1901 federal Immigration Restriction Act. Territory Chinese merchants actively protested these and other ‘White Australia’ policies, producing valuable records of Chinese voices. These records also provide evidence of European support for the Chinese, an aspect of history rarely discussed then or since. My investigation of this aspect of European-Chinese relations places it in critical relationship to the interplay of issues such as the politics of citizenship, the economic agendas of governments and interpersonal exchanges ‘on the ground’. Finally, this case study contributes to another important and developing field of research – the history of Chinese women in Australia. Underused archival sources disclose numerous examples of Territory Chinese women from merchant families who became involved in business despite Australian and Chinese gender norms that restricted women’s activity. Two women who will be profiled in this study even self-identified as merchants. This translocal study of the Chinese merchants of the Territory adds considerably to our understanding of the history of the Territory, of the development of Australian nationhood, and of transnational political, economic and social histories. It is also a study of personal significance in exploring the experiences of my ancestors as the first generation to migrate to Australia. Additionally, being a descendant of one of the merchants and one of the remarkable merchants’ wives presented in this study has given me access to family archives which have been invaluable to my research.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc
Arts, Education and Law
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32

Martinez, Julia. "Racism in the Northern Territory [manuscript] : the attitudes of administrators, pastoralists and unionists to Aborigines employed in the cattle industry during the Depression, 1929-1934." Thesis, The University of Wollongong, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/276260.

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This thesis investigates the racism exhibited by Administrators, Pastoralists and Trade Unionists towards Aborigines employed in the Northern Territory cattle industry during the Depression years, 1929 to 1934. Their racism is examined within the framework of sociological and historical theories of racism. An historical evolution of racism is outlined, showing that from Colonial history emerged Colonial racism, which regarded 'natives' as an inferior race destined to serve as a cheap source of labour for European colonists. This racism occurred in two main forms: as a 'primitive' and violent racism; and as a 'civilised', paternalistic racism. The development of nationalism coincided with the rise of a Nationalistic racism which defined the nation as an homogeneous people, excluding all others as inherently inferior. As the colonial era drew to an end, and colonial 'natives' began to immigrate to Europe, their position within the modern nation-states became problematic. Where they continued to be regarded as a source of cheap labour, their exploitation provoked a racist reaction from the working class, referred to as Migrant Labour racism or Competitive racism. This thesis argues that European racism in the Northern Territory can only be fully understood if we consider that each of these forms of racism existed simultaneously. This historical anomaly saw the merging of a dependent colonial frontier with a modern nation-state, and the racist attitudes of the Europeans reflect this situation. The Administrators legitimised their racism with arguments of Social Darwinism while seeking to promote Nationalistic racism. Economic considerations, however, made the arguments of Colonial racism appear attractive. The Pastoralists exhibited Colonial racism in all its forms, both primitive and paternalistic. In their official dealings, they also utilised arguments of Nationalistic and Scientific racism. The Unionists exhibited a Competitive racism which was tempered by left-wing influences which advocated an end to racial discrimination as the only solution to Aboriginal competition. In each group, the manifestations of racism were complex and varied, revealing that racist ideology w as inextricably linked with social, economic and political considerations.

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Fry, Gary Frederick. "Indigeneity as a foundation for patterned Northern Territory remote Aboriginal student achievement within a stratified western education system." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23026.

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Over the past decade, national testing in literacy and numeracy for primary and junior secondary education reveals NT remote Aboriginal children have consistently performed at a much lower level than all other groups across Australia. This performance is situated within a broader and stratified education system, of which ongoing education reforms have failed to address. This entrenched pattern by wealth has NT remote Aboriginal students located at the bottom of this layering, underpinned by an Aboriginal racial identity as a defining characteristic. For NT remote Aboriginal families this layering is bound within a deepened embeddedness of racism, interacting with an economic ordering that has relegated NT remote Aboriginal families to a life of socially–constructed marginalisation, on their own lands. This study applies Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a primary tool of analysis, Aboriginalising its tenets to respond to the unique narrative of NT Aboriginal education. Drawing on research with remote North Australia Aboriginal principals (head teachers), Aboriginal communities and educators, critical race methodology is used to explore the intersecting roles of colonial history, ‘race’ and wealth inequality in the construction and deployment of NT remote Aboriginal education inequality. This investigation privileges the voices and Stories of Northern Territory remote Aboriginal families, strengthened through my lived Aboriginal experience of 25 years employment as a teacher and senior education administrator in Northern Territory urban and remote communities. In this study, the CRT tenet of interest convergence/interest divergence is utilised alongside Indigenous CRT frameworks. Underpinning this study, a form of NT remote Aboriginal social capitalism is shown to be at the epicentre of a progressive NT remote Aboriginal education policy architecture, wrapped around Indigeneity and its existential dimensions, as a foundation to improving the pattern of NT remote Aboriginal education performance.

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Meakin, Simone. "Palynological analysis of the Clinton Coal Measures, northern St. Vincent Basin, South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbm481.pdf.

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Hardman, Tristam Samuel. "Microfabrics and geochemistry of Holcene Halimeda bank sediments, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389393.

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Ogasawara, Masatsugu. "Petrology of early Proterozoic granitoids in the Halls Creek mobile zone, northern Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho34.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology & Geophysics, 1997.
Errata pasted onto front end paper. Two folded maps in pocket on back cover. Four microfiches in pocket on back cover. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 251-289).

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37

Luxton, Sarah Jayne. "Modelling refugia for improved conservation outcomes in the northern jarrah forest, southwestern Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84066.

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Elkhateeb, Abdelrahman Aly Ahmed. "Integrated Formation Evaluation Study in Cliff Head Field, Northern Perth Basin, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/87725.

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A new technique was implemented to unlock the reservoir characterisation in complex reservoirs. Integration between the conventional density log and the NMR free fluid index has been carried out, through which a high-resolution electrofacies have been classified using a new technique, named the Equivalent Flow Zone Indicator (EFZI). Further, the permeability and water saturation were calculated through new workflows, both are EFZI dependent, with which a high-resolution parameterisation could be achieved for highly complicated reservoirs.

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Doohan, Kim. "One family, different country : the development and persistence of an Aboriginal community at Finke, Northern Territory." Master's thesis, University of Western Australia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/274429.

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40

Yang, Li. "The emperor's generals, a study of the Sanya commanders inthe Northern Song (960-1126)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290094.

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The primary focus of this study is on the Sanya ("Three Headquarters Offices") commanders of the Northern Song, who commanded the three divisions of the Song imperial army, namely, the Infantry, Cavalry, and Palace Corps. The first three chapters examine the institutions pertaining to the selection and promotion of the Sanya commanders, concluding that the Northern Song selected and promoted for high army command ranks men whose loyalty to the throne had been tested and proven. It is further demonstrated that the Northern Song exercised effective control over its army commanders and had their powers scrutinized by civil officials, the majority being southern bureaucrats advanced through the civil service examinations. The two chapters that follow analyze the social and geographical backgrounds of the Sanya commanders, revealing that elite members of the Northern Song military in general enjoyed special ties to the emperors and the ruling house. Such imperial connections safeguarded their political and family fortunes from rapid downward sliding. The Northern Song elite, as such, was a self-perpetuating elite group, composed of predominantly northern military men who were closely associated with the dynasty's founding elite. The remaining chapter in the body text further sheds light on the super elite status of the Sanya commanders, attesting that they were among the highest paid office-holders in the Northern Song and were recipients of high political honors and privileges. This study calls into question the received view of the inferior status of the Northern Song military elite. I suggest that during the Northern Song period a unique and distinctive balance between aristocratic and bureaucratic forces was achieved whereby state power was split between the semi-hereditary northern military elite and the newly arisen professional, bureaucratic elite. The ruling class of Northern Song society was therefore neither thoroughly aristocratic nor thoroughly bureaucratic, contrary to the generally held assumptions about the nature of the Song elite. In my opinion, the rise of southern civil leadership in state and society around the mid-eleventh century challenged, for the first time in Chinese history, northern aristocratic monopoly of state power and eventually precipitated its demise by the Southern Song.

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Harrison, Lindsey Jean. "Diet and nutrition in a Tiwi Community : a study of factors affecting the health status of under threes at Milikapiti, North Australia." Phd thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141215.

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42

Lovell, Melissa Ellen. "Liberalism, settler colonialism, and the Northern Territory intervention." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110388.

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In June 2007 the Australian government assumed greater authority over the government of remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory Intervention (NTI), also known as the Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER), was framed as a response to the Little Children Are Sacred report which documented high levels of child abuse and neglect in Aboriginal communities, and which called on the Northern Territory and Australian governments to make the protection of children a priority. The Northern Territory Intervention was controversial because many of the rights, liberties, and processes typically understood as essential elements of liberal government were waived in favour of coercive, disciplinary, and authoritarian strategies of government. In this dissertation I analyse the content of parliamentary debates, political speeches and government reports to develop an understanding of the discursive and rhetorical context in which these interventionist and authoritarian strategies came to be seen as essential to the protection of Aboriginal children's safety and wellbeing. I draw on two analytical perspectives - settler colonialism and liberal governmentality - to argue that both colonial and neoliberal politics contributed to a view of Aboriginal people as dysfunctional and incapable of self-discipline and self-government. I argue that this perception of Aboriginal people played an important role in the justification of authoritarian and coercive policies in remote Aboriginal communities. Whereas conventional perspectives on liberal politics focus on the liberal commitment to securing liberty and human dignity, my analysis of the NTI illustrates the intimate relationship between liberal and authoritarian politics. Previous scholarship on the NTI describes the policy as a return to a colonial form of politics and understand the normalising and authoritarian aspects of the Intervention as the product of an ideological shift toward neoliberal forms of government. From this perspective, colonial and neoliberal forms of politics compromise the ability of a liberal democratic society to secure the liberty, rights and wellbeing of its Aboriginal citizens. Using my analysis of the NTI, I proffer an alternative argument about the significance of the NTI for our understanding of liberal and colonial politics. First, I argue that the NTI demonstrates the tendency of liberal government to use authoritarian and coercive strategies to govern those who are deemed incapable of self-government and the exercise of liberal economic freedoms. This concept of authoritarian liberal government is found in the scholarship on liberal governmentality and contradicts the purely emancipatory view of liberal politics. Second, I argue that the NTI case study enables an examination of the process by which this liberal tendency to authoritarian government can be reinforced in the settler colonial context. An understanding of this process is important because it demonstrates some of the challenges facing attempts to decolonise settler colonial societies.

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Wilkinson, Melanie. "Djambarrpuyngu : a Yolngu variety of Northern Australia." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1750.

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Perry, Justin James. "Fire management and biodiversity in Northern Australia." Thesis, 2016. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/48796/1/48796-perry-2016-thesis.pdf.

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Fire is a significant ecological determinant of patterns of plant and animal distributions across the globe. This is especially so for the tropical savanna biome as fire is intrinsically linked with a dynamic weather-driven interplay between C4 grasses and other vegetation types. We know that climate change will dramatically alter global ecosystems in the future, but the implications for savanna ecosystems are less clear. The potential changes are often discussed in terms of how things may alter up to 100 years into the future. In most cases these forecasts are too abstract to translate for land managers who need practical advice that will allow them to adapt in real time and that acknowledges the considerable challenges they face now. For this thesis I have sampled fire and vertebrate fauna in the dominant vegetation type in northern Australia, open savanna woodland, and used these data to test several hypotheses that will help decision makers and land managers better understand fire management both now and into the future. To adapt to future change and to make better decisions about the current conditions we need to understand the determinants of fire, how these are linked to climate, the impact of human intervention through various fire management strategies, and what the likely implications for biodiversity are. In this thesis I examine fire and biodiversity at a variety of scales, ranging from pyro-diversity models derived for all of northern Australia to a set of representative sites surveyed on Cape York Peninsula for the three dominant vertebrate taxa (birds, mammals and reptiles). The thesis includes six chapters that begin at the broadest scale (all of northern Australia) and then drill down in scale for the various vertebrate fauna responses. Chapter 1 introduces fire as a disturbance regime and a ubiquitous part of northern Australia land management. It outlines the structure of the thesis and describes the connectivity of chapters. Chapter 2 sets the scene for the distribution of fire in northern Australia from a climatic perspective and explicitly links weather and vegetation to fire distribution in recent history. This places the contemporary distribution of fire in a broader temporal perspective and outlines the implications of fire on carbon emissions and describes the variance in annual and inter-annual fire distributions. Chapter 3 compares contemporary fire management strategies with traditional Aboriginal burning and discusses the challenges of supporting traditional burning with modern requirements such as infrastructure protection and financial incentives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In chapter 4 I explore the links between burning for greenhouse gas abatement and vertebrate fauna in savanna ecosystems of Cape York Peninsula. Carbon farming initiatives have rapidly developed in recent years creating incentives for broad scale changes to land management regimes. In the open carbon market a premium can be secured if additional benefits, such as biodiversity conservation or social advancement, can be quantified. In Australia, there is an accepted method for carbon abatement that requires shifting fire frequency from predominantly late to early dry season fires. There is an assumption and some evidence that this might accrue co-benefits for biodiversity. We tested this assumption by comparing terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity patterns (richness and abundance of reptiles, birds and mammals) against increasing fire frequency in the early dry season at the same spatial resolution as the savanna burning methodology. Chapter 5 examines the contemporary distribution of mammals on Cape York Peninsula (data collected for this thesis) in comparison with limited historical data and changes in mammal fauna across northern Australia. I contextualise the changes in mammal populations with the historical disturbances present in the study area which includes changes to fire regimes. Chapter 6 focusses on reptiles, one of the most abundant and diverse taxa in savanna ecosystems. Theoretically, if fire changes vegetation patterns then reptiles, as a heliothermic organism should be a good indicator of the impact of altered fire regimes. Chapter 7 looks at changes in bird distributions across time in the study area. A systematic survey of the avifauna of Cape York Peninsula was conducted in the late 1990s and early 2000s providing an ideal basal dataset for measuring change in the avifauna. A subset (n > 600) of these sites, primarily within savanna landscapes, was selected for re-survey in 2008 to investigate changes in bird communities on Cape York Peninsula. Long-term monitoring can describe important patterns of species change over time, though in the case of large, highly seasonal environments like the tropical savannas, signals of change may manifest over decades rather than annually. Chapter 8 discusses the broad implications of this research and describes how each chapter has collectively increased the understanding of the impact of fire on biodiversity in northern Australia. This thesis provides the first major assessment of fire and biodiversity in the savanna ecosystems of Cape York Peninsula and uses novel analytical methods to demonstrate significant shifts in fire frequency in recent history. This dataset and the associated analysis and interpretation has provided a substantial improvement to the collective knowledge of fire and terrestrial vertebrate fauna across northern Australia.

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45

Shaw, R. D. "Basement uplift and basin subsidence in Central Australia." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140466.

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46

Merianos, Angela. "Field placement in the Northern Territory." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143640.

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47

Reid, Nicholas. "Ngan'gityemerri : a language of the Daly River region, Northern Territory of Australia." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133104.

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This thesis is a study of Ngan'gityemerri, a language spoken primarily in and around the two communities of Nauiyu Nambiyu and Peppimenarti in the Northern Territory. Chapter One provides an introduction to the names by which speakers of this language have been referred to, comments on the relationship between the two dialects, and establishes my use of the term Ngan'gityemerri as a language name. Also included in this chapter is a brief account of the history of these people since European invasion of their country began late last century, some comments on social organisation, cultural affiliations, Wangga and Lirrga songstyles, and a description of their country. The current status of the language is reviewed, and the language variety presented in this work is clearly identified. A survey of previous work on Ngan'gityemerri, and a description of my fieldwork methodology are additionally included. Chapter Two presents the segmental phonology, phonotactics, stress patterns and morphophonological processes. Particular attention, in the form of a detailed acoustic study, is given to the mechanism by which the contrast between two series of stops is maintained. Chapter Three presents an overview of 'simple' and 'complex' verb structures, then identifies the morphological make-up of the verbal elements labelled 'auxiliary' and 'complex verb stem'. The mechanisms that interact to mark categories of tense, aspect and mood, namely auxiliary root inflection, verbal enclitics, verb root reduplication and the serialisation of p o stu re /m o tio n auxiliaries, are all addressed in this chapter. The incorporation into the verb of bodypart noun roots is also investigated here. A distinction between 'lexical' and 'syntactic' incorporation is invoked, and the differences in the effect of both these types of incorporation is dealt with. A list of incorporable terms is presented, and their literal and classificatory semantics explored. Chapter Four investigates the semantic contribution that the auxiliary makes to the meaning of a full verb. The 31 auxiliaries are broken down into six groups on the basis of their functional roles, which are described in detail. Chapter Five deals with the role played by both freeform and bound generics in classifying the Ngan 'g ity emerri nominal world. The morphology of these generics is surveyed with regard to the typological distinction drawn between 'noun class' systems on the one hand, and 'classifier' systems on the other. The semantics of noun class categories are also examined here. Chapter Six examines the set of enclitics, some of which have scope over NPs and others over clausal propositions. The semantic functions of this clitic set vary widely, some marking such case-like roles as 'agent' or 'instrument', others encoding the kinds of meanings, like speaker attitude, that are commonly attributed to free particles. The class of free particles is treated in Chapter Seven. Chapter Eight provides a brief presentation of space, time and number expression, and Chapter Nine deals with the freeform pronominal system, demonstratives and interrogatives. Appendices to this grammar include the full subject-auxiliary sequence paradigms for both Ngan'giwumirri and Ngan'gikurunggurr, as well as four texts. Cassette tapes of the textual material included in the appendices have been submitted with this thesis, and copies of these will gladly be made available by the author to any interested readers.

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Ponsonnet, Mai{u0308}a. "The language of emotions in Dalabon (northern Australia)." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155947.

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In this work, I document and analyze the linguistic devices available to the speakers of the Dalabon language to express or describe emotions. Dalabon is a severely endangered non-Pama-Nyungan of the Gunwinyguan family, spoken in south-western Arnhem Land. The first three chapters are introductory: Chapter 1 sets the theoretical framework; chapters 2 and 3 the ethnographic and linguistic backgrounds respectively. Chapter 4 presents expressive emotional devices, which include diminutives, interjections, and various prosodic features. Expressive features are prominent in terms of frequency, and relate to culturally central categories such as compassion. Nevertheless, descriptive emotional features also play an important part. The emotion lexicon is large: at least 160 emotional lexemes, most of them adjectives or verbs. A lot of them are morphologically compound, often involving a body-part. Having discussed the morphology and syntax of these lexemes in Chapter 5 and their semantics in Chapter 6, chapters 7 to 11 question the linguistic association between body-parts and emotions in Dalabon. Like most languages in the world (and like many Australian languages) Dalabon uses metaphors grounded in physical and physiological metonymies in order to describe emotions. The linguistic and conceptual status of these tropes is discussed in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 presents Dalabon emotion metonymies and metaphors related to the body. One of the particularities of Dalabon metaphors of emotions is that in spite of their metaphorical dimension, they remain partly metonymic to the extent that they always represent emotions as states or parts of the person, not as independent entities. As a result, emotions are never represented as forces or opponents. In Dalabon, a metaphor like 'overwhelmed by love' for instance, is impossible. Chapter 9 presents emotion metaphors that do not involve the body, in particular metaphors for anger. These metaphors come closer to representing emotions as independent entities - although such representations remain marginal. Chapter 10 adopts a complementary perspective on Dalabon emotional compound predicates, and shows that metonymies and metaphors are not the only things body-parts 'do' in the Dalabon emotion lexicon. Body-parts are also used to specify which part of the person is involved in an emotional behavior. For instance, it is possible to use a compound predicate to say that someone is 'angry from the hands', when someone is gesticulating in anger. Such compounds rely on analogy and compositionality, with metonymies and metaphors playing minor roles in their production. In fact, analogy and compositionality produce compounds which, in turn, may suggest new metaphors to the speakers. Chapter 11 elaborates upon the idea that purely formal linguistic features of a language may suggest new metaphors, or constrain the metaphors available to speakers. Seeking to explain why, in Dalabon, emotions are always represented as states or parts of the person rather than independent entities, I suggest that this may be due to syntactic properties of the language. Namely, the Dalabon preference for some subcategorization patterns, in particular experiencer subjects and body-part possessor raising, could play a constraining role with respect to emotion metaphors.

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Vertessy, Robert A. "Morphodynamics of macrotidal rivers in far Northern Australia." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9995.

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This thesis compares the morphodynamic behaviour of the South Alligator, Daly and Adelaide rivers in far north Northern Territory, Australia. These three macrotidal rivers have formed under similar boundary conditions of climate and sea level rise, but exhibit dissimilar plan and cross-sectional morphometries, hydrodynamic behaviour, bed sediment characteristics and sediment transport regimes. The rivers under consideration are large, funnel-shaped, meandering estuaries which are tidal for a distance of between 100 and 130 km. They are characterized by high tidal ranges (up to 6 m). large width/depth ratios up to 350), high current velocities (up to 2.5m/s)and high suspended sediment concentrations (up to 16 g/1). Channel migration rates vary greatly between and along the rivers, ranging from 0.1 m/year to 65 m/year. The monsoonal climate of the region produces a highly seasonal fluvial runoff regime; during the dry season the rivers are strongly tide dominated, while during the wet season, tides are modified by wet season flooding. The degree of tide modification by fluvial floods "depends principally on catchment size, which ranges from ~10000 km² in the South Alligator and Adelaide rivers, to ~50000 km² in the Daly river. Both empirical and deterministic approaches are used in this study to describe interactions between channel form. tidal hydrodynamics, bed sediment texture and sediment movement in these three rivers. At several locations along each river, field measurements were made of channel bathymetry, tidal behaviour, current velocities, suspended sediment concentrations and bed sediment texture. Aerial photo interpretation provided information on channel widths, meander geometries and rates and patterns of channel migration along each of the rivers. Tidal elevation and current velocity data were used to calibrate a one- in the three rivers under a range of hydrodynamic conditions. Tidal flow predictions obtained from the model were then applied to a suite of sediment transport formulae to estimate saltation load transport capacities at different points along each of the rivers. Tidal asymmetry is shown to greatly influence the sediment transport regime in the rivers. Shortened flood tide durations are accompanied by appreciably .higher current velocities than prevalent during the ebb tides. Results show that the resultant of upstream and downstream directed sediment transport, averaged over a year, depends strongly on the degree of tidal asymmetry and the relation between tidal prism and wet season fluvial flood discharge. Special emphasis is placed on describing the evolution, morphometry and hydrodynamic behaviour of cuspate meanders. These meander forms are distinguished from regular sinuous meanders by a cusp-shaped inner bank at the bend apex. Between successive bend apex, broad ovoid pools occur which flood and ebb flows pass on alternate sides of mid-channel shoals. Large horizontal eddies occur within these areas and are shown to focus sediments in shoals. thereby influencing meander bathymetry. Cuspate meanders are shown to evolve from cutoff and/or enlargement of regular sinuous meanders The various tidal hydrodynamic and sediment transport factors influencing the stability of cuspate meanders are discussed . Observations of channel form. hydrodynamic behaviour, and sediment transport are drawn together to illustrate the relative roles of tidal and fluvial forces in controlling channel morphodynamics in the three river systems Results show that they represent a spectrum of tidal river types, ranging from strongly tide dominated in the case of the South Alligator river. to strongly fluvially dominated in the case of the Daly river. The influence of inherited channel morphologies on tidal river morphodynamics is recognized.

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Brockwell, C. J. "Archaeological investigations of the Kakadu Wetlands, Northern Australia." Master's thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117011.

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Freshwater wetlands of tropical Australia are highly productive ecosystems. Along the floodplain margins of the Northern Territory’s South Alligator River, large open sites testify that in the past they were of significant economic importance to the prehistoric Aboriginal occupants. The sites are deflated and the only archaeological remains consist of stone artefacts. However, geomorphological investigations link the sites with the establishment of freshwater wetlands on the floodplains no more than 1500 years ago. Because the sites are flooded in the wet season, dry season occupation is implied. As wetland resources are available seasonally, sites may have been occupied at different times during the dry season according to the availability of resources. Historic evidence from comparable areas elsewhere in tropical Australia indicates that hunters in these areas maintained year-round residency on the floodplain margins, camping on higher ground and exploiting alternative resource bases during the wet season. The presence of mound sites in open woodland abutting the floodplains suggests that such settlement patterns also existed in the Kakadu region prehistorically. This thesis examines site use and settlement patterns on the South Alligator wetland margins through an analysis of the stone artefact assemblages. Stone raw materials and tool types were examined in terms of distributions both within and between sites. Differences in distribution of tool types between sites was linked to differences in site use and season of occupation. The assemblages of the South Alligator wetland sites were subsequently compared with those of nearby rockshelters located in the outliers and plateau valleys of the Arnhem Land escarpment. Differences between them were interpreted as reflecting different environmental locations and economic bases. These differences echoed the dichotomy found by other researchers between plateau valley and plain sites in northern Kakadu. Previously, it had been concluded that the emergence of estuarine conditions on the floodplains c.6000 years BP was the major environmental event to affect the economic strategies of the Kakadu inhabitants from mid Holocene times onwards. However, the development of large freshwater wetland systems in the Kakadu region c.1000 years BP implies a major restructuring of subsistence strategies and settlement patterns throughout the region at this time. A reassessment of the archaeological evidence from the rockshelter sites escarpment revealed that such was the case. Today, there are a number of Aboriginal people in Kakadu who recall living at the wetland sites while they were employed in the buffalo shooting industry during the 1930s and 40s. They were able to provide details about site use and seasonality, as well as information about seasonal movement throughout the region. In addition to the oral data, there is a large body of literature which includes details of wetland subsistence strategies both for Kakadu and other comparable areas of tropical Australia. Using these sources, historical models of site use and settlement on the wetland margins and regionally were constructed. The models were compared with those derived from the archaeological evidence, to determine whether pre-contact modes of behaviour have survived into the post-contact period, whether they have changed and why. It was demonstrated that considerable continuity exists. Differences relate mainly to methods of exploitation and change in resource availability due to environmental degradation of the wetlands as a result of buffalo damage.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Northern Australia'

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