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Journal articles on the topic 'North Qinling Terrane'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Liu, Zhen, Wei Xu, Chunming Liu, Yujia Xin, and Dezhi Huang. "The Early Paleozoic Tectonic Framework and Evolution of Northern West Qinling Orogen: By Zircon U-Pb Dating and Geochemistry of Rocks from Tianshui and Sunjiaxia." Minerals 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030383.

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The Tianshui-Sunjiaxia area is located in the connection zone of West Qinling Orogen and North Qilian Orogen, which could provide great insights into the amalgamation processes between the northern and southern blocks of China. Three subduction- and rift-related rocks (gneissic granite from North Qilian arc-interarc belt (NQAI) granite and metabasalt from North Qinling back-arc basin (NQBA) are distinguished across the connection zone. The gneissic granite was generated by melts from older crustal materials of Longshan Group with the addition of a relatively juvenile basaltic source from the lower crust during the collision process. The Liwanxincun metabasalt reflects the mixing of the partial melting of the shallow asthenospheric mantle and the metasomatized mantle in a back-arc extension setting. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of gneissic granite (068, 069) yields crystallization ages of 457.0 ± 1.6 Ma and 445.9 ± 2.1 Ma. The study area is divided into six tectonic units in Early Paleozoic time involving NQAI (Yanjiadian-Xinjie) continental arc, interarc rift basin (Maojiamo-Xiwali), continental arc (Chenjiahe-Wangjiacha); NQBA back-arc rift basin (Huluhe-Hongtubao), island arc and ophiolitic melange belt (North Qinling-Shangdan). A tectonic model is proposed in which the NQAI continental arc (Yanjiadian-Xinjie) might represent the early period of subduction of North Qilian Ocean (NQO) and the interarc rift is the product of the extension triggered by southward subduction of NQO. The ongoing subduction of NQO then leads to the formation of Chenjiahe-Wangjiacha continental arc, as well as the Hongtubao back-arc spreading ridge in NQBA back-arc basin (Huluhe). The tectonic evolution of the connection zone is closely associated with the closure of the North Qilian Ocean and North Qinling-Shangdan Ocean in the context of the convergence process of micro-continental blocks, including North China block, Longshan group and North Qinling Terrane.

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2

Guan, Ming, Jiahao Li, Guoqing Jia, Shenglian Ren, and Chuanzhong Song. "U–Pb Zircon Ages and Geochemistry of the Wuguan Complex and Liuling Group: Implications for the Late Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, Central China." Minerals 12, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12081026.

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The tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen is key to understanding the process of convergence between the North China Block (NCB) and the South China Block (SCB). The Wuguan Complex and Liuling Group, situated along the southern margin of the Shangnan–Danfeng suture zone (SDSZ) between the North Qinling Terrane (NQT) and the South Qinling Terrane (SQT), are important indicators of the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen. In this paper, the detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemical analysis of the Wuguan Complex and Liuling Group are carried out. Detrital zircons from two metasedimentary rock samples of the Liuling Group yield a major age peak at 460 Ma and two subordinate peaks at 804 Ma and 920 Ma, with a few older grains having formed between 1000–2549 Ma. One metasedimentary rock sample of the Wuguan Complex has a similar age spectrum as that of the Liuling Group, which shows the main age peak at 440 Ma and two subordinate peaks at 786 and 927 Ma, indicating all detrital zircon age results have the same source area. Geochemical analyses suggest that the sedimentary rocks of the Liuling Group and part of the Wuguan Complex were deposited in the tectonic setting of the continental island arc (CIA), while the geochemical characteristics of the other group of sedimentary rocks of the Wuguan Complex indicate the mixing of basic rock sources. The protolith of garnet amphibolite and hornblende schist, which were collected from the Wuguan Complex, were classified as andesite and basalt, with the nature of arc andesite and oceanic island basalt, respectively. In combination with regional data, we suggest that the Liuling Group and the Wuguan Complex were deposited in a fore-arc basin. Additionally, the Wuguan Complex was subsequently incorporated into the tectonic mélange by the northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean. Zircons from the subduction-related metamorphic igneous rocks in the Wuguan Complex yielded a weighted mean age of 365 ± 19 Ma, indicating that the Paleo-Qinling Ocean between the SQT and NQT was still subducted at the end of Devonian.

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3

Zheng, J. P., W. L. Griffin, M. Sun, S. Y. O'Reilly, H. F. Zhang, H. W. Zhou, L. Xiao, H. Y. Tang, and Z. H. Zhang. "Tectonic affinity of the west Qinling terrane (central China): North China or Yangtze?" Tectonics 29, no. 2 (April 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008tc002428.

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4

Wang, Hao, Yuan-Bao Wu, Shan Gao, Xiao-Chi Liu, Qian Liu, Zheng-Wei Qin, Shi-Wen Xie, Lian Zhou, and Sai-Hong Yang. "Continental origin of eclogites in the North Qinling terrane and its tectonic implications." Precambrian Research 230 (June 2013): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2012.12.010.

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5

Wang, Lu, Stephen T. Johnston, and Nengsong Chen. "New insights into the Precambrian tectonic evolution and continental affinity of the Qilian block: Evidence from geochronology and geochemistry of metasupracrustal rocks in the North Wulan terrane." GSA Bulletin 131, no. 9-10 (April 15, 2019): 1723–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35059.1.

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Abstract The Qilian block, one of the Precambrian terranes in the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun orogenic system, is a critical region for reconstruction of the overall architecture and tectonic evolution of NW China. This investigation of zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry of a metasupracrustal sequence in the North Wulan terrane provides new insights into the Qilian block. A Statherian–Calymmian unit (ca. 1.67–1.5 Ga), dominated by Al- and Si-rich gneisses, arkosites, quartzites, and amphibolites with minor calc-silicate rocks and marbles, is interpreted to have been deposited during continental rifting. Detrital zircons show two main age populations of 2685–2276 and 2098–1761 Ma with mostly negative εHf(t) values (–14.0 to +3.6). The sources are characterized by mixed felsic to intermediate igneous rocks as well as recycled components and are interpreted as being derived from the Tarim craton because of the age distribution of their detrital zircons. A Stenian–Tonian unit (ca. 1.1–0.9 Ga) consists mainly of felsic gneisses, quartzites, calc-silicate rocks, marbles, metavolcanic rocks, and amphibolites. The metasedimentary rocks yielded detrital zircon ages clustering at ca. 1.64, 1.43, 1.3–1.2, 1.1, and 0.94 Ga with predominantly positive εHf(t) values (–7.1 to +9.7). One metavolcanic rock has an age of ca. 1110 Ma and εHf(t) values of +6.5 to +9.1. The provenance is dominated by local syndepositional arc-related igneous rocks with older detritus possibly from Laurentia, again based on the age distribution of the detrital zircons. The Central Qilian and Hualong terranes show strong affinities with the North Wulan terrane and together constituted a single coherent Qilian block prior to their involvement in the Qilian–North Qaidam orogen. The Qilian block was probably once part of the Tarim craton and had a strong linkage to South Tarim, which drifted from North Tarim during the breakup of Columbia in the early Mesoproterozoic. We suggest that, from the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic, the South Tarim–Qilian formed an active continental margin located close to Laurentia during the assembly of Rodinia. The final collision occurred in the early Neoproterozoic with the formation of a significant continent that included the reunified Tarim-Qilian as well as Qaidam-Kunlun and Qinling terranes, Alxa block, Kyrgyz-Chinese Tianshan, and Yili block.

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6

Yu, Shan, Sanzhong Li, Shujuan Zhao, Huahua Cao, and Yanhui Suo. "Long history of a Grenville orogen relic – The North Qinling terrane: Evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt from Rodinia to Gondwana." Precambrian Research 271 (December 2015): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2015.09.020.

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7

Yang, Gang, Juan Zhang, Hongfu Zhang, Zhian Bao, and Abing Lin. "Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Neoproterozoic Peraluminous Granitic Rocks from the Tianshui Area, Western Margin of the North Qinling Terrane, China: Evidence from Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Zircon U–Pb–Hf–O Isotopes." Minerals 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070910.

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The source and petrogenesis of peraluminous granitic rocks in orogenic belts can provide insights into the evolution, architecture, and composition of continental crust. Neoproterozoic peraluminous granitic rocks are sporadically exposed in the Tianshui area of the western margin of the North Qinling Terrane (NQT), China. However, the source, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting of these rocks still remain unclear, which limits our understanding of the Precambrian tectonic and crustal evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB). Here, we determined the whole-rock geochemical compositions and in situ zircon U–Pb ages, trace-element contents, and Hf–O isotopic compositions of a series of peraluminous granitic mylonites and granitic gneisses in the Tianshui area at the west end of North Qinling. Zircon U–Pb dating revealed that the protoliths of the studied granitic mylonites and granitic gneisses crystallized at 936–921 Ma. The granitic rocks displayed high A/CNK values (1.12–1.34) and were enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, Ba, Th, U, and K) and light rare earth elements, and they were depleted of high-field-strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti). These rocks showed variable zircon εHf(t) (−12.2 / 9.7) and δ18O (3.56‰ / 11.07‰) values, suggesting that they were derived from heterogeneous crustal sources comprising predominantly supracrustal sedimentary rocks and subordinate igneous rocks. In addition, the U–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions from the core domains of inherited zircons were similar to those of detrital zircons from the Qinling Group, suggesting that the Qinling Group was an important crustal source for the granitic rocks. The lithological and geochemical features of these granitic rocks indicate that they were generated by biotite dehydration melting of heterogeneous sources at lower crustal depths. Combining our results with those of previous studies, we suggest that the NQT underwent a tectonic transition from syn-collision to post-collision at 936–874 Ma in response to the assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.

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8

Zhang, Yuan-Shuo, Wolfgang Siebel, Song He, Yan Wang, and Fukun Chen. "Origin and genesis of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous granites of the North Qinling Terrane, China." Lithos 336-337 (July 2019): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.04.008.

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9

Liu, Xuefei, Pengfei Zuo, Qingfei Wang, Leon Bagas, Yuliang He, and Deshun Zheng. "Initial accretion of the North Qinling Terrane to the North China Craton before the Grenville orogeny: constraints from detrital zircons." International Geology Review 61, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2017.1410861.

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10

Dong, Yunpeng, Johann Genser, Franz Neubauer, Guowei Zhang, Xiaoming Liu, Zhao Yang, and Bianca Heberer. "U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the exhumation history of the North Qinling terrane, China." Gondwana Research 19, no. 4 (June 2011): 881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.09.007.

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11

Liang, Shizhengxiong, Dong Chen, Donghuan Li, Youcun Qi, and Zhanfeng Zhao. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Geologic Hazards in Shaanxi Province." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (October 23, 2021): 4259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214259.

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The spatio-temporal distribution of geological hazards, including collapses, landslides, and debris flows, in Shaanxi province, China was studied based on data from 1951 to 2018. The potential impact factors, including the geomorphologic types, rivers, roads, rainfall, and earthquakes, were analyzed using Random Forests. The results indicated that most hazards occurred in summer (i.e., July–September) and were triggered by rainstorms. The freeze–thaw effect had a considerable contribution to hazards in the north. Spatially, most hazards in the north occurred in valley terraces of the Loess Plateau, while medium-relief terrane (relief ranged from 500 to 1000 m) in the southern Qinling Mountains were hazard-prone areas. The collapses and landslides were mainly affected by human factors in Northern Shaanxi, whereas in Southern Shaanxi geomorphology was the primary factor. Permeability was a dominant factor for debris flows. In addition, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake had a remarkable influence on the spatial distribution of hazards. In contrast, for the situation in the Sichuan province, which was close to the earthquake epicenter, the Wenchuan earthquake triggered many collapse and landslide events in the southwest regions of Shaanxi province only on 12 May 2008. The thresholds for the three hazard types in the north and south regions were almost the same despite their distinctly different geologic characteristics. Through a sensitivity analysis, we found an appropriate dry period of 12 h for the area.

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12

Ren, Long, Huaying Liang, Zhiwei Bao, Jian Zhang, Kaixuan Li, and Wenting Huang. "The petrogenesis of early Paleozoic high-Ba–Sr intrusions in the North Qinling terrane, China, and tectonic implications." Lithos 314-315 (August 2018): 534–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.06.027.

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13

WANG, H., Y. B. WU, S. GAO, X. C. LIU, H. J. GONG, Q. L. LI, X. H. LI, and H. L. YUAN. "Eclogite origin and timings in the North Qinling terrane, and their bearing on the amalgamation of the South and North China Blocks." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 29, no. 9 (July 31, 2011): 1019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2011.00955.x.

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14

Liu, Q., Y. B. Wu, H. Wang, S. Gao, Z. W. Qin, X. C. Liu, S. H. Yang, and H. J. Gong. "Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions of migmatites from the North Qinling terrane and their geological implications." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 32, no. 2 (January 23, 2014): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12065.

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15

Sun, Fang-Yuan, Shao-Bing Zhang, Yong-Fei Zheng, Zhen-Xin Li, and Ting Liang. "A missing piece between Laurentia and the North China Craton in Rodinia: Evidence from metasedimentary rocks of the North Qinling Terrane in central China." Precambrian Research 361 (August 2021): 106246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106246.

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16

Belic, Maximilian, Christoph A. Hauzenberger, and Yunpeng Dong. "Multistage Metamorphic Evolution of Retrograded Eclogites from the Songshugou Complex, Qinling Orogenic Belt, China." Journal of Petrology 60, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 2201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa007.

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Abstract The Qinling Orogenic Belt is one of the major collisional orogens in eastern Asia and marks the boundary between the North China Craton and South China Craton. The Songshugou complex is the largest basic to ultrabasic body to be found in the North Qinling Belt, and was emplaced as a lens-shaped body at the southern margin of the Qinling Group. A detailed petrological investigation of garnet amphibolite, augen amphibolite and well-foliated amphibolite together with garnet zoning patterns of major and trace elements, inclusions in garnet, and thermodynamic modelling indicate a multistage metamorphic history. Garnets clearly show characteristics of discontinuous growth, as they display optically light-colored snowball-textured cores surrounded by a darker mantle with few inclusions as well as chemically a sudden increase in grossular and decrease in almandine components. A partly resorbed rim is not recognized optically but mineral inclusions and a discontinuous chemical composition of garnet are proof of this third garnet growth stage. Rare earth element distribution patterns of garnet also show clear evidence for discontinuous growth and allow us to identify the reactions responsible for garnet growth. Garnet core compositions as well as amphibole inclusions allow us to constrain a P–T window where this rock equilibrated in a first stage. Calculated pseudosections and the application of the garnet–amphibole thermometer indicate an upper amphibolite- to lower granulite-facies metamorphic episode at 630–740 °C and 0·7–0·9 GPa. The presence of relict omphacite as well as a discontinuously grown garnet mantle with rutile inclusions clearly places the peak metamorphic stage in the eclogite facies. Garnet (XGrs, XAlm, XPrp) and omphacite isopleths (XMg, XNa) constrain this event at 1·7–2·1 GPa and 570–650 °C. Consistent temperatures of 500–650 °C were also determined by clinopyroxene–garnet geothermobarometry for this event. Growth of an outermost rim as well as different stages of garnet breakdown to plagioclase + amphibole coronae and the nearly complete replacement of former omphacite by a variety of symplectites point to an intricate retrograde P–T path. In more strongly retrograded samples plagioclase + amphibole ± quartz pseudomorphs entirely replace former garnet grains. Certain coronae around garnets and symplectites also contain prehnite and pumpellyite, which formed during a late retrograde stage or during a different event at very low P–T conditions (250–350 °C). Based on the detailed petrological study, we favour a multistage metamorphic history of the Songshugou metabasic rocks. The age of the eclogite-facies metamorphic event must be related to the deep subduction of the Songshugou complex during the early Paleozoic, although the age of garnet core growth remains enigmatic. The development of garnet cores indicates an upper amphibolite-facies regional metamorphic overprint succeeded by an eclogite-facies event around 500 Ma and subsequent retrogression seen in replacement of garnet and formation of symplectite. The latest imprint evidenced by prehnite and pumpellyite may be the result of fluid infiltration during the fading orogenic phase or represents a low-temperature overprint by a later process, probably related to the uplift of the North Qinling terrane at around 420 Ma.

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17

Zhao, Shujuan, Sanzhong Li, Xin Liu, M. Santosh, I. D. Somerville, Huahua Cao, Shan Yu, Zhen Zhang, and Lingli Guo. "The northern boundary of the Proto-Tethys Ocean: Constraints from structural analysis and U–Pb zircon geochronology of the North Qinling Terrane." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 113 (December 2015): 560–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.09.005.

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18

Tang, Huayun, Leitao Cao, Chunmei Yu, and Jianping Zheng. "Melting of the Neoproterozoic Yangtze crustal remnants beneath the North Qinling Terrane induced by the Paleo-Pacific plate subduction: Evidence from the Early Cretaceous Laojunshan granitoids." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 216 (August 2021): 104826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104826.

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19

Yan, Zhen, Changlei Fu, Zongqi Wang, Quanren Yan, Lei Chen, and Junlu Chen. "Late Paleozoic subduction–accretion along the southern margin of the North Qinling terrane, central China: Evidence from zircon U-Pb dating and geochemistry of the Wuguan Complex." Gondwana Research 30 (February 2016): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2015.05.005.

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20

Ma, Zhi Yuan, Xiu Cheng Li, and Hui Ju Zheng. "The Evolution and Instruction of Strontium Isotope in the Geothermal Water of Basin Type." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.845.

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Combined with the Guanzhong basin tectonic evolution, the data of Sr content,87Sr/86Sr ratio and hot water hydrochemistry has been used to study the supply origin and flow path of deep geothermal water in the Guanzhong central region. The Sr isotope study result shows that when accepting recharge, the geothermal water in the northwest and southeast of Xianli terrace both mainly come from northwest direction. A small amount supply source of geothermal water in the Xi 'an city is from Qinling mountain and the principal supply source comes from the west and north direction, however, geothermal water of Chang’an accepts supply from the north of Qinling mountain. Keywords: geothermal water; strontium isotope; basin type; indicating significance

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21

Hou, Jian-Jun, Mu-Kang Han, Bao-Zeng Zhang, Bao-Long Chai, and Heng-Yue Han. "The relationship between pluvial fan and terrace morphology and differential tectonic movement along the North Qinling fault zone, Shaanxi Province, China." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 41, no. 3 (August 26, 1997): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/41/1997/357.

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22

Li, Xiaofei, Ninglian Wang, and Zhanhao Wu. "Terrain Effects on Regional Precipitation in a Warm Season over Qinling-Daba Mountains in Central China." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121685.

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The terrain effects of Qinling–Daba Mountains on reginal precipitation during a warm season were investigated in a two-month day-to-day experiment using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. According to the results from the terrain sensitivity experiment with lowered mountains, Qinling–Daba Mountains have been found to have an obvious effect on both the spatial-temporal distribution and diurnal cycle of reginal precipitation from July to August in 2019, where the Qinling Mountains mainly enhanced the precipitation around 34° N, and the Daba Mountains mainly enhanced it around 32° N at the time period of early morning and midnight. Horizontal distribution of water vapor and convective available potential energy (CAPE), as well as cross section of vertical velocity of wind and potential temperature has been studied to examine the key mechanisms for these two mountains’ effect. The existence of Qinling Mountains intercepted transportation of water vapor from South to North in the lower troposphere to across 34° N and caused an obvious enhancement of CAPE in the neighborhood, while the Daba Mountains intercepted the northward water vapor transportation to across 32° N and caused an enhanced CAPE nearby. The time period of the influence is in a good accordance with the diurnal cycle. In the cross-section, the existence of Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains are found to stimulate the upward motion and unstable environment effectively at around 34° N and 32° N, separately. As a result, the existence of the two mountains lead to a favorable environment in water vapor, thermodynamic, and dynamic conditions for this warm season precipitation.

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23

Zhang, Xiaoning, and Yunpeng Dong. "The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling." Earth Sciences Research Journal 20, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n4.38666.

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The Dabashan thrust nappe structure at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt suffered at least two stages of evolution which are Late Triassic plate subduction collisional orogeny between North China block, Qinling micro-plate and Yangtze block followed by intracontinental orogeny since the Meso-Cenozoic. A prominent topography characteristic within the Dabashan area is a southwestward extrusive arc (Bashan Arc fault) that is one of key factors to understand the geodynamic condition of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure. In this work, two-dimensional plan-view models are constructed to simulate the collisional and intracontinental orogenic movements, and the factors that may control the formation of the Bashan Arc fault are analysed. The modelling results show that the compressive stress produced by the plates collision along both north and south boundaries is the main driving force. The dextral shearing derived from the inconsistent shape on the block margins is the main controller. Rigid tectonic units such as Bikou and Hanan-Micangshan terranes, Foping and Wudang domes, as well as Shennongjia-Huangling anticline also contribute as “anchor” effects. Additionally, the rheology properties of rock material in the Dabashan area affect the shape of the arc. Condición geológica y geodinámica para la formación estructural de la falla de cabalgamiento en las montañas Dabashan basada en el modelo numérico del software FLAC ResumenLa estructura de la falla de cabalgamiento de las montañas Dabashan en el margen sur del cinturón orogénico de Qinling sufrió por lo menos dos etapas de evolución, la colisión orogénica del Triásico Superior entre el bloque de la China del Norte, la microplaca de Qinling y el bloque Yangtze, y la orogénesis intracontinental desde el Meso-Cenozoico. Una característica topográfica prominente del área de Dabashan es un arco extrusivo (falla Arco de Bashan) hacia el suroeste, que es un factor determinante para entender la condición geodinámica de la falla de cabalgamiento en las montañas Dabashan. En este trabajo se construyeron modelos bidimensionales planos para simular los movimientos de colisión e intracontinental orogénicos y se analizaron los factores que podrían controlar la formación de la falla del Arco de Bashan. Los resultados del modelado muestran que el esfuerzo de compresión producido por las placas de colisión en los límites norte y sur es la principal fuerza impulsora de la falla. La principal controladora es la fuerza de cizallamiento dextral derivada de la forma inconsistente en los margenes del bloque. Las unidades tectónicas rígidas como los terrenos Bikou y Hanan- Micangshan, el domo Foping y Wudang, al igual que el anticlinal Shennongjia-Huangling tienen funciones de ancla. Adicionalmente, las propiedades reológicas del material rocoso en el área Dabashan afectan la forma del arco.

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LIU, Bingxiang, Xinxin HUANG, Fukun CHEN, Juan WANG, and Shaoqi ZHOU. "Zircon U‐Pb Age and its Geological Implications of Huangbaicha Leucogranite in North Qinling Terrain." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 93, S2 (May 2019): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.14205.

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25

Zhu, Xi-Yan, Fukun Chen, Shuang-Qing Li, Yi-Zeng Yang, Hu Nie, Wolfgang Siebel, and Ming-Guo Zhai. "Crustal evolution of the North Qinling terrain of the Qinling Orogen, China: Evidence from detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic composition." Gondwana Research 20, no. 1 (July 2011): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.12.009.

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26

Dong, Yunpeng, Zhao Yang, Xiaoming Liu, Xiaoning Zhang, Dengfeng He, Wei Li, Feifei Zhang, Shengsi Sun, Hongfu Zhang, and Guowei Zhang. "Neoproterozoic amalgamation of the Northern Qinling terrain to the North China Craton: Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of the Kuanping ophiolite." Precambrian Research 255 (December 2014): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.09.008.

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Liu, Bing-Xiang, Yue Qi, Wei Wang, Wolfgang Siebel, Xi-Yan Zhu, Hu Nie, Jian-Feng He, and Fukun Chen. "Zircon U–Pb ages and O–Nd isotopic composition of basement rocks in the North Qinling Terrain, central China: evidence for provenance and evolution." International Journal of Earth Sciences 102, no. 8 (June 2, 2013): 2153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-013-0912-6.

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"The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 327, no. 1594 (December 12, 1988): 379–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1988.0135.

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The Tibetan Plateau, between the Kunlun Shan and the Himalayas, consists of terranes accreted successively to Eurasia. The northernmost, the Songban Ganzi Terrane, was accreted to the Kunlun (Tarim-North China Terrane) along the Kunlun-Qinling Suture during the late Permian. The Qiangtang Terrane accreted to the Songban-Ganzi along the Jinsha Suture during the late Triassic or earliest Jurassic, the Lhasa Terrane to the Qiangtang along the Banggong Suture during the late Jurassic and, finally, Peninsular India to the Lhasa Terrane along the Zangbo Suture during the Middle Eocene. The Kunlun Shan, Qiangtang and Lhasa Terranes are all underlain by Precambrian continental crust at least a billion years old. The Qiangtang and Lhasa Terranes came from Gondwanaland. Substantial southward ophiolite obduction occurred across the Lhasa Terrane from the Banggong Suture in the late Jurassic and from the Zangbo Suture in the latest Cretaceous-earliest Palaeocene. Palaeomagnetic data suggest successive wide Palaeotethyan oceans during the late Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic and a Neotethys which was at least 6000 km wide during the mid-Cretaceous. Thickening of the Tibetan crust to almost double the normal thickness occurred by northward-migrating north-south shortening and vertical stretching during the mid-Eocene to earliest Miocene indentation of Asia by India; Neogene strata are almost flat-lying and rest unconformably upon Palaeogene or older strata. Since the early Miocene, the northward motion of India has been accommodated principally by north south shortening both north and south of Tibet. From early Pliocene to the Present, the Tibetan Plateau has risen by about two kilometres and has suffered east-west extension. Little, if any, of the India Eurasia convergence has been accommodated by eastward lateral extrusion.

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Xue, Zhenhua, Wei Lin, Yang Chu, Wei Wei, Zhentian Feng, and Junfeng Zhang. "Late Triassic successive amalgamation between the South China and North China blocks: Insights from structural analysis and magnetic fabrics study of the Bikou Terrane and its adjacent area, northwestern Yangtze block, central China." GSA Bulletin, December 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b36228.1.

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The Bikou Terrane, located at the conjunction of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt and the west Qinling orogenic belt in centeral China, was involved in the Late Triassic collision between the South China and North China blocks. The Bikou Terrane has preserved crucial information on structural geometry and kinematics of Triassic tectonics, and is therefore of great importance for reconstructing the Paleo-Tethyan evolutionary history. However, multi-phase tectonic events of the Bikou Terrane are unsettled. This work presents detailed structural analysis based on both the field and laboratory works, which reveals three phases of deformation events in Bikou and its adjacent areas, including top-to-the-SW shearing related to SW-ward thrusting (DI) mainly to the north of the Bikou Terrane, top-to-the-NNW shearing related to NNW-ward thrusting (DII) in the Bikou Terrane, and strike-slip faulting (DIII) locally developed in the northern Bikou Terrane. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) study and related structural analysis not only support the multiphase deformation but also reveal a gradual transition from the DII-related magnetic fabrics to the DIII-related magnetic fabrics in the Bikou Terrane. Integrating published geochronological data, it is constrained that DI occurred at ca. 237−225 Ma, DII occurred at ca. 224−219 Ma, and DIII possibly occurred during the Early Cretaceous. Based on regional tectonics, the DI event corresponds to the collision between the South Qinling block and the Bikou Terrane, and the DII event reflects the intracontinental amalgamation between the Bikou Terrane and the Yangtze block, which indicates a Late Triassic successive amalgamation from the North China block to the South China block. Intracontinental adjustment represented by the strike-slip (DIII event) occurred after the final amalgamation between the North China and South China blocks. By applying AMS on deciphering structural geometry and multi-phase deformation, our study suggests that AMS is a useful tool for structural analysis.

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Meng, Lifeng, Wei Chen, Tong Shen, and Jinfa Cai. "A Study on the Provenance of Early to Late Triassic Clastic Rocks From the Northwestern Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China: Constraints on the Early Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Western Yangtze Block." Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (August 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.940301.

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U–Pb ages of 637 new detrital zircons of Triassic sandstones from the Northwestern Sichuan Basin (NWSB), together with the petrology and paleocurrent data, are used to constrain the sediment provenance and tectonic–paleogeographic evolution of the western Yangtze Block. The U–Pb age data for the Lower Triassic detrital zircons generally show populations at ∼1,850 Ma, 980–705 Ma, 680–510 Ma, and 290–230 Ma with a minor cluster at ∼2.4 Ga. Such age spectrum features together with the eastward to northeastward paleocurrent direction implied that the Northwestern Sichuan Basin was dominantly fed by the uplifted Khamdian Paleoland. The Upper Triassic detrital zircons yield age populations at 855–730 Ma, 455–415 Ma, and 290–215 Ma and a prominent age group of 1.9–1.7 Ga. These age spectrum features together with paleocurrent data showed a provenance change with a major source of the Longmenshan thrust belt and Songpan-Ganzi terrane for the south area of NWSB and the Qinling orogenic belt for the north part of NWSB. Such transition of the provenance probably indicated the subsidence of the Khamdian Paleoland and uplift of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and Qinling orogenic belt from the Early Triassic to the Late Triassic. This tectonic inversion most likely resulted from the gradually thermal subsidence of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and the gravitational loading triggered by the eastward shortening of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane as well as the ongoing convergence between Yangtze Block and North China Block.

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QIN, Jiangfeng, Shaocong LAI, and Xiaoping LONG. "Paleozoic Tectonic Switch in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt: Constraints from the Paleozoic Granites from the Northern Qinling Migmatite Terrane." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, January 4, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15028.

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Han, Xu, Longming Li, Shoufa Lin, Shenglian Ren, Tao Liang, Lamei Feng, Yanpeng Ge, Kejia Lu, and Lei Wang. "Geochronology and geochemistry of granites from the Hengjian area, Qinling Orogenic Belt: Implications for the Late Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the North Qinling Terrane, China." Geological Journal, August 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.4229.

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33

Fan, Peng, Aihua Xi, Bin Zhou, Xu Chao, Wenbo Yang, Jiaxin Sun, Hongyu Zhu, and Li Wei. "Discovery of Yaozhuang Stock and Deep Ore Prospecting Implication for the Western Mangling Orefield in North Qinling Terrane, Central China." Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (March 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.830453.

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In the western Mangling orefield, the molybdenum (Mo) polymetallic deposits are closely related to the ore-bearing porphyry stocks (individual outcrop size: <1 km2). In this study, we have discovered several granitic stocks at Yaozhuang. Systematic petrologic, zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope and whole-rock geochemical studies show that both the granitic stocks of porphyritic granite (157 ± 2 Ma) and the intruding monzogranite dike (153 ± 1 Ma) were emplaced in the Late Jurassic. These granitic stocks are characterized by high SiO2 (66.83–75.63 wt%), high K2O (4.15–5.05 wt%), high Al2O3 (12.90–16.93 wt%), and low MgO (0.06–0.73 wt%) and are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, being highly fractionated I-A-type transition granites. The content of the total rare Earth element (ΣREE) of the porphyritic granite (139.6–161.7 ppm) is lower than that of the monzogranite (151.4–253.6 ppm). The porphyritic granite has weakly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.77–0.93), whereas the monzogranite has weakly positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.97–1.21) and are more enriched in light rare Earth elements. Both of them are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., K, Rb, and Ba) but depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, and Hf). The zircon εHf(t) values of all the samples range from −16.1 to −6.9, and the two-stage model ages (tDM2) are 1.78–2.16 Ga. The magma may have originated from partial melting of the lower crust (more than 40 km in depth) caused by mantle-derived magma underwelling. The plutons and stocks were emplaced into the intersection of the early EW-trending faults and the late (Yanshanian) NE-trending faults. The fertile magma with high water content (H2O > 4%) and high oxygen fugacity (Delta FMQ > 1.5) indicates that the Yaozhuang area has significant potential for porphyry Mo polymetallic ore discovery.

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Zhao, Jie, Yunpeng Dong, and Baochun Huang. "Paleomagnetic Constraints of the Lower Triassic Strata in South Qinling Belt: Evidence for a Discrete Terrane Between the North and South China Blocks." Tectonics 39, no. 3 (March 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019tc005698.

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35

Liu, Songnan, Yu Wang, Huimin Ma, and Tao Qian. "Timing and nature of intracontinental deformation at the northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin, China: evidence from structural analysis and detrital zircon U–Pb ages." Geological Magazine, March 12, 2021, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675682100011x.

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Abstract The theory of plate tectonics suggests that deformation occurs mainly along plate boundaries; however, compression can result in the formation of orogens and basins within intracontinental settings. During these two tectonic processes, the sedimentation and environmental changes occur in response to marginal and intracontinental deformation. Early Jurassic – Early Cretaceous deformation and basin formation along the Qinling orogenic belt and the northwestern Sichuan Basin in central–SW China are ideal for investigating a reactivated tectonic belt and basin formation. We studied the Lower Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous sedimentary sequences and structures along the northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin, and obtained detrital zircon U–Pb ages for these rocks. The structures show that deformation migrated SE-wards and S-wards into the Sichuan Basin along the Longmen Shan, Micang Shan and Daba Shan tectonic belts during middle–late Mesozoic time. The Lower Jurassic oligomictic conglomerates have a smaller grain size and thicken towards the south, indicating protracted transport from a northern source. The conglomerates deposited near-source record post-orogenic south-vergent thrusting during the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic epochs. The Lower Cretaceous conglomerates and sandstones have multiple sources, which indicate that they were rapidly deposited near their source, synchronous with thrusting that occurred in response to coeval SE-wards and S-wards thrusting in the Longmen Shan and Daba Shan tectonic belts during the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous epochs. Detrital zircon grains from the Lower Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks yielded age peaks of 2600–2200, 1850–1600, 850–700, 540–400, 250–180 and 180–140 Ma. A comparison of these ages with those of surrounding exposed rocks indicates that the sediments in the northwestern Sichuan Basin were supplied from the Qinling orogenic belt, the northwestern Yangtze Block, the south margin of the North China Block and the Songpan–Garzê Terrane. The youngest peaks of detrital zircon U–Pb ages at 207 and 159 Ma constrain the two stages of intracontinental shortening and highlight the link between intracontinental deformation and sedimentation.

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Wenjie, Zhang, An Mengyang, Chen Guanhong, Zhao Fang, Cheng Yong, and Tang Jiale. "The quantification of mountain base elevation based on mountain structure modeling." Frontiers in Environmental Science 10 (October 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1030301.

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The mountain base elevation, which refers to the initial altitude of a mountain or the mountain altitudinal belt, is of great significance for the study of mountain altitudinal zonality and the mass elevation effect. However, a fast and efficient algorithm for the automatic extraction of a mountain base elevation is still lacking; therefore, a new method based on mountain structure modeling to calculate the mountain base elevation is proposed for the Qinling-Daba Mountains (QDM). The result shows that 1) the mountain structures in different catchments of the Qinling-Daba Mountains can be divided into six types, namely, pyramid, low-diamond, diamond, inverse pyramid, hourglass, and ellipsoid, and each type has a specific distribution law; 2) based on the mountain structure, the calculation result of the mountain base elevation in the Qinling-Daba Mountains ranges from 99 m to 3,979 m, being high in the west, north, and south and low in the east and middle, which is consistent with the overall terrain distribution of the Qinling-Daba Mountains; and 3) there is a good linear correlation between the mountain base elevation and the average altitude in the Qinling-Daba Mountains with R2 = 0.96 (p < 0.01), which also indicates that the mountain base elevation quantification algorithm works well in the mountain areas with a complex terrain.

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Zhao, Chongjin, Luolei Zhang, Peng Yu, and Xi Xu. "Integrated Geophysical Evidence for the Middle-Lower Crust Melting of the Songpan-Aba Terrain, NE Tibetan Plateau." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (August 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.752693.

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The Songpan−Aba region is located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonically, the area is surrounded by the West Qinling orogenic belt in the north, the Longmenshan orogenic belt in the southeast, and the East Kunlun and Sanjiang orogenic belts in the west and southwest, forming a triangle that provides an ideal location to study the crust-mantle structure and deep tectonics of the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the magnetic and electrical structures of the Songpan−Aba area were investigated by inversion using high-precision magnetic anomaly and magnetotelluric data to obtain the subsurface magnetization inversion intensity and resistivity of Songpan–Aba and adjacent areas. The results revealed a continuous magnetic layer up to 20 km below Songpan–Aba and its surrounding areas in the south, possibly originating from a magma root southwest of the Longmenshan massif. In the West Qinling, Songpan–Aba, and Longmenshan areas, pervasive low-resistance, weakly magnetic, or magnetic layers were identified below 20 km that might be formed from the molten mantle material extruded from the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau.

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Liu, Qian, Guochun Zhao, Jianhua Li, Jinlong Yao, Yigui Han, Peng Wang, and Toshiaki Tsunogae. "Provenance of early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Altyn Tagh orogen: Insights into the paleoposition of the Tarim craton in northern Gondwana associated with final closure of the Proto−Tethys Ocean." GSA Bulletin, June 30, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35576.1.

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The evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana, especially to the north of India and Australia, remains enigmatic. Much controversy concerns when and where the Tarim craton was amalgamated with northern Gondwana due to final closure of the North and South Altyn Oceans (two branches of the Proto−Tethys Ocean between southeastern Tarim and northern Gondwana). This study addressed these issues through systematic field-based zircon U-Pb dating and Hf-isotope analyses of early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Altyn Tagh orogen. New dating results reveal depositional ages from ca. 494 to 426 Ma. Provenance tracing indicates the ca. 494−477 Ma samples were dominantly sourced from local Altyn Tagh areas to the south of the North Altyn Ocean, whereas the ca. 465−449 Ma samples are characterized by a significant increase in ca. 2.7−2.4 Ga, 2.0−1.7 Ga, and 840−780 Ma detrital zircons, indicating an augmented supply of detritus from the Tarim craton to the north of the North Altyn Ocean. This change indicates a major provenance shift from a single to multiple source regions between ca. 477 and 465 Ma, marking the timing of the final closure of the North Altyn Ocean. Zircon U-Pb and Hf-isotopic data from the ca. 444−426 Ma samples resemble those from the ca. 465−449 Ma samples, suggesting local sediment recycling related to a postcollisional regime. Considering the South Altyn Ocean and other branches of the Proto−Tethys Ocean, we infer that the entire Proto−Tethys Ocean might have been progressively closed at ca. 500−420 Ma, leading to the amalgamation of most East Asian blocks with northern Gondwana. Detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf-isotope comparisons indicate that Tarim shared a North Indian affinity with many East Asian terranes (such as North Qilian, North Qinling, South China, Indochina, South Qiangtang, etc.), rather than with Arabia-Iran or other terranes (e.g., Lhasa and Sibumasu) that were adjacent to western Australia along the northern margin of Gondwana.

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Gao, Hongshan, Fenliang Liu, Tianqi Yan, Lin Qin, and Zongmeng Li. "Drainage Density and Its Controlling Factors on the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (January 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.755197.

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The drainage density (Dd) is an important index to show fluvial geomorphology. The study on Dd is helpful to understand the evolution of the whole hydrological and geomorphic process. Based on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 90-m digital elevation model, the drainage network of basins along the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is extracted using a terrain morphology-based method in ArcGIS 10.3, and Dd is calculated. The spatial characteristics of Dd are analyzed, and the relationship between Dd and its influencing factors, e.g., the topography, precipitation, and vegetation coverage, is explored. Our results show that terrains with a plan curvature ≥3 can represent the channels in the study area. Dd ranges from 2.5 to 0.1 km/km2, increases first, and then decreases from north to south on the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Dd decreases with increasing average slope and average local relief. On the low-relief planation surfaces, Dd increases with increasing altitude, while on the rugged mountainous above planation surfaces, Dd decreases rapidly with increasing altitude. Dd first increased and then decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and Dd reaches a maximum in the West Qinling Mountains with a semi-arid environment, indicating that Dd in different climatic regions of the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau was mainly controlled by precipitation and vegetation.

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