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Boyne, Andrew W. "Diet and reproductive success of Herring Gulls nesting on the middle north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50725.pdf.
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Boyne, Andrew. "Diet and reproductive success of herring gulls nesting on the middle north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21516.
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Breeding biology and diet of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus were studied on Ile Nue, in the Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Nesting parameters were measured 1994--1996, and fledging success and diet were followed in 1996. Clutch size was low in all three years of the study, and hatching success was low in 1995. Low clutch size and hatching success could not be explained by researcher disturbance, predation, or competition for nest sites, leaving food-stress as the most likely explanation. To reduce the biases associated with determining diet, we used four methods to estimate diet. The 1996 breeding season was divided into three periods using changes in the number of gulf pellets collected from roost sites as an indirect measure of dietary changes; these periods corresponded to the pre-spawning, spawning, and post-spawning periods of capelin Mallotus villosus. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Dietrich, Pierre. "Faciès, architectures stratigraphiques et dynamiques sédimentaires en contexte de régression forcée glacio-isostatique : la réponse pro- à paraglaciaire des complexes deltaïques de la Côte Nord de l'Estuaire et du Golf du Saint-Laurent (Québec, Canada)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH019/document.
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La Côte Nord de l’Estuaire et du Golfe du St. Laurent (Québec, Canada) est caractérisée par une série de complexes deltaïques mis en place en contexte de chute de Niveau Marin Relatif (NMR) forcée par le rebond glacio-isostatique, lors du retrait des marges de l’Inlandsis Laurentidien. L’étude de trois complexes deltaïques montre qu’un motif d’évolution morphostratigraphique contrôlé par le retrait des marges glaciaires prévalait au premier ordre. Le premier stade de sédimentation se caractérise par la mise en place de cônes d’épandage juxtaglaciaires sous-aquatiques. Leur localisation au front de la marge glaciaire fait que la répartition spatiale des corps sédimentaires montre localement un empilement en rétrogradation. Dès l’émergence d’un front glaciaire continental, des deltas proglaciaires se développent en contexte de chute de NMR, formant des lobes dont l’altitude décroît vers le bassin. Ces derniers sont initialement associés à un système fluviatile en tresse alimenté en sédiments glaciogéniques par les marges glaciaires en retrait. Malgré des taux de chute de NMR de plusieurs cm/an, aucune incision fluviatile n’est observée à ce stade et la dynamique de transfert est prédominante du fait des forts taux d’apports sédimentaires. Plus tard, à la suite du retrait des marges glaciaires hors des bassins versants, le remaniement paraglaciaire se développe du fait de la réduction drastique des apports en eaux et sédiments. Le système fluviatile, devenu méandriforme, s’encaisse dans les anciens dépôts deltaïques maintenant inactifs et les bordures de deltas sont remaniées par les processus littoraux (plages soulevées, terrasses marines). Cette étude révèle que la majorité du volume de ces complexes deltaïques (10-20 km3) est mis en place en quelques milliers d’années seulement, immédiatement après la déglaciation ; le remaniement paraglaciaire n’ayant contribué à l’accrétion deltaïque que très marginalement. La modélisation numérique (Dionisos) valide les différents forçages identifiés par l’analyse morphosédimentaire. Une synthèse des complexes deltaïques à l’échelle de toute la Côte Nord du St. Laurent a permis de catégoriser 21 complexes deltaïques en 4 scénarios d’évolution morphosédimentaire, directement liés à la dynamique de retrait de la marge glaciaire. Leur décryptage offre une clef de lecture originale pour l’historique du retrait des marges glaciaires de l’Inlandsis Laurentidien sur la période 12-7.5 ka cal BPThe North Shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf is characterized by the presence of deltaic complexes that were emplaced under falling Relative Sea Level (RSL) forced by the glacio-isostatic rebound, immediately after the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) margin. The study of three deltaic complexes reveals that a common morphostratigraphic evolution forced by the retreat of the LIS prevailed for the edification of these structures, reflecting the retreat of the LIS margin. The emplacement of subaqueous outwash fans beyond the retreating or stillstanding glaciomarine margin constitutes the first stage of this evolution. As tied to the ice-margin position, these fans are characterized in places by a backstepping stacking pattern, in spite of the forced regressive setting. From the emergence of a continental ice front, the proglacial deltaic system develops and forms lobes staged accordingly to the RSL fall. These deltaic systems actively prograde at that time because they are fed in glaciogenics by the retreating LIS margin through braided meltwater streams. In spite of the RSL fall reaching several centimeters per years, no fluvial entrenchment occurs mainly owing to the significant amount of sediment supply. Later, when the LIS margin retreats from the drainage basins of feeding rivers, fluvial systems experience a drastic drop in sediment supply that forced the interruption of the deltaic progradation and the onset of paraglacial reworking. The paraglacial reworking consists in the entrenchment of a meandering fluvial system within former deltaic deposits and shows the prevalence of shallow-marine processes (waves, tides) at the delta rim (raised beaches, marine terraces). This study reveals that the bulk of the deltaic volume (c.a. 10-20 km3) for each complex was emplaced in only a few thousands of years following the LIS margin retreat when the latter was still located in the drainage basin. The paraglacial reworking had a minor influence on the deltaic accretion. A forward stratigraphic model (Dionisos) is used to validate the variety of forcing as understood from the sedimentary analysis. A synthesis including 21 deltaic complexes of the St. Lawrence North Shore allowed the establishment of a fourfold categorization. This scheme of deltaic evolution was used in order to refine the position of the LIS margin retreating upland for a period ranging from 12 to 7.5 ka cal BP
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Brionne, Charles. "Signatures morphosédimentaires de la dynamique juxta-glaciaire à la transition de fronts glaciaires marins à terrestres : le cas de la Côte-Nord du Québec (estuaire et golfe du St Laurent)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH005.
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Cette thèse combine une double approche géomorphologique et sédimentologique associée à l’utilisation de données LiDAR, bathymétriques, photogrammétrie drone et de datations radiocarbones. Elle a permis de reconstituer les paléos dynamiques glaciaires en contexte de déglaciation pour l’Inlandsis Laurentidien depuis le dernier maximum glaciaire, il y a environ 20 000 ans, et plus précisément au passage d’une marge glaciaire ancrée en mer à une marge glaciaire continentale Deux études ont été menées conjointement, soit : (1) la cartographie, la synthèse et la proposition d’un modèle concernant les mégacannelures de la Côte-Nord du Saint-Laurent, une première pour ces morphologies et (2) la reconstruction de l’enregistrement géomorphologique et morphosédimentaire du complexe sédimentaire de Pentecôte, mimant précisément cette transition. D’une manière générale, cette thèse démontre l’importance de l’héritage structural et de la physiographie du plancher au marge glaciaire dans la reconstruction de la dynamique glaciaire de retrait de la marge du LIS orientalThis thesis combines a dual geomorphological and sedimentological approach with the use of LiDAR data, bathymetry, drone photogrammetry and radiocarbon dating. It has enabled us to reconstruct the glacial paleodynamics in a deglaciation context for the Laurentide ice sheet since the last glacial maximum, around 20,000 years ago, and more specifically during the transition from an ice margin anchored at sea to a continental ice margin: (1) mapping, synthesising and proposing a model for the megagrooves of the North Shore of the St Lawrence, a first study for these morphologies, and (2) reconstructing the geomorphological and morphosedimentary record of the Pentecôte sedimentary complex, which precisely represents this transition. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the importance of the structural heritage and physiography of the floor at the glacial margin in the reconstruction of the glacial retreat dynamics of the eastern LIS margin
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Spake, Phillip. "Geothermal Exploration North of Mount St. Helens." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/585881.
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GeologyM.S.
Active seismicity and volcanism north of Washington state’s Mount St. Helens provide key ingredients for hydrothermal circulation at depth. This broad zone of seismicity defines the St. Helens Seismic Zone, which extends well north of the volcanic edifice below where several faults and associated fractures in outcrop record repeated slip, dilation, and alteration indicative of localized fluid flow. Candidate reservoir rocks for a geothermal system include marine metasediments overlain by extrusive volcanics. The colocation of elements comprising a geothermal system at this location is tested here by analysis of the structures potentially hosting a reservoir, their relationship to the modern stress state, and temperature logs to a depth of 250 m. Outcrop mapping and borehole image log analysis down to 244 m document highly fractured volcaniclastic deposits and basalt flows. Intervening ash layers truncate the vertical extent of most structures. However, large strike slip faults with well-developed fault cores and associated high fracture density cross ash layers; vein filling and alternation of the adjacent host rock in these faults suggest they act as vertically extensive flow paths. These faults and associated fractures record repeated slip, dilation, and healing by various dolomite, quartz, and hematite, as well as clay alteration, indicative of long-lived, localized fluid flow. In addition, where these rocks are altered by igneous intrusion, they host high fracture density that facilitated heat transfer evidenced by associated hydrothermal alteration. Breakouts in image logs indicate the azimuth of SHmax in the shear zone is broadly consistent with both the GPS plate convergence velocity field as well as seismically active strike slip faults and strike-slip faults mapped in outcrop and borehole image logs. However, the local orientation of SHmax varies by position relative to the edifice and in some cases with depth along the borehole making a simple regional average SHmax azimuth misleading. Boreholes within the seismic zone display a wider variety of fracture attitudes than those outside the shear zone, potentially promoting permeability. Temperature profiles in these wells all indicate isothermal conditions at average groundwater temperatures, consistent with rapidly flowing water localized within fractures. Together, these results indicate that the area north of Mount Saint Helens generates and maintains porosity and permeability suggesting that conditions necessary for a geothermal system are present, although as yet no modern heat source or hydrothermal circulation was detected at shallow depth.
Temple University--Theses
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Billot, Jennie Margaret. "Women's agency in the North Shore and Waitakere cities of Auckland (New Zealand)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9908064.
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This thesis examines the ways in which women assess and seek resources in their urban contexts. I argue that the struggles of daily life in local communities and institutional groups can produce ideological spaces into which new practices, arising from increased consciousness of issues, can be developed. My aim has been to uncover women's experiences in a way that not only interprets meanings from their practices, but also encourages such practices to be seen as valid renderings of women's understandings. I examine women's initiatives through the analysis of varying contexts. While I acknowledge the historical importance of the domestic situation as a threshold for much historic activism, women's proactivity requires a broader situational analysis. I therefore present cases of proactivity within the domestic, public and business spheres, within the two cities of Waitakere and North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. Through the search for new progressive social identities, women's activities at the inter-personal level are a prime source of social change. It is through the recursive relationship between women as agents and the social structure, that changing interpretations of social expectations are produced, allowing for creative activism. While women's initiatives may aim to transform particular social environments, they become part of the incremental process of change that alters the experience and structure of women's lives. The thesis has four parts. The first outlines the scope, objectives and theoretical framework, while the second conceptualises women's agency and its positioning within social gendered structures. Part Three presents the investigative processes linking the theoretical framework and the empirical analysis. Part Four submits the thematic interpretations of the thesis, concluding that women can be agents of social change in a diversity of ways. I acknowledge my feminist stance, one with layerings of objectives and motivations. I view women's circumstances as resulting from the interweaving of structural forces and personal capacities. The resulting awareness of women's experiences can challenge the values and concepts of masculine discourses. This is viewed through the concept of multiplicity. On a political level this means creating a resistance to hierarchies and a commitment to a plurality of voice, style and structure.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Markus, Felicia. "Living on another shore : early Scandinavian settlement on the North-Western Estonian coast /." Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University [Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, Uppsala universitet], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4717.
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Lapierre, Christine. "Shop-floor society : work and social relations on the North Shore of Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83191.
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Iron Bay is a small community situated on the North Shore of the province of Quebec, where people work mainly in the resources and industrial sectors. This study examines the social relations of the workers of an iron pellet plant in that community, both at work and outside. The social organization of work, the relations between hierarchical orders at work and leisure activities are examined to produce an ethnographic account of the way of life of an affluent, if isolated, segment of the working class of Quebec.
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Calliari, Lauro Julio. "Cross-shore and longshore sediment size distribution on southern Currituck Spit, North Carolina." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616594.
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Using Q-mode factor analysis, 87 surficial sediment samples collected from Duck and Whalehead beach, North Carolina, were analyzed using the weight percent of the gravel and sand fraction subdivided at 0.5 phi class interval as variables. An additional data set composed of 178 surficial sediment samples from Duck beach (bimodal) and Coquina beach (unimodal fine) representing three years of sampling at monthly intervals were analyzed by the same technique using only the sand fraction. The spatial and temporal patterns of sediment factor groups support three main inferences. (1) Bimodal beaches display a more distinct sediment zonation than unimodal beaches. (2) On a long term basis (yearly), cross-shore grain-size distributions represent depositional processes. Particularly on bimodal beaches, the association of sediment factor groups with specific zones of the beach profile delineates a textural differentiation produced by the type and amount of energy inherent in each zone. Combinations of Q-mode factor analysis and other environmental sensitive techniques (e.g. log-probability plots of grain-size distributions) proved to be useful for interpreting sedimentary processes at the depositional site. (3) The cross-shore patterns which represent an average of the sedimentary processes occurring under fair weather and storm conditions indicate that coarse sediments are concentrated on the backshore. In contrast, fine sediments are located landward or shoreward of this zone where they are exposed to energy conditions that result in their depletion in the subaerial beach. Using the Q-mode factor model, 350 new sediment samples from beaches located between Duck and Oregon Inlet were "mapped" in the factor space defined by the Duck-Coquina data set. The along-coast results support the cross-shore trends observed in the previous studies and indicates that there are several sources of coarse sediments between Duck and Oregon Inlet. Sedimentologic, stratigraphic and seismic data offshore and landward of the barrier substantiate these findings and demonstrate that differences in subaerial beach morphology in this part of Currituck Spit, is primarily due to the availability of coarse sediments from the paleodrainage of the Albemarle river.
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Longo, Matthew. "Reciprocal with the landscape : observations and transformation of village form in the North Shore." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31001.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: p. 155-160.
The purpose of this thesis is to suggest an alternative way of responding to context in architectural design. The thesis is an exploration in how the formal structure of a place influences the experience of that place, and how these principles of formal structure can, in turn, be incorporated into contemporary architecture. The goal of the thesis is to move beyond the image of a place and emphasize the essential quality of human "scale / size". This quality is in the form of the villages of the North Shore. The work here is an attempt to show that by identifying these underlying principles that build the form of these villages, contemporary architecture can be designed to reinforce the same positive associations found in the village form. The thesis has three parts: I. Observation Studies -- Four village streets are documented and formal structure analyzed. II. Principles for Building t he Hater's Edge -- A discussion about transformation of observations and formal principles into contemporary form. III. Design Studies -- Manchester Waterfront is the site selected to explore the principles of formal structure using a mixed use program for a commercial development.
by Matthew Longo.
M.Arch
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Steinberg, Mia K. "To be or not to be the presence and absence of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus in North America /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 85 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1609283441&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mendonca, Vanda Maria Domingos. "Predator-prey interactions in a sandy shore system in the Moray Firth, North-East Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU106181.
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56 invertebrate species were identified from the sediment at Culbin. There was little evidence of consistent and easily interpretable seasonal cycles for the main invertebrates, but several species tended to have higher abundance during the autumn or early winter. Annual production by invertebrates was 15-23 gAFDW.m-2.yr-1. Arenicola marina was the most important in terms of standing stock in the sediment, followed by the bivalve Cerastoderma edule. Production values of cockles were 1.4-3.4 gAFDW.m-2.yr-1. The most abundant epibenthic species were the brown shrimp Crangon crangon, the common goby Pomatoschistus microps and plaice Pleuronectes platessa, but other fish (e.g. sandeel Ammodytes tobianus, three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, fifteen-spined stickleback Spinachia spinachia, sea scorpion Myoxocephalus scorpio, pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformes, sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus, and flounder Plactichthys flesus), crab (e.g. shore crab Carcinus maenas and hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus ) and starfish (Asterias rubens) were also present. The most important prey were amphipods (mainly Bathyporeia) for the brown shrimp and common goby, and bivalves (siphons of adult individuals) for plaice. Despite the relatively high consumption rates manipulative field experiments showed that none of the predators had significant impact on invertebrate prey densities, although shorebirds had significant size effects on the prey, especially on the larger size classes of the bivalves C. edule and Macoma balthica. These results are in line with others found all around the world such as in the Ythan estuary, Scotland (e.g. Raffaelli & Hall, 1992, Anim. Ecol. 61: 551-560), USA (Wilson, 1994, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 196(1) : 15-25), and in New Zealand (Trush et al., 1994, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 107(3) : 211-222).
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Sinclair, Donna Lynn. "Contested Visions of Place: People, Power, and Perception on the Columbia's North Shore, 1805-1913." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3068.
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This is a narrative of place, of intersections between people, power, and perception of landscape. The environs of the Columbia River Gorge create a very distinct sense of place. Where once a series of three rapids - the Cascades of the Columbia - blocked industrial upriver transport, now Bonneville Dam and Locks allows smooth passage. To the north the vast 1.3 million acre Gifford Pinchot National Forest dominates the landscape. On the Columbia's banks lies the town of Stevenson, Washington, with Carson a few miles away, in a transitory ecological zone between east and west, at the forest's edge. There, community development has been manifestly influenced by human relationships to the landscape.
Contested visions of place during the nineteenth century resulted in violent conflict and framed debates over place.Examining struggles over who would control access, first to the Cascades of the Columbia, and then to the timber of the Wind River Valley, provides a venue for examining power - of nature, ideas, and changing human cultures as overlapping groups imposed their views of the good life onto the landscape. As each successive group gained power, the relationships of humans to the land, and to one another, changed.
By examining historic connections between river and forest, and between human communities to each, this study identifies multiple meanings of the same environment for different groups. I use a bioregional approach, exploring relationships between land, people and resources on the Columbia's north bank between 1805 and 1913. Power relations at the Cascades and in the forest were determined through conflict, negotiation, and the federal government, with the human relationship to nature influencing outcomes. Conflict often resulted from struggles over access to place, while human groups negotiated their place within the landscape. Nature privileged one group over another through disease, fire, and human perception, while the United States government co-opted place through public land laws, Indian removal, and by measuring and bounding the landscape. Who gained access to the river and forest of the Columbia's north shore, and how they did it, is the focus of this story.
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Buqa, Wonke. "The role of St. Augustine as a North African church historian." Diss., Pretoria : [S.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11202007-110736/.
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Badger, Nathan Joel. "Shoreline bluff failures, a GIS assessment of susceptibility and risk for Lake Erie's north central shore." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ52214.pdf.
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Hull, John Sterling. "Analyzing the potential for tourism to promote sustainable economic development on the Lower North Shore of Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0026/NQ50188.pdf.
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Schmidt, Susanne Th. "Alteration under conditions of burial metamorphism in the North Shore Volcanic Group, Minnesota : mineralogical and geochemical zonation /." Heidelberg : Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374301378.
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Woolner, David B. 1955. "Storm in the north Atlantic : the St. Pierre and Miquelon affair of 1941." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59988.
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About twelve miles to the south of Newfoundland's Burin Peninsula, there are two small islands, called St. Pierre and Miquelon which have belonged to France for nearly four centuries. In June of 1940 when France succumbed to the onslaught of the Nazis, the territory, like all other French holdings in the New World, fell under the control of the Vichy French government. But on December 24th, 1941, the Islands were seized by a Free French Naval task force acting under the direction of Charles de Gaulle, who had ordered this action not only in direct contradiction to the expressed wishes of the Allies, but also after having specifically assured them that he would not attempt to undertake such a move. The result was a serious diplomatic crisis, the ramifications of which far outweighed any importance the Islands themselves may have had. For by seizing this territory de Gaulle had brought himself into direct conflict with U.S. policy regarding the Western Hemisphere and, in addition, created great difficulties between the Allies over the issue of U.S. recognition of Vichy, versus British support for de Gaulle.This thesis, then, will examine the events which led up to this crisis, and will attempt to ascertain what significance, if any, it had on the conduct of the war as a whole.
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SOUZA, GILBERTO BAPTISTA DE. "MERCURY IN THE LIGHTHOUSE OF ST. TOMÉ REEF, NORTH OF RIO DE JANEIRO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21195@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRONeste estudo foram determinadas as concentrações de mercúrio total (Hgtotal) na fauna agregada aos recifes arenosos formados por poliquetas, Phragmatopoma lapidosa, com o intuito de se verificar a transferência trófica deste elemento. Além da biota presente como, mexilhão (Perna perna), alga verde (Ulva spp.), caranguejo-porcelana (Pachycheles sp), molusca gastrópoda (Thais haemastoma) e sua postura, o Hgtotal também foi determinado no material particulado em suspensão e no sedimento superficial da região localizada no Farol de São Tomé (22 04 52 S e 041 06 59 W), no norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esta área oceânica pertence a uma região de transição faunística, que apresenta uma grande biodiversidade. O Hgtotal nas amostras bióticas e abióticas secas foi determinado em um espectrômetro de absorção atômica com vapor frio, acoplado a um sistema de injeção em fluxo Perkin Elmer, modelo FIAS 400. Para se caracterizar a área, os parâmetros físicos e químicos pH, Eh, salinidade e temperatura foram determinados. A concentração de clorofila a também foi determinada (0,004 ug.L menos 1) classificando o ambiente como oligotrófico no momento da coleta. O total de sólidos em suspensão apresentou uma concentração baixa de Hgtotal (156,78 mais ou menos 0,61 ug.kg menos 1). Dentre a biota analisada a molusca gastrópoda apresentou a maior concentração nos seus tecidos moles (82,75 mais ou menos 5,78 ug.kg menos 1). Entretanto a sua principal fonte de alimento, o mexilhão apresentou uma concentração de Hgtotal quatro vezes menor (19,13 mais ou menos 0,58 ug.kg menos1) e a sua postura aproximadamente onze vezes menor (7,36 mais ou menos 0,71 ug.kgmenos1). A partir destes dados conclui-se que houve a transferência trófica do Hgtotal entre os organismos estudados.
In order to verify the trophic transfer of mercury, the concentrations of total mercury (Hgtotal) were determined in the aggregated fauna from a sand reef region formed by polychaetes, Phragmatopoma lapidosa. In addition to the aggregated fauna, mussel (Perna perna), green algae (Ulva spp.), porcelain crab (Pachycheles sp) and gastropod (Thais haemastoma) and its posture, Hgtotal were also determined in the suspended particulate matter and in the superficial sediments from the region of the Lighthouse of St. Tomé Reef, Northern Rio de Janeiro State (22 04 52 S, 041 06 59 W). This oceanic area belongs to a transitional faunistic region, which presents a great biodiversity. Hgtotal in the biotic and abiotic samples were determined by a cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, coupled to a flow injection system, Perkin Elmer FIAS 400. In order to characterize the superficial water layer of the region, some physical and chemical water parameters (pH, Eh, salinity and temperature) were determined. At the moment of the water sampling, the concentrations of chlorophyll a (0.004 ug.L less 1) in the water column indicated that the trophic state was oligotrophic. The total suspended particulate matter showed a low mean of Hgtotal (156.78 more or less 0.61 ug.kg less 1). The gastropod soft tissues presented the highest Hgtotal (82.75 more or less 5.78 ug.kg less1) and were approximately fourfold higher than those found in its main food items, the mussel (19.13 more or less 0.58 ug.kg less 1). However, mercury concentrations in gastropod posture (7.36 more or less 0.71ug.kg less 1) were eleven times lower than those found in gastropod soft tissues. From these data, it suggests that there is trophic transfer of mercury between organisms studied.
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O'Grady, Kevin Lawrence. "Facing natural hazards : uncertain and intertemporal elements of choosing shore protection along the Great Lakes /." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165904/.
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Kahrer, Anna Gabrielle. "Logging and landscape change on the north shore of Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, 1860's to 1930's." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28079.
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Logging constituted the first industry on the North Shore of Burrard Inlet and remained an important part of the local economy until its decline in the early 1930's. Between the 1860's and the 1930's enormous changes were made in West Coast logging technology, and lumbermen had an increasingly visible impact on the forest landscape as they employed industrial technology in the woods. Over the decades the spatial pattern of the lumber industry on the North Shore changed significantly: lumber operations moved away from the water's edge into the steep slopes of the North Shore Mountains.
This thesis offers a study of early forest exploitation in this Coast Mountain environment. It examines how innovations in logging transport technology affected the spatial pattern and the environmental impact of the industry. Changing market conditions for lumber and shingle products are included in the discussion. In many ways the North Shore of Burrard Inlet was a microcosm of logging technology on the West Coast. Company records, historical maps and photographs, surveyor's field notes, reports of the Forest Branch and the Water Rights Branch and various correspondence files provided the majority of the primary data. Remains of logging operations were located during numerous hikes in the North Shore Mountains.
From the 1860's to the 1890's human and animal power was used in the woods and lumber operations had a relatively small impact on the forest ecosystem. After the turn of the century steam power was adopted in the North Shore forests and lumbermen began to change the appearance of the land. By the 1920's several capital-intensive, large scale operations had emerged which employed logging railroads, trucks, and high-lead-yarding. They pushed into steep, hitherto inaccessible slopes and left barren, slash-covered clear cuts, prone to forest fires. Cutting regulations were virtually nonexistent
and the devastated hill sides were left to natural regeneration.
The public grew increasingly concerned over logging operations in Vancouver's water supply areas and the Greater Vancouver Water District was incorporated in 1924 to protect these watersheds. It gradually bought out all lumber companies; by the early 1930's the Capilano, Lynn and Seymour catchment areas were closed watersheds.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Folkes, Sharon. "Citizen participation and the redevelopment of urban land : a case study of the north shore of False Creek." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28571.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the citizen participation process for the planning of Pacific Place on the north shore of False Creek in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Pacific Place development is a large-scale comprehensive development which will change the character of Vancouver over the next ten years.
A literature review of citizen participation was undertaken. This identifies the basic elements of democracy and citizen participation - political equality, popular sovereignty, representation, and the public interest. The current form of representative democracy and elite decision making in society today is accepted and results in a recognition of interests and power in the decision making process. A model which accounts for these elements is selected for the analysis and evaluation of the Pacific Place citizen participation process.
The Benwell model of citizen participation contains six dimensions:
1. representational - representativeness, general public, interest groups, goals and objectives of the actors;
2. citizen involvement - the participation techniques used;
3. form of communication - information dispersal, information gathering, interaction between planners and public;
4. phasing/timing - vis a vis the planning process;
5. power/influence/authority - success in meeting goals and objectives;
6. scale of decision - political context, scale of development. It is concluded that the process was representative and that the extent of the techniques was good. The process was constrained by the goals and objectives of the City and the developer, the lack of variety in techniques, the form of communication, the multi-phased planning process, the political context, and the scale of development. The power/influence/authority dimension shows that the City and developer were successful in meeting their objectives and thus wield more power. While some public and group objectives were achieved it is difficult to determine whether this was a result of the planners' influence or citizen input. Therefore power is attributed, with uncertainty, to certain groups and the general public.
The Pacific Place citizen participation process, while extensive, cannot be described as truly participatory according to popular theory and analytical frameworks for citizen participation as no advisory role, influence, or decision making responsibility was guaranteed to the public. The potential of citizen participation is discussed in relation to democracy, urban development, and power. It is concluded that true participation is difficult to achieve but that some level of participation beyond informing and consulting must be promoted in order to bring planning closer to democratic values. It is recommended that the process could be improved with a variety of techniques such as workshops, better questionnaires or surveys, a citizen advisory committee, and a newspaper insert. Recommendation for theory and future research are also provided.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Anderson, Dylan Rory. "A hybrid approach to beach erosion mitigation and amenity enhancement, St Francis Bay, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008192.
Full textAbstract:
The St Francis Bay beach has experienced chronic erosion over the past three decades. This erosion can largely be attributed to the stabilisation of a large coastal dunefield which contributed +/- 80 percent of the sand supply to St Francis Bay. Stabilisation began in 1975 initially using plant cuttings and followed by the development of the Santareme holiday suburb resulting in complete stabilisation by 1985. Effects were felt from the late 1970‟s and since then the beach has retreated at between 0.5 - 3 m.yr-1. Erosion has encroached on beachfront properties since the early 1990‟s, leading to the placement of 3-4 m high unsightly rock revetments along much of the beach. Where properly maintained these structures have proved successful in protecting the properties behind, however exacerbated erosion of areas in front and adjacent to these structures is evident. Currently no dry beach is present at high tide for most of the year, leading to a significant reduction in beach amenity value. Several technical studies to investigate remediation of this beach erosion problem have been conducted since the early 1990‟s. This study includes investigations into the processes and dynamics of the existing environment and evaluation of the effectiveness and impacts of several elements of a hybrid approach to coastal protection and amenity enhancement for St Francis Bay beach. This proposal incorporated: Multi-Purpose Reefs (MPR‟s) offshore, for coastal protection and amenity enhancement in terms of surfing; beach nourishment with sand from the Kromme Estuary and dune rehabilitation with appropriate native sand binding species. Extensive fieldwork and data collection were conducted, this included: a series of bathymetric surveys; diving surveys and a helicopter flight; sediment sampling; beach profiling and deployment of a wave/current meter. Analysis of these data provided a greater understanding of the existing environment and dynamics of St Francis Bay and provided reliable inputs for numerical modelling. Numerical and physical modelling was conducted to assess the existing processes and conduct MPR design testing. In addition calibrated hydrodynamic modelling of the Kromme Estuary was conducted in order to assess the impacts of sand extraction from the large sand banks within the mouth of the Kromme Estuary for use as beach nourishment. Comparison of bathymetric survey data collected by the author in 2005/06 with survey data collected by the South African Navy Hydrographic Office (SANHO) in 1952 suggest a major loss of sand from the bay, with a volume difference of some 8.8 X 106 m3 calculated. Greater losses were measured between 10-15 m water depths, with shallow areas of +/- 5 m water depth, remaining more stable. This can be attributed to the presence of shallow reef and rocky substrate through much of the bay at this depth range. Monthly RTK GPS survey data from September 2006 to September 2007 indicates a total loss of 40 000 m3 over this period with the greatest losses measured along the northern part of the beach. The greatest losses were measured after large long period waves from a southerly to south-easterly direction occurred in conjunction with equinox tides in mid March 2007. Sediment sampling at over 100 locations within the bay indicated a high percentage of reef (26 percent) and fairly consistent grain size in the fine to medium size class throughout much of the beach, bay and large sand bank within the estuary. While the majority of the South African Coast is exposed to the predominant south westerly winds and waves, St Francis Bay‟s orientation means that waves from a south easterly to easterly direction dominate. The results of the detailed numerical modelling of the hydrodynamics agree with previous calculations and modelling results which concluded that strong unidirectional longshore currents occur along the headland due to the oblique angle of wave incidence and the close to parallel angle of wave incidence along the beach leads to weak longshore currents of variable direction. Erosion along St Francis Bay beach is a result of cross-shore erosion due to large waves from a southerly to easterly direction. Detached breakwaters are the most effective form of coastal protection in these environments and MPR‟s offer additional benefits over traditional breakwater structures. Results of empirical calculations and numerical modelling indicate that the MPR‟s will provide effective coastal protection through the processes of wave dissipation, wave rotation, salient formation and alteration of nearshore circulation. Physical modelling results allowed the MPR design to be assessed and refined in terms of surfing amenity enhancement and construction constraints. In addition numerical modelling results indicate that impacts due to the extraction of up to 600 000 m3 of sand from the lower Kromme Estuary result in highly localised velocity reduction, mainly limited to the extraction areas. The calculated rate of sediment influx into the lower Kromme Estuary indicates that limited extraction, in the order of 20 000 – 40 000 m3 per year, should be sustainable in the long term. Sedimentation of the lower estuary over recent years has had negative recreational and ecological impacts, through reduced navigability and water exchange respectively. Therefore both the estuary and beach systems prove to benefit from this approach. Although not investigated in detail as part of this study, evidence from numerous projects worldwide indicates that foredunes help to trap wind-blown sand on the beach and form a buffer to storm erosion, therefore dune rehabilitation with native sand-binding plant species was recommended as the third element of the proposed remediation of St Francis Bay beach.
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Runde, Scott. "Closing the gap: finding productive uses for vacant land in north St. Louis, Missouri." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8707.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Lee R. Skabelund
Inner city areas of many major American cities have fallen victim to “urban decay.” In many instances the result is abandonment. Nevertheless, the inner city can be redeveloped by landscape architects and others to provide a place to live, work, learn, and play while displaying sensitivity to the environment. Such developments can be wisely designed by following planning/design guidelines that follow sustainable design principles. The neighborhoods of the 5th Ward in St. Louis, Missouri are the victims of an aging industrial city. Many neighborhoods are troubled with socio-economic problems such as unemployment, low housing values, lack of educational services, scarcity of fresh, reasonably priced food, and elevated crime rates. The socio-economic problems listed above have been major factors in extensive depopulation and disinvestment since the mid 20th-century. “Today, as never before, conditions are ripe for parks to reenter the urban planning agenda. This opportunity exists because so much inner-city land that was once actively used now lies fallow and can be reused for intelligently planned parks, because so much suburban land has been developed without adequate public open space that there is now a huge suburban constituency to support park development, and because so much undeveloped land is now subject to recently enacted legislation intended to protect the environment.” (Garvin 1996, 30) The overall goal for this project is to create a productive uses for the 5th Ward’s vacant land in order to encourage economic and social growth. This can be achieved through investments in urban agriculture and accessible community space. This project serves as a potential solution for renewal of lost urban community infrastructure that includes parks and agricultural cropland. Implementing recreation and urban agriculture on vacant land could help spawn a rebirth and sustain a vibrant and economically-viable community fabric.
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Phillips, Stephanie K. 1977. "The Kahnawake Mohawks and the St. Lawrence Seaway /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33310.
Full textAbstract:
The St. Lawrence Seaway, constructed between 1954 and 1959, had a significant impact on the Mohawk community of Kahnawake. Located on the shores of the St. Lawrence River, Kahnawake was faced with the expropriation of 1,262 acres of land for the construction of a canal that effectively cut off the community's access to the river and reduced its land base. Regarded by its members as one of the most important events in Kahnawake's history, the Seaway has become part of the everyday discourse of the community. This thesis examines two recurring themes in the discourse about the Seaway---the factionalism in the community at the time of the construction, and memories about the river---and illustrates how this event informs the present political identity of Kahnawake. The Seaway has become a metaphor for the intrusiveness of the Canadian government and the necessity of resisting any encroachment on Kahnawake's autonomy, and as such has played an important part in the development of nationalism in this community.
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Williams, Kristin N. "Neighborhoods and Crime: An Examination of Social Disorganization and Extra-Community Crime in St. Louis." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02082008-213439/.
Full textAbstract:
According to social disorganization and systemic theories, crime will flourish in areas with high residential mobility, low socioeconomic status, high racial heterogeneity, and high rates of family disruption. Essentially, these theories posit that these forms of structural disadvantage weaken the ability of local residents to achieve mutual goals and solve neighborhood problems, thereby resulting in high crime rates. Several studies have examined the utility of the social disorganization tradition for understanding macro-level variation in crime rates, particularly across neighborhoods. I review this research and propose three ways in which the literature can be extended. First, it is necessary to consider more critically the correspondence between the theoretical and empirical definition of what constitutes a neighborhood rather than relying on the convenience of data for empirical definitions. Second, empirical research should account for the fact that local neighborhoods are not immune to the structural conditions of surrounding areas. Finally, researchers should be more cognizant of whether the effects of neighborhood characteristics influence violent and property crimes similarly. Using data from seventy-four neighborhoods bounded by cultural and historical lines in St. Louis, my analyses speak to each of these issues indicating that both violent and property crime rates are predicted by population turnover and structural disadvantage. Thus, this analysis demonstrated no need for crime-specific models of social disorganization.
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Tumberg, Timothy Andrew. "Digging Up Whiskey Row: An Archaeological and Historical Investigation of Industrial Capitalism on the North Shore of Lake Superior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247273.
Full textAbstract:
Following years of speculation about the potential economic value of mineral deposits in northeastern Minnesota, the first full-scale attempts to exploit that potential began in 1882. That year, the Minnesota Iron Company (MIC) imported dozens of miners to start extracting iron ore from the Soudan Mine on the south shore of Lake Vermilion. They concurrently imported hundreds of men to Agate Bay on the north shore of Lake Superior, approximately 70 miles south of the mine. The MIC selected Agate Bay as the spot for their ore shipping port and they needed men to start the simultaneous construction of an ore dock in the harbor and a railroad north from the harbor to the mine. Immediately after choosing Agate Bay as the spot for their shipping port location, the MIC bought up all the land along the north and west sides of Agate Bay except for a four-acre parcel that owner Thomas Sexton refused to sell. As the MIC-controlled community of Two Harbors developed around it, Sexton's parcel, which he platted as the community of Agate Bay, remained outside of company control. It quickly developed a reputation as a sea of iniquity that eventually became known as "Hell's Four Acres," which included a particularly notorious section called Whiskey Row. Sexton's platted community of Agate Bay existed for just a few years before the iron company acquired it early in 1886. At that point the company removed or demolished all of the remaining structures and covered much of what had been the settlement of Agate Bay with a coal storage platform. This project examines the town site of Agate Bay by looking at the documentary information in the historical record as well as the material culture remains recovered during archaeological excavations. Agate Bay is examined in terms of its position in a world economy (World Systems Theory) with consideration of the potential impacts of industrial capitalism.
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McGinnis, Benjamin Adam. "Late Holocene evolution of a retrograding barrier : Hutaff Island, North Carolina /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/mcginnisb/benjaminmcginnis.pdf.
Full text
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Marray, Santosh K. "Lay training and spiritual formation for leadership and ministry in the rural multi-station parishes of St. Peter and St. Anne, North Abaco, Bahamas." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
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Meadows, Tim. "Forecasting long-term sediment yield from the upper North Fork Toutle River, Mount St. Helens, USA." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27800/.
Full textAbstract:
The Toutle-Cowlitz River system experienced dramatic landscape disturbance during the catastrophic eruption of Mount St Helens on May 18, 1980. The eruption was triggered by a 2.5 km3 debris avalanche which buried the upper 60 km2 of the North Fork Toutle River catchment to an average depth of 45 m and obliterated the surface drainage network. Subsequent channel response on the debris avalanche, dominated by incision and widening, has delivered significant quantities of sediment to downstream reaches where resultant deposition has reduced channel capacity and heightened flood risk. Estimates of future sediment yield from the upper North Fork Toutle River are therefore required to inform development of sustainable options for long-term flood risk mitigation. Previous estimates have been based on extrapolation of post-eruption trends in sediment yield and channel network evolution, but the divergent predictions reported in a number of studies have clouded effective decision-making regarding long-term sediment management. This study therefore uses a numerical, landscape evolution model (CAESAR-Lisflood) to make long-term forecasts of sediment yield based on process simulation rather than extrapolation. A suite of forecasts of cumulative catchment sediment yields up to 2100 are produced using scenario-based model runs designed to account for uncertainty associated with the hydrological impacts of climate change and the model coefficient for lateral mobility. The forecasts fall in a narrow band +/-20% of the mean that lies between two previous estimates derived from the extrapolation of post-eruption trends. Importantly, predicted trends in future annual sediment yield are predominantly linear, although some limited decay is evident for runs in which modelled channel lateral mobility is lower. Sustained sediment production in the upper North Fork Toutle River is found to result from persistent bank erosion and channel widening. These findings cast doubt on the applicability of negative exponential decay functions based on the rate law to characterise post-disturbance sediment yield when lateral rather than vertical adjustments dominate channel evolution. Moreover, forecast trends in future sediment yield suggest that it may not be possible to manage future sediment-related flood risk along the lower Cowlitz solely by retaining sediment in the upper North Fork Toutle River catchment.
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Horn, Diane Patricia. "A numerical model for shore-normal sediment size variation (with particular reference to the north coast of the Isle of Man)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316786.
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Mullan, Michael J. "A Survey of Computer Anxiety Among Secondary English Teachers in St. Johns County." UNF Digital Commons, 1990. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/153.
Full textAbstract:
As a result, in part, of computer anxiety, many educators are not utilizing available computer technology, even though its innovations extend to the classroom. Forty-four secondary English teachers from st. Johns County, Florida were given the Computer Attitude Rating Survey (CARS) along with a follow-up questionnaire, to identify anxiety levels and possible correlations with gender, education level, computer experience, and in-service training for this sample. Results indicate that men have less computer anxiety than women, that computer experience and in-service training decrease anxiety, and that Masters degree students have lower anxiety scores than do Baccalaureate degree students. These findings mirror earlier results, and provide directional data for decreasing the computer anxiety of future educators.
33
Karau, Gordon G. 1978. "Growing value organically : sustainable real estate development and long term value creation in rural communities on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77124.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2012.Many illustrations and maps printed landscape. Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis. This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108).
The topics explored in this thesis are first how the value inherent in agriculturally zoned land can be used to support the development of an organic farm and sustainable living demonstration center; and second, whether or not the existence of an organic farm can be considered a high value residential amenity-can access to fresh food, a strong local community, and a lush, bountiful, chemical free environment support 15-20% average yearly growth in real estate values? Or more succinctly, is it possible to 'grow' real estate values organically?
by Gordon Karau.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
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Cooper, Patrick Michael. "Testing COULWAVE for use in modeling cross-shore sand transport and beach profile evolution." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/893.
Full textAbstract:
Realistic, reliable, and effective modeling of cross-shore sediment transport is not present in the current literature. Building that model requires the accurate recreation of breaking wave processes in the nearshore. To develop that first step for an as-yet-to-be-designed model, multiple phase-resolving wave transformation algorithms are reviewed for in-depth investigation. The COULWAVE model is selected for robust testing. Testing of the COULWAVE model shows that, although capable of recreating realistic results, it does not adequately describe major wave characteristics in the surf zone, across a wide range of conditions, to warrant use in a future cross-shore sediment transport model.
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Barton, Melissa. "Distributions of small and medium-sized mammals within and outside 120 m adjacent lands surrounding three wetlands on the north shore of Lake Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40464.pdf.
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Millet, Katrina Renea, and Lisa Renee Otero. "The North Shore public transportation dilemma: How local sociopolitical ideologies, ethnic discrimination and class oppression create marginalization, and a community's quest for social justice." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3330.
Full textAbstract:
This research attempted to uncover the sociopolitical ideologies, ethnic discrimination, and class oppression that create sustained social dominance through resource control in the unicorporated community of the Salton Sea located in Eastern Riverside County, California in regard to public transportation issues.
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Malcolm, Robert. "The hydrology of a restored coastal dune slack, St. Fergus, north-east Scotland : an integrated field and modelling approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU115797.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the hydrological processes of a restored coastal dune slack at St. Fergus, north-east Scotland. The fundamental hydrological processes of the saturated and unsaturated zones of these habitats is relatively poorly understood yet these ecosystems are under increasing pressure from industrial and recreational development and the possible impact of climate change. Within a 1.2km2 catchment, a detailed field investigation was initiated at differing spatial scales to examine; (i) the spatial and temporal variability in soil moisture retention and movement through the unsaturated zone; (ii) the behaviour of the water table and; (iii) the main hydrogeochemical processes over the year October 1996 to September 1997. The field research was augmented with the development of a groundwater flow model of the site which was used in a predictive role to examine the possible implications of future climate change on the groundwater regime of the dune slack and the impact of this on the ecology and geomorphology of the dune system. The field and modelling results were integrated to provide a relatively holistic interpretation of the hydrological processes of the dune slack system. The soils of all study sites were relatively similar in their retention and temporal variability of soil moisture over the year. Soil moisture contents were generally very low, which was predominantly related to the low organic matter content and highly porous sediment. These soil properties resulted in great temporal variability in soil moisture content over the year with no pattern of higher retention in the winter and lower in the summer. Groundwater behaviour was also relatively homogeneous in the catchment, though local scale, transient processes and phenomena appeared to be important. The main influences on groundwater levels and direction of flow included; (i) the groundwater recharge processes (influenced by variable specific yield phenomena, preferential flow paths and the height of the capillary fringe); (ii) the hydrogeology of the site, particularly the complex plateau region; (iii) site topography; (iv) the shallow water table and; (v) terminal encroachment on to the dune slack. The modelling procedure highlighted the need for an integrated field and modelling approach as problems encountered were resolved through interpretation of the field data. Issues raised focused on scale and scaling in groundwater modelling, the validation of such models and the importance of good spatially distributed field data.
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Burbridge, Joshua D. Flader Susan Pasley Jeffrey L. "The veering path of progress politics, race, and consensus in the north St. Louis Mark Twain Expressway fight, 1950-1956 /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6472.
Full textAbstract:
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Susan Flader and Dr. Jeffrey L. Pasley. Includes bibliographical references.
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Krizan, Peter. "The effects of human land development, landscape characteristics, and prey density on the spatial distribution of wolves, Canis lupus, on the north shore of Lake Superior." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23694.pdf.
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Demissie, Henok Kefelegn. "Bottom Friction Assessment for Hydrodynamic Currents in the Lower St. Johns River." UNF Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/570.
Full textAbstract:
A preexisting version of the 2D finite-element hydrodynamic model (code) ADCIRC was modified to enable assimilation of velocity data for calculation of longwave hydrodynamics of the lower St. Johns River. The data assimilation also enables model calibration and parameter estimation of directionally variant Manning’s n value using an anisotropic formulation of bottom roughness. This modified version of the ADCIRC code differs from the original ADCIRC model, as it introduces a module to provide evaluation of directional Manning’s roughness coefficient using observed velocity data for ebb and flood flow durations. The vector-based directional Manning’s n value is found by comparing the observed velocity data with the ADCIRC output from the original model dataset, depicting how the friction factor depends on flow direction. The modified ADCIRC model was calibrated for the velocity dataset and then validated with a different dataset of water surface elevation and streamflow. It is shown that the influence of the directional variability in bottom roughness is a significant factor in calibration of the model, especially given the to-and-fro nature of the tidal motions, which is contrary to present practices that ignore the temporal variability and any anisotropy in bottom roughness. This thesis makes a measured impact on how 2D hydrodynamic models (herein demonstrated with ADCIRC) are able to represent the directionality of bottom roughness in hydrodynamic simulation.
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Daehnhardt, Madleina. "Migration, development and social change in a 21st century North Indian hill village." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275978.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation analyses movements from and to a contemporary 21st century Indian multi-caste village in the Kumaun Himalayas, where movements have traditionally involved transhumance and border trade with western Tibet. With the closure of the Indo-Tibetan borders after the Indo-China war in 1962, the economy and livelihoods of the people of the region have fundamentally changed and movements now take place in the form of migration for work to the plains of India, both in the private sector and in government services. The dissertation is based on an ethnographic village study and explores all contemporary forms of movement visible in the village: out-migration; return-migration; and in-migration. It examines how these different types of movement tie in with the changing socio-economic lives of the villagers. This explorative study focuses on the patterns, causes and effects of migration on rural lives past and present, and on the multiple interrelated social changes, which are part of these migratory processes. The author uses mixed qualitative-quantitative methods, including a census survey of all 148 households, 45 semi-structured interviews, follow-up in-depth interviews, and innovative methods such as arts-based visual methods. The framework applied is interdisciplinary and multi-theoretical and contributes to the existing empirical body of literature on migration, development and change. The author chooses to employ the framework of the rural left behind when examining the lives of the wives and elderly parents of migrants. However, she argues that those in the village who are in the truest sense ‘left behind’ are not the family members of migrants, but the unemployed men who lack the capabilities to migrate for work and who reside in the village without any gainful economic activity. The thesis structure includes eight chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusion. Chapter 1 reviews the relevant literature on migration and development and is followed by the methodology chapter (chapter 2), a village background chapter (chapter 3) and a chapter covering the historical context (chapter 4). The structure of the main analysis (chapters 5-8) is along the lines of patterns and reasons for out-migration (chapter 6), out-migration types and their impact (chapter 6), return migration types, reasons and impact (chapter 7) and in-migration types, reasons and impact (chapter 8). Each analysis chapter ends with brief conclusions; these are expanded in the final conclusions (chapter 9).
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Kunst, Aline Vicente. "Impactos ambientais urbanos nos municípios do setor norte do litoral gaúcho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/112210.
Full textAbstract:
Atualmente percebe-se, cada vez mais, a valorização e a ocupação das áreas costeiras do Rio Grande do Sul. A procura de espaços longe de grandes centros urbanos, no litoral, faz com que áreas de recente ocupação rarefeita tornem-se novos centros urbanos. Este tipo de ocupação não almeja domicílios de ocupação fixa por parte dos proprietários, mas sim uma segunda residência para o período de férias, principalmente nos meses de veraneio. A pesquisa realizada teve como grande objetivo a identificação dos impactos ambientais urbanos decorrentes das dinâmicas ambientais e socioeconômicas atuantes nos municípios do Setor Norte do Litoral Gaúcho. No processo de investigação, foi necessário desenvolver a análise das dinâmicas do meio físico, da morfodinâmica da Planície Costeira, em seus compartimentos: Planície Lagunar e Planície Marinha; bem como das dinâmicas socioeconômicas atuantes nos municípios da área de estudo. A metodologia que embasou a pesquisa articula os processos e a interação entre o meio físico e social a fim de atingir a análise integrada dos impactos ambientais. A pesquisa em questão trabalhou com a escala de análise regional. Dentro do Setor Norte do Litoral Gaúcho foram analisados dois compartimentos geomorfológicos distintos: a Planície Marinha e a Planície Lagunar. Tendo como base os compartimentos geomorfológicos, foram descritas as diferentes dinâmicas atuantes na construção e na modelagem, além das análises de clima, hidrografia e vegetação. Com as análises realizadas, foi possível identificar os diferentes tipos de ocupação do espaço e os decorrentes impactos ambientais urbanos, como ocupação de áreas de preservação permanente, emissão de dejetos domésticos, depósitos inadequados de resíduos, alterações no ambiente, conflitos de uso e problemas com a balneabilidade, entre outros impactos ambientais que prejudicam a convivência harmônica entre sociedade e ambiente. A análise das dinâmicas ambientais foi ancorada em: a) Caracterização geológica e geomorfológica; b) Análise da rede hidrográfica; c) Caracterização do clima; d) Caracterização de solo e vegetação. As análises das dinâmicas socioeconômicas foram realizadas a partir da: a) Análise dos processos de ocupação territorial; b) Caracterização da população e das infraestruturas; c) Análise do uso do solo. Com o levantamento bibliográfico, foi possível identificar as dinâmicas físicas e socioeconômicas que geram conflitos de uso; com o trabalho de campo, foi possível identificar a localização e a abrangência dos diferentes impactos ambientais. Buscou-se identificar as atividades e os agentes causadores através de registros fotográficos e orais. Como resultado, obteve-se a identificação dos impactos ambientais que afetam os municípios da área de estudo. As análises realizadas tiveram como escala a delimitação da região denominada Setor Norte do Litoral Gaúcho, composta por dez municípios: Arroio do Sal, Balneário Pinhal, Capão da Canoa, Cidreira, Imbé, Osório, Terra de Areia, Torres, Tramandaí e Xangri-Lá. Estes, por sua vez, agrupam-se em três perfis distintos de municípios: rural, urbano com população permanente e urbano com população de segunda residência. O estudo e a observação cuidadosa das diversas dinâmicas ambientais e socioeconômicas que atuam nos municípios do Setor Norte do Litoral Gaúcho levam à enumeração dos impactos ambientais presentes na Planície Marinha: 1. Crescente verticalização; 2. Alteração do ambiente próximo à linha de costa; 3. Contaminação das águas por efluentes líquidos; 4. Destinação inadequada dos resíduos sólidos; 5. Problemas com a balneabilidade. Os impactos ambientais observados na Planície Lagunar são: 6. A urbanização e as alterações no ambiente; 7. Conflitos entre a agricultura e a urbanização; 8. Conflitos entre as Unidades de Conservação e os novos e antigos usos do solo; 9. A contaminação e as mudanças na morfodinâmica das lagoas; e 10. Os impactos causados pelos efluentes líquidos. Os impactos ambientais revelam as formas de uso e ocupação na região, sendo que todos os municípios da área de estudo são atingidos por impactos ambientais presentes tanto na Planície Marinha quanto na Planície Lagunar. Algumas medidas mitigadoras foram propostas como ações para diminuir a intensidade e as consequências dos impactos ambientais no Setor Norte do Litoral Gaúcho.Currently, the appreciation and occupation of coastal areas of Rio Grande do Sul are increasingly perceived. Occupier demand far from large urban centers on the coast makes rarefied areas of recent occupation become new urban centers. This type of occupation does not aim for households of fixed occupancy by the owners, but for a second home during the vacation period, especially in the summer months. The research had as a major objective the identification of urban environmental impacts arising from of active environmental and socioeconomic dynamics in the districts of Sector North of the Gaucho Shore. In the research process, it was necessary to develop the analysis of the physical environment dynamics, the morphodynamics of the coastal plain in its compartments: Lagoon Plain and Marine Plain; as well as the acting socioeconomic dynamics in the study area’s districts. The methodology in witch the research was based articulates the processes and the interaction between physical and social environment, in order to achieve the integrated analysis of environmental impacts. The research in question worked with the regional analysis scale. In the North Sector of Gaucho Shore, two distinct geomorphological compartments were analyzed: Lagoon Plain and Marine Plain. Based on two distinct geomorphological compartments, diferente acting dynamics were described in the construction and modeling, as well as the analyzes of climate, hydrology and vegetation. With the performed analysis it was possible to identify the different types of land occupation and the arising urban environmental impacts, such as occupation of permanent preservation areas, domestic waste emission, inadequate waste deposits, environmental changes, use conflicts and problems with the balneability, among other environmental impacts that reduce the harmonious coexistence between society and environment. The analysis of the environmental dynamics was anchored on: a) geological and geomorphological characterization; b) Analysis of the hydrographic network; c) Climate characterization; d) Soil and vegetation characterization. The socioeconomic dynamics analyses were performed from: a) Analysis of territorial occupation processes; b) Population and infrastructure characterization; c) Soil use analysis. With the bibliographical survey, it was possible to identify the physical and socioeconomic dynamics that generate conflicts of use; with the field work, it was possible to identify the location and extent of different environmental impacts. We sought to identify the activities and the causative agents through oral and photographic records. As a result, we obtained the identification of environmental impacts affecting the study area’s districts. The analyzes made used as scale the delimitation of the region called Sector North of the Gaucho Shore, comprising tem districts: Arroio do Sal, Balneário Pinhal, Capão da Canoa, Cidreira, Imbé, Osório, Terra de Areia, Torres, Tramandaí and Xangri-Lá. These, in turn, are grouped into three distinct district profiles: rural, urban, urban with permanent urban population and urban with a second home population. The study and careful observation of the various environmental and socioeconomic dynamics that operate in the cities of the Sector North of the Gaucho Shore lead to enumeration of environmental impacts present in the Marine Plain: 1. Increasing vertical integration; 2. Enviromental alteration next to the shoreline; 3 Water contamination by wastewater; 4. Inadequate solid waste disposition; 5. Problems with balneability. The environmental impacts observed in the Lagoon Plain are: 6. Urbanization and changes in the environment; 7. Conflicts between agriculture and urbanization; 8. Conflicts between protected areas and the old and new soil uses; 9. Contamination and changes in the lagoons’ morphodynamics; and 10. The impacts of wastewater. The environmental impacts reveal the use and occupation ways of the region, and all the districts of the study area are affected by environmental impacts both in the Marine Plain and in the Lagoon Plain. Some mitigation measures were proposed as actions to decrease the intensity and the consequences of environmental impacts in the Sector North of the Gaucho Shore.
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Nekolny, Samantha Ryanne. "The Effects of Sampling Design on Abundance and Distribution of Bottlenose Dolphins in the St. Johns River, Florida." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/541.
Full textAbstract:
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is tasked with upholding the regulations prescribed in the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. One of the ways this is accomplished is by producing regular stock assessment reports. For these reports, knowledge about a species abundance and distribution is a vital component, allowing informed management decisions to be made that may potentially reduce the natural and anthropogenic impacts on the organisms. In 2010, an Unusual Mortality Event (UME) occurred in the lower St. Johns River, resulting in an unusually large number of bottlenose dolphin strandings. As the data regarding this population was outdated, the cause of the UME could not be positively determined. Consequently, this lack of information provided the impetus to focus research on the individuals within the lower St. Johns River. Chapter one documents the abundance and emigration rates of the bottlenose dolphin population within the St. Johns River in order to provide NOAA with the necessary information to update the stock assessment report for this population. To designate individuals to various stocks, their distribution must first be known. However, many previous home range studies limited the size of the study area surveyed, which resulted in underestimates of the home range sizes. Therefore, in chapter two I investigated the effects that study area size has on the home range estimates of bottlenose dolphins while demonstrating the usefulness of collaborative science. Together these two chapters report data on the bottlenose dolphin population within the St. Johns River that has not been studied in over 16 years and this research also reveals how study design impacts various analyses and perceived outcomes.
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Silva, Felipe Paganelly Maciel da. "Aspectos etnozool?gicos sobre os crust?ceos estomat?podes e dec?podes das praias do litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/143.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB
The aim of the study was to register the ethnozoological corpus that artisanal fishermen communities on Bahia?s North shore have about stomatopod and decapod crustaceans, as well as to investigate the different ways that these animals are locally used. The fieldwork was conducted in two stages: the first consisted on the collection of biological material; later, expeditions were made aiming to collect ethnozoological data through semi-structured interviews about the crustacean specimenspreviously collected. The northern and southern boundaries of the study area were the beaches of Ipitanga and Mangue Seco, respectively, totalizing 23 sampling points for biological material collection. A total of 51 interviews were conducted on the beaches of Vilas do Atl?ntico, Buraquinho, Jau?, Arembepe and Praia do Forte from August to December 2013.Fishermen on the North coast of Bahia feature a diverse conception of crustaceans, with an impressive wealth of perceptions, using several criteria to define/identify the group, such as morphological, physiological, ecological, and usage criteria. From these criteria, the fishermen cited a total of 42 names, including crustaceans and other animals belonging to different taxonomic groups, such as octopuses, echinoderms and even sea turtles. Referring to body topography, homologous structures presented similar names in different crustaceans, demonstrating a recognition degree of analog systems by traditional knowledge. The fishermen featured knowledge about physiological, reproductive and seasonal processes of crustaceans. About the fishing techniques, in the study area artisanal fishermen use a total of ten fishing gears, where lobsters (Panulirus laevicauda) were the most wanted source, followed by the sapateira crab (Parribacus antarticus). Other crustaceans showed no commercial interest and some species are eventually caught for subsistence. Referring to the ways of use, the following usages were recorded: feed and commerce, fishing artifact (bait), medicinal, and esthetical-decorative. The interviewed fishermen recognized, unanimously, the importance of crustaceans for the environment. Their folk knowledge could interfere in conservation measures, since the perception of improvement and preservation of the marine ecosystem by the presence of crustaceans may influence on the sustainability of the fishing activity.
O estudo teve como objetivo geral registrar o corpus etnozool?gico que as comunidades de pescadores artesanais do litoral norte da Bahia possuem sobre os crust?ceos estomat?podes e dec?podes, al?m de investigar os diferentes modos de uso desses animais.O trabalhode campo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu na coleta do material biol?gico; posteriormente, realizaram-se expedi??es visando ?s coletas de dados etnozool?gicos atrav?s de entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre os crust?ceos coletados.Os limites sul e norte da ?rea de estudo foramas praias de Ipitanga e Mangue Seco, respectivamente, totalizando 23 pontos amostrais de coleta de material biol?gico. Foram realizadas 51 entrevistas nas praias de Vilas do Atl?ntico, Buraquinho, Jau?, Arembepe e Praia do Forte entre agosto a dezembro de 2013. Os pescadores do litoral norte da Bahia apresentam uma concep??o diversificada sobre os crust?ceos, com uma riqueza impressionante de percep??es,utilizando diversos crit?rios para definir/identificar o grupo, como crit?rios morfol?gicos, fisiol?gicos, ecol?gicos e utilit?rios. A partir desses crit?rios,os pescadorescitaram um total de 42nomes, incluindo crust?ceos e outros animais pertencentes a diferentes grupos taxon?micos, como polvo, equinodermos e at? mesmo tartarugas-marinhas.Referente ? topografia corporal, estruturas hom?logas apresentaram nomes iguais nos diferentes crust?ceos, demonstrando um grau de reconhecimento de sistemas an?logos por parte do conhecimento tradicional. Os pescadores apresentaram conhecimento sobre processos fisiol?gicos, reprodutivos e sazonais dos crust?ceos. Sobre a pesca,na ?rea de estudo os pescadores artesanais utilizam um total de dez artes de pesca, sendo que o recurso mais buscado foi a lagosta (Panulirus laevicauda), seguido da sapateira (Parribacus antarticus). Os demais crust?ceos n?o apresentaram interesse comercial e algumas esp?cies s?o capturadas eventualmente para alimenta??o de subsist?ncia. Em rela??o aos modos de uso, constatou-se as seguintes utiliza??es dos crust?ceos: utilit?rio (alimentar e comercial), artefato de pesca (isca), medicinal e est?tico-decorativo. Os pescadores entrevistados reconheceram, de forma un?nime, a import?ncia dos crust?ceos para o meio ambiente, o que pode interferir em medidas conservacionistas, uma vez que a percep??o de melhoria e preserva??o do ecossistema marinho pela presen?a desses animais pode influenciar na sustentabilidade da atividade pesqueira.
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Williams, Asher. "The Influence of Seawater and Sulfate Reduction on Phosphate Release from Tidal Wetland Soils in the St. John’s River, Florida." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/358.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and increasing sea level elevation are predicted to increase salinity in estuarine tidal wetlands in the Southeastern United States. Since much of the ecosystem function in these areas is predicated upon salinity regimes, many fundamental changes are likely to occur as a result. The influence of salinity and SO4 2- reduction on PO4 3- release from tidal wetland soils was evaluated along a salinity gradient at three sites in The St. John’s River, Florida using both field and laboratorybased methods. Porewater was sampled over the course of 10 months to determine ambient levels of SO4 2- and PO4 3-. Lab-based experiments, soils samples were subjected to seawater and SO4 2- treatments in an attempt to induce PO4 3- release. Salinity was lowest at Sixmile Creek (0.45 ± 0.1 g kg-1) and Goodby’s Creek (2.05 ± 2.3 g kg-1) and much higher at Sister’s Creek (27.81 ± 3.1 g kg-1). The organic content of soils was highest (82.35% ± 5.11) at Sixmile Creek, intermediate at Goodby’s Creek (64.45% ± 7.02) and lowest at Sister’s Creek (32.11% ± 9.61). Total soil P was highest at the freshwater Sixmile Creek (1101.64 ± 220.2 μg g-1), intermediate at the brackish Goodby’s Creek (719.61 ± 114.3 μg g-1) and lowest at the Sister’s Creek saltmarsh (475.85 ± 110.9 μg g-1). Porewater PO4 3- was higher at Sixmile and Goodby’s Creek sites (9.44 ± 15.6, 8.99 ± 14.7 !g L-1, respectively) compared to Sister’s Creek (0.6 ± 3.1 !g L-1). Porewater SO4 2- was lower at Sixmile (70.73± 57.58 !g L-1) and Goodby’s Creeks (124.35 ± 152.5 !g L-1) compared to Sister’s Creek (1931.41 ± 557.82 !g L-1). Temporal and spatial trends indicated that SO4 2- and PO4 3- in porewater was likely due to floodwater content and that direct reaction between analytes in soils was unlikely. The addition of aerated seawater failed to cause PO4 3- release from any sites. The incubation of soils under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of Na2SO4 induced SO4 2- reduction, but inhibited PO4 3- flux from both Sixmile and Goodby’s Creek, which is attributed here to likely S- toxicity (Roychoudhury et al., 1999). PO4 3- flux from Sister’s Creek increased in association with Na2SO4 concentration, likely due to more Fe availability to mitigate Stoxicity. Ambient seawater additions to soils under anaerobic conditions followed a similar trend, but the results were not statistically conclusive. Overall, both field and labbased data indicated that Tidal wetland porewater PO4 3- likely originates from floodwaters and that increased salinity and SO4 2- reduction did not directly enhance soil PO4 3- fluxes.
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Whalen, John. "A Multibiomarker Analysis of Pollutant Effects on Atlantic Stingray Populations in Florida’s St. Johns River." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/725.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study was to examine the potential health effects of organochlorine (OC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure on Atlantic stingray populations in Florida’s St. Johns River (SJR). Special emphasis was placed on identifying OC- and/or PAH-related effects in stingrays from areas of the lower (LSJR) and middle (MSJR) basins shown to possess elevated levels of these compounds, as well as characterizing baseline levels of pollutant exposure in the SJR shipping channel, which may be subjected to dredging in the near future, potentially resuspending and redistributing contaminated sediments and increasing pollutant-associated effects. To accomplish this, we measured OC and PAH biomarker levels in stingrays collected from contaminated and reference sites. We specifically examined the phase I detoxification enzyme, cytochrome P4501a1 (CYP1a1); the phase II detoxification enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and uridine 5’-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT); fluorescent aromatic compounds, PAH bile metabolites; and lipid peroxidation (LPO), cell membrane damage. Biomarker values collected between 2014 and 2016 were compared by site. Detoxification enzyme activity and LPO values from individuals collected from the three MSJR lakes between 2002 and 2005 were compared to those collected between 2014 and 2016. The data suggested that biomarker values from the SJR were variable, with elevated levels from Lake Jesup. Compared to reference estuaries, the LSJR has low biomarker values. This indicates that residing in certain portions of the MSJR is detrimental to stingray health, while residing in the LSJR is not. Lake Monroe and Lake George biomarker levels indicated reduced contaminant input over time, whereas Lake Jesup biomarker levels suggested the opposite. This study has developed a baseline for biomarker levels in the LSJR, allowing for the identification of dredging-induced changes to the system, and has identified temporal changes in biomarker levels from three MSJR lakes.
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Hall, Amanda A. "San Antonio de Pocotalaca: An Eighteenth-Century Yamasee Indian Town in St. Augustine, Florida, 1716-1752." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/619.
Full textAbstract:
Following the Yamasee War of 1715, many of the Yamasee Indians rekindled alliances with the Spanish and returned to La Florida. San Antonio de Pocotalaca (1716 to 1752) was one of three initial Yamasee Indian towns to relocate from South Carolina and settle on the fringes of St. Augustine. In South Carolina, Pocotalaca (referred to there as Pocotaligo) served as the primary upper town of six Yamasee towns and was the political center for conferences and council meetings between Yamasees, their Indian allies, and South Carolina officials. When Pocotalaca relocated to St. Augustine after the Yamasee War, the town and its inhabitants retained their political significance. Having recognized the importance of the town’s Yamasees, their connections to Indian groups in Apalachicola, and how the alliance could be beneficial to the colony, the Spanish treated them accordingly. As a result, Pocotalaca’s Yamasees secured influence and continued to so by bolstering power through their relations with the Spanish. For these reasons, they were able to carve out their own space in St. Augustine where they retained a high level of autonomy, maintained their Yamasee identity, some traditional practices, and many aspects in their material choices.
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Ermak, Jessica Lea. "The Social Structure and Mating Strategies of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the St. Johns River." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/533.
Full textAbstract:
Across populations, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) exhibit a fission-fusion pattern of associations, in which group size and composition change fluidly throughout the day. Beneath this seemingly ephemeral social structure, considerable variation exists across study sites. While females typically have moderate bonds with one another within a large social network, male-male bonds are variable, though males typically take one of two strategies; some males encounter females individually for opportunities to breed while others cooperate within a first-order alliance to collectively herd females. In addition, multi-tiered alliances in which two first-order alliances cooperate to defend or assist in the theft of a female have been documented within Shark Bay, Australia. However, these patterns do not apply to all study sites, as intersexual bonds are strong within several bottlenose dolphin populations. Given the variation in the presence and complexity of male alliances, greater documentation of social structure and male mating strategies across study sites is needed to draw conclusions as to the ultimate factors behind alliance formation. As such, chapter one documents the inclusion of a new study site in the St. Johns River (SJR) in Northeast Florida where males form first and second-order alliances. In addition, variables from the SJR are included within a meta-analysis in chapter two, the first systematic examination of what variables correlate with alliance presence and complexity, with the conclusion that male-male competition best describes the patterns seen in male alliance formation. Chapter three builds upon this conclusion by examining seasonal trends in tooth rake marks, a proxy for aggression, across the sexes and males of two different mating strategies, ultimately highlighting the potential for non-reproductive aggression. Together, this work provides greater insight as to the social structure and mating patterns of bottlenose dolphins, as well as to the ecological pressures that result in complex sociality.
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Abela, Joan Angela. "The impact of the arrival of the Knights of St John on the commercial economy of Malta 1530-1565." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8182.
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Much has been written about various aspects of the long presence of the Knights of the Order St John on the island of Malta. Nonetheless, throughout this literature there is one noticeable omission - a study of the commercial development of the harbour area during the first decades of the Order’s rule. Despite Malta’s small size, the presence of the Order of St John (1530 -1798) ensured an inflow of foreign resources which eventually permitted very dense human settlement and an international projection beyond the island’s shores which was largely disproportionate to what would normally have occurred in such a small and sterile island. The maritime nature of the Order and the heavy dependence on imports hastened the creation of an efficient maritime communication system. The development of all these economic activities resulted in a prime economic means of generating wealth and served as a pull factor to a large number of enterprising individuals, both local and foreign. Early modern Hospitaller Malta eventually saw the consolidation of an enterprising business class, which, out of sheer necessity, grew accustomed to operating well beyond its narrow confines. In turn, this contributed to the island becoming more open to connectivity with the outside world. Hence, the main aim of this thesis is to explore in detail various economic activities taking place in Malta during this particular period which spans from 1530 to 1565. The year 1565 has been chosen as a marker since during this year there was a break in the normal chain of events due to the turmoil created by the Great Siege. In order to reach this goal the practical functioning of commerce with its agreements and disputes, its currencies, its trading posts and its nodal points shall be analyzed. Furthermore, this thesis strives to show how notarial evidence, together with that derived from records of various tribunals set up on the island at the time, supplement each other and help to fill in gaps. While discussing different methodological approaches to the study of the Mediterranean, the first chapter of this study shall also assess Malta’s place within the wider Mediterranean historiographical framework. It shall also trace the development of Maltese historiography and its contribution to the study of legal, economic and social issues relating to the sixteenth century. Furthermore, this study shall place the various series of primary sources used for its compilation in their proper context, thus allowing the reader to evaluate better the significance of the information provided. The second chapter shall evaluate how the arrival of the Order provided for the setting up of new institutions and for the promulgation of new laws in order to consolidate its authority over the island despite repeated promises to respect and honour ancient rights and privileges. The following three chapters shall each be dedicated to a particular case study which will try to address specific topics that have been largely neglected in Maltese historiography. Thus, starting with an analysis of the grain trade, which was of the utmost importance for a sterile island with an ever-increasing population, it will be followed by another case study which seeks to evaluate the role of women, their legal persona and how this affected their contribution to the island’s economic activities. The final chapter will try to establish whether there were any commercial links between Malta, often described as the frontier and bulwark of Christianity, and its neighbouring Ottoman North African territories. If such trade existed, how did merchants, both Christian and Muslim, manage to overcome religious antagonism which should have inhibited the easy flow of trade? The objective of this study shall therefore be to shed much-needed light on economic activities taking place in and around the harbour area during a largely unexplored period in Maltese history. Moreover, it shall seek to provide a better understanding of Mediterranean commercial relations since the Maltese harbour was a point of intersection not only for people of different nationalities, but even for people of different faiths, such as Muslims, Jews and Christians of different denominations. All had one common goal which unified them, that is, trading and making profit out of it.
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Franklin, Marianne. "Blood and water; the archaeological excavation and historical analysis of the Wreck of the Industry, a North-American transport sloop chartered by the British army at the end of the Seven Years' War: British colonial navigation and trade to supply Spanish Florida in the eighteenth century." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3304.
Full textAbstract:
In the 10-mer RNA duplex model system a 4-isocyano TEMPO spin-label is individually attached to one strand and two strands are annealed to measure distances. This methodology is limited to systems in which two oligonucleotides are annealed together. To circumvent this limitation and also to explore single-strand dynamics a new methodology was implemented, double spin-labeling. Double spin-labeled single-stranded RNA was investigated as a single-strand and within a duplex via MALDI-TOF-MS, EPR spectroscopy and RP-HPLC. A double spin-labeling strategy in this work will be applicable to large complex RNAs like Group I intron of Tetrahymena thermophilia. Captain Daniel Lawrence, was one of four sloops detailed to serve as a transport to
supply the British Florida garrisons. The Industry ran aground on the bar outside of
St. Augustine's harbour on May 6, 1764. The transport was carrying six-pound
cannons, ammunition and artificer's tools.
Further investigation of documents describing eighteenth-century trade and
shipping to St. Augustine led to the discovery that the Lawrence family of sea
captains provided a vital link between British New York and Spanish St. Augustine.
An examination of the materials recovered from Site 8SJ3478 sheds light on exactly
what a particular vessel carried during a period of transition in Florida's history.