Academic literature on the topic 'North Mananara'

Manania gwilliami n.sp. and Manania handi n.sp., stauromedusae belonging to the family Depastridae, are described from the west coast of North America. They are differentiated from the one species of the genus previously known from that area, M. distincta (Kishinouye, 1910) by shape, color, habitat, and geographic range. Specimens of M. gwilliami are generally red and those of M. handi are green; both lack the dark brown herringbone patterning of M. distincta medusae. Manania gwilliami is widely distributed from Mexico to Canada in exposed shallow-water coastal habitats, whereas M. handi has been found only off the San Juan Islands and Vancouver Island in protected shallow water. The occurrence of M. distincta in the northeast Pacific has been sporadic. The name Manania is a senior synonym of Thaumatoscyphus.

Mananjary district is known for its gold production. To better understand the gold mineralization distribution, a regional structural study was undertaken using airborne geophysics and remote sensing (RS). Magnetometry data, Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) 8 satellite-image and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) have been processed and interpreted. Signals associated with deep structures are weak and dominated by strong signals from surficial magnetic sources. To overcome this problem, local-phase based filters were used. A deep knowledge of each filter allows to use it separately or in combination with other filters. RS is a powerful tool for a regional study. Color composite technique and DEM analysis were helpful to bring out faults and structures. The combination of magnetometry and RS allows geologists to efficiently delineate prospective zones. The study has unveiled a dextral strike-slip fault (SSF) over 240km and associated faults, folds, flower structure and pull-apart basins within the Mananjary gold district. Moreover, the SSF structurally controlled the spatial distribution of Vohilava-Nosivolo and Maha groups. R Riedel shear faults appear as North North East – South South West faults. R’ Riedel shear faults occur in the north of the study area with East North East -West South West orientation. Tectonic block rotation occurred between Ampasinambo and Soavina. P’ shear faults striking West North West – East South East occur in Vohilava. Some folds are associated with the SSF as well. Vohilava positive flower structure which used to be a syncline and its antiform equivalent are SSF footprints. The latter was active since Mesoarchean.

Abstract. Retuerma-Dioneda A, Alejandro GJD. 2022. Inventory of Annonaceae in Abasig-Matogdon-Mananap Natural Biotic Area, Camarines Norte, Bicol, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 2213-2224. The Abasig-Matogdon-Mananap Natural Biotic Area (AMMNBA) is a protected area home to endemic plants; however, Annonaceae remains understudied. The study provided a checklist of Annonaceae species in the area and their taxonomic keys, endemicity and conservation status. Field surveys were conducted in January 2020 and July 2021 in San Vicente and Labo, Camarines Norte. The 110 species identified belong to 11 genera- Artabotrys, Drepananthus, Fissistigma, Friesodielsia, Goniothalamus, Meiogyne, Monoon, Phaeanthus, Polyalthia, Popowia, and Uvaria and five (5) tribes: Ambaviodeae, Annoneae, Miliuseae, Uvarieae, and Xylopieae. Four (4) endemic species were recorded: Friesodielsia lanceolata, Polyalthia luzonensis, Polyalthia lanceolata and Goniothalamus elmeri. This study provides baseline information on Annonaceae species in AMMNBA for appropriate conservation policies and proper management of the potential economic benefits.

Infectious diseases is a very dangerous disease, especially in children under 5 years old. Diarrhea be one of infectious diseases that the commonly encountered. It is estimated that more than 10 million children were less than 5 years die each year where around 20% die of infections diarrhea. Progress in reducing diarrheal diseases influenced by the perception of attitudes and knowledge of every member of society, especially mother perspective because its important role in the prevention and process treatment of diarrheal diseases. The objective of this study is to determine mother perspective of diarrhea on children under 5 years old in central Sumba. This study used a qualitative research design with in-depth interview. Number of research participants whor mothers. Research location was in of North Wendewa Village, Mananga Health Center in Central Sumba District. Results: The mother's perspective on diarrheal infection is influenced by factors such as lack of knowledge, maternal behavior, economy, environment and health services. Conclusion: The formation of a mother's perspective are influenced by factors such as lack of knowledge, level of education, as well as lack of sources of information obtained from various media and resulting in maternal behavior in dealing with infectious diseases. The others caused by low economic factors, inadequate environment and health services.

The-conditions-for-the-formation-of-cyclones-formulated-byPalmen,-cited-by-G.-Donque,-are-present-in-the-southwestIndian-Ocean.-The-first-frequent-formation-area-is-in-the-centerof-the-Indian-Ocean,-at-the-level-of-Agalega-and-near-DiegoGarcia.-These-cyclones-move-from-east-to-west-and-crossthe-extreme-north-of-the-island-to-exit-into-the-MozambiqueChannel:-this-type-of-trajectory-represents-14%-of-thetrajectories-from-1959-89.-Cyclones-with-this-type-of-trajectoryappear-at-the-beginning-of-the-austral-summer:-from-October-toDecember.-The-second-preferred-formation-area-in-the-IndianOcean-is-near-the-island-of-Tromelin,-where-cyclones-enter-theeast-coast-south-of-Toamasina.-In-this-case,-cyclones-can-climbthe-eastern-slope,-cross-the-Highlands-south-of-Antananarivo,- and-exit-the-island-between-Morondava-and-Toliara.-This-typeof-trajectory-represents-12%-of-the-trajectories-from-1959-89.- A-third-type-of-trajectory-was-observed-entering-Madagascarat-Mananjary-to-exit-near-Faux-Cap.-They-represent-9%-ofcyclones-from-1959-89,-and-a-fourth-type-of-trajectory-onlyconcerns-the-east-coast-of-Madagascar,-where-cyclones-runalong-the-eastern-slope-to-exit-on-the-side-of-Farafangana- (9%)-or-by-taking-a-maritime-trajectory-off-the-east-coast- (22%).-Currently,-the-first-type-of-trajectory-remains-the-mostimportant.-Out-of-24-cyclones-born-in-the-Indian-Ocean,- 7/24-have-this-first-type-of-trajectory.-The-second-type-hasoccurred-only-twice,-2/24,-the-third-type-only-once,-1/24-in-20- years.-However,-the-fourth-type-of-trajectory-is-still-the-mostfollowed-by-cyclones,-with-a-frequency-of-7/24.

Cette thèse porte sur le contexte foncier à Madagascar et la nature des rapports qui en découlent entre les multinationales, l’État malgache et les paysans dans la région Analanjirofo. L'enjeu est d'étudier les deux formules de droit foncier qui ont été mises en place successivement à Madagascar depuis 2008 et la façon dont elles ont influé sur la vie des agriculteurs locaux qui, pour la plupart, exploitaient jusqu'à présent des terres immatriculées au nom d'anciens colons ou n'avaient pas mis à jour leurs titres fonciers. Il a été ainsi saisi non seulement les pratiques foncières avant et après les réformes entreprises par l'État malgache, mais aussi les limites de ces réformes et les points d'achoppement de cette politique inédite à Madagascar. L'état des lieux concerne des terres agricoles malgaches faisant l'objet ou non de cession par l'État malgache aux investisseurs nationaux et étrangers depuis la mise en place de la réforme foncière dans un contexte où les terres agricoles deviennent de plus en plus rares et chères et où la spéculation foncière devient plus que jamais un moyen de s'enrichir, le but de ces investisseurs étant de pratiquer une agriculture extensive sur des terres qu'ils auront acquises en dehors de leurs territoires d'origine. Dès lors, le foncier s'est retrouvé au cœur des stratégies d'investissement de ces multinationales. C'est dans ce cadre que, depuis 2008, Madagascar est devenu l'un des pays cibles des achats de terres agricoles et minières par des investisseurs internationaux, alors même que Madagascar rencontre des problèmes de sécurité alimentaire, les agriculteurs locaux ne produisant pas assez pour couvrir les besoins alimentaires de la population malgache. Il s'agit de considérer simultanément les intérêts fonciers des agriculteurs locaux, de l'État malgache et des investisseurs étrangers. La deuxième partie précise le contexte local particulier dû au non achèvement de la réforme foncière et à son caractère partiel, cette réforme n'intéresse finalement qu'une partie des terrains dans une commune donnée. La mise en place très partielle de guichets fonciers censés permettre aux agriculteurs locaux d'officialiser leurs biens fonciers se retrouve contemporaine de l'attribution par l'État de terres aux investisseurs étrangers. Cette partie revient sur l'absence d'adhésion effective de la population à la réforme foncière et sur le sentiment d'insécurité foncière qui règne au sein de la population qui se retrouve confrontée à une forme d'accaparement des terres par les investisseurs étrangers dans un climat de confusion entretenu par des statuts juridiques contradictoires des terres, le droit coutumier coexistant avec les guichets fonciers et la cession de terres par l'État aux investisseurs étrangers. Ainsi, pour les agriculteurs locaux, l'accaparement des terres devient un enjeu principal de la réforme foncière. Dans un troisième temps, la thèse va s'attacher à mettre en évidence le contexte dans lequel s'installent les investisseurs étrangers à Madagascar et à montrer pourquoi ces investissements réalisés à des fins de développement les conduisent finalement à une forme d'accaparement des terres. Elle va montrer également les rapports teintés de défiance entre les agriculteurs locaux et les investisseurs étrangers et la perte de confiance des agriculteurs envers l'État malgache, perçu comme manipulateur car utilisant les investissements étrangers pour s'enrichir. Une solution consisterait à, selon la formule consacrée, "donner du temps au temps", en laissant s'appliquer de manière complète et définitive la réforme foncière des guichets fonciers, sans laquelle les paysans sont, de toute évidence, démunis face à l'aspect de la mondialisation que sont les investissements étrangers
This thesis focuses on land context in Madagascar and the nature of relations between multinationals, Malagasy State and farmers in the Analanjirofo region. The challenge is to study two land law formulas that have been implemented successively in Madagascar since 2008 and how they have affected the lives of local farmers who, for the most part, have worked lands registered in the name of former colonists or have not updated their land titles. It has been not only focused on land practices before and after reforms undertaken by the Malagasy State but also on the limits of these reforms and the critical contentious points of this new policy in Madagascar. It made an inventory of Malagasy farmland being subject (or not) to the Malagasy State assignment to domestic and foreign investors for the implementation of land reform in a context where agricultural land is becoming increasingly scarce and expensive, and where property speculation is becoming, more than ever, a way to get rich, the goal of these investors is to practice extensive farming on land they have acquired outside their home territories. Therefore, the land swung at the heart of the multinational investment strategies. It is in this context that, since 2008, Madagascar has become one of the target countries of agricultural land and mine purchases by international investors, even if Madagascar meets food safety issues, local farmers do not produce enough to cover the food needs of the Malagasy population. These are considered simultaneously land and local farmers interests, the Malagasy government and foreign investors. The second part specifies the particular local context due to the non-completion of the land reform and its partial nature, this reform concerns, finally, only a single part of land in a given municipality. The very partial implementation of land tenure offices, intended to allow local farmers to formalise their land goods, is contemporary to the giving away of land to foreign investors by the state. This section returns to the absence of effective public adhesion to land reform and to the feeling of land insecurity among the population confronted by a kind of 'land grabbing' by foreign investors in a climate of confusion maintained by the contradictory legal status of land, customary law coexisting with the land tenure offices and the transfer of land by the State to foreign investors. Thus, for local farmers, 'land grabbing' is a major issue of land reform. Thirdly, the thesis will seek to highlight the context in which foreign investors settle in Madagascar and will show why these investments for the purpose of development eventually lead to a kind of land grabbing. It will also show how relationships between local farmers and foreign investors are tinged with mistrust and the loss of confidence of farmers towards the Malagasy state, which is perceived as manipulative because of the use of foreign investments for self-enrichment. One solution would be, as the saying goes, to "give time to time", by allowing a comprehensive and definitive implementation of land reform and the reform of land tenure offices, without which farmers are obviously powerless in the face of foreign investments, an aspect of globalisation