Journal articles on the topic 'North Macedonia History'
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1
Brunnbauer, Ulf. "Side Effects of “Phantom Pains”: How Bulgarian Historical Mythology Derails North Macedonia’s EU Accession." Comparative Southeast European Studies 70, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 722–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2022-0064.
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Abstract What happens if historical daydreams derail the vector of European integration? The latest round in the dispute between Bulgaria and North Macedonia provides an insight. This analysis discusses Bulgaria’s veto on European Union (EU) accession talks with North Macedonia, first declared in 2019, and its manifold consequences. Bulgaria tied its consent to North Macedonia’s accession to the EU with the country first capitulating to Bulgarian demands concerning its history and identity. This revived arguments from the 1960s and 1970s. Bulgaria’s demands led to a nationalist counter-reaction in North Macedonia, while at the same time complicating the work of a joint expert commission on shared history established in 2017. The author highlights the unenviable nature of the position of the Macedonian members in the commission, caught as they are between their academic ethos and the diplomatic priorities of their country. The analysis concludes with remarks on the implications for the EU of Bulgaria’s “phantom pains” over Macedonia.
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Yarovyi, V., and I. Malatsai. "THE REPUBLIC NORTH MACEDONIA IN THE RESEARCH OF UKRAINIAN HISTORIANS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 148 (2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.148.13.
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The emergence of a sovereign state of the Republic of Macedonia in the early 90's of the twentieth century. revived interest in issues related to the population, history, culture and name of the state itself. The article analyzes the works of Ukrainian researchers devoted to the problems of the history of the modern republic of Northern Macedonia. The main scientific achievements of domestic historians who study problems that are of great scientific interest not only in Ukraine are analyzed. It is emphasized that only at the end of the twentieth century. In Ukraine, researchers began to pay active attention to the study of the historical past of Macedonia. Today we can identify the most researched issues of Macedonian history in domestic historiography. The first scientific works were devoted to the study of cultural relations between the Russian Empire and the population of the Macedonian lands in the second half of the nineteenth century. XX century, the study of the attitude of Western Europe and Russia to the situation of the Slavic population in the Macedonian lands at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. In the works of Ukrainian researchers, much attention is paid to the study of problems that are important for Ukraine – the process of formation of the national liberation movement. The preconditions for the emergence of Macedonian revolutionary organizations in the early twentieth century are studied. Ukrainian researchers are very interested in issues related to the proclamation and formation of an independent state, socioeconomic life and the development of interethnic relations in Macedonia in the second half of the twentieth century. Actively is investigate the causes, course and consequences of ethnic and political conflict in the early XXI century. At the beginning of the XXI century. a new stage in the development of the study of Macedonia in Ukraine began. As a result of cooperation between scientists of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Macedonia, scientific collections were published. The similar historical destiny of the Macedonian and Ukrainian peoples is important in the study of Macedonian issues in the historical science of Ukraine.
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Risteski, Temelko, Sejdefa Dzhafche, and Vesna Sijic. "ТHE AGREEMENT WITH THE REPUBLIC OF GREECE ON RESOLUTION THE DISPUTE OF NAME AND MACEDONIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY." Knowledge International Journal 33, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3301059r.
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On 17.6.2018, in the village of Nivitsi on the Greek coast of Prespa Lake, the heads of diplomacy of Macedonia and Greece, Nikola Dimitrov and Nikos Kodzias, signed the "Final Agreement for Disputes described in Resolutions 817 (1993) and 845 (1993) of the United Nations Security Council to cease the validity of the 1995 Interim Accord and to establish a strategic partnership between the parties."According to the Agreement, the new name the Republic of Macedonia is "Republic of North Macedonia". It will be used erga omnes, that is, at every opportunity both in the country and abroad. The terms "Macedonia" and "Macedonian" in relation to the Republic of North Macedonia denote its territory, language, people and their characteristics, with their own history, culture, and heritage. The official language of the country is Macedonian, while citizenship is "Macedonian / Citizen of the Republic of North Macedonia". The agreement was also signed by UN mediator Matthew Nimetz. This agreement, also known in the public, as the Prespa Treaty, ended the name dispute between Macedonia and Greece.Following the ratification of the Agreement by the parliaments of the two countries, it commenced its implementation. In the procedure for its implementation, the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia adopted four amendments at its session on 11 January 2019: amending the constitutional name of the Republic of Macedonia in the Republic of North Macedonia, amending the preamble to the Constitution of the Republic, amending Article 3 and replacement of Article 49 of the Constitution (Amendments XXXIII to XXXXVI).The signing of the Agreement divided the Macedonian public. Some (the majority) supported and still support the Agreement, some strongly opposed it. The opposition has regularly been followed by criticism on the Agreement. The criticisms often contained two theses: the first of them was that by the implementation of the Agreement the identity of the Macedonian people would be lost, and the second, always related to the first, that the identity of the Macedonian state would be lost. In this paper we have made an effort to prove the inaccuracy of those theses by applying the method of content analysis based on the principles of formal logic and the dialectical method.
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Šorović, Mira. "The Republic of North Macedonia - A 'new' country in the Western Balkans." Research in Social Change 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rsc-2019-0016.
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Abstract The article tries to explain and define political processes and changes trhough history of the 'new' Western Balkans country - the Republic of North Macedonia. It is word about analysis of the political dispute between Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and Greece, from its biginnings until the present day. This paper will try to give the real picture of political area in the Balkans and explore deeper roots of the 'Macedonian Question' controversy. Also, it will give the explinations of the resolution of 27-year dispute, (between the two neighbor countries), by signing the Prespa Agreement. Hence, leaving by side national identity and history, the North Macedonia will be able to join the European Union and NATO. Thus, in short period of time, a 'new' country in the Western Balkans has putted in the center of the regional politics, with clear purpose: promoting ethnic and cultural heritance in the edge of the European continent.
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BRUYAKO, I. V. "Macedonia and Scythia – History Long of Ten Years." Ancient World and Archaeology 18 (2017): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/0320-961x-2017-18-317-329.
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Interrelations between Macedonia and Scythia in the 30th years of IV cent.BC are discussed here. The decade of these contacts may be divide into 3 phases. Events of each of this phase had a military character. First of them included the Scythian-Macedonian war 339 BC. Following was the North campaign of Alexander Great against barbarian tribes had been living in the Bas-Danube (335 BC). Finally, the military expedition of Zopirion (331/330 BC) completed this very lively and dynamic epoch, that was a one single time in the history of direct relations between two peoples of antiquity.
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Mitrevska, Yagoda, and Dmitrii G. Seltser. "“Environmental Agenda” in the latest political history of Republic of North Macedonia (1990s – 2020s)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 1 (2022): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-1-300-312.
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The place of the environmental agenda in the general logic of the political process of the Republic of North Macedonia is analyzed. The genesis of the environmental agenda in Macedonian politics, its development in the public rhetoric of the establishment and the activities of political parties are revealed. The influence of political conjuncture, disposition and arrangement of po-litical subjects on the relevance of the environmental factor in Macedonian politics and socio-political processes is shown. The algorithm of the impact of the environmental agenda on the change of power in the country is demonstrated. The procedures for the pressure of opposition forces on the state at different stages of the country’s recent political history are detailed. Specific scenarios of transformation of the environmental agenda into a political one are described. A detailed description of the emergence and activity of environmental movements and parties, as well as electoral declarations of leading political parties on environmental issues are given. An explanatory model of the influence of the environmental agenda on the pendulum nature of the change of power in the country is created. A forecast is made for the prospect of preserving the environmental agenda in political and social discourse. The factor of international influence on the activation of the environmental factor in Macedonian political life is established. It is understood which political forces of Northern Macedonia and beyond benefit from maintaining the presence of the environmental theme in the political space.
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Trajanovski, Naum. "The Three Memory Regimes of Ilinden Commemorations (2001–2018)." Southeastern Europe 44, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763332-04401002.
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This article aims to map and periodize memory regimes in North Macedonia, with the divergent set of Ilinden commemorations epitomizing the developments and critical changes in the period from 2001 to 2018. Ilinden is still by and large considered to be pivotal for Macedonian nation-building, structuring the long Macedonian 20th century and serving as the most prominent state holiday. The commemorative narratives, understood as political strategies with the aim of taking a position towards and interpreting the past, establish a set of patterns, groups or trajectories which will be argued to be principal in the creation of official memory in North Macedonia. Herein, the set of 18 Republic Day/Ilinden commemorations will be reconstructed, triangulating the analysis of Macedonian media outlines, institutional discourses and political rhetoric, and finally, it will be discussed as a tripartite periodization model, drawing upon the theoretical framework offered by Kubik and Bernhard (2014).
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Ponomareva, A. "Church Split in the Republic of North Macedonia: The Foreign Policy Dimension." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 2 (2022): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2022-2-43-62.
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The unexpected reconciliation of the Serbian Orthodox Church with the Macedonian ‘schismatics’, which took place in May 2022, determines the relevance of the retrospective analysis given in the article of this church conflict that has lasted more than half a century in the Republic of North Macedonia. Using the historical-genetic method, the underlying reason is revealed and the dynamics of the conflict that unfolded between the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid – is traced. With the use of the realistic approach to international relations and the hypothesis of maintaining a close connection between the church and state in the Balkans, the author identifies the key parties to the conflict, which, in addition to Serbia and the Republic of North Macedonia, include Bulgaria, Greece, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and describes the evolution of the strategies chosen by these parties to conduct. At the same time, the focus of the study is not the theological dimension of the subject in question, but its foreign policy implications. The history of the church schism is considered in the broader context of the political elites of the Republic of North Macedonia finding the solution to the task of integration into Euro-Atlantic structures, the possibilities of using the church factor in the reaching of geostrategic goals are shown. It is stated that the reasons that pushed the hierarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church to reach agreements with the Macedonian ‘schismatics’ lie in the dimension of foreign policy, and the discussion of the status of the Ohrid Archdiocese was one of the elements of the struggle for influence in the Balkans, both regional and non-regional players. By its decision to support the autocephaly of the Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid, the Serbian Orthodox Church has demonstrated the recognition of a specific Slavic-Macedonian national identity, which is questioned in the official historical narratives of Greece and Bulgaria, and, at least on the Balkan track, the papist aspirations of the Patriarchate of Constantinople were limited. Ultimately, the pragmatic position of the Serbian Orthodox Church did not allow the Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid to be turned into an instrument for realizing the interests of the Phanar supported by Western countries and took away the conflict potential from the topic that could contribute to the political demarcation of Serbia and the Republic of North Macedonia. Nevertheless, in the prognostic part of the conclusion, a high probability of ‘church wars’ resuming is stated, but with a new, not united by Orthodoxy, list of participants, namely containing representatives of the Albanian and Macedonian communities.
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Smirnov, P. A. "Bulgarian Vector for North Macedonia Foreign Policy: the Problem of Identity." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 14, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2021-02-86-96.
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The article is devoted to the role of the identity factor in the Bulgarian-Macedonian relations. The main controversial issues acute in the period 1991–2021 are the question of the independence of the Macedonian language and the question of the “starting point” of Macedonian history. The foreign policy of the Macedonian republic is investigated in the context of Balkan states` striving for Euro- Atlantic integration. An important part of the study is analyzing the problems of the European Union enlargement to the south-east.As a result of the research, the author comes to several conclusions: Sofia’s opposition to Skopje’s accession to the EU has a solid economic implication; relations with the Bulgarian state have always been of key importance for the Macedonian republic, regardless of plans to join NATO and the EU, since touched upon the key issues of self-determination of the Macedonian people; the rhetoric of the Bulgarian side has a certain tendency to revise the role of Bulgaria in the Second World War, which is categorically unacceptable for the EU member states seeking to withdraw the historical agenda from the negotiation process on the Republic of North Macedonia’s accession to the European Union.
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Petreski, Marjan. "Exploring Diaspora Contribution to North Macedonia’s Development." Southeastern Europe 43, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763332-04303005.
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The objective of this article is to qualitatively assess the scope of diaspora contribution to the economic development of North Macedonia. The author’s key argument is that diaspora presents an indispensable source of opportunities for helping the development of the country. The author collected qualitative data and used existing quantitative data, and set them in an exploratory framework. Findings suggest that diaspora works positively for the economic and, broadly societal development of North Macedonia. The contribution of the various forms of diaspora engagement has been assessed as positive. The more systematic evidence existing on the role of remittances in development supports their poverty-alleviation role, as well their acting as informal social protection for the receiving households. However, findings suggest that the potential for diaspora engagement in North Macedonia’s development remains significantly underutilized, particularly in terms of diaspora investment. The insufficiently systematic approach in dealing with the issue, government inefficiency and the perception of political uncertainty and the (deficiency in) rule of law are identified key stumbling blocks.
11
Kaytchev, Naoum. "Bilateral relations with the republic of /North/ Macedonia as an element of Bulgarian regional policy after 1989." Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne 30 (2021): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543733xssb.21.016.13809.
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The article begins with a re-evaluation of the often neglected importance of 1989 developments in Skopje that inaugurated the subsequent transition of Yugoslav Macedonia leading to its transformation into an independent republic. The text argues that the outcome of the often overlooked congress of the League of Communists of Macedonia in late November 1989 dismantled a small break out of the pan-European Berlin Wall that autumn. After 1989 Bulgaria maintained a policy aimed at limiting and the non-proliferation of the conflict from the dissolving Yugoslav federation and contributed to the stabilization of the former Yugoslav and wider region. One of the most sensitive aspects of Sofia’s regional policy was that towards Skopje. The article offers evidence and argues that Bulgaria’s approach since 1989 went through different phases but nonetheless was based on three key constant principles: first, support for the independence and for the statehood of the new Republic of Macedonia; second, the countering and dismantling of Macedonianism (in its ‘Yugoslav’ and ‘antiquated’ versions alike) both as a provocative construct of history and as Skopje’s foreign policy practice; third, seeking of solutions within the wider EU and NATO framework and support for the Republic of /North/ Macedonia’s integration into NATO and EU structures.
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Gerginova, Dessislava, Svetlana Simova, Milena Popova, Marina Stefova, Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva, and Vassya Bankova. "NMR Profiling of North Macedonian and Bulgarian Honeys for Detection of Botanical and Geographical Origin." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 4687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204687.
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Bulgaria and North Macedonia have a long history of the production and use of honey; however, there is an obvious lack of systematic and in-depth research on honey from both countries. The oak honeydew honey is of particular interest, as it is highly valued by consumers because of its health benefits. The aim of this study was to characterize honeydew and floral honeys from Bulgaria and North Macedonia based on their NMR profiles. The 1D and 2D 1H and 13C-NMR spectra were measured of 16 North Macedonian and 22 Bulgarian honey samples. A total of 25 individual substances were identified, including quinovose, which was found for the first time in honey. Chemometric methods (PCA—principal component analysis, PLS-DA—partial least squares discriminant analysis, ANOVA—analysis of variance) were used to detect similarities and differences between samples, as well as to determine their botanical and geographical origin. Semiquantitative data on individual sugars and some other constituents were obtained, which allowed for the reliable classification of honey samples by botanical and geographical origin, based on chemometric approaches. The results enabled us to distinguish oak honeydew honey from other honey types, and to determine the country of origin. NMR was a rapid and convenient method, avoiding the need for other more time-consuming analytical techniques.
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Koloskov, Evgenii. "Pettifer J., Vickers M. Lakes and Empires in Macedonian History: Contesting the Waters. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. 240 p. ISBN 978-1-3502-2614-2." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 17, no. 1-2 (2022): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2022.17.1-2.12.
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This review is devoted to the book “Lakes and Empires in Macedonian History: Contesting the Waters” by James Pettifer and Miranda Vickers. Two British authors who are world famous specialists in Balkan history (Oxford University Professor J. Pettifer and M. Vickers, now a “free agent”) present to the public the history of the Prespa Lake region, which gained some fame after the signing of the Prespa agreement. This agreement ended the Macedonian name dispute, which dated back to 1991. The authors, who have an impressive scholarly background, show the results of more than 30 years of study of the region. The review provides an overview of the book, the translation of which into Russian is not only the desire of the monograph’s authors, but also our recommendation. The book makes a successful attempt to trace the complex history of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious microcosm around the lake owned by three countries: Albania, Greece, and North Macedonia. Primary attention is paid to the history of the inhabitants of the village of Psarades / Nivitsi in Greek Macedonia. This small settlement on the shores of the Prespa, with a long history of political upheavals, now, like the entire region, also faces environmental diffi culties – the problem of the lake’s shallowing clearly demonstrates new challenges for the inhabitants of this Balkan microcosm, which traditionally has been oriented towards fi shing. The authors use a wide variety of scientifi c methods for the description, analysis, and study of the Prespa region. Specifi c attention in this review is paid to the methods of studying ecological history.
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Ramčilović, Zećir. "Revizionizam i (zlo)upotreba historije od strane Bugarske prema Sjevernoj Makedoniji i njenoj integraciji u Europsku uniju." Historijski pogledi 5, no. 8 (November 15, 2022): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.134.
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History is a social science, which is concurrently humanistic since it offers not only knowledge about the past, but through the study of historical processes and phenomena influences the creation of a representation of today's concepts and social processes. History is the foundation on which the personality of each individual is built and formed, particularly in education where history models the mankind about their knowledge of themselves and others. Unfortunately, in more or less all Balkan historiographies there is a certain extent of history mythologizing, reinterpretation of facts depending on the needs of usually the government or certain structures and centers of power, and the imposition of truth that should not be discussed, or what is written in textbooks. That is why the mentioned structures create purposeful crises, and then they manage them and, if necessary, resolve them. Socio-political relations are changing and most frequently, apart from a small circle of people who have an interest, ordinary people and society as a whole suffer from long-term harmful consequences that can often get out of control. That is why history has become a powerful weapon that is very often used to manipulate and achieve various, mostly political goals. That is why it is difficult to be a historian in the Balkans! It is quite normal and logical for historians to argue and disagree about certain historical processes and phenomena, but the problem is that because of the above mentioned, historians become an instrument for achieving a certain goal and ideology. One such example is North Macedonia, which suffers consequences in its development, position in the world and realization of its strategic goals precisely because of the (mis)use of history and historical revisionism. This is particularly pronounced by the blocking of North Macedonia to start the negotiations for EU membership by Bulgaria due to the history and processes in the past that are not in line with the so-called Bulgarian historical narrative. Using an argument of force, not facts, using its better international position, Bulgaria creates and imposes a narrative on the Bulgarian identity of the Macedonian people, and the Macedonian language for the Bulgarian dialect, with the relativization of the then Bulgarian participation in the fascist coalition, and the negation of the occupying regime. This is utterly inappropriate for one state to intervene in this way on the history and historical facts of another state. Bilateral disputes are not new to Europe, but the way and pressure that Bulgaria is exerting on North Macedonia is morally and legally unjustified, in which a large part of historians are co-sponsors, becoming an instrument of certain structures. In addition to the analysis of controversial attitudes and positions as a result of historical revisionism of Bulgarian institutions and „historians“, the paper shows that the development of relations between the two countries is directly correlated with changes in government and governing structures, i.e, their ideologies and needs. The resolution of disputes related to the past is possible only with the application of modern approaches and depoliticization of history and its role in modern society.
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Neofotistos, Vasiliki P. "Sport and nationalism in the Republic of North Macedonia." Focaal 2019, no. 85 (December 1, 2019): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2019.850110.
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Using the Republic of North Macedonia as a case study, this article analyzes the processes through which national sports teams’ losing performance acquires a broad social and political significance. I explore claims to sporting victory as a direct product of political forces in countries located at the bottom of the global hierarchy that participate in a wider system of coercive rule, frequently referred to as empire. I also analyze how public celebrations of claimed sporting victories are intertwined with nation-building efforts, especially toward the global legitimization of a particular version of national history and heritage. The North Macedonia case provides a fruitful lens through which we can better understand unfolding sociopolitical developments, whereby imaginings of the global interlock with local interests and needs, in the Balkans and beyond.
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Zulfiu Alili, Merita, Russell King, and Ilir Gëdeshi. "Potential Migration of Educated Youth from North Macedonia: Can Brain Drain be Averted?" Migration Letters 19, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i1.2093.
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Using unique survey data collected from respondents attending university in North Macedonia (N=423), this paper investigates students’ decisions on intended emigration. The study is set within the regional context of high youth migration from the Western Balkans and involves comparisons with an earlier, similar study on Albania. Results for North Macedonia indicate that those more likely to leave the country are undergraduate (as opposed to postgraduate) students, those who are not planning to continue further studies and students with a family history of migration. The concluding discussion makes policy recommendations for reforming the labour market to dissuade young graduates from leaving and attract the return of those already abroad.
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Pajaziti, Ali. "SPIRITUALITY AND TOLERANCE: THE CASE OF NORTH MACEDONIA." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 1959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31061959p.
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Tolerance is one of the values that is becoming more and more important in different world agendas, especially at a time when theories of conflicts between cultures, civilizations and religions are being furiously propagated, and when the world is facing a multidimensional crisis. Today, tolerance is needed as air. Its spirit should be distributed in all dimensions of life, it must "be applied as a principle in education; we need to build generations in conjunction with this crucial value. (Yilmaz, 2004: 109) Religious tolerance implies the generosity that one shows to another religion, outside of their own; it is a moral determination to keep the supporters of that religion calm in practicing their spirituality in private and public life, although they may absolutely disagree with it and consider it false faith. (Pohle, 1912) Religion and tolerance are related in both theoretical and practical terms. It has been shown by numerous examples in history, close and distant, as well as by the current situation in global terms. Religious tolerance implies that a person does not discriminate another person’s religious beliefs even though he may think that they are or can be wrong. The tolerant way of thinking based on dialogue reduces the number of dogmatic people among the wits, fanatics and extremists among the believers, and tyrants among the politicians. (Šušnjić, 2004: 1, 7-16) The majority of citizens consider religion as a driving force in the way of creation of a tolerant, multiultural and cohesive society. This paper deals with binom spirituality and tolerance in the North-Macedonian Context. Methods use in the research are descriptive, content analysis, case study etc.
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Jusufi, Islam. "Reversibility of Illiberalism." Southeastern Europe 46, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 178–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763332-46020003.
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Abstract From 2006 to 2016, North Macedonia experienced a period of democratic backsliding and illiberalism. Following the elections of 2016 and the rise of the opposition Social Democrats to power, these tendencies seem to have reversed, and the country seems headed towards a liberal democratic path. The expectation that illiberalism is resilient and difficult to eradicate has been proven wrong. Various sources have been identified in the literature as the drivers of the fall of illiberal regimes around the world. But what is the role of the critical juncture in generating change? The article defines the critical juncture as a path that ended the democratic backsliding and illiberalism in North Macedonia, while also considering the compromises made and thus the reversibility of the processes. The study nuances the debates about the emergence, resilience, and fall of illiberal regimes, and highlights outcomes seen in North Macedonia as a result of the push against illiberalism.
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Luku, Esilda. "Teaching about the Holocaust in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 58–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2022.140204.
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Abstract This article provides a comprehensive overview of the way the Holocaust is taught in pre-university education in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia. It analyses the context in which references to the Holocaust occur in curricula and examines different approaches adopted by teachers based on data collected in a survey. The research reveals that most teachers concentrate on perpetrator narratives, give priority to moral lessons derived from the Holocaust at the expense of a historical narrative, and find it difficult to effectively manage the limited time available for history lessons. However, some progress has been made regarding teachers’ perceptions of and approaches to teaching about the Holocaust in line with guidelines published by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's Education Working Group.
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Zakharova, Anna Vladimirovna, and Elena Sergeevna Dyatlova. "On the builders and painters active in Prilep, North Macedonia, in the late 13th сentury." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, no. 2 (28) (2020): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2020.204.
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The research was prepared with the financial support of Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 20-18-00294, at the Research Institute for Theory and History of Architecture and Town Planning, branch of the Central Research and Project Institute of the Construction Ministry of Russia (Moscow). The paper analyses the particularities of architecture and murals in the churches of St. Demetrius and St. Nicholas in Prilep, North Macedonia. Both churches were built and painted in several phases, which generated various views on their attribution and dating in the scholarly literature. The authors argue that the last rebuilding of St. Demetrius church was done by the same crew that finished the construction of St. Nicholas church between 1284 and 1298. Many specific traits indicate that these builders came to Prilep from the central regions of the Despotate of Epirus. Analyzing painting style the authors conclude that one or two local painters were responsible for the murals in the altar zones of the two churches. There are also wall paintings belonging to other layers in the both churches. The master who finished the painting in the church of St. Nicholas in 1298 could be of Epirote origine, although some traits of his style reveal the knowledge of local trends in the art of Macedonia too.
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Idrizi, Bashkim. "Treatment of cartography in official classification of fields of sciences and its misuse by the State Educational Inspectorate and the University of Tetova." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-135-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cartography in the under-law regulation for classification of fields and sciences in North Macedonia (page 49-93, annex 2, official gazette no.103 year 2010, http://www.slvesnik.com.mk/Issues/3F71A9F8CEFC884D813AD80158E3FBAD.pdf) in the same time is listed under the natural and technical sciences with two separate codes, namely: 10502 under the group of geography fields and 20606 under geodesy fields (official gazette no.103 year 2010, annex 2, pages 51 and 57). Based on this classification, non-cartographers, even official officers of the governmental institutions, gets wrong indicator as if they were two different type of science fields. This was the legal base for deliberately abuse by the officials in the State Inspectorate of Education in North Macedonia (http://dpi.mon.gov.mk) and University of Tetova (www.unite.edu.mk), which began on January 2016.</p><p>In the minutes and decision nr.09-38 from 18.01.2016, contrary to article 17 of the Law for educational inspection (http://mon.gov.mk/images/documents/zakoni/zakon_za_inspekcija_26-02-2016.pdf), the state educational inspector Gjorgji Ilievski, made artificial and crucial difference between cartography as science under technical sciences and cartography as other science under natural sciences, by deciding that those who has PhD on cartography in technical faculties such as geodesy are not eligible to be elected as cartography lecturer/professor in the faculties of natural sciences such as geography department. This is non-professional and non-real distinction, however in the law system of North Macedonia, the signed decision nr.09-38 has an inspectional executive legal status, which should be obligatory used by the others as a legal base for other decisions. This is very dangerous situation, because the official decision by the state institution (State Educational Inspectorate) have to be used by all other institutions as a legal base for other procedures/decisions, even though it contain totally incorrect and non-professional proof!</p><p>Based on the decision nr.09-38 from 18.01.2016 of the State Educational Inspectorate, on 22.06.2016 Vullnet Ameti as Rector of the University of Tetova has signed a decision nr.02-2094/1 for revocation of academic degrees in cartography under the natural sciences, with the same justification that “a PhD title on cartography that has been acquired in technical sciences is not eligible for getting academic position of cartography professor in geography department”. This is the second official document/decision which has direct negative impact to cartography and cartographers in North Macedonia.</p><p>Main proof which proves that both decisions are deliberately abuse by the officials in the State Inspectorate of Education in North Macedonia and the University of Tetova is classical falsification on my professional identity. In both documents, signer’s educational inspector Gjorgji Ilievski as well as rector Vullnet Ameti have used wrong profession for my education as civil engineer, even though I have never studied in my life the civil engineering. In both documents, the signers have written supposedly that my PhD diploma is on civil engineering with code 207 (based on official gazette nr.103, year 2010; page 57). Such kind of decisions in which the signers change your profession without any document, is a crime and violation of the human rights.</p><p>For the crime, falsification, non-real difference of scientific fields and non-professional actions, with the deliberately abuse by the officials in the State Inspectorate of Education in North Macedonia and the University of Tetova, all relevant institutions of North Macedonia have been informed, such as: Ministry of Education and Science, Academy of sciences, Ombudsman, Public prosecution, the Office of Prime Minister, the commission for anticorruption, the council of inspections, the administrative inspection, the administrative court, and the commission for discrimination, as well as some international organizations accredited in North Macedonia. However, until today, the end of February 2019, any concrete decision which will punish the signers of decisions with wrong proofs doesn’t reached to me!</p><p>In order to proof the opposite of those used in both decisions/minutes of State Inspectorate of Education in North Macedonia and the University of Tetova, the clarification has been asked to be given by the Sector for high education in the Ministry of Education and Sciences of North Macedonia (www.mon.gov.mk), and by the International Cartographic Association (www.icaci.org). Two documents with answers have been delivered from both institutions. Answer of the sector for high education nr. 14-9498/2 of 17.08.2017 prove that my PhD thesis defended in year 2007 in geodesy department at the Faculty for civil engineering of the University of “St. Cyril and Methodius” in Skopje is in the field of cartography, as well as prove that doesn’t exist any difference between cartography listed in the technical and natural sciences in the under-law regulation for classification of fields and sciences in North Macedonia (annex 2, official gazette no.103 year 2010). Non-existing difference between cartography listed under the technical (geodesy) and natural (geography) sciences is proved also in the “Letter of Clarification/Confirmation for Cartography as independent science and its relation to natural and technical sciences” issued by the International Cartographic Association on 02.10.2018. Both documents have been submitted by me to the State Inspectorate of Education in North Macedonia and the University of Tetova, as well to other relevant institutions in North Macedonia, however until today, this issue has not been solved by any institution in North Macedonia. Therefore, additional international input by the International Cartographic Association is needed, because the destiny of cartography, cartographers and the individuals who are dealing with cartography can-not be left in hands of irresponsible officers who misuse their official positions to sign such a kind of illegal decisions (nr.09-38 from 18.01.2016, and nr.02-2094/1 from 22.06.2016) in order to punish certain people, in this case punishing me!</p><p>The used codes 10502 for cartography under the group of geography fields and 20606 under geodesy fields (official gazette no.103, year 2010, annex 2, pages 51 and 57) are part of the under-law regulation known in North Macedonia as “International Frascati Classification of scientific fields”. However, this type of classification is not fully compatible with the Frascati classification, which means that usage of word “international” doesn’t reflect the reality. The proofing of this statement is very easy. In any country worldwide can not be recognized the same classification with same codes 10502 and 20606 for cartography, even all codes used in this regulation. These proofs clearly indicate that the classification in North Macedonia called “International Frascati Classification of scientific fields” is not an international classification, so it is just a classification in national level, and it is not internationally used.</p><p>The beginning of this kind of classification in North Macedonia was established in year 2001 within the Tempus project CME-03118-97 (http://ftu.uklo.edu.mk/FTU/html/soopstenija/naucni%20polinja.pdf), and is formalized in year 2010 as underlaw regulation for “International Frascati Classification” (official gazette no.103, year 2010, annex 2). The classification called “Класификација на Научни Полиња, Подрачја и Области (Дисциплини) на Истражување” is performed in year 2001 within the project “Developing a system for quality assessment of educational performance to be introduced in Macedonian universities” under the Tempus programme CME-03118-97, by defining 960 scientific fields in the third level of classification, based on CERIF 1998 (Common European Research Project Information Format), UNESCO 1998 and two levels of Frascati Manual 1993 by OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development , https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000101730). Nine year later, on year 2010, this project output (list of classification) has been used as a basic document for officialization of the classification of scientific fields in North Macedonia.</p><p> Even though classification from year 2010 (official gazette no.103, year 2010, annex 2) is based on documents from year 1993 (by OECD) and 2001 (by TEMPUS project), it is still in official use in North Macedonia for all official procedures in the high education sector, although it is more than 2 decades old and doesn’t fit the big technological changes happened in sciences during the last decades. Unfortunately, contrary to the reality, it is used as legal and professional base for illegal minutes and decision nr.09-38 signed by Gjorgji Ilievski on 18.01.2016 and decision nr.02- 2094/1 signed by Vullnet Ameti on 22.06.2016.</p><p>Since the state educational inspectors in State Educational Inspectorate are officers with bachelor or master education in pedagogy, history, geography, physical education etc., the supervision of high educational process in public and private universities in North Macedonia is in very critical point, because the officers with bachelor or master degree on education have to supervise university professors in specific scientific areas, which is impossible mission!</p><p>At the web site of the Ministry of education and sciences (http://www.mon.gov.mk/index.php/2014-07-24-06-34-40/pravilnici), in the page for regulations, as well as in the page regulation of the web site of the State Educational Inspectorate (http://dpi.mon.gov.mk/index.php/regulations/pravilnici), searched on February 2019, the “International Frascati Classification” from year 2010 (official gazette no.103, year 2010, annex 2) is missing.</p><p>In the latest Law for high education in North Macedonia (official gazette no. 82, year 2018, http://www.slvesnik.com.mk/Issues/e70eb6afb4a04960b76db298d126db17.pdf), Frascati Classification is kept as basic document for two levels of classification, defined in article 2 point 16, while the third level should be defined as national standard (article 43, point 18). However, until today a new classification is still not defined, so unfortunately the older one from year 2010 with data from years 1993 and 2001 is still in official use.</p><p>During the oral presentation within the upcoming ICA conference in Tokyo-Japan, many practical problems in cartography are coming from mentioned regulation and its misuse by the state educational inspectors in North Macedonia and the University of Tetova, authenticated with concrete official documents will be presented.</p>
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Kandel, Pavel. "KOSOVO AND NORTHERN MACEDONIA: LOCAL ELECTIONS ARE NOT THE LOCAL-SCALE ISSUES." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 25, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120224455.
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The topic of the article is the 2021 elections to the municipal bodies of Kosovo and Northern Macedonia. Although usually of little attention, in the present case they went beyond local importance calling into question the stability of the governments. Backing from the protest vote the ruling parties in both states were dependent upon turned out to have had a limited shelf life during the socio-economic crisis caused by the pandemic, which their long-time opponents have effectively used. This even prejudged the extremely negative outcome for those who are currently at the helm. In neighboring Bulgaria, too, the strength of the new government began to cause increasing doubts due to discrepancies between the president and the prime minister, seemingly political associates. The enhanced cooperation between Sofia and Skopje has raised hopes for an early compromise in their long-standing dispute related to the problems of Macedonian identity, language and their common history. However, this development runs the risks of becoming a hostage or a victim of internal political strife in neighboring countries. In such a case Brussels and Washington that have urgently pressed for the lifting of the Bulgarian veto on the start of talks for accession of North Macedonia to the EU, will once again find themselves in the unenviable position of «the tail wagging the dog!».
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Hubbell, Larry, and Veli Kreci. "The Importance of Introducing a Merit-Based Hiring System in North Macedonian Governments." SEEU Review 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2019-0023.
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AbstractIn this article, the authors present several topics related to the nascent development of a merit-based hiring system in North Macedonia. This paper employs a normative approach. We advocate for a merit-based hiring system, similar to the American model. First, we explore the pressure exerted by the European Commission to adopt a merit-based system at all levels of government as a condition for entry into the European Union. Second, we delve into the patronage system in North Macedonia. Third, we provide a short history of patronage in the United States and the difficulty that nation had in curbing its entrenched patronage system. Fourth, we discuss the advantages of a merit-based hiring system, namely the creation of good governance, the improvement of employee morale, the development of more public confidence in government, the reduction of the influence of ethnic politics and the furtherance of the rule of law. Finally, we present an example drawn from the American federal government about the basic procedures of a merit-based hiring process.
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Zavorina, Maria L. "The Tradition of Epirus in the Late Byzantine Architecture of North Macedonia." Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 11 (2021): 468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa2111-04-36.
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Poposki, Kostadin, Zaklina Sopova, Marija Dimzova, Elena Denkovska, Tatjana Stoleska, and Mile Bosilkovski. "Cat Scratch Disease: The First Case Report in Republic of North Macedonia." PRILOZI 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2020-0048.
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AbstractCat scratch disease (CSD) is the main clinical manifestation caused by Bartonella henselae in immuno-competent patients. The bacterium is transmitted to humans from cats via scratches or bites. In this case report, we are presenting to our knowledge the first etiologically confirmed case of CSD in our country. Here we describe the case of a previously healthy adult female patient presenting with fever and axillar lymphadenopathy over 1-month period. She underwent numerous clinical and paraclinical investigations for potential etiologies associated with lymphadenopathy and fever. Finally, serological testing for B.henselae was performed with titers for IgG 1:1024 and 1:160 for IgM, which confirmed the diagnosis. Five-day treatment with azithromycin resulted with good clinical response and complete recovery. We proved that CSD is a reality in our country and this report should raise awareness in medical doctors, especially infectious disease specialist. Also, CSD should be included in differential diagnosis in patients with fever of unkown origin (FUO), who are presenting with regional lymphadenopathy, with or without history of cat contact.
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Gjorgjevski, Gjoko. "Nurturing the Culture of Dialogue." Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 6, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 385–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00602008.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe the relations between the religious communities in the Republic of North Macedonia. This paper will examine the history of each of the most numerous traditional religious communities in the country, the history of the dialogue between them and its present situation, the communication and mutual influences, as well as the attempts to overcome disagreements and misunderstandings. It is an overview of the most important activities of the dialogues and challenges in relation to the events and changes in the country.
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Damjanovski, Ivan, and Nenad Markovikj. "The Long Road to Europeanization." Southeastern Europe 44, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763332-04401003.
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This article focuses on the relation between EU leverage and domestic elites related to the differential impact of conditionality in the case of the Republic of North Macedonia. The main focus is on the influence of the low credibility of the membership perspective on the effectiveness of EU political conditionality in North Macedonia. Additionally, it examines to what extent the legitimacy of the process is determined by domestic factors. The domestic political elites strategically raise the domestic costs to the level where Europeanization becomes a highly costly process and external influences such as political isolation or rewards given in the process seem to have very weak results. The article introduces the concept of the “leverage trap” – a political discourse devised by domestic political elites apropos the EU, in turn used to increase the leverage of political elites domestically and to present the EU as an impotent actor.
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TOÇI, Arta. "Translation in EFL Classroom." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v5i1.217.
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Throughout much of the history of research into second language acquisition (SLA), the role of learners’ first language (L1) has been a hotly debated issue. Prodromou (2000) refers to the mother tongue as a ‘skeleton in the closet’, while Gabrielatos (2001) calls it a ‘bone of contention’. Such views are but a mere reflection of the different methodological shifts in English Language Teaching, which have brought about new and different outlooks on the role of the mother tongue. The conflict itself is taking place in academic circles rather than in classrooms, where the use of L1 is still considered unacceptable owing to the predominance of the communicative method in language teaching. Research on the role that mother tongue has for the non-native learners of English has been conducted around the world, however none in North Macedonia. This research aims to explore some of the controversy regarding the use of the student’s first language (L1), as well as to suggest translation activities as a beneficial tool for the students of South East European University in Tetovo, North Macedonia. It also provides insights into native language interference in the process of translating from students’ mother tongue into English, and vs.
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Bajrami, Demush, and Albrie Xhemaili. "Political Communication, Creative Use of Media and the Process of EU Integration of North Macedonia." SEEU Review 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2020-0018.
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Abstract The human history relates to the history of communication, which has also been a co-driver of human development. Communication integrates the knowledge, organization and power of a society. Today, there is an increasing debate over the importance of politicians' mutual communication, communication with voters and the media, the role of public relations in politics, and communication with the civil society. Thus, political communication and the creative use of the media remain the essential component of any individual involved in politics or even of a political group. In this study, political communication in North Macedonia is presented in the context of political efforts into the integration process in European Union (EU), by observing all the stages within the process so far. From the content and the issues addressed, it is clear that policymakers face the challenges of communication (as is the case in many countries aspiring the European integration). In this paper, the premises of genuinely political communication strategy are analyzed separately, assessing them in the context of the political communication theory. It will be shown that successful communication is an important tool for convincing citizens that EU provides a better quality of life and work.
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Hadzimustafa, Shenaj, and Hyrije Abazi-Alili. "The Monetary policy in the Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Albania during 2020." Notitia 7, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32676/n.7.1.9.
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Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic crisis is considered as one of the worst global recessions in history, caused by non-economic factors such as the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic crisis has increased the financial stability and vulnerability across different markets and sectors. These changes required the central banks, governments, and other authorities to take a variety of policy assistance steps to help limit immediate financial stability threats. The goal of this study is to examine how the monetary policies of the Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Albania, as one of the two key macroeconomic policies, have reacted in response to COVID 19 for the year 2020. This study looks at how the central banks of both countries have altered conventional and unconventional monetary policy tools to combat the pandemic. The analysis is based on the data published by the monetary officials in both countries. The results show that interbank interest rates in the Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Albania were reduced from 2.00% to 1.50% and from 1.00% to 0.50%, respectively, while overnight loan interest rates were reduced from 2.50% to 2.00% and from 1.90% to 0.90%, respectively. An overview of the unconventional measures is also presented.
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Gjuzelov, Borjan, and Milka Ivanovska Hadjievska. "Institutional and symbolic aspects of illiberal politics: the case of North Macedonia (2006–2017)." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 20, no. 1 (October 23, 2019): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2019.1672941.
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Dimova, Bela. "Archaeology in Macedonia and Thrace: Iron Age to Hellenistic, 2014–2019." Archaeological Reports 65 (November 2019): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608419000073.
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This paper reviews archaeological publications and fieldwork related to Macedonia and Thrace of the past five years, covering the Early Iron Age to the Hellenistic period, with reference also to sites and projects in Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Turkey. Published syntheses reveal the priorities that have driven archaeological research to date (for example funerary monuments, ties to historical figures and narratives, pottery) and a need for more studies on other aspects of social history and archaeology, such as subsistence, crafts and households. Fieldwork at settlements has continued over the years, but few are being dug and published to current standards. A discussion is growing about the role and use of the countryside, and field surveys and excavations are providing new data on this. Fortified rural sites in Greece and Bulgaria may indicate that similar social processes were afoot, but full publication and the retrieval of relevant comparative data, especially faunal and botanical, are essential for a better understanding of potential differences.
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Simonovski, Aleksandar. "DVA VAŽNA IZVORA O PROUČAVANjU ŽIVOTA I DELA MILIVOJA TRBIĆA (1913–1947)." Leskovački zbornik LXII (2022): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lz-lxii.199s.
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History as an occurrence in the past can be researched if we have the appropriate historical sources available.Archives facilitate the work of historians by organizing and processing archival material. The historical research, almost without exception, begins with consulting and studying archival materials.In the State Archives of the Republic of North Macedonia in Skopje, there are two files relating to Milivoj Trbich, a member of the Ravna Gora Movement.The first file is the Trbich’s dossier, which was compiled by the State Security Service of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. The dossier was a result of the successfully completed operation of the Administration of State Security to find and arrest Trbich on January 16, 1947. The dossier consists of 56 documents, 11 photographs and two materials with propaganda content of the Ravna Gora Movement in Macedonia. Most of the documents were prepared by the Administration of State Security of the People’s Republic of Macedonia.The second file is the dossier that was created as a result of the conducted court trial against Trbich and against five other persons from June 11 to June 13, 1947. The court trial was held in the District Court in Skopje. This dossier contains 119 documents. The majority of the documents have a judicial content.The two dossiers represent two important sources for the study of the life and work of Trbich.
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Izeti, Muhammed. "Social legal position of waqf in the area of the Republic of North Macedonia." Univerzitetska misao - casopis za nauku, kulturu i umjetnost, Novi Pazar, no. 19 (2020): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/univmis2019137i.
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Waqf is an Islamic institution that has its foundations in Islamic legal sources: the Qur'an and the Sunnah. The norms on which waqf rests are established through the process of creation and interpretation of Islamic law by relevant Muslim jurists who set the waqf standards. Waqf played an invaluable role in the development of Muslim society and economy in the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia. In many historical periods, when different state systems in this region were in crisis, the Waqfis took the initiative and supplemented the weaknesses and weakness of the state. This was evident in the fields of religion, education, culture, health, social, economic affairs, etc. It is well known that, under repressive measures in past sociopolitical systems, the Waqf property was confiscated, nationalized and destroyed in various ways. During the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Kingdom of the SKS, the Yugoslav Kingdom and the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, over 95% of vacant property was confiscated, nationalized and destroyed in various ways. Throughout history, the waqf has been in the service of Muslims, always maintaining their basic charity and human purpose, their return, on the one hand, will strengthen the context of the rule of law, while on the other, it will promote the positive development of the religious educational and cultural processes of the Islamic community, and will at the service of the population and society. The maximum commitment of the Islamsle community administration in the context of reclaiming waqf property is a good example of both legal and social commitment to alleviate the injustice done to this institution in the previous system.
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Onufrienko, Maksim Olegovich. "St. George Church in Mlado Nagoričane: the artistic context of the frescoes." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 31, no. 1 (2022): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2022.110.
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The frescoes of the St. George Church in Mlado Nagoričino (North Macedonia) have repeatedly attracted the scholars’ attention, but so far the circle of monuments close to these paintings has not been accurately identified. The article deals with attribution a number of preserved images to certain workshops whose works are known from other ensembles. There are three different styles in the painting, which can be attributed to three different painters (or a group of painters). Apparently, the same artists who painted the church of the Slimnitsa monastery worked in the naos. This conclusion is consistent with the observation of Macedonian researchers. The other two styles apparently belong to Greek painters who can be associated with the artist Michael of Linotopi. He worked in the first third of the 17th century and painted many churches in the Balkans. One of the closest analogs of the St. George Church painting in Mlado Nagoričino are the frescoes of the Dormition Church in Zervat (Albania) and the katholikon of the Makryaleksi monastery (Greece), where Michael worked. Both the similarity of the handwriting of the inscriptions and the proximity of the physiognomic features of the some saints’ faces pointed that way. However, the style of these frescoes does not exactly match the painting of St. George’s Church. Since the analogs given in the article are rather approximate, the frescoes of the St. George church in Mlado Nagoričino cannot be attributed to the activities of the Michael’s workshop with certainty. However, it can be argued that the painting in Mlado Nagoričino was done by painters who were part of the entourage of this artist.
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Risteski, Toni. "The laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia in female children in the Republic of North Macedonia." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 149, no. 5-6 (2021): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh201121027r.
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Introduction/Objective. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children is a minimally invasive method, and with its safety, feasibility, and excellent cosmesis is an acceptable alternative to open repair. Methods. This is a prospective clinical study, with national data of 49 female children aged 1?14 years, treated via laparoscopic approach. Operative time, time to verticalization (normal position in bed, standing/ walking), hospital stay, nausea, pain, and cosmetic effects (size and visibility of the mark) were elaborated. Results. The results revealed that five (10.2%) children had a family history of inguinal hernia. A total of 29 (59.2%) children had hernia located on the right side, 19 (38.8%) on the left side, and one (2%) on both sides. The average diameter of the inguinal opening was 3 ? 2.17 cm. Sixteen children (32.7%) had hidden hernia. The average operation time of the unilateral intervention was 29.5 ? 6.8 minutes, and for bilateral hernias it was 43.6 ? 7.2 minutes. The average length of hospitalization was 14.1 ? 3.1 hours, and the time needed for a full return to a normal position in bed was 2.6 ? 0.6 hours. The average length of the scar in both the right and the left groin region was 2.2 ? 0.4 mm. A total of 46 (93.9%) parents/guardians were satisfied by the esthetic result, while three (6.1%) had no particular opinion regarding this question. Conclusion. The introduction of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of inguinal hernia is a promising method, which plays an important role as an alternative surgical technique because of the minimal invasiveness of the technique and improved recovery of the children.
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Gojšina, Vukašin Zoran. "New Serbian records of the slug Tandonia kusceri (H. Wagner, 1931) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Milacidae) suggest its continuous dispersal to the north." Folia Malacologica 29, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/folmal.029.027.
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Tandonia kusceri (H. Wagner) is a terrestrial slug native to the Balkan Peninsula (S. Serbia, N. Macedonia, Bulgaria and Dobrudja region of Romania) and the European part of Turkey. In Serbia, it was known mostly from the southern regions. The northernmost locality (Palić settlement, near Subotica) reported here suggests that the slug’s distribution is nearly continuous from its native range until Slovakia. The new record was first recognised from the pictures posted on a Facebook group for insect identification in 2021. The identification was subsequently confirmed by anatomical examination. This further emphasises the importance of social media in monitoring the spread of invasive invertebrates.
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Dacev, Nikola. "Concept of Force Majeure in Commercial Contracts and its Interpretation during Pandemic in North Macedonia." Bratislava Law Review 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2022.6.2.304.
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A pandemic, defined as an epidemic spread over larger regions, is of course not unknown in the world. There are several pandemics in history that have left a great impact on humanity. However, so far there has not been a pandemic of such proportions and consequences as the Covid-19 pandemic.. It literally paralysed life and led to unprecedented health, economic and political consequences on a global scale. As has been the case in every area, Covid-19 has also had a serious impact on legal systems. Many countries were not ready with appropriate legislation to deal with the pandemic in terms of implementing appropriate measures to help their citizens. Because of that, a large number of trade agreements were not realised or their realisation was made difficult. What was a serious problem in trade agreements that could not be realised and what is the subject of primary analysis in this paper is the concept of force majeure (vis major), its regulation and the question of whether the pandemic can be considered as a force majeure event. Uncertainty in the interpretation of outdated provisions or lack of appropriate provisions regulating force majeure in pandemic conditions has led to many citizens not being able to exercise their rights derived from contracts and thereby creating dysfunctionality in legal systems. In this paper, it is essential to review the force majeure clause, its concept, development and representation in different legal systems, by making a brief comparison between French law and English law and determining key regulations on an international level. At the same time, the main focus of research will be on the regulations in North Macedonia and the manner of regulating this concept of force majeure. It is also equally important to find the answer to the question of the role of legal systems, whether law as such will continue to exist in the same form and with the same content or whether we already are in the phase of creating the so-called pandemic law, i.e., whether the pandemic initiates a rearrangement of the concept of force majeure in trade agreements in North Macedonia, as well as everywhere in the world.
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Račius, Egdūnas. "Orthodox Churches and the ‘Othering’ of Islam and Muslims in Today’s Balkans." Journal of Muslims in Europe 9, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10012.
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Abstract The article focuses on the relation between the socio-legal status of national Orthodox Churches and their role in the legal, institutional and social ‘othering’ of Islam and ethnic groups of Muslims in three Balkans countries, namely, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Serbia. The research reveals that the state-pursued construction of national identity and politics of belonging are expressly permeated by ethno-confessional nationalism, which is at the core of the deep-running tensions between the dominant ethnic group and the marginalized Muslims. There is an alliance between the political and the Church elites to keep ethnic groups of Muslim background either altogether outside the ‘national Us’ or at least at its outer margins.
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Maatsch, Aleksandra, and Anna Kurpiel. "Between collective and particularistic interests. Ratification of the Prespa Agreement by national parliaments in Greece and North Macedonia." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 21, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2021.1877911.
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Rizankoska, Josipa, and Jasmina Trajkoska. "A Social Movement in First Person Singular: The Colours of the “Colourful Revolution” in North Macedonia." Southeastern Europe 43, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763332-04301001.
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The true identity of the Colourful Revolution in North Macedonia was subject to contrasting public discourses. The authors provide a combined descriptive and micro-level empirical analysis, based on an original dataset, to prove that the Colourful Revolution complies with the essential elements of a social movement. They elaborate the main features of its collective identity by focusing on the perceptions of its participants (567 protesters were surveyed). A firm campaign for resignation of the executive government and for free judicial processes of the criminal charges for high-level political figures was detected. The Colourful Revolution’s repertoire contained calls for freedom, justice and solidarity, and the movement demonstrated strong unity beyond its internal social, ethnic and party diversity. The Colourful Revolution’s successful horizontal organization relied mostly on the internet, but the opposition political parties also played an important role in the processes of mobilization and endurance through time.
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Hoffmann, N., K. Reicherter, T. Fernández-Steeger, and C. Grützner. "Evolution of ancient Lake Ohrid: a tectonic perspective." Biogeosciences 7, no. 10 (October 29, 2010): 3377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3377-2010.
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Abstract. Lake Ohrid Basin is a graben structure situated in the Dinarides at the border of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and Albania. It hosts one of the oldest lakes in Europe and is characterized by a basin and range-like geological setting together with the halfgraben basins of Korca, Erseka and Debar. The basin is surrounded by Paleozoic metamorphics in the northeast and north and Mesozoic ultramafic, carbonatic and magmatic rocks in the east, northwest, west and south. Paleocene to Pliocene units are present in the southwest. With the basin development, Neogene sediments from Pliocene to recent deposited in the lows. There are three major deformation phases: (A) NW–SE shortening from Late Cretaceous to Miocene; (B) uplift and diminishing compression during Messinian – Pliocene; (C) vertical uplift and (N)E–(S)W extension from Pliocene to recent led to the basin formation. Neotectonic activity of the study area concentrates on N–S trending normal faults that bound the Ohrid Basin eastwards and westwards. Seismic activity with moderate to strong events is documented during the last 2000 yrs; the seismic hazard level is among the highest in Albania and Macedonia. Activity of the youngest faults is evidenced by earthquake data and field observations. Morphotectonic features like fault scarps, a stepped series of active normal faults, deformed paleosols, a wind gap and fault-related hydrothermal activity are preserved around Lake Ohrid and allow delineating the tectonic history. It is shown that the Lake Ohrid Basin can be characterized as a seismogenic landscape. This paper presents a tectonic history of the Lake Ohrid Basin and describes tectonic features that are preserved in the recent landscape. The analysis of morphotectonic features is used to derive the deformation history. The stratigraphy of the area is summarized and concentrates on the main units.
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Draško, Gazela Pudar, Irena Fiket, and Jelena Vasiljević. "Big dreams and small steps: comparative perspectives on the social movement struggle for democracy in Serbia and North Macedonia." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 20, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2019.1654317.
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Craig, Elizabeth. "The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and Internalization: Lessons from the Western Balkans." Review of Central and East European Law 46, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-bja10042.
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Abstract The precise form of internalization of the provisions of the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in domestic law is crucial in ensuring its long-term effectiveness. Experiences in the Western Balkans raise important questions about the role of minority (or community) rights legislation in deeply divided societies. This article uses the case-studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and the Republic of North Macedonia to highlight key themes and limitations that have emerged. Comparative analysis reveals a surprising divergence of approaches to internalization in the region. The article further demonstrates that the ‘nation-cum-state paradigm’ remains prevalent, despite the premise of universality. It argues that such legislation can play an important symbolic and practical role, but that legal internalization needs to be seen as an ongoing process. It concludes that attention needs to be given to ensuring the continued particularization and adaptation of such legislation in light of both the limitations and changing circumstances, providing a key lesson also for other divided societies.
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Houliston, Linda, Stanislav Ivanov, and Craig Webster. "Nationalism in Official Tourism Websites of Balkan Countries." Tourism 69, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37741/t.69.1.7.
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This paper investigates the official tourism websites for the Balkan countries of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Turkey to learn about its depiction of the nation for an international tourism market. The research combines Pauwels’ (2012) multimodal discourse analysis method designed for cultural websites with Smith’s (1998) six main institutional dimensions to seek out potential nationalistic patterns involving the state, territory, language, religion, history, and rites and ceremonies. The findings mostly involve verbal and visual signifiers that have a historical context to them such as antiquity, communism, Yugoslavia, religion, irredentism, the Ottoman Empire, and national identity. The findings illustrate that official websites, while being sensitive not to alienate international tourists, portray a sense of nationalism but do so in a different way, based upon the historical experiences and unique features of each country surveyed.
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Darbyshire, Gareth, Stephen Mitchell, and Levent Vardar. "The Galatian settlement in Asia Minor." Anatolian Studies 50 (December 2000): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643015.
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Until very recently almost everything of substance that was known about the Galatians was derived from historical, more specifically Greek and Roman, sources. Modern perceptions of the Galatians have accordingly not only been one-sided, but have also depended on outsiders' views and representations of a complex culture. A stereotypical picture established itself in the modern literature, which itself was moulded by the preconceptions of ancient Greek observers. This view, which will also provide a chronological framework for an examination of Galatian culture, may be summarised broadly as follows: the Galatians were groups of Celticspeaking peoples who arrived on the borders of the Classical world, Macedonia, Greece and Asia Minor, around 281 BC (see fig 1). Warlike, barbarous and set upon raiding and plunder, they attacked cities and sanctuaries in Greece, before crossing to Asia Minor where they conducted themselves in similar fashion until the various efforts of Hellenistic rulers forced them to settle in north central Anatolia, the region around Ankara (see fig 2).
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Wallace, Jennifer. "A (Hi)story of Illyria." Greece and Rome 45, no. 2 (October 1998): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500033714.
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Throughout history, little has been known about the land of Illyria. ‘As ”savages” or “barbarians” on the northern periphery of the classical world’, the historian John Wilkes writes, ‘even today the Illyrians barely make footnotes in most versions of ancient history, and more often than not they are simply ignored.’ Shut in by mountains, north of the betterknown Greece and covering roughly the area of modern-day Albania, Macedonia, and Bosnia, Illyria has remained a closed world to outsiders, dismissed as barbarian in ancient times and remembered in more recent centuries only as an unexplored outpost of the Ottoman or Hapsburg Empires. As a result, Illyria has become a place of mystery, the site of myth and legend as much as of historical civilization-building or battles, a by-word for the realm of the imagination. Oscar Wilde summed up the popular association of Illyria with fiction when, in a review of an amateur production of Twelfth Night, he wrote with characteristic succinctness: ‘Where there is no illusion there is no Illyria.’
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Dyatlova, Elena S. "Monumental Painting of Prilep (North Macedonia): A View on Provincial Byzantine Art of the Second Half of the 13th Century." Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 11 (2021): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa2111-04-35.
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Трейстер, М. Ю. "A MACEDONIAN (THRACIAN?) BRONZE PATERA FROM THE BURIAL-MOUND." Proceedings in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region, no. 13 (February 15, 2022): 380–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.53737/2713-2021.2021.68.83.009.
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Публикация посвящена бронзовому сосуду, найденному в датирующемся второй половиной IV в. до н.э. ограбленном погребении в кургане № 1 группы «Частые курганы» на окраине Воронежа, раскопанном Воронежской ученой архивной комиссией в 1910 г. Сосуд с маской-атташем под краем на внешней стороне и медальоном-горгонейоном — на дне, является патерой с утраченной ручкой. Такие патеры с аналогично оформленными краями вместилища и ручками, завершающимися головкой барана, известны по очень небольшому количеству находок второй половины IV в. до н.э., практически все из которых происходят из Македонии и Фракии. Исходя из того, что по сторонам шеи персонажа маски изображены львиные лапы, есть все основания для ее атрибуции как головы Геракла. Подобная иконография характерная для атташей сосудов из Северной Греции. Трактовка прядей прически, в частности симметричных локонов надо лбом (анастолэ / ἀναστολή), напоминает оформление прически на портретах Александра Македонского и подражаниях им. С учетом этого наблюдения вряд ли можно датировать патеру из Частых курганов ранее последней четверти IV в. до н.э. В Северном Причерноморье бронзовые сосуды такой формы до сих пор были не известны, при том, что находки бронзовых сосудов македонско-фракийского круга IV в. до н.э. представлены и в Скифии, и на Боспоре. Учитывая известные находки бронзовых сосудов македонских типов на Елизаветинском городище и в его некрополе в устье Дона, можно предполагать, что на Средний Дон такие сосуды могли поступать таким путем. Вместе с тем, учитывая относительную редкость бронзовых (серебряных) патер в Македонии и Фракии во второй половине IV — начале III в. до н.э. и их находки в очень богатых комплексах, в том числе в царских погребениях в Вергине и Голямата Косматка, нельзя исключить возможность иного пути для патеры из Частых курганов. В Македонии и Фракии такие патеры, вместе с ойнохоями, были частью сервизов для банкетов, поэтому и в данном случае, патера, у которой, возможно, изначала была пара (ойнохоя) мог быть и дипломатическим подарком. В любом случае патера из Частых курганов вписывается в круг находок предметов фракийской узды и изделий фракийской и македонской торевтики, найденных в погребениях скифской знати на Среднем Дону. The publication is dedicated to a bronze vessel found in a robbed burial of the second half of the 4th century BCE in the Burial-mound no. 1 of the Chastye Kurgany group on the outskirts of Voronezh, excavated by the Voronezh Scientific Archive Commission in 1910. A vessel with a handle attachment in form of a mask under the edge on the outside and a gorgoneion-medallion at the bottom inside is a patera with a handle lost in antiquity. Such pateras with similarly shaped edges of the bowl and handles ending in a ram's head are known after a very small number of finds of the second half of the 4th century BCE almost all of which come from Macedonia and Thrace. Given the fact that lion's paws are depicted on the sides of the neck of the person shown on the mask, there is every reason for its attribution as the head of Herakles. A similar iconography is typical for vessel attachments from Northern Greece. The treatment of hair strands, in particular symmetrical curls over the forehead (anastole / ἀναστολή), resembles the hairstyle in the portraits of Alexander the Great and imitations of them. Taking into account this observation, it is hardly possible to date the patera from Chastye kurgans earlier than the last quarter of the 4th century BCE. In the North Pontic region, bronze vessels of this shape have not yet been known, despite the fact that the finds of bronze vessels of the Macedonian-Thracian circle of the 4th century BCE are represented both in Scythia and in the Bosporus. Taking into account the known finds of bronze vessels of the Macedonian types at the Elizavetinskoe fortified settlement and in its necropolis at the mouth of the Don, it can be assumed that such vessels could have reached the Middle Don in this way. At the same time, given the relative rarity of bronze (silver) pateras in Macedonia and Thrace in the second half of the 4th — early 3rd century BCE and their finds in very rich complexes, including in the royal burials in Vergina and Golyamata Kosmatka, one cannot exclude the possibility of a different way for the patera from Chastye Barrows. In Macedonia and Thrace, such pateras, together with the oinochoai, were part of the banquet sets, therefore, in this case, the patera, which, perhaps, originally had a pair (oinochoe) could also be a diplomatic gift. In any case, the patera from Chastye Burial-mounds fits into the circle of finds of Thracian horse-bridle pieces and Thracian and Macedonian toreutics found in the burials of the Scythian nobility in the Middle Don region.
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Pereska, Zanina, Natasha Simonovska, Aleksandra Babulovska, Afrodita Berat-Huseini, Kiril Naumoski, and Kristin Kostadinoski. "Acute severe poisoning with disinfectant in senior aged patient-case report and overview of literature considering age influence on treatment decision in alcohol-based intoxications." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 2050313X2110477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x211047717.
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We present our experiences in the first case of severe suicidal poisoning with 70% ethanol-disinfectant in North Macedonia, in an elderly patient with immunocompromising comorbidities. A 66-year-old unconscious woman was admitted at our clinic, with a history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. She was in a coma, without signs of serotonin syndrome, recurrent episodes of cardio-respiratory insufficiency under supportive treatment without invasive ventilation, metabolic acidosis, increased D-dimer 3254 ng/mL. The toxicology screening confirmed low benzodiazepines levels and alcoholaemia of 526 mg/dL (5.26 g/L), due to ingestion of 70% ethanol. Considering the decreased biotransformation in the elderly, immunocompromising comorbidities, reports of fatal outcome in poisoned elderly patients with disinfectants under standard fluids supportive protocol, haemodialysis was initiated, with registered associated hypercoagulability which resulted in complete stabilization after 48 h of admission. Treatment protocols of poisoning with ethanol-based disinfectant in the elderly should consider timely performing haemodialysis at lower alcoholaemia levels than recommended.