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Journal articles on the topic 'North-west France'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 September 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

D'Hem, P., A. Fevre, R. Hiernaux, and J. Holef. "Stabilisation of chalk in North-west France." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 28, no. 6 (November 1991): A376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)91492-a.

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2

Nielsen, Aileen. "The Algerian wife or “l’amour n’a pas d’age”." MIGRATION LETTERS 6, no. 2 (October 28, 2009): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v6i2.77.

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Young male immigrants from North Africa come to France as much to defy a sense of globally structured exclusion as to escape the effects of other geopolitical stresses. While most anthropological work on Islam and North African youth in France documents a return to conservative Islam, this letter discusses another response to this same experience by illegal North African immigrants living in France. The response described here is one of humour, romance, and a continued desire to join the West rather than a rejection or challenge to French society. This letter provides ethnographic data on the phenomenon described above and so gives a view from the street of how romance may be one of the most important preoccupations of the clandestine male.

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3

Hryniewicz, Janusz. "Jakość rządzenia usługami publicznymi, kapitał społeczny a społeczno-kulturowe zróżnicowanie Unii Europejskiej." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 74, no. 2 (2022): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2022.74.11.

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The aim of the paper is the analysis of impact of the historically shaped socio-cultural divisions of the European Union on social capital and quality of governance (EQI) in the context of the distribution of public services. Social capital is more important for quality of governance than financial resources. The highest level of social capital and quality of governance is observed in North-West Europe, the lowest in Central East Europe. Since 2010, the quality of public services and corruption have improved (except Poland and Hungary), and in South Europe it has worsened. In North-West Europe, the quality of services has deteriorated, most severely in France. Division East–North West is of greater significance for social capital and quality of governance than affiliation to catholic- protestant cultural circles and North–South division.

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4

Kovaleva, Olga, and Kseniia Lukina. "Characteristics of the Western European ecological group barley varieties in the North-Western region of the Russian Federation." BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213601025.

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In the North-West region, spring barley is the main grain fodder crop. The variety is an effective and most affordable means of increasing the harvest and quality of the grain. The studying selection material for breeding ensures success in the creation of new varieties. European varieties are characterized by resistance to powdery mildew, which is a limiting factor of breeding in the North-West region. This work aimed to find new sources of agrobiological valuable traits. In 2016-2018, which differed in weather conditions, 32 varieties of spring barley were studied on the field of the Pushkin Laboratory of VIR. As a result of studying a set of samples of the Western European ecological group, according to the main agrobiological valuable traits sources for breeding in the North-West region were identified: early maturing, semi-dwarf, large-grain variety – “Brucefield” (к-31555, parallelum, Germany); semi-dwarf, large-grain variety – “Brennus” (к-31331, nutans, France); middle-maturity, high-yielding, large-grain, semi-dwarf, resistant to lodging, with an adaptation coefficient more than 1 – “Niagara” (к-31334, nutans, France), “Tocada” (к-31341, deficiens, Germany), “Juhata” (к-31346, nutans, Germany), “KWS Alciana” (к-31348, nutans, Germany).

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5

Walther, Fridolin M. R. "The Swiss Legal System A Guide for Foreign Researchers." International Journal of Legal Information 29, no. 1 (2001): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500000834.

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Switzerland is a federal state that lies in the heart of Europe and is bordered by Germany (to the north), Austria and the Principality of Liechtenstein (to the east), Italy (to the south) and France (to the west).

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6

Wegge, Njord. "Arctic Security Strategies and the North Atlantic States." Arctic Review on Law and Politics 11 (2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v11.2401.

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New uncertainties in international relations have presented several states in the West with important choices regarding their national strategies for the Arctic. This article analyzes security challenges in the Arctic and North Atlantic region, as understood by some key North-Atlantic states, namely: the USA, Canada, Denmark, Norway, the UK, Germany and France. By analyzing how, or to what degree, the colder east-west security landscape since 2014 is reflected in these selected North Atlantic states’ Arctic security strategies, this article seeks to improve our understanding of how the security situation in the northernmost part of the world is developing and being understood. Through applying a traditional understanding of security, the article identifies similarities but also significant differences among the Arctic and North-Atlantic states. Most notable when comparing the strategies is the rather unique global perspective laid out in the US security strategy for the region. The British, Norwegian, Danish and Canadian perspectives, on the other hand, stand out as more regional in nature. Germany displays a rather low profile in its approach to international security in the Arctic, considering its economic status in Europe. France reveals a strong concern for Arctic shipping and freedom of navigation, a perspective similar to the USA’s, but with less global ambition.

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7

Day, John J., and A. John Richards. "Taraxacum pseudomarklundii, a south-western European species, native in South Devon (v.c.3)." British & Irish Botany 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33928/bib.2020.02.073.

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An enigmatic dandelion first collected in the UK in 2014 from a lanebank on Dartmoor (v.c.3) has been determined as Taraxacum pseudomarklandii (Soest), previously only known from north-west Spain and south-west France, an unusual biogeographic alliance in our Taraxacum-flora. It is triploid (2n = 24). This taxon has now been confirmed from several locations in South Devon and one site in Ireland (Meath, v.c.H22).

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8

Zaidman, M. D., H. G. Rees, and A. R. Young. "Spatio-temporal development of streamflow droughts in north-west Europe." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 4 (August 31, 2002): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-733-2002.

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Abstract. This paper examines the spatial and temporal development of streamflow droughts in Europe over the last 40 years, differentiating the climatic factors that drive drought formation from catchment controls on drought manifestation. A novel approach for quantifying and comparing streamflow and precipitation depletion is presented. This approach considers atypical flow or rainfall events, as well as more severe droughts, regardless of the season in which they occur (although unlikely to constitute drought in an operational sense, sustained atypical flows are important with regard to understanding how droughts arise and develop). The amount of flow depletion is quantified at daily resolution based on the standardised departure from the mean day d flow, or flow anomaly. The index was derived for 2780 gauging points within north-west Europe using data from the FRIEND European Water Archive for the 1960-1995 period. Using a simple interpolation procedure these data were used to produce a time-series of grids, with a cell size of 18 km2, showing the spatial distribution of flow anomaly over the study area. A similar approach was used to characterise monthly precipitation anomalies, based on existing grid data (see New et al., 2000). The grids were analysed chronologically to examine the spatial and temporal coherency of areas showing large flow and/or precipitation anomalies, focussing on drought development during the 1975-1976 and 1989-1990 periods. Using a threshold approach, in which an anomaly of 2 standard deviations represents the onset of drought conditions, indices were developed to describe the time-varying extent and areal-severity (flow deficit) of streamflow and precipitation drought. Similar indices were used to describe how the magnitude and temporal variation of flow depletion varied spatially. In terms of streamflow depletion, the 1976 drought was found to be a highly coherent event, having a well defined start (in January 1976) and end (in September 1976). The worst and most persistent streamflow droughts occurred in southern England and northern France. Central parts of Europe experienced only severe streamflow depletion during the ‘height’ of the drought in June, July and August when there was negligible precipitation across large areas of Europe. In contrast, the 1989/90 period was characterised by a series of shorter and less severe droughts, with much greater variability over time. The relationship between precipitation drought and streamflow drought was less clear, which might have resulted from periods of precipitation depletion occurring randomly in time. Particularly high levels of streamflow drought were again observed in southern England and northern France. Several possible explanations for the increased drought occurrence over southern England and northern France were investigated using data from the 1976 event. However, immediately antecedent precipitation deficits could not explain the level of streamflow depletion which appears to have been enhanced by decreased discharge of groundwater into the river networks in this region. This can probably be attributed to large precipitation deficits during autumn 1975 and spring 1976: the consequent reduction in groundwater recharge ultimately led to depressed groundwater levels. Keywords: drought, streamflow depletion, streamflow drought, low-flow regimes, Drought Index

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9

Bonsall, Clive, Mark G. Macklin, David E. Anderson, and Robert W. Payton. "Climate change and the adoption of agriculture in north-west Europe." European Journal of Archaeology 5, no. 1 (2002): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2002.5.1.9.

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Farming can be shown to have spread very rapidly across the British Isles and southern Scandinavia around 6000 years ago, following a long period of stasis when the agricultural ‘frontier’ lay further south on the North European Plain between northern France and northern Poland. The reasons for the delay in the adoption of agriculture on the north-west fringe of Europe have been debated by archaeologists for decades. Here, we present fresh evidence that this renewed phase of agricultural expansion was triggered by a significant change in climate. This finding may also have implications for understanding the timing of the expansion of farming into some upland areas of southern and mid-latitude Europe.

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10

Scarre, Chris. "Contexts of Monumentalism: regional diversity at the Neolithic transition in north-west France." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 1 (February 2002): 23–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0092.00148.

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11

CRÔNIER, CATHERINE, and PIERRE-YVES BOURSICOT. "A new decapod crustacean faunule from the Middle Jurassic of north-west France." Palaeontology 52, no. 6 (November 2009): 1275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00896.x.

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12

Le Pichon, Xavier, Claude Rangin, Youri Hamon, Nicolas Loget, Jin Ying Lin, Louis Andreani, and Nicolas Flotte. "Geodynamics of the France Southeast Basin." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 181, no. 6 (November 1, 2010): 477–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.181.6.477.

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AbstractWe investigate the geodynamics of the Southeast Basin with the help of maps of the basement and of major sedimentary horizons based on available seismic reflection profiles and drill holes. We also present a study of the seismicity along the Middle Durance fault. The present seismic activity of the SE Basin cannot be attributed to the Africa/Eurasia shortening since spatial geodesy demonstrates that there is no significant motion of Corsica-Sardinia with respect to Eurasia and since gravitational collapse of the Alps has characterized the last few millions years. Our study demonstrates that the basement of this 140 by 200 km Triassic basin has been essentially undeformed since its formation, most probably because of the hardening of the cooling lithosphere after its 50% thinning during the Triassic distension. The regional geodynamics are thus dominated by the interaction of this rigid unit with the surrounding zones of active deformation. The 12 km thick Mesozoic sediment cover includes at its base an up to 4 km thick mostly evaporitic Triassic layer that is hot and consequently highly fluid. The sedimentary cover is thus decoupled from the basement. As a result, the sedimentary cover does not have enough strength to produce reliefs exceeding about 500 to 750 m. That the deformation and seismicity affecting the basin are the results of cover tectonics is confirmed by the fact that seismic activity in the basin only affects the sedimentary cover. Based on our mapping of the structure of the basin, we propose a simple mechanism accounting for the Neogene deformation of the sedimentary cover. The formation of the higher Alps has first resulted to the north in the shortening of the Diois-Baronnies sedimentary cover that elevated the top of Jurassic horizons by about 4 km with respect to surrounding areas to the south and west. There was thus passage from a brittle-ductile basement decollement within the higher Alps to an evaporitic decollement within the Diois-Baronnies. This shortening and consequent elevation finally induced the southward motion of the basin cover south of the Lure mountain during and after the Middle Miocene. This southward motion was absorbed by the formation of the Luberon and Trévaresse mountains to the south. To the east of the Durance fault, there is no large sediment cover. The seismicity there, is related to the absorption of the Alps collapse within the basement itself. To the west of the Salon-Cavaillon fault, on the other hand, gravity induces a NNE motion of the sedimentary cover with extension to the south and shortening to the north near Mont Ventoux. When considering the seismicity of this area, it is thus important to distinguish between the western Basin panel, west of the Salon-Cavaillon fault affected by very slow NNE gliding of the sedimentary cover, with extension to the south and shortening to the north; the central Basin panel west of the Durance fault with S gliding of the sedimentary cover and increasing shortening to the south; and finally the basement panel east of the Durance fault with intrabasement absorption of the Alps collapse through strike-slip and thrust faults.

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13

Błoszyk, Jerzy, Agnieszka Napierała, Zbigniew Adamski, and Michał Zacharyasiewicz. "Range of Occurrence of Bisexual and Parthenogenetic Populations of Labidostomma luteum (Acari: Prostigmata) in Europe." Diversity 14, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14070504.

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The current article describes an interesting case of geographic parthenogenesis among European mites from the Labidostommidae family (Acari: Prostigmata). In earlier publications on Labidostomma luteum Kramer, 1879, the authors pointed out that most of the populations of this species in Europe consisted of parthenogenetic females. Until now, populations of both sexes were known only in southwestern France. In the north–west areas, the number of males in the populations has gradually decreased, and in the populations found west of Paris there are no males at all. During the research project carried out in 2018, Błoszyk found the presence of populations which consisted of both sexes of the species in question near the town of Bény (60 km NE of Lion). This is the easternmost site of L. luteum in France where males have been found. All other known sites located east and north of the Bény–Paris line have only parthenogenetic females. Thus, this line can be considered as the boundary of L. luteum populations reproducing sexually. However, establishing the exact course of this range requires further research.

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14

Babou, Cheikh A. "A West African Sufi Master on the Global Stage: Cheikh Abdoulaye Dièye and the Khidmatul Khadim International Sufi School in France and the United States." African Diaspora 4, no. 1 (2011): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254611x566099.

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Abstract The recent wave of West African Muslim migration to the West started after the Great War and gained momentum in the 1960s. Sub-Saharan Africans have been particularly successful in finding a niche in Europe and North America partly because of the connection between immigrants and centers of Islamic spirituality and knowledge in Africa provided by a dynamic leadership that straddles the three continents. Based on extensive interviews in the United States and in France and on the examination of Murid internal sources and scholarly secondary literature, this article investigates the efforts of the late Sufi sheikh, Abdoulaye Dièye, to expand the Muridiyya Muslim tariqa in France and North America. I am particularly interested in examining the foundations of Dièye’s appeal, his struggle to earn legitimacy and relevance on the global stage, and the response of diverse constituencies to his calling. I contend that the attraction of Dièye’s teachings to Europeans, Americans, and Africans in the diaspora, is rooted in his dual cultural outlook as a Western educated and traditionally trained Murid.

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15

Silva, Sergio, Rufino Vieira-Lanero, Sandra Barca, and Fernando Cobo. "Densities and biomass of larval sea lamprey populations (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in north-western Spain and data comparisons with other European regions." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 1 (2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15065.

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Although the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758, is a threatened species in Europe, available data on the condition and dynamics of its populations are very limited. Thus, electrofishing surveys were conducted annually between 2007 and 2011, so as to study the status and trends of larval populations of P. marinus in north-western Spain. In addition, data from other European regions were compiled. The density and biomass (mean±standard error) of ammocoetes in selected areas of larval habitat in north-western Spain were 11.0±1.44 individuals m–2 and 15.1±2.64g m–2, and showed signs of a population increase during the study period. However, conservation status of P. marinus was not considered favourable because of several factors, such as the widespread presence of obstacles (restriction of migration and habitat availability), along with some cases of organic pollution. Results and available data suggest that the largest populations of P. marinus as well as the main fisheries are located throughout the south-western areas of Europe (north-central Portugal, north–north-west of Spain and west–south-west of France). Signs of population increases were also registered in other European regions; however, more data are needed to confirm whether this trend has any relevance to a possible overall recovery.

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Jones, Andy M., and Graeme Kirkham. "From Landscape to Portable Art: The Changing Settings of Simple Rock Art in South-West Britain and its Wider Context." European Journal of Archaeology 16, no. 4 (2013): 636–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957113y.0000000039.

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South-west Britain—Cornwall, Devon and west Somerset—has featured little in discussions of British rock art. However, although it lacks the complex motifs found in northern Britain or the rich ornamentation of the Irish passage graves, it has a growing number of sites with simple cup-marks and stands at a pivotal location in the wider distribution of this form of rock art within north-west Europe. This paper considers the cup-mark tradition in south-west Britain and its wider European context, drawing attention to comparable traditions in western France, Wales, and south-west Ireland where simple cup-marks occur in analogous contexts. We propose a chronology for cup-marks in the south-west, from suggested Neolithic origins associated with rock outcrops and chambered tombs through to their use in Bronze Age barrows and subsequently roundhouses in the second millennium BC.

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17

O'Driscoll, Mervyn. "Explosive Challenge: Diplomatic Triangles, the United Nations, and the Problem of French Nuclear Testing, 1959–1960." Journal of Cold War Studies 11, no. 1 (January 2009): 28–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2009.11.1.28.

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France's first nuclear tests in Algeria in 1960 occurred at a critical moment in the Cold War. The United States, Great Britain, and the USSR had suspended their tests in 1958 and had been holding test ban talks in Geneva. British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan faced a vociferous anti-nuclear movement at home and wanted to foster East-West détente. The U.S. State Department wished to prevent Soviet propaganda in the Third World, including the newly independent African and Asian states that strongly opposed French testing. Nonetheless, both Britain and the United States adopted a sympathetic stance toward France in the run-up to the first test in February 1960. Macmillan hoped to move Britain into the European Economic Community and therefore wanted to avoid antagonizing France, whose support for British membership would be crucial. Macmillan also wanted France's backing for a four-power summit to try to achieve East-West détente. Similarly, the United States did not want to alienate France, a key member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

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18

Deighton, Anne. "The Last Piece of the Jigsaw: Britain and the Creation of the Western European Union, 1954." Contemporary European History 7, no. 2 (July 1998): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300004860.

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By 1955, the formation of a Cold War bloc in Western Europe was complete. The Western European Union (WEU), a redesigned Brussels Treaty Organisation (BTO) within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), with West Germany and Italy as members, was created. The 1954 Paris Agreements that established WEU also enabled West Germany to become a virtually sovereign actor, and a member of NATO. The Agreements were effected on the rubble of an acrimonious four-year international debate over a proposed European Defence Community (EDC). This would have created a European army for France, the Benelux countries, Italy and West Germany on the model of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and a parallel political community for the Six.

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Minter, D. W., and P. F. Cannon. "Stereocaulon pileatum . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria 227 (January 2021): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20210391614.

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Abstract A description is provided for Stereocaulon pileatum , found on broad range of rock types. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Greenland, Asia (China, Hong Kong, Republic of Georgia, India, West Bengal, Japan, Korea Republic, Russia, Taiwan, Turkey), Portugal (Azores, Madeira), Caribbean (Dominican Republic), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, France, USA, Alaska, Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Washington), Pacific Ocean (Hawaii), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Brazil, Minas Gerais)).

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Minter, D. W., and P. F. Cannon. "Stereocaulon dactylophyllum . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria 227 (January 2021): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20210391613.

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Abstract A description is provided for Stereocaulon dactylophyllum . Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Arctic Ocean (Greenland), Asia (Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkey), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal, Azores, Madeira), Australasia (Australia), Caribbean, (Guadeloupe, Martinique), Central America (Costa Rica, Nicaragua), Europe (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, France, Mexico, USA, Alaska, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), South America (Argentina, Colombia)).

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21

Abadan-Unat, Nermin. "East-West vs. South-North Migration: Effects upon the Recruitment Areas of the 1960s." International Migration Review 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600213.

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The end of the Cold War has been marked by the re-emergence of nationalism. This article is focused on Turkey and Turkish emigration abroad. It examines integration of second generation immigrants in Western Europe and various forces fostering Islamic identity. It then compares political discourse on immigration in France and Germany. It concludes that the resurgence of ethnic identity as the basis for effective political action in widely divergent societies is a key feature of the post-Cold War period. Immigrants have been actively involved in this general process as witnessed by the role of immigrants in recent conflict in Yugoslavia and Turkey.

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Ruffell, A. "Evolution and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Brittany Basin (Western Approaches Trough), offshore north-west France." Marine and Petroleum Geology 12, no. 4 (January 1995): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(95)96902-3.

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23

Connan, O., D. Maire, D. Hébert, L. Solier, P. Laguionie, M. Rozet, M. Lamotte, and D. Maro. "Tritium in precipitation on 5 sites in North-West France during the 2017–2019 period." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 212 (February 2020): 106129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106129.

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24

Ward, N. "Loran-C System Trials." Journal of Navigation 44, no. 3 (September 1991): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300010122.

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In 1987 a special meeting of IALA held at Trinity House in London expressed a common purpose to enhance and expand existing Loran-C coverage in North-West Europe and the North Atlantic. After two years of negotiation, agreement was finally reached in January of this year to proceed with the project. The countries involved are Canada, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom, with cooperation from the United States and Denmark. They will re-equip six existing United States Coast Guard stations and use two French stations together with four new transmitters to provide four chains, covering the whole of NW Europe and most of the North Atlantic.

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25

Henkel, Daniela, and Dorte Janussen. "Redescription and new records ofCeltodoryx ciocalyptoides(Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida)—a sponge invader in the north east Atlantic Ocean of Asian origin?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 2 (February 7, 2011): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410001487.

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In 1996 a sponge was found in a well studied area in the Ria of Etel, Brittany, France, that had never been recorded there before. This sponge was later described as a new species and genus,Celtodoryx girardaeby Perezet al.(2006), who concluded that it is probably an invasive species. Over several yearsC. girardaewas found to occur successively in the Gulf of Morbihan, France, and Oosterschelde estuary, Netherlands. This sponge is characterized by an extensive spatial broading and therewith it rates today among the dominant benthic megafauna in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Morbihan and Dutch inshore waters. During our recent survey of the Chinese Yellow Sea sponge fauna, we found an abundant species with close morphological similarities toC. girardae. Further taxonomic studies have revealed that both the Chinese and European sponges are in fact conspecific withCornulum ciocalyptoidesdescribed by Burton (1935) from Posiet Bay, Sea of Japan and later recorded from other localities of the North West Pacific (e.g. Koltun, 1971; Sim & Byeon, 1989). In this paper we transfer the species of Burton fromCornulumtoCeltodoryxand consequently it becomes the senior synonym ofC. girardae. Furthermore, we conclude thatCeltodoryx ciocalyptoideswas introduced to the North East Atlantic from the North West Pacific with aquaculture of the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigasas the probable vector. This is probably the first case recorded so far of a sponge species being transferred from one ocean to another by human activity.

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Contiero, Paolo, Giovanna Tagliabue, Gemma Gatta, Jaume Galceran, Jean-Luc Bulliard, Martina Bertoldi, Alessandra Scaburri, and Emanuele Crocetti. "Variation of Cancer Incidence between and within GRELL Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179262.

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Variation in cancer incidence between countries and groups of countries has been well studied. However cancer incidence is linked to risk factors that may vary within countries, and may subsist in localized geographic areas. In this study we investigated between- and within-country variation in the incidence of all cancers combined for countries belonging to the Group for Cancer Epidemiology and Registration in Latin Language Countries (GRELL). We hypothesized that investigation at the micro-level (circumscribed regions and local cancer registry areas) would reveal incidence variations not evident at the macro level and allow identification of cancer incidence hotspots for research, public health, and to fight social inequalities. Data for all cancers diagnosed in 2008–2012 were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol XI. Incidence variation within a country or region was quantified as r/R, defined as the difference between the highest and lowest incidence rates for cancer registries within a country/region (r), divided by the incidence rate for the entire country/region × 100. We found that the area with the highest male incidence had an ASRw 4.3 times higher than the area with the lowest incidence. The area with the highest female incidence had an ASRw 3.3 times higher than the area with the lowest incidence. Areas with the highest male ASRws were Azores (Portugal), Florianopolis (Brazil), Metropolitan France, north Spain, Belgium, and north-west and north-east Italy. Areas with the highest female ASRws were Florianopolis (Brazil), Belgium, north-west Italy, north-east Italy, central Italy, Switzerland and Metropolitan France. Our analysis has shown that cancer incidence varies markedly across GRELL countries but also within several countries: the presence of several areas with high cancer incidence suggests the presence of area-specific risk factors that deserve further investigation.

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27

Zlatkovic-Svenda, Mirjana, Alain Saraux, Tiraje Tuncer, Jolanta Dadoniene, Dalia Miltiniene, Erdal Gilgil, Roksanda Stojanovic, and Francis Guillemin. "Rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis prevalence in four European countries - a comparative study." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh210530063z.

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Introduction/Objective. The objective was to compare rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and subtypes of SpA prevalence in four European countries. Methods. A 33-items detection Questionnaire, containing self-reported diagnosis, classification criteria for RA and SpA, personal and family history, was translated using cross-cultural adaptation and validated in France, Turkey, Lithuania and Serbia, where it was used on a population sample. Suspected cases were evaluated and confirmed by rheumatologist. Prevalence estimates were age- and sex-standardized to European standard population. Results. 33,454 people older than 18 years were screened and 31,454 interviewed: France 14,671, Lithuania 6,558, Serbia 6,213, Turkey 4,012. Standardized RA prevalence varied from 0.29% (95%CI: 0.17-0.40) in France to 0.57% (0.31-0.84) in Turkey; this inequality was mostly caused by differences in women prevalence (from 0.42% in France to 1.02% in Turkey) SpA prevalence was similar in France (0.30%), Serbia (0.35%) and Turkey (0.37%), but in Lithuania it was 0.89%, which could be caused by geographic and genetic differences, as SpA prevalence was higher in North and East Europe, as well as the HLA-B27 presence. SpA prevalence was equally presented by gender for France and Serbia. Regarding SpA subtypes, ankylosing spondylitis prevalence varied from 0.07-0.30% (Serbia-Lithuania), PsA 0.10-0.26% (France-Lithuania), reactive arthritis was 0.09-0.18% (Serbia-Lithuania). Previously non-diagnosed SpA cases were found in 6.9% in France, 25.9% in Lithuania and 31.2% in Serbia. Conclusion. East-West decreasing tendency for the female RA prevalence was noted. SpA was higher in North-Eastern Europe than in its Western and Southern part. One quarter of the SpA patients in Lithuania and one third in Serbia were not previously diagnosed. The SpA population prevalence was higher than expected and similar to RA.

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Antoine, Pierre, Jean Pierre Lautridou, Jean Sommé, Patrick Auguste, Jean Paul Auffret, Stephane Baize, Martine Clet-Pellerin, et al. "Les formations quaternaires de la France du Nord-Ouest : Limites et corrélations [The quaternary formations of North-West France : Boundaries and correlations]." Quaternaire 9, no. 3 (1998): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quate.1998.1605.

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29

"Ceratocystis platani. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (August 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20133161834.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ceratocystis platani (Walter) Engelbr. & T.C. Harr. Ascomycota: Sordariomycetes: Microascales. Hosts: Platanus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Corsica, Mainland France, Greece, Italy, Sicily, Spain, Switzerland), North America (USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia).

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30

"Ceratocystis platani. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20193204539.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ceratocystis platani (Walter) Engelbrecht & Harrington. Sordariomycetes: Microascales: Ceratocystidaceae. Hosts: Platanus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Greece, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sicily, Spain, Switzerland), Asia (Turkey), North America (USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia).

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31

Guillois, Yvonnick, Pascale Bourhy, Florence Ayral, Mathilde Pivette, Anouk Decors, José Héctor Aranda Grau, Benoît Champenois, et al. "An outbreak of leptospirosis among kayakers in Brittany, North-West France, 2016." Eurosurveillance 23, no. 48 (November 29, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.48.1700848.

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In September 2016, a cluster of seven kayakers with clinical symptoms of leptospirosis with onset since July 2016 was reported to French health authorities. Human and animal investigations were undertaken to describe the outbreak, identify the likely place and source of infection and implement necessary control measures. We identified 103 patients with clinical symptoms of leptospirosis between 1 June and 31 October 2016 who lived in the Ille-et-Vilaine district in Brittany. Of these, 14 (including the original seven) reported contacts with the river Vilaine during the incubation period and were defined as outbreak cases: eight were confirmed by serology tests or PCR and six were probable without a laboratory confirmation for leptospirosis. All 14 cases were kayakers. Three distinct contamination sites were identified on a 30 km stretch of the river Vilaine. Nine cases reported having skin wounds while kayaking. None were vaccinated against leptospirosis. The outbreak was attributed to Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa. Animal investigations did not allow identifying the possible reservoir. Leptospirosis outbreaks associated with freshwater sports are rare in temperate climates. The prevention of such outbreaks requires control of potential animal reservoirs in zones such as the Vilaine valley and that kayakers adopt the recommended individual prevention measures.

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32

Paget, W. J. "Increasing laboratory confirmed cases of influenza in Europe, particularly cases of influenza B in the south west." Weekly releases (1997–2007) 7, no. 2 (January 9, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esw.07.02.02145-en.

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Eleven networks in Europe reported no influenza activity to the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS, http://www.eiss.org/) in the week ending 29 December 2002 (week 52). Four networks reported sporadic activity (Belgium, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland), and one network (France) reported regional activity (1). A report of no influenza activity indicates that the overall level of clinical activity was at baseline levels. In France, influenza activity was the highest in the Rhône-Alpes (south east), the Midi-Pyrénées (south west) and the Normandy (north west) regions. The intensity of clinical activity was medium in Spain and low in all of the other networks.

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33

King, L. A., and collective the French multidisciplinary outbreak investigation team. "Two severe cases of botulism associated with industrially produced chicken enchiladas, France, August 2008." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 37 (September 11, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.37.18978-en.

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Two severe familial cases of botulism were reported to the health authorities in Brittany, north-west France, on 11 August 2008. An investigation was undertaken to identify additional cases, the vehicle of transmission, and to put in place adapted control measures.

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34

"Toumeyella parvicornis. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December (December 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20210515315.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell). Hemiptera: Coccidae. Hosts: Pinus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Italy), North America (Canada, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States (Alabama, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)).

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35

"Corythucha arcuata. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20193256147.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Corythucha arcuata (Say). Hemiptera: Tingidae. Hosts: oak (Quercus spp.) and American chestnut (Castanea dentata). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland), Asia (Iran, Turkey) and North America (Canada, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Alabama, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia).

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36

"Synchytrium endobioticum. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 7) (August 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500001.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival Fungi: Chytridiomycota: Chytridiales Hosts: Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Mainland France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Mainland Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Central Russia Russia, Northern Russia, Southern Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, Armenia, Bhutan, India, Sikkim, West Bengal, Nepal, AFRICA, Algeria, South Africa, Tunisia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Newfoundland, Mexico, USA, Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Chile, Falkland Islands, Peru, Uruguay, OCEANIA, New Zealand.

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37

"Phytophthora infestans mating type A2. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20056500728.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary mating type A2. Hosts: Potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and others. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Canada, British Columbia, Egypt, Estonia, France, Mainland France, Germany, India, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic, Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Russia (European), Russian Far East, Siberia, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, USA, Florida, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington.

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38

"Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (July 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20163142759.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytoplasma ulmi. Mollicutes: Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae. Hosts: elm (Ulmus spp.) and Japanese elm (Zelkova spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Serbia, UK, England and Wales), North America (Canada, Ontario, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and West Virginia).

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39

"Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20193460897.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytoplasma ulmi. Mollicutes: Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae. Hosts: elm (Ulmus spp.), Japanese elm (Zelkova spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, UK, England, Wales), North America (Canada, Ontario, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, West Virginia).

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40

Cannon, P. F. "Crutarndina petractoides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 215 (August 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20183343760.

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Abstract A description is provided for Crutarndina petractoides, reported from living bark of smooth-barked trees, especially Corylus avellana. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (South Africa), North America (Bahamas, Canada (British Columbia), USA (Alabama, California, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, Tennessee)), South America (Ecuador), Asia (Singapore), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)), Europe (France, Ireland, Lithuania, Norway, UK)). This species is routinely used in the British Isles and Norway as an indicator when making ecological assessments, particularly temperate rain forest, and specifically as an indicator of ecological continuity, particularly in the west of Ireland and the west of Scotland.

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41

"Metcalfa pruinosa. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (August 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20183202724.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Metcalfa pruinosa (Say). Heteroptera: Flatidae. Hosts: Grapes (Vitis sp.), fruit and ornamental trees. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Balearic Islands, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK and Ukraine), Asia (Korea Republic amd Turkey), North America (Canada, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, DIstrict of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin) and Central America and Caribbean (Bermuda).

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42

"Diplodia corticola. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, April (August 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20203227934.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diplodia corticola Phillips, Alves & Luque. Dothideomycetes: Botryosphaeriaceae. Hosts: Quercus spp., grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Corsica, Greece, Italy, Sardinia, Portugal, Spain), Africa (Algeria, Tunisia), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin).

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43

"Elatobium abietinum. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December (August 1, 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp20056600222.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Elatobium abietinum (Walker) [Hemiptera: Aphididae)] Spruce aphid. Attacks Picea spp., Pseudotsuga menziesii. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, East Germany, West Germany, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, USSR, Latvian SSR, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, USA, California, District of Columbia, North Carolina, Oregon, Utah, Washington, SOUTH AMERICA, Chile.

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44

"Erwinia chrysanthemi. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 1) (August 1, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20056500576.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder, McFadden & Dimock pv. dieffenbachiae (McFadden) Dye. Hosts: Diefienbachia species (including D. amoena D. arvida. D. picta). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Denmark, France, German, Federal Republic, Italy, UK, NORTH AMERICA, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Honduras, Puerto Rico.

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45

"Pleasure travel markets to North America: Japam, United Kingdom, West Germany, France-Highlights Reports." Annals of Tourism Research 15, no. 2 (January 1988): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(88)90141-7.

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46

Cannon, P. F. "Hypocreopsis rhododendri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 220 (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20193512560.

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Abstract A description is provided for Hypocreopsis rhododendri, which is considered to be a superficial parasite of Hymenochaetopsis corrugata (as Hymenochaete corrugata and Pseudochaete corrugata), itself a broad-spectrum wood-rotting species most typically found associated with Corylus avellana (hence 'hazel gloves', the vernacular English name of Hypocreopsis rhododendri). Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Maine, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia)), Europe (France, Ireland, Russia (Moscow Oblast), Spain, UK)).

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47

"Armillaria tabescens. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (August 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20093074264.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel. Basidiomycota: Agaricales. Hosts: Many trees and grape (Vitis spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Czech Republic, France (Corsica, Mainland France), Germany, Greece (Mainland Greece), Italy (Mainland Italy), Montenegro, Netherlands, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Mainland Spain), UK (England and Wales)), Asia (China (Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), India, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu), Korea Republic, Malaysia, Nepal, Turkey), Africa (Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Tanzania, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA (Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)), Central America and Caribbean (Panama, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Brazil), Oceania (Fiji).

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48

"Harmonia axyridis. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (August 1, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20073108413.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Coleoptera: Coccinellidae. Hosts: Malus spp., Pyrus spp. and Vitis spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, France, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Mainland Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Central Russia, Eastern Siberia, Far East, Northern Russia, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine), Asia (China, Anhui, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Mongolia, Taiwan), Africa (Egypt), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan), USA (Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Parana).

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49

"Potebniamyces coniferarum. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 3) (August 1, 1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500320.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Potebniamyces coniferarum (Hahn) Smerlis. Hosts: Coniferae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Australasia, New Zealand, Europe, Belgium, Britain & Northetn Ireland, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Sweden, USSR, Leningrad, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Quebec, USA, Mass, Nebraska, Pacific NW, Central America & West Indies, Honduras, Nicaragua.

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50

"Cronartium ribicola. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 6) (August 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500006.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. Fungi: Basidiomycota: Uredinales Hosts: 5-needled pines such as Pinus strobus, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus monticola, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus pumila, Pinus parviflora; also Ribes spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Mainland France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Mainland Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Central Russia Russia, Eastern, , Russian Far East Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, China, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, India, Jammu and Kashmir, Iran, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, North Korea, Korea Republic, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

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