Academic literature on the topic 'North-Western Sicily'
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Journal articles on the topic "North-Western Sicily"
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Tranchina, L., S. Bellia, M. Brai, S. Hauser, S. Rizzo, A. Bartolotta, and S. Basile. "Chemistry, mineralogy and radioactivity inposidonia oceanicameadows from North-Western Sicily." Chemistry and Ecology 20, no. 3 (June 2004): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757540410001689803.
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Di Maggio, Cipriano, Giuliana Madonia, Marco Vattano, Valerio Agnesi, and Salvatore Monteleone. "Geomorphological evolution of western Sicily, Italy." Geologica Carpathica 68, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0007.
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Abstract This paper proposes a morphoevolutionary model for western Sicily. Sicily is a chain–foredeep–foreland system still being built, with tectonic activity involving uplift which tends to create new relief. To reconstruct the morphoevolutionary model, geological, and geomorphological studies were done on the basis of field survey and aerial photographic interpretation. The collected data show large areas characterized by specific geological, geomorphological, and topographical settings with rocks, landforms, and landscapes progressively older from south to north Sicily. The achieved results display: (1) gradual emersion of new areas due to uplift, its interaction with the Quaternary glacio-eustatic oscillations of the sea level, and the following production of a flight of stair-steps of uplifted marine terraces in southern Sicily, which migrates progressively upward and inwards; in response to the uplift (2) triggering of down-cutting processes that gradually dismantle the oldest terraces; (3) competition between uplift and down-cutting processes, which is responsible for the genesis of river valleys and isolated rounded hills in central Sicily; (4) continuous deepening over time that results in the exhumation of older and more resistant rocks in northern Sicily, where the higher heights of Sicily are realized and the older forms are retained; (5) extensional tectonic event in the northern end of Sicily, that produces the collapse of large blocks drowned in the Tyrrhenian Sea and sealed by coastal-marine deposits during the Calabrian stage; (6) trigger of uplift again in the previously subsiding blocks and its interaction with coastal processes and sea level fluctuations, which produce successions of marine terraces during the Middle–Upper Pleistocene stages.
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AGUILAR, RICARDO, MATTHIAS LÓPEZ CORREA, BARBARA CALCINAI, XAVIER PASTOR, ANA DE LA TORRIENTE, and SILVIA GARCIA. "First records of Asbestopluma hypogea Vacelet and Boury-Esnault, 1996 (Porifera, Demospongiae Cladorhizidae) on seamounts and in bathyal settings of the Mediterranean Sea." Zootaxa 2925, no. 1 (June 21, 2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2925.1.3.
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The carnivorous sponge Asbestopluma hypogea, was known only from shallow submarine caves (-15 to -26 m) in the Western Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic. Herein A. hypogea is reported from outside of caves, on seamounts in the Alboran Sea (-167 m), off the Balearics (-100 m) and north off Sicily (-660 m), and along steep bathyal escarpments in the Strait of Sicily (~700 m). These deeper ROV-based findings of A. hypogea are conform to the typical deep-sea occurrence of the Cladorhizidae.
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Brullo, Salvatore, CRISTIAN BRULLO, PAOLO COLOMBO, GIANPIETRO GIUSSO DEL GALDO, VINCENZO ILARDI, and ROSARIA PERRONE. "Dianthus borbonicus (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Sicily." Phytotaxa 233, no. 1 (October 30, 2015): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.233.1.3.
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Dianthus borbonicus a new species occurring in North-Western Sicily is described and illustrated. It is a rare chasmophyte belonging to the D. sylvestris group, which is exclusive of a rupestrian stand near Rocca Busambra (Ficuzza). Its macro- and micromorphological features (seed testa sculptures, and leaf anatomy), ecology, conservation status and a comparison with the related species are provided too.
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Orecchio, Barbara, Silvia Scolaro, Josep Batlló, Giancarlo Neri, Debora Presti, Daniel Stich, and Cristina Totaro. "New Results for the 1968 Belice, South Italy, Seismic Sequence: Solving the Long-Lasting Ambiguity on Causative Source." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 2364–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200277.
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Abstract We present the first estimates of moment tensor solutions and probabilistic nonlinear hypocenter locations for the 1968 Belice earthquake sequence, which is the most relevant seismic activity occurred in western Sicily in historical times. This seismic phase, including six earthquakes with magnitude between 5 and 6.4, produced severe damages and fatalities in a sector of the Nubia–Eurasia plate margin, previously considered aseismic. Poorly constrained and often controversial hypocenter locations and focal mechanism solutions available from the literature have led to a long-lasting ambiguity on the possible causative source of the sequence, also having primary effects on the regional seismotectonic modeling and seismic hazard evaluations. The two main fault models proposed in the literature alternatively assigned a primary role to the north-northwest-trending Nubia–Eurasia plate convergence, causing thrust faulting on about east-trending structures or to the differential foreland retreat driving dextral strike-slip movements on about north–south-oriented faults. By focusing on the starting and the most energetic phase of the 1968 sequence, we computed the moment tensor solutions for three of the strongest earthquakes using digitized waveforms and a time-domain waveform inversion technique. Then, we also analyzed, by means of a Bayesian hypocenter location technique, the spatial distribution of the 1968 earthquakes. All the results indicate that the 1968 Belice sequence was characterized by predominant reverse faulting occurring on about east-to-northeast-trending structures, thus solving the dualism between models previously proposed in the literature. Our findings well agree both with the geodynamic framework governed by the Nubia–Eurasia north-northwest-trending convergence and with the geological reconstructions of the regional thrust front in the western Sicily area. The results of moment tensor estimations and nonlinear hypocenter locations furnishing an improved knowledge of the most relevant seismic activity of western Sicily also concur to better constraint the seismotectonic modeling of the region.
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Brullo, Salvatore, Cristian Brullo, Salvatore Cambria, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo, and Vincenzo Ilardi. "Silene crassiuscula (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Sicily." Phytotaxa 239, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.1.3.
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Silene crassiuscula,, a new species of S. sect. Dipterosperma, is described and illustrated from North-Western Sicily. It is an annual halophyte with succulent growing on carbonatic or calcarenitic rocks of coastal stands. From the morphological point of view , S. crassiuscula appears to be similar to the species belonging to the S. colorata group especially to S. nummica, from Sardinia, from which it differs in several features chiefly regarding the habit, leaves, inflorescences, floral pieces and seed micro-morphology. An analytical key of the taxa belonging to this section is also provided.
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Zuccon, Dario, Jean-Marc Pons, Giovanni Boano, Giorgio Chiozzi, Anita Gamauf, Chiara Mengoni, Davide Nespoli, et al. "Type specimens matter: new insights on the systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature of the subalpine warbler (Sylvia cantillans) complex." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 314–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz169.
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Abstract We revise the taxonomy of the Sylvia cantillans complex, a group of phenotypically distinct warblers with mainly parapatric distributions around a large part of the Mediterranean basin. We redefine the species limits using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers and we objectively link available names to the genetically defined lineages by genotyping the surviving type specimens. In addition, the study of archival documents clarifies the exact composition of type series and provides further evidence for the identification of lost types. These results support the recognition of three species-level taxa: Moltoni’s warbler, Sylvia subalpina (north-central Italy, Corsica, Sardinia and the Balearics); the western subalpine warbler, S. iberiae (North Africa, Iberia, southern France and extreme north-west Italy); and the eastern subalpine warbler, S. cantillans, with subspecies S. cantillans cantillans (southern Italy, Sicily) and S. cantillans albistriata (Balkans, Greece, western Turkey).
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Panzeca, Patrizia, Angelo Troia, and Paolo Madonia. "Aquatic Macrophytes Occurrence in Mediterranean Farm Ponds: Preliminary Investigations in North-Western Sicily (Italy)." Plants 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071292.
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Mediterranean wetlands are severely affected by habitat degradation and related loss of biodiversity. In this scenario, the wide number of artificial farm ponds can play a significant role in the biodiversity conservation of aquatic flora. In the present contribution we show the preliminary results of a study on Mediterranean farm ponds of north-western Sicily (Italy), aimed to investigating the environmental factors linked to the occurrence of submerged macrophytes (vascular plants and charophytes). We studied the aquatic flora of 30 ponds and determined the chemical and isotopic composition of their water bodies on a subset of the most representative 10 sites. Results show that (1) farm ponds host few but interesting species, such as Potamogeton pusillus considered threatened at regional level; (2) Chara vulgaris, C. globularis and P. pusillus behave as disturbance-tolerant species, occurring both in nitrates-poor and nitrates-rich waters, whereas Stuckenia pectinata and Zannichellia palustris occur only in nitrates-poor waters. Although farm ponds are artificial and relatively poor habitats, these environments seem to be important for the aquatic flora and for the conservation of the local biodiversity, and can give useful information for the use of macrophytes as bioindicators in the Mediterranean area.
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Sparacio, Ignazio, Salvatore Surdo, Roberto Viviano, Fabio Liberto, and Agatino Reitano. "Land molluscs from the Isola delle Femmine Nature Reserve (north-western Sicily, Italy) (Gastropoda Architaenioglossa Pulmonata)." Biodiversity Journal 12, no. 3 (August 4, 2021): 589–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31396/biodiv.jour.2021.12.3.589.624.
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Agostini, Nicolantonio, Marco Gustin, Jost von Hardenberg, and Michele Panuccio. "Wind Patterns affect Migration Flyways and Flock Size of a Soaring Bird over Sea." Avian Biology Research 9, no. 3 (September 2016): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815516x14627928448105.
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Water surfaces are natural barriers for raptors mostly using soaring–gliding flight over land during migration. Among these, the European Honey Buzzard ( Pernis apivorus) is a total migrant, breeding in Europe and wintering in central western Africa. Each spring thousands of buzzards undertake long sea crossings between Tunisia and southern Italy, concentrating over small islands en route to central eastern Europe. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of wind patterns on the flyways used by these raptors during this critical phase of migration through field observations at four small Mediterranean islands (Pantelleria, Marettimo, Ustica and Panarea) and at the Straits of Messina between 20 April and 20 May 2006–2013. In our analyses, peak days were considered for each site. This eight year multisite study allowed the collection of a large data set. While crossing the Channel of Sicily, migrants concentrated over Pantelleria (southern side of the Channel) during moderate NW winds, and over Marettimo (northern side) during weaker southerly winds. Over the island of Ustica (north-western Sicily, Tyrrhenian Sea) raptors were observed mostly with weak southerly winds. Over the island of Panarea (northeastern Sicily) and at the Straits of Messina, European Honey Buzzards passed with weak winds from W and NW, respectively. The average flock size during the peak days was significantly higher over the island of Pantelleria, where birds migrated during the stronger winds. The results of this study show that wind patterns affect both migration pathways and flocking behaviour of this species while crossing large water surfaces.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "North-Western Sicily"
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Liotta, M. "Geochemical Processes Governing Groundwater Composition in North-Western Sicily: isotopic model and water rock interaction." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/352.
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Groundwater systems of the north-western Sicily were sampled in the period January 2002-May 2003 for geochemical and isotopic characterization (fig. 1.1). All major constituent and stable isotopic composition values were determined. ICP-Mass analysis of two field surveys were also performed to estimate divalent metals abundances (Ba, Sr, Cd and Fe).
In order to evaluate the meteoric recharge of the aquifer a rain gauges grid was installed in January 2002 (Fig.1.2). The rain gauges, made to prevent evaporation phenomena and hence to preserve the isotopic composition of the rainwater, was sampled monthly. High infiltration coefficient values, due to fractured rocks and poor vegetation coverage, made it possible to relate isotopic composition of precipitation to isotopic composition of groundwater.
An isotopic model of precipitation was developed using weighted average isotopic composition of rain waters. The Local meteroric Water Line (LMWL) was drawn.
The main geochemical processes governing groundwater composition were described and a geochemical background for evaluation of seawater intrusion and submarine discharges was defined.
Geochemical features of groundwater mainly come from mixing processes between a carbonatic endmember and a seawater one. Moreover, thermal water contribution was also found in a few samples.
Partial pressure of CO2 has been computed. Generally PCO2 values are close to 10-2 atm but anomalous areas have been recognized along some faults. High PCO2 values favourite rocks dissolution.
Minor elements mobility was also studied and a positive correlation between Sr, Ba and TDS was found.- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy; - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo; - Unione Europea Fondo Sociale Europeo
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Books on the topic "North-Western Sicily"
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Vecchi, Italo. Greek Coins and Their Values : Western Europe and North Africa: Coins of Spain, Gaul, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia and North Africa. Spink & Son Limited, 2019.
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Department of Defense. General George S. Patton Was Not an Operational Artist - the Myth of Patton: Studies of World War II Campaigns, North Africa, Sicily, Western Europe Show That Patton Was Not a Military Genius. Independently Published, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "North-Western Sicily"
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Ruggieri, Rosario. "North-Western Sicily." In Karst of Sicily, 255–373. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07406-6_6.
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Davis-Secord, Sarah. "Sicily between Constantinople and Rome." In Where Three Worlds Met. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501704642.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the web of connections linking Sicily to the Greek Christian world of the eastern Mediterranean and, simultaneously, to the Latin Christendom of Rome and the Franks during the Byzantine period. It describes travel along the Sicily–Constantinople route under Byzantine rule and how the island served as a useful tool for Constantinople in its diplomatic and military relationships with the western regions. It shows that Sicily could and often did function as an extension of the political authority of Constantinople into Italy, which was both useful and necessary as part of the larger program of the Byzantine empire at the time. Finally, it considers how Sicily operated both as the far western frontier of the empire and as a center of official communication between Constantinople and the western Mediterranean world—particularly, Latin Rome and the emergent powers of Muslim North Africa and Frankish Europe.
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Horn, Gerd-Rainer. "The Wind from the North." In The Moment of Liberation in Western Europe, 69–116. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199587919.003.0004.
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No Western European country experienced liberation at such a slow pace as Italy. The Allied landing on Sicily occurred twenty months before the final liberation of Northern Italy in late April 1945. As a result, the evolution of antifascist resistance activism underwent a contradictory development unique in Western Europe. The official Roman government administering liberated Italy and Rome-based coordinating bodies of the resistance operating in the North performed the role of a break on the radical dynamic of antifascist activism in Italy’s North. In parts of Central and Northern Italy, the social power and political clout of Liberation Committees became all-important counterpowers to traditional political authorities, far exceeding the radical dynamics which had propelled French Liberation Committees into the limelight of their day. Virtually all of Northern Italy was liberated by antifascist activists in advance of the arrival of Allied troops moving north.
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Orsingher, Adriano. "Across Traditions and beyond Boundaries: The Masks of Carthage." In Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean, 295–311. Lockwood Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2019167.ch15.
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This paper explores the corpus of clay masks from Carthage and outlines the primary role played by the North African metropolis in continuing and renewing the Le- vantine tradition of facial masks. Carthage is the most likely candidate for being the source area of some new iconographic types (e.g., the so-called grinning and Black African masks). The fact that these types are also present in other regions of the so-called Phoenician dias- pora (e.g., Sicily, Sardinia, and the Balearic islands) may hint at some religious influence that, together with its economic and political power, led Carthage to reshape the western Mediterranean. Although the various functions and meanings of these masks remain quite obscure, masked ceremonies appear to have played a long-lasting and central role in the life of Carthage.
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Abulafia, David. "‘Carthage Must Be Destroyed’, 400 BC–146 BC." In The Great Sea. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323344.003.0019.
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While the war between Athens and Sparta for control of the Aegean was at its peak, other conflicts, further to the west, embroiled Greek cities in struggles for their life. Carthage was as significant a naval power in its sector of the Mediterranean as Athens was further to the east. In 415, the Carthaginians were content to look on while the Athenians attacked Syracuse. They could see that the Greeks were divided among themselves and too busy squabbling to turn their attention against the Phoenician trading stations on Sicily. From their point of view, anything that weakened Greek power in Sicily was welcome. On the other hand, the destruction of the Athenian forces posed a new problem, to which they found themselves responding rapidly. Not for the first time the Syracusans threatened to dominate the island. However, the real troublemakers proved once again to be the Elymian inhabitants of Segesta, who, not content with the havoc they had wreaked by calling in the Athenians, now appealed to Carthage for help against their old rivals, the Greeks of Selinous. The Carthaginians had good reason to support Segesta. It lay in an area dotted with Punic, that is Phoenician, colonies, notably Panormos (Palermo) and Motya. When in 410 the Segestans offered to become dependants of Carthage in return for protection, the Carthaginian assembly realized that the time had come to consolidate their city’s hold on western Sicily. The Segestan appeal marked a decisive moment in the transformation from a loose confederation of allies and trading stations presided over by Carthage to a Carthaginian empire that included among its subjects not just fellow-Phoenicians but subject peoples – ‘Libyans’, as the Berbers of North Africa were called by Greek writers, Elymians, Sikels and Sikans in Sicily, not to mention Sards and Iberians. There were other, personal factors at work among the Carthaginian elite, for the city was at this time controlled by a group of powerful dynasties that dominated its Senate. A prominent Carthaginian with the common name Hannibal is said to have conceived a passionate hatred for all Greeks after his grandfather Hamilcar was killed in battle against the Syracusan army at Himera in 480 BC.
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Abulafia, David. "Towards the Garden of the Hesperides, 1000 BC–400 BC." In The Great Sea. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323344.003.0016.
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The impact of contact with the eastern Mediterranean was felt in very different ways within what we now call Italy. Greek culture seeped more slowly into the everyday life of the native peoples of Sicily – Sikans, Sikels and Elymians – than into the life of the peoples of Tuscany and Latium. In Sicily, both the Greeks and the Carthaginians kept themselves largely apart from the native population. Sardinia, rich in minerals, had for centuries been the seat of a lively civilization characterized by the stone towers known as nuraghi, of which many thousands still dot the island; they were surrounded by what seem to have been prosperous villages, firmly rooted in the rich agricultural resources of the island. They began to be built around 1400 BC, but new nuraghi were still being constructed well into the Iron Age. In the Mycenaean era, there had been some contact with the outside world, as eastern Mediterranean traders arrived in search of copper. The wealth of the native elite as far back as the second millennium BC can be measured from the tombs of Anghelu Ruju, near Alghero in north-western Sardinia; these are among the richest to have been unearthed in late Neolithic and early Bronze Age western Europe, and they indicate contact with Spain, southern France and the eastern Mediterranean. The Spanish influence can be traced in the bell beaker jars found at this site. Another Spanish connection was linguistic. The Sardinians left no written records, whether because they did not use writing or because they used friable materials that have failed to survive. But place-names, many in current use, provide suggestive evidence, as does the Sard language, a distinctive form of late vulgar Latin that incorporates a number of pre-Latin words within its many dialects. It appears that the nuraghic peoples spoke a language or languages related to the non-Indo-European language Basque. Thus a Sard word for a young lamb, bitti, is very similar to a Basque term for a young goat, bitin.
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Blondel, Jacques. "The Nature and Origin of the Vertebrate Fauna." In The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0015.
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The aim of this chapter is to provide an account of the complex history of Mediterranean faunas as they evolved from the end of the Pliocene about 1.8 million years ago until the present day. Reconstructing this history is difficult because the Mediterranean basin is one of the most complex regions in the world and is characterized by significant geographical and topographical variation. The Mediterranean basin was formed during the Tertiary by the convergence of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, in combination with several African microplates, Iberia, and two main African promontories: Apulia in the west and Arabia in the east (Chapter 1 and Dercourt et al. 1986). Where the African and Eurasian plates meet, seismic and volcanic activity have combined with other processes to form a very heterogeneous region. High mountains and deeply dissected topography form the main part of a coastline some 46,000 km in length, 18,000 of which are island shores (Chapter 13). A dominant feature of the region, which has had many consequences for species diversity and the process of differentiation, is the striking contrast between the northern half of the basin with its many large peninsulas—Iberian, Apennine, Balkan, and Anatolian—and the southern half with its more or less rectilinear shorelines. In addition, there is a marked biogeographical contrast between the western and the eastern halves of the Mediterranean, the former having shifted somewhat to the north with respect to the latter. The line separating the two north–south ranges in each half of the basin runs approximately along the 36th parallel in the western half and the 33rd in the eastern half. In the western half, west of the Sicily–Cap Bon line, biota are more boreal in character and overlap to a large degree with those of central Europe. To the east, biota have more affinities with central Asia (Blondel and Aronson 1999). Modern patterns of regional floral and faunal diversity mostly result from differential speciation and extinction rates during the Quaternary (Chapter 4).
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Masseti, Marco. "The economic role of Sus in early human fishing communities." In Pigs and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199207046.003.0017.
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Recent archaeological excavations of the cave of Cyclops, located in the southern cliffs of the islet of Youra (northern Sporades, Greece) have provided evidence of continuous human activity from the Mesolithic Period (10000–6800 BC) up to the beginning of the Final Neolithic (4600/ 4500–3300/3200 BC). The results of the investigation of its Mesolithic stratigraphy lead to the assumption that the economy of the prehistoric local human community was based predominantly upon the exploitation of marine resources (Sampson 1996a, 1996b, 1998; Powell 2003). Archaeological evidence suggests that the island fishermen also exploited mammals, as indicated by the discovery of a huge assemblage of bones of Sus scrofa, particularly numerous in the Lower Mesolithic levels, where they also displayed a larger size in comparison to those of the same species found in the Upper Mesolithic layers (Trantalidou 2003). Thus, beyond the marine resources, Sus appears to represent the wild animal most widely consumed by the local human community. The date of 7530 cal. BC–7100 cal. BC (8th millennium BC) was obtained for the oldest bones of these prehistoric ungulates, by radiocarbon analysis performed at the Beta Analytic Laboratory of Miami (USA) (Masseti 2002). In the light of archaeozoological evidence, early human societies which based their subsistence mainly on marine resources also feature a certain association with pigs, which has been registered from other prehistoric European and Mediterranean archaeological contexts. In Italian coastal areas, for example, this can be observed in the reports from the II Mesolithic phase of the cave of Uzzo, in north-western Sicily (Tagliacozzo 1993), from the Early Neolithic–Chalcolithic layers of the Grotta del Genovese on the small island of Levanzo in the Egadi archipelago (Sicily) (Graziosi 1962; Cassoli & Tagliacozzo 1982), and possibly also from the proto-Mycenaean settlement (Middle–Late Bronze Age) of the islet of Vivara, in the Phlegraean archipelago (Gulf of Naples) (Marazzi 1998, 2001; Costantini & Costantini 2001; Pepe 2001). In northern Europe, the exploitation of pig resources has been found associated with several postglacial human settlements of the Baltic area, such as the Ertebølle Mesolithic culture of western Denmark (Rowley- Conwy 1984), of southern Sweden (Rowley-Conwy 1998), and of the Jutland peninsula (Rowley-Conwy 1994).
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Rohling, Eelco, and Ramadan Abu-Zied. "The Marine Environment: Present and Past." In The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0012.
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The Mediterranean is a landlocked, semi-enclosed marginal sea that spans a maximum of 3,860 km in the west–east direction, and a maximum of ∼1, 600km in the north–south direction. Along its roughly 46,000 km of coastline, the basin is enclosed by mountainous terrain, except for a part of the North African margin to the east of Tunisia. The Mediterranean Sea contains very deep basins, more than 4 km, and has an average depth of approximately 1,500 m. Its only natural connection with the open (Atlantic) ocean is through the narrow Strait of Gibraltar, which contains a 284-m deep sill (at a width of ∼30 km), and reaches a minimum width of only 14 km (at a depth of 880 m) (Bryden and Kinder 1991). The Strait of Sicily subdivides the Mediterranean Sea into a western and an eastern basin. This strait is relatively wide (about 130 km) and contains a topographically complex sill-structure with an estimated average depth of 330 m (Wust 1961), reaching 365 and 430 m in the two major channels (Garzoli and Maillard 1979). The eastern Mediterranean contains two smaller marginal basins, namely the Adriatic Sea and the Aegean Sea. Watermasses are exchanged through both the Strait of Gibraltar and the Strait of Sicily by eastward surface and westward subsurface flows. This pattern of exchange results from a net buoyancy loss in the basins on the easterly side of the sills, primarily due to strong net evaporative loss from the Mediterranean, and secondarily to some net cooling. Deep water ventilation in the Mediterranean is primarily salt-driven, and secondarily temperature-driven. This is similar to the mode observed in the present-day Red Sea, but contrasts with the temperature-dominated mode in the modern world ocean. As such, the Mediterranean deep ventilation might be more appropriately described as halo-thermal rather than with the common term thermo-haline. This offers a useful analogue for world ocean circulation modes in past times with very warm and relatively equable global climates, such as the Mesozoic. Interestingly, the Mediterranean is characterized by periodic, widespread deposition of organic-rich sediments or ‘sapropels’ over periods of several thousands of years, similar (in miniature) to the deposition of ‘black shales’ in the Mesozoic oceans.
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Moore, Bob. "Enforced Diaspora." In Prisoners of War, 182–203. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840398.003.0007.
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Like its Axis partner, the Italian state created the necessary machinery for dealing with prisoners of war and communicating with other belligerent powers. While capturing British imperial forces in Greece and North Africa, it soon lost many of its own men to captivity as its forces were driven out of east Africa and Libya. After the Tunisian campaign had ended and the Western powers had invaded Sicily, they held more than 500,000 Italian prisoners. For pragmatic reasons, the captors chose to move these prisoners to other parts of the British Empire and to the United States. Likewise, the more limited Italian contribution to the Eastern Front had left 60,000+ men in Soviet hands. However, the Italian surrender in September 1943 left the rump of the Italian army at the mercy of the invading Germans—with some tragic consequences as in the case of Kefalonia. While some units remained to fight alongside the Nazis, the majority were interned and taken to German as forced labourers. In many respects, this holds the key to an understanding of this Italian diaspora—namely the perceived usefulness of Italian prisoner labour to the war economies of the capturing belligerent powers. The internees of the Germans are very much at the forefront of Italian post-war memory, thus stressing the country’s anti-Axis stance at the end of the war. They are followed by the victims of the USSR, whose plight fitted a Cold War agenda, while the large numbers captured by the country’s future allies, Britain and the United States, were largely forgotten.
Conference papers on the topic "North-Western Sicily"
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Sinopoli, Mauro, Fabio Badalamenti, and Giovanni D'Anna. "The role of FADs (Fish Aggregating Devices) in the coastal dispersion of juvenile fish species in the North-Western Sicily." In 2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea; Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metrosea55331.2022.9950817.
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Ghigo, Alberto, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Fabio Carapellese, and Giovanni Bracco. "Design and Optimization of a Point Absorber for the Mediterranean Sea." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81530.
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Abstract In the last few years, a wide range of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) have been designed. Among the most interesting technologies for multiple applications, there is the point absorber: if on one hand, these devices guarantee a limited energy production, on the other hand, they ensure good performances, do not require complex installations and have a limited visual and environmental impact. However, a major obstacle to the development of these technologies is the high investment costs, which prevent their development from an industrial point of view. The purpose of this paper is to present a frequency domain model for a cylindrical point absorber and to perform a holistic optimization that maximizes the extracted power and minimizes device costs. Optimized parameters comprise shape, dimensions, mass properties, ballast and draft. The optimization is carried out considering different installation sites in the Mediterranean Sea, chosen from the most productive ones, such as the island of Pantelleria along the Sicily channel and Alghero along the north-western coast of Sardinia, to define an optimal point absorber design for offshore applications in the Mediterranean Sea.
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LaPlant, Paige, and Chad Heinzel. "AN ARCHAEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF IRON AGE CERAMICS, WESTERN SICILY." In 52nd Annual North-Central GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018nc-313183.
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