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Journal articles on the topic 'North Australian Craton'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Liu, Qian, Guochun Zhao, Jianhua Li, Jinlong Yao, Yigui Han, Peng Wang, and Toshiaki Tsunogae. "Detrital Zircon U-Pb-Hf Isotopes of Middle Neoproterozoic Sedimentary Rocks in the Altyn Tagh Orogen, Southeastern Tarim: Insights for a Tarim-South China-North India Connection in the Periphery of Rodinia." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/8895888.

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Abstract The location of the Tarim craton during the assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent remains enigmatic, with some models advocating a Tarim-Australia connection and others a location at the heart of the unified Rodinia supercontinent between Australia and Laurentia. In this study, our new zircon U-Pb dating results suggest that middle Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in the Altyn Tagh orogen of the southeastern Tarim craton were deposited between ca. 880 and 760 Ma in a rifting-related setting slightly prior to the breakup of Rodinia at ca. 750 Ma. A compilation of existing Neoproterozoic geological records also indicates that the Altyn Tagh orogen of the southeastern Tarim craton underwent collision at ca. 1.0-0.9 Ga and rifting at ca. 850-600 Ma related to the assembly and breakup of Rodinia. Furthermore, in order to establish the paleoposition of the Tarim craton with respect to Rodinia, available detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes from Meso- to Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks were compiled. Comparable detrital zircon ages (at ca. 0.9, 1.3-1.1, and 1.7 Ga) and Hf isotopes indicate a close linkage among rocks of the southeastern Tarim craton, Cathaysia, and North India but exclude a northern or western Australian affinity. In addition, detrital zircons from the northern Tarim craton exhibit a prominent age peak at ca. 830 Ma with minor spectra at ca. 1.9 and 2.5 Ga but lack Mesoproterozoic ages, comparable to the northern and western Yangtze block. Together with comparable geological responses to the assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent, we offer a new perspective of the location of the Tarim craton between South China and North India in the periphery of Rodinia.

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2

Sarmili, Lili. "OPENING STRUCTURE OF THE BONE BASIN ON SOUTH SULAWESI IN RELATION TO PROCESS OF SEDIMENTATION." BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 30, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.30.2.2015.79.

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Sulawesi Island is situated on the three major plates, namely the Indo-Australian plate together with Continent Australia (Australian Craton) plate moves towards the North - Northeast and crust Pacific - Philippines moves towards the West - Northwest, causing the collision with the Eurasian plate (Sunda Land) which more passive or stable. The Bone basin is located between South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi arms. This basin is formed by several fault system, such as, Walanae, Palukoro, West and East Bone faults and others. Several active faults are likely to be extended each other into the openings structure and characterized by the accumulation of young sediment in the Bone basin. Keywords: Sulawesi, collision Bone basin, faults, sedimentation Pulau Sulawesi merupakan tempat pertemuan antara tiga lempeng besar, yaitu lempeng Indo-Australia bersama-sama dengan lempeng Benua Australia (Australian Craton) bergerak ke arah Utara - Timurlaut dan Kerak Pasifik - Filipina bergerak ke arah Barat - Baratlaut sehingga terjadi tumbukan dengan lempeng Eurasia (Daratan Sunda) lebih bersifat pasif atau diam. Secara geologi Cekungan Bone terletak diantara Lengan Sulawesi Selatan dan Lengan Sulawesi Tenggara. Cekungan ini terbentuk oleh beberapa sistem sesar yaitu sesar Walanae, Palukoro, Timur dan Barat Bone dan lainnya. Beberapa sesar aktif tersebut kemungkinannya saling tarik menarik menjadi struktur bukaan dan ditandai dengan adanya akumulasi sedimentasi muda di cekungan Bone. Kata kunci: Sulawesi, tumbukan, Cekungan Bone, Sesar, Sedimentasi

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3

Allen, Trevor I. "A Far-Field Ground-Motion Model for the North Australian Craton from Plate-Margin Earthquakes." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 1041–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210191.

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ABSTRACT The Australian territory is just over 400 km from an active convergent plate margin with the collision of the Sunda–Banda Arc with the Precambrian and Palaeozoic Australian continental crust. Seismic energy from earthquakes in the northern Australian plate-margin region are channeled efficiently through the low-attenuation North Australian craton (NAC), with moderate-sized (Mw≥5.0) earthquakes in the Banda Sea commonly felt in northern Australia. A far-field ground-motion model (GMM) has been developed for use in seismic hazard studies for sites located within the NAC. The model is applicable for hypocentral distances of approximately 500–1500 km and magnitudes up to Mw 8.0. The GMM provides coefficients for peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5%-damped pseudospectral acceleration at 20 oscillator periods from 0.1 to 10 s. A strong hypocentral depth dependence is observed in empirical data, with earthquakes occurring at depths of 100–200 km demonstrating larger amplitudes for short-period ground motions than events with shallower hypocenters. The depth dependence of ground motion diminishes with longer spectral periods, suggesting that the relatively larger ground motions for deeper earthquake hypocenters may be due to more compact ruptures producing higher stress drops at depth. Compared with the mean Next Generation Attenuation-East GMM developed for the central and eastern United States (which is applicable for a similar distance range), the NAC GMM demonstrates significantly higher short-period ground motion for Banda Sea events, transitioning to lower relative accelerations for longer period ground motions.

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4

Bagas, L., R. Boucher, B. Li, J. Miller, P. Hill, G. Depauw, J. Pascoe, and B. Eggers. "Paleoproterozoic stratigraphy and gold mineralisation in the Granites-Tanami Orogen, North Australian Craton." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 61, no. 1 (May 2, 2013): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2013.784220.

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5

Morrissey, Laura, Justin L. Payne, David E. Kelsey, and Martin Hand. "Grenvillian-aged reworking in the North Australian Craton, central Australia: Constraints from geochronology and modelled phase equilibria." Precambrian Research 191, no. 3-4 (December 2011): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.09.010.

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6

Fainstein, Roberto, Juvêncio De Deus Correia do Rosário, Helio Casimiro Guterres, Rui Pena dos Reis, and Luis Teófilo da Costa. "Coastal and offshore provinces of Timor-Leste — Geophysics exploration and drilling." Leading Edge 39, no. 8 (August 2020): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39080543.1.

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Regional geophysics research provides for prospect assessment of Timor-Leste, part of the Southeast Asia Archipelago in a region embracing the Banda Arc, Timor Island, and the northwest Australia Gondwana continental margin edge. Timor Island is a microcontinent with several distinct tectonic provinces that developed initially by rifting and drifting away from the Australian Plate. A compressive convergence began in the Miocene whereby the continental edge of the large craton collided with the microcontinent, forming a subduction zone under the island. The bulk of Timor Island consists of a complex mélange of Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Permian, and volcanic features over a basal Gondwana craton. Toward the north, the offshore consists of a Tertiary minibasin facing the Banda Arc Archipelago, with volcanics interspersed onshore with the basal Gondwana pre-Permian. A prominent central overthrust nappe of Jurassic and younger layers makes up the mountains of Timor-Leste, terminating south against an accretionary wedge formed by this ongoing collision of Timor and Australia. The northern coast of the island is part of the Indonesian back arc, whereas the southern littoral onshore plus shallow waters are part of the accretionary prism. Deepwater provinces embrace the Timor Trough and the slope of the Australian continental margin being the most prospective region of Timor-Leste. Overall crust and mantle tectonic structuring of Timor-Leste is interpreted from seismic and potential field data, focusing mostly on its southern offshore geology where hydrocarbon prospectivity has been established with interpretation of regional seismic data and analyses of gravity, magnetic, and earthquake data. Well data tied to seismic provides focal points for stratigraphic correlation. Although all the known producing hydrocarbon reservoirs of the offshore are Jurassic sands, interpretation of Permian and Triassic stratigraphy provides knowledge for future prospect drilling risk assessment, both onshore and offshore.

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7

YOUNG, GAVIN C. "An articulated phyllolepid fish (Placodermi) from the Devonian of central Australia: implications for non-marine connections with the Old Red Sandstone continent." Geological Magazine 142, no. 2 (March 2005): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805000464.

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A second species of the placoderm genus Placolepis (Pl. harajica sp. nov.), based on a single articulated specimen from Givetian–Frasnian strata in the MacDonnell Ranges, demonstrates the occurrence of this taxon across the Australian craton. Placolepis (order Phyllolepida) is endemic to east Gondwana, and other phyllolepids are widespread in the Givetian and younger of Gondwana (Australia, Antarctica, Turkey, Venezuela), but do not occur until Late Devonian (Famennian) time in the Northern Hemisphere (Europe, Russia, Greenland, North America). The disjunct space–time distribution of the Phyllolepida is inconsistent with palaeomagnetic evidence indicating a wide equatorial ocean between Gondwana and Laurussia in Late Devonian time. This new species provides additional evidence supporting a Gondwana origin for the group, and later access to northern landmasses resulting from closure of the ocean between Gondwana and Laurussia and continental connection at or near the Frasnian–Famennian boundary.

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8

Wong, Belinda L., Laura J. Morrissey, Martin Hand, Courtney E. Fields, and David E. Kelsey. "Grenvillian-aged reworking of late Paleoproterozoic crust of the southern North Australian Craton, central Australia: Implications for the assembly of Mesoproterozoic Australia." Precambrian Research 270 (November 2015): 100–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2015.09.001.

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9

Zhang, Shuan-Hong, Yue Zhao, Xian-Hua Li, Richard E. Ernst, and Zhen-Yu Yang. "The 1.33–1.30 Ga Yanliao large igneous province in the North China Craton: Implications for reconstruction of the Nuna (Columbia) supercontinent, and specifically with the North Australian Craton." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 465 (May 2017): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.034.

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10

Mercadier, Julien, Roger G. Skirrow, and Andrew J. Cross. "Uranium and gold deposits in the Pine Creek Orogen (North Australian Craton): A link at 1.8Ga?" Precambrian Research 238 (November 2013): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.10.001.

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11

Drüppel, K., A. J. McCready, and E. F. Stumpfl. "High-K granites of the Rum Jungle Complex, N-Australia: Insights into the Late Archean crustal evolution of the North Australian Craton." Lithos 111, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.007.

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12

Nott, Jonathan. "The Antiquity of Landscapes on the North Australian Craton and the Implications for Theories of Long-Term Landscape Evolution." Journal of Geology 103, no. 1 (January 1995): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629719.

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13

Goleby, Bruce R., David L. Huston, Patrick Lyons, Leon Vandenberg, Leon Bagas, Brett M. Davies, Leonie E. A. Jones, et al. "The Tanami deep seismic reflection experiment: An insight into gold mineralization and Paleoproterozoic collision in the North Australian Craton." Tectonophysics 472, no. 1-4 (July 2009): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.05.031.

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14

González Álvarez, Itahisa N., Sebastian Rost, Andy Nowacki, and Neil D. Selby. "Small-scale lithospheric heterogeneity characterization using Bayesian inference and energy flux models." Geophysical Journal International 227, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 1682–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab291.

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SUMMARY Observations from different disciplines have shown that our planet is highly heterogeneous at multiple scale lengths. Still, many seismological Earth models tend not to include any small-scale heterogeneity or lateral velocity variations, which can affect measurements and predictions based on these homogeneous models. In this study, we describe the lithospheric small-scale isotropic heterogeneity structure in terms of the intrinsic, diffusion and scattering quality factors, as well as an autocorrelation function, associated with a characteristic scale length (a) and RMS fractional velocity fluctuations (ε). To obtain this characterization, we combined a single-layer and a multilayer energy flux models with a new Bayesian inference algorithm. Our synthetic tests show that this technique can successfully retrieve the input parameter values for 1- or 2-layer models and that our Bayesian algorithm can resolve whether the data can be fitted by a single set of parameters or a range of models is required instead, even for very complex posterior probability distributions. We applied this technique to three seismic arrays in Australia: Alice Springs array (ASAR), Warramunga Array (WRA) and Pilbara Seismic Array (PSAR). Our single-layer model results suggest intrinsic and diffusion attenuation are strongest for ASAR, while scattering and total attenuation are similarly strong for ASAR and WRA. All quality factors take higher values for PSAR than for the other two arrays, implying that the structure beneath this array is less attenuating and heterogeneous than for ASAR or WRA. The multilayer model results show the crust is more heterogeneous than the lithospheric mantle for all arrays. Crustal correlation lengths and RMS velocity fluctuations for these arrays range from ∼0.2 to 1.5 km and ∼2.3 to 3.9 per cent, respectively. Parameter values for the upper mantle are not unique, with combinations of low values of the parameters (a < 2 km and ε < ∼2.5 per cent) being as likely as those with high correlation length and velocity variations (a > 5 km and ε > ∼2.5 per cent, respectively). We attribute the similarities in the attenuation and heterogeneity structure beneath ASAR and WRA to their location on the proterozoic North Australian Craton, as opposed to PSAR, which lies on the archaean West Australian Craton. Differences in the small-scale structure beneath ASAR and WRA can be ascribed to the different tectonic histories of these two regions of the same craton. Overall, our results highlight the suitability of the combination of an energy flux model and a Bayesian inference algorithm for future scattering and small-scale heterogeneity studies, since our approach allows us to obtain and compare the different quality factors, while also giving us detailed information about the trade-offs and uncertainties in the determination of the scattering parameters.

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15

Li, Ben, Leon Bagas, and Fred Jourdan. "Tectono-thermal evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic Granites–Tanami Orogen, North Australian Craton: Implications from hornblende and biotite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology." Lithos 206-207 (October 2014): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.08.001.

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16

Blaikie, T. N., P. G. Betts, R. J. Armit, and L. Ailleres. "The ca. 1740–1710 Ma Leichhardt Event: Inversion of a continental rift and revision of the tectonic evolution of the North Australian Craton." Precambrian Research 292 (May 2017): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.02.003.

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17

Amiribesheli, Said, and Andrew Weller. "The prospectivity of the Cape Vogel Basin, Papua New Guinea." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18094.

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The frontier and underexplored Cape Vogel Basin (CVB), north of the Papuan Peninsula, is thought to be underlain by Late Palaeocene–Eocene oceanic crust and overlain by Cenozoic sediments. Several impartial data provide evidence of working petroleum system(s) including a flow of oil from a 1920s well, and two 1970s wells that encountered minor hydrocarbon traces and good source material. The 1970s wells chased Miocene reef plays (like the discoveries in the Gulf of Papua). No Miocene reefs were encountered, with both wells terminating in volcanics. Integration of open-file 2D seismic, modern 2D PSDM seismic and shipborne gravity and magnetic data improves the subsurface imaging and thus understanding of prospectivity. The data reveal a significant sedimentary section (including Mesozoic sediments) and that the volcanics are not laterally continuous (i.e. products of short periods of volcanism). The data also suggests several Mesozoic–Cenozoic plays (e.g. carbonate reefs, incised canyons). Repeatable sea surface slicks, and observable bottom-simulating reflectors and direct hydrocarbon indicators, also provide evidence of working petroleum system(s). It is hypothesised that the CVB has affinities with the Gulf of Papua with the extension of the Australian craton north of the Papuan Peninsula, with widespread deposition in the Mesozoic–Cenozoic, and with source rocks estimated to be within the hydrocarbon generative window. With incorporation of onshore data and presence of significant gravity low, it is postulated that the central and north-west were less susceptible to Late Cretaceous and Palaeocene differential uplift and erosion (related to Coral Sea breakup and extension), and thus have a higher chance of Late Mesozoic preservation.

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18

Spence, Joshua S., Ioan V. Sanislav, and Paul H. G. M. Dirks. "Evidence for a 1750–1710 Ma orogenic event, the Wonga Orogeny, in the Mount Isa Inlier, Australia: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the North Australian Craton and Nuna Supercontinent." Precambrian Research 369 (February 2022): 106510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106510.

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19

Iaccheri, Linda M. "Composite basement along the southern margin of the North Australian Craton: Evidence from in-situ zircon U-Pb-O-Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic compositions." Lithos 324-325 (January 2019): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.11.006.

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20

Tong, Xiaoxue, Changle Wang, Zidong Peng, Yuhao Li, Weiduo Hao, Kaarel Mänd, Leslie J. Robbins, et al. "Depositional and Environmental Constraints on the Late Neoarchean Dagushan Deposit (Anshan-Benxi Area, North China Craton): An Algoma-Type Banded Iron Formation." Economic Geology 116, no. 7 (November 1, 2021): 1575–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4841.

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Abstract The late Neoarchean, ~2.53 to 2.51 Ga Dagushan banded iron formation (BIF), is a typical Algoma-type BIF located in the northeast part of the North China craton. Despite having undergone upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism, the Dagushan BIF retains evidence of varied depositional facies, making it an ideal archive to evaluate the paleomarine environment and the paragenesis of the ore minerals. A transition from oxide to silicate to carbonate facies BIF is evident in a northward direction. The mineralogical composition shifts from magnetite and quartz in the south through a magnetite-quartz-cummingtonite/stilpnomelane assemblage in the transition zone to magnetite-siderite in the north. Such a distinct distribution of mineralogical facies correlates well with the depositional environment of the BIF. The carbonate facies BIFs formed in a near-shore, proximal environment, whereas the oxide and silicate facies BIF assemblages formed in deeper waters, distal to the paleoshoreline. The BIF samples display characteristic seawater-like rare earth element + yttrium (REE + Y) profiles with positive La and Y anomalies and heavy REE enrichment relative to the light REEs when normalized to post-Archean Australian shale. Positive Eu anomalies suggest a high-temperature hydrothermal contribution to the BIF. The absence of a negative Ce anomaly in nearly all samples, coupled with positive δ56Fe in magnetite in all mineralogical facies, indicates a dominantly anoxic water column contemporaneous with deposition of the BIF. At ~2.53 Ga in the Anshan area, seawater was mostly anoxic and rich in ferrous iron. Dissolved ferrous iron in upwelling hydrothermal fluids was oxidized and precipitated as Fe(III) oxyhydroxides in the photic zone leading to BIF formation. Proximal to hydrothermal vents, magnetite formed via the reaction of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and aqueous Fe(II) supplied from the hydrothermal fluids and microbial dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) coupled to organic carbon oxidation. Proximal to a paleoshoreline, siderite formed through DIR, as evidenced by the depleted δ13C values and the presence of graphite. Silicates, such as stilpnomelane and cummingtonite, are considered to be the metamorphic products of early diagenetic silicates (e.g., nontronite) that formed in the water column from admixtures of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and amorphous silica.

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21

Rösel, Delia, Thomas Zack, and Steven David Boger. "LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of detrital rutile and zircon from the Reynolds Range: A window into the Palaeoproterozoic tectonosedimentary evolution of the North Australian Craton." Precambrian Research 255 (December 2014): 381–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.10.006.

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22

Hollis, J. A., C. J. Carson, L. M. Glass, N. Kositcin, A. Scherstén, K. E. Worden, R. A. Armstrong, G. M. Yaxley, and A. I. S. Kemp. "Detrital zircon U–Pb–Hf and O isotope character of the Cahill Formation and Nourlangie Schist, Pine Creek Orogen: Implications for the tectonic correlation and evolution of the North Australian Craton." Precambrian Research 246 (June 2014): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.02.013.

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23

Gibson, G. M., and D. C. Champion. "Antipodean fugitive terranes in southern Laurentia: How Proterozoic Australia built the American West." Lithosphere 11, no. 4 (June 10, 2019): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/l1072.1.

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Abstract Paleoproterozoic arc and backarc assemblages accreted to the south Laurentian margin between 1800 Ma and 1600 Ma, and previously thought to be indigenous to North America, more likely represent fragments of a dismembered marginal sea developed outboard of the formerly opposing Australian-Antarctic plate. Fugitive elements of this arc-backarc system in North America share a common geological record with their left-behind Australia-Antarctic counterparts, including discrete peaks in tectonic and/or magmatic activity at 1780 Ma, 1760 Ma, 1740 Ma, 1710–1705 Ma, 1690–1670 Ma, 1650 Ma, and 1620 Ma. Subduction rollback, ocean basin closure, and the arrival of Laurentia at the Australian-Antarctic convergent margin first led to arc-continent collision at 1650–1640 Ma and then continent-continent collision by 1620 Ma as the last vestiges of the backarc basin collapsed. Collision induced obduction and transfer of the arc and more outboard parts of the Australian-Antarctic backarc basin onto the Laurentian margin, where they remained following later breakup of the Neoproterozoic Rodinia supercontinent. North American felsic rocks generally yield Nd depleted mantle model ages consistent with arc and backarc assemblages built on early Paleoproterozoic Australian crust as opposed to older Archean basement making up the now underlying Wyoming and Superior cratons.

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Evans, Michael E., and Adrian R. Muxworthy. "Vaalbara Palaeomagnetism." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 9 (September 2019): 912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0081.

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Vaalbara is the name given to a proposed configuration of continental blocks—the Kaapvaal craton (southern Africa) and the Pilbara craton (north-western Australia)—thought to be the Earth’s oldest supercraton assemblage. Its temporal history is poorly defined, but it has been suggested that it was stable for at least 400 million years, between 3.1 and 2.7 Ga. Here, we present an updated analysis that shows that the existence of a single supercraton between ∼2.9 and ∼2.7 Ga is inconsistent with the available palaeomagnetic data.

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Mitchell, Ross N., Uwe Kirscher, Marcus Kunzmann, Yebo Liu, and Grant M. Cox. "Gulf of Nuna: Astrochronologic correlation of a Mesoproterozoic oceanic euxinic event." Geology 49, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47587.1.

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Abstract The ca. 1.4 Ga Velkerri and Xiamaling Formations, in Australia and the north China craton, respectively, are both carbonaceous shale deposits that record a prominent euxinic interval and were intruded by ca. 1.3 Ga dolerite sills. These similarities raise the possibility that these two units correlate, which would suggest the occurrence of widespread euxinia, organic carbon burial, and source rock deposition. Paleomagnetic data are consistent with Australia and the north China craton being neighbors in the supercontinent Nuna and thus permit deposition in a single large basin, and the putative stratigraphic correlation. However, lack of geochronological data has precluded definitive testing. The Xiamaling Formation has been shown to exhibit depositional control by orbital cycles. Here, we tested the putative correlation with the Velkerri Formation by cyclostratigraphic analysis. The Velkerri Formation exhibits sedimentological cycles that can be interpreted to represent the entire hierarchy of orbital cycles, according to a sedimentation rate that is consistent with Re-Os ages. Comparison of the inferred durations of the euxinic intervals preserved in both the Xiamaling and Velkerri Formations reveals a nearly identical ∼10-m.y.-long oceanic euxinic event. This permits the interpretation that the two hydrocarbon-rich units were deposited and matured in the same basin of Nuna, similar to the Gulf of Mexico during the breakup of Pangea.

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Domnick, Urs, Nigel J. Cook, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Benjamin P. Wade, Liam Courtney-Davies, and Russel Bluck. "A Mineralisation Age for the Sediment-Hosted Blackbush Uranium Prospect, North-Eastern Eyre Peninsula, South Australia." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020191.

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The Blackbush uranium prospect (~12,580 tonnes U at 85 ppm cut-off) is located on the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia. Blackbush was discovered in 2007 and is currently the single example of sediment-hosted uranium mineralisation investigated in any detail in the Gawler Craton. Uranium is hosted within Eocene sandstones of the Kanaka Beds and, subordinately, within a massive saprolite derived from the subjacent Hiltaba-aged (~1585 Ma) granites, affiliated with the Samphire Pluton. Uranium is mainly present as coffinite in different lithologies, mineralisation styles and mineral associations. In the sandstone and saprolite, coffinite occurs intergrown with framboidal Fe-sulphides and lignite, as well as coatings around, and filling fractures within, grains of quartz. Microprobe U–Pb dating of coffinite hosted in sedimentary units yielded a narrow age range, with a weighted average of 16.98 ± 0.16 Ma (343 individual analyses), strongly indicating a single coffinite-forming event at that time. Coffinite in subjacent saprolite generated a broader age range from 28 Ma to 20 Ma. Vein-hosted coffinite yielded similar ages (from 12 to 25 Ma), albeit with a greater range. Uraninite in the vein is distinctly older (42 to 38 Ma). The 17 ± 0.16 Ma age for sandstone-hosted mineralisation roughly coincides with tectonic movement as indicated by the presence of horst and graben structures in the Eocene sedimentary rocks hosting uranium mineralisation but not in stratigraphically younger sedimentary rocks. The new ages for hydrothermal minerals support a conceptual genetic model in which uranium was initially sourced from granite bedrock, then pre-concentrated into veins within that granite, and is subsequently dissolved and reprecipitated as coffinite in younger sediments as a result of low-temperature hydrothermal activity associated with tectonic events during the Tertiary. The ages obtained here for uranium minerals within the different lithologies in the Blackbush prospect support a conceptual genetic model in which tectonic movement along the reactivated Roopena Fault, which triggered the flow of U-rich fluids into the cover sequence. The timing of mineralisation provides information that can help optimise exploration programs for analogous uranium resources within shallow buried sediments across the region. The model presented here can be predicted to apply to sediment-hosted U-mineralisation in cratons elsewhere.

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Beslier, Marie-Odile, Jean-Yves Royer, Jacques Girardeau, Peter J. Hill, Eric Boeuf, Cameron Buchanan, Fabienne Chatin, et al. "A wide ocean-continent transition along the south-west Australian margin: first results of the MARGAU/MD110 cruise." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.6.629.

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Abstract Introduction and geodynamic setting. – Syn-rift exhumation of mantle rocks in a continental breakup zone was highlighted along the present-day west Iberian passive margin [e.g. Boillot et al., 1988, 1995; Whitmarsh et al., 1995, 2001; Beslier et al., 1996; Brun and Beslier, 1996; Boillot and Coulon, 1998; Krawczyk et al., 1996; Girardeau et al., 1998] and along the fossil Tethyan margins [e.g. Froitzheim and Manatschal, 1996; Manatschal and Bernoulli, 1996; Marroni et al., 1998; Müntener et al., 2000; Desmurs et al., 2001]. Along the west Iberian margin, serpentinized peridotite and scarce gabbro and basalt lay directly under the sediments, over a 30 to 130 km-wide transition between the thinned continental crust and the first oceanic crust [Girardeau et al., 1988, 1998; Kornprobst and Tabit, 1988; Boillot et al., 1989; Beslier et al., 1990, 1996; Cornen et al., 1999]. The formation of a wide ocean-continent transition (OCT), mostly controlled by tectonics and associated with an exhumation of deep lithospheric levels, would be an essential stage of continental breakup and a characteristic of magma-poor passive margins. The southwest Australian margin provides an opportunity to test and to generalize the models proposed for the west Iberian margin, as both margins present many analogies. The south Australian margin formed during the Gondwana breakup in the Mesozoic, along a NW-SE oblique extension direction [Willcox and Stagg, 1990]. From north to south, the continental slope is bounded by (1) a magnetic quiet zone (MQZ) where the nature of the basement is ambiguous [Talwani et al., 1979; Tikku and Cande, 1999; Sayers et al., 2001], (2) a zone where the basement shows a rough topography associated with poorly expressed magnetic anomalies [Cande and Mutter, 1982; Veevers et al., 1990; Tikku and Cande, 1999; Sayers et al., 2001], and which is the eastward prolongation of the Diamantina Zone, and (3) an Eocene oceanic domain. The continental breakup zone is believed to be located near or at the southern edge of the MQZ [Cande and Mutter, 1982; Veevers et al., 1990; Sayers et al., 2001]. Breakup is dated at 125 Ma [Stagg and Willcox, 1992], 95 ± 5 Ma [Veevers, 1986] or at 83 Ma [Sayers et al., 2001], and followed by ultra-slow seafloor spreading until the Eocene (43 Ma), and fast spreading afterwards [Weissel and Hayes, 1972; Cande and Mutter, 1982; Veevers et al., 1990; Tikku and Cande, 1999]. The western end of the margin (fig. 1) is starved and bounded in the OCT by basement ridges where peridotite, gabbro and basalt were previously dredged [Nicholls et al., 1981]. Altimetry data [Sandwell and Smith, 1997] show that some of these ridges are continuous over 1500 km along the OCT of the south Australian margin and of the conjugate Antarctic margin. The objectives of the MARGAU/MD110 cruise (May-June 1998; [Royer et al., 1998]; fig. 2) were to define the morpho-structure and the nature and evolution of the basement in the SW Australian OCT. An area of 180 000 km2 was explored with swath bathymetry. Gravimetric data (11382 km) were simultaneously recorded whereas few single channel seismic (1353 km) and magnetic (5387 km) data were obtained due to technical difficulties. Crystalline basement rocks, made of varied and locally well-preserved lithologies, were dredged at 11 sites located on structural highs. Main results. – The bathymetric map unveils three E-W domains (fig. 2). From north to south, they are the continental slope of Australia, prolonged westward by that of the Naturaliste Plateau, a 160 km-wide intermediate flat sedimented area corresponding to the MQZ, and a 100 km-wide zone of rough E-W oriented topography which continues the Diamantina Zone (fig. 3). The first two domains are cut through in three segments by two major fracture zones (FZ), the Leeuwin FZ along the eastern side of the Naturaliste Plateau, and the Naturaliste FZ along its western flank. These NW-SE trending FZ terminate north of the E-W trending fabric of the Diamantina Zone. Accordingly, extension occurred along the NW-SE direction during the formation of the slope and of the MQZ, and then turned to N-S during the formation of the Diamantina Zone. In the Diamantina Zone, the mantle rocks dredged at Site MG-DR02 are mainly lherzolites, rich in pyroxenitic micro-layers, and pyroxenites. They contain spinel rimmed by plagioclase and locally coronas of olivine + plagioclase between opx and spinel, which suggest that they underwent some subsolidus reequilibration in the plagioclase field (fig. 4C). Westward (Site DR09), the mantle rocks are harzburgitic, with lesser pyroxenitic bandings and no plagioclase. The rocks have coarse-grained porphyroclastic textures that are locally overprinted by narrow mylonitic shear bands, and then by a cataclastic deformation, which indicate decreasing temperatures and increasing stresses during their evolution. Basalts were sampled at Sites MG-DR01, −04, −05, and together with gabbros at Sites MG-DR02, -03, -09. They have a transitional composition as shown by their REE patterns, except one sample from site MG-DR-05 which is an alkaline basalt (fig. 5). The gabbros are clearly intrusive in the peridotite at Sites DR02 and -09. They contain olivine and clinopyroxene (cpx) at Site DR02, cpx, plagioclase and hornblende at Site DR03, and cpx and amphibole or orthopyroxene or olivine at Site DR09 (fig. 4D). At that site, a tonalite containing K-feldspar and biotite and alkaline in composition (fig. 5), has also been sampled. All these plutonic rocks display either their primary magmatic textures or secondary porphyroclastic ones that are locally overprinted by mylonitic shear zones (fig. 4E). Retrograde minerals of amphibolite to greenschist facies developed during the deformation. The basalts are clearly intrusive in the gabbros at Site DR03. They are altered and exhibit porphyric textures with abundant plagioclase and plagioclase + olivine phenocrysts at Sites DR03, -04, -08, -10, and have a transitional composition (fig. 5). The nature and evolution of the peridotites and associated gabbros are compatible with an exhumation under a rift zone, on both sides of the Leeuwin FZ. It includes a mylonitic deformation which attests that these rocks underwent a shearing deformation under lithospheric conditions, in probable relation with their exhumation during the early stages of the oceanic opening. The crustal rocks are represented only by intrusive gabbros and by transitional basalts. In the MQZ, the peridotites recovered at Site MG-DR06 are mainly spinel and plagioclase lherzolites (fig. 4B) and a few pyroxenites (fig. 4A) with high temperature porphyroclastic textures. Their discovery indicates that the basement in the MQZ is not exclusively formed of thinned continental crust. Lavas sampled westward of the Leeuwin FZ at Site DR10 have also transitional compositions (fig. 5). On the Australian slope, samples dredged at Site MG-DR07 are continental quartz-bearing rocks (mostly gneisses and rare granites), some showing a high grade paragenesis (upper amphibolite to granulite facies) marked by the presence of K-feldspar, biotite, sillimanite and/or kyanite and garnet, and without primary muscovite (fig. 4G). Some of these rocks underwent an intense mylonitic shear deformation followed by post-tectonic recrystallisation or migmatization. Depending on the age of the high grade evolution (metamorphism and shearing), these rocks document either the syn-rift exhumation of lower continental crust, or the formation of the older Australian craton. On the slope of the Naturaliste Plateau, at Site DR11, rocks of oceanic origin (gabbro-diorites/dolerite/basalt; fig. 4F) were dredged together with acid rocks (gneiss and granites) of probable continental origin, some having a quartz, K-feldspar, biotite and garnet metamorphic paragenesis (fig. 4H). At that site, the transitional basalts intrude the gabbros and associated dolerites. The presence of metamorphic acid rocks indicate that the Naturaliste Plateau is likely a continental fragment that was later intruded by mafic rocks, whose origin and ages of intrusion have to be determined. Discussion and conclusions. – The retrograde tectono-metamorphic evolution of the peridotites recovered in the MQZ, which includes a reequilibration in the plagioclase field (marked by the development of olivine and plagioclase after spinel and pyroxene), is compatible with an exhumation under a rift zone [Girardeau et al., 1988; Kornprobst and Tabit, 1988; Cornen et al., 1999]. By analogy with the Iberia Abyssal Plain, the MQZ could represent a wide OCT where the mantle was exhumed and stretched mostly by amagmatic extension before the initiation of oceanic accretion [Beslier et al., 1996; Boillot and Coulon, 1998] (fig. 6). This hypothesis is supported by the tectonic structures (horsts and grabens) imaged in the seismic data over the MQZ [Boeuf and Doust, 1975]. Accordingly, the limit of the continental crust would be located at the foot of the slope, i.e. 160 km (or 250 km in the NW-SE extension direction) northward of the assumed location of the OCT at the southern edge of the MQZ. The age of the Australia-Antarctic breakup would thus be (1) older than that inferred from the magnetic anomalies (circa 95 Ma [Cande and Mutter, 1982; Veevers, 1986]), which would rather date the onset of oceanic accretion, and (2) older than the age of the breakup unconformity estimated as Santonian (83 Ma), further east, in the Great Australian Bight [Sayers et al., 2001]. The origin of the Naturaliste Plateau, continental or oceanic, is still disputed. The discovery of metamorphic rocks of probable continental origin on the southern flank of the Plateau (Site DR11) shows that it consists at least partially of rocks of the Gondwana continent. All the samples from the Diamantina Zone confirm that its basement is made of a peridotite-gabbro-basalt assemblage. The nature and age of the peridotites and of the associated magmas will help understanding the origin of this domain, which can result either from Neocomian seafloor spreading with further remobilization during the Australia-Antarctic separation, or from post-Neocomian ultra-slow seafloor spreading. Because of the omnipresence of extensive tectonic structures (fig. 3) and of the relatively small proportion of crustal rocks relative to the mantle rocks, we argue that the formation of the Diamantina Zone was mainly controlled by tectonics rather than by magmatic processes. In conclusion, the data collected along the southwest Australian margin during the MARGAU/MD110 survey evidence two major tectonic phases with formation of a wide OCT where abundant mantle rocks, in association with few mafic rocks, outcrop or lay directly beneath the sediments. The evolution of the crystalline rocks is compatible with an exhumation under a rift zone during a phase of magma-poor extension primarily controlled by tectonic processes. The domains where basement highs were sampled seem to be continuous over more than 1500 km eastward along the south Australian margin. Additional evidence on such large-scale structural continuity and on the nature of the associated basement highs may help generalizing the models for continental breakup and formation of non-volcanic passive margins, where oceanic accretion does not immediately follow continental breakup.

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Giles, David, Peter G. Betts, and Gordon S. Lister. "1.8–1.5-Ga links between the North and South Australian Cratons and the Early–Middle Proterozoic configuration of Australia." Tectonophysics 380, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.11.010.

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Brown, Adrian J., Thomas J. Cudahy, and Malcolm R. Walter. "Hydrothermal alteration at the Panorama Formation, North Pole Dome, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Precambrian Research 151, no. 3-4 (December 15, 2006): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.08.014.

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Spence, Joshua S., Ioan V. Sanislav, and Paul H. G. M. Dirks. "1750–1710 Ma deformation along the eastern margin of the North Australia Craton." Precambrian Research 353 (February 2021): 106019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.106019.

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Terabayashi, Masaru, Yuki Masada, and Hiroaki Ozawa. "Archean ocean-floor metamorphism in the North Pole area, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Precambrian Research 127, no. 1-3 (November 2003): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(03)00186-4.

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32

McKenzie, N. L., R. D. Bullen, and L. A. Gibson. "Corrigendum to: Habitat associations of zoophagic bat ensembles in north-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 6 (2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19049_co.

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North-western Australia comprises the Kimberley Craton and parts of three adjacent sedimentary basins. It has a tropical climate and habitats that range from semiarid plains supporting grasslands to mesic uplands supporting woodlands as well as narrow riparian forests and patches of rainforest; mangrove forests occur along the coast. Its bat fauna comprises three obligate phytophages and 27 obligate zoophages. Analysis of zoophagic bats at 171 sites scattered throughout this study area revealed two compositionally distinct ensembles. One, comprising 19 species, occupies mangrove forest and includes three species known only to occupy mangroves in Western Australia. The other, comprising 20 species, occupies landward habitats and includes four species that are found only in landward ecosystems. Both ensembles are structured in terms of resource allocation, but nestedness observed in assemblage composition can be explained by environmental factors, implying the influence of environmental controls. Sixteen species belong to both ensembles, but seven of these require cave roosts and occur only near cavernous country while three others are confined to rocky riparian habitats. The richest assemblages were recorded in rugged cavernous landscapes in complex vegetation structures near permanent freshwater pools in the most mesic areas.

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Hill, Geoff. "THE ROLE OF THE PRE-RIFT STRUCTURE IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE DAMPIER BASIN AREA, NORTH WEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 34, no. 1 (1994): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj93046.

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The Dampier Sub-basin shows many faults oblique to the basin axis. Previous explanations for this range from syn-rift transfer systems through to deep seated wrenching.Multiple rift episodes, with differing stress directions, occur in the area's history, each utilising the pre-existing fault patterns. As basement is difficult to interpret beneath thick sedimentary cover, the initial architecture is interpreted from the tectonic setting.The sub-basin lies adjacent to the Archean Pilbara Craton, a stable crustal block surrounded by ancient mobile belts. The East Africa rift system has also formed in a Craton margin setting. In East Africa earthquake data and detailed seismic interpretation show the rift utilises faults within the mobile belt systems.In the Dampier area, the three different extension vectors combined with the pre-rift fabric and the East Africa analogue, are used to build an alternate model for the basin genesis. Permo-Carboniferous extension sets up a rift system partitioned by the Precambrian fabric. Jurassic extension reactivates these faults but with oblique slip and dip slip movement caused by the new extension direction. This oblique slip causes complex branching arrays of new faults within the cover section. A third extension vector in the Cretaceous subsequently modifies the fabric. The Dampier Sub-basin is seen as a complex failed rift utilising a Precambrian tectonic fabric. The structural inheritance of the pre-rift fabric by each rift episode has affected the geometry of hydrocarbon-bearing structures of the sub-basin.

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Kranendonk, M. J. V., A. H. Hickman, R. H. Smithies, D. R. Nelson, and G. Pike. "Geology and Tectonic Evolution of the Archean North Pilbara Terrain,Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Economic Geology 97, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 695–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.97.4.695.

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Kranendonk, M. J. V. "Geology and Tectonic Evolution of the Archean North Pilbara Terrain, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Economic Geology 97, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 695–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/97.4.695.

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36

Petrishchevsky, A. M. "CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE IN THE ZONE OF JUNCTION BETWEEN THE CENTRAL ASIAN AND PACIFIC FOLD BELTS." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 40, no. 5 (2021): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2021-40-5-16-32.

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Spatial distributions of gravity sources and density contrast of geological media, which is reflected by the values of parameter μz , into the crust and upper mantle of Northeast China are analyzed. Features of rheological layering of the tectonosphere and deep spatial relationships of tectonic structures (cratonic blocks, marginal terranes, and sedimentary basins) are defined. In the density contrast distributions the formal signs of Paleozoic subduction of the North-China Craton and Mesozoic subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Amurian Plate were revealed. Crustal deformations are in sharp contrast with upper mantle deformations in structural planes resulting from different directions of tectonic stresses in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Thrusting of marginal terranes (Jamusi, Khanka) over the Amurian Plate lithosphere is revealed. Rheology and deep structure of North East China bear many similarities to other regions of the Pacific western margin in Asia and Australia.

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Petrishchevsky, A. M. "CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE IN THE ZONE OF JUNCTION BETWEEN THE CENTRAL ASIAN AND PACIFIC FOLD BELTS." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 40, no. 5 (2021): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2021-40-5-16-32.

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Spatial distributions of gravity sources and density contrast of geological media, which is reflected by the values of parameter μz , into the crust and upper mantle of Northeast China are analyzed. Features of rheological layering of the tectonosphere and deep spatial relationships of tectonic structures (cratonic blocks, marginal terranes, and sedimentary basins) are defined. In the density contrast distributions the formal signs of Paleozoic subduction of the North-China Craton and Mesozoic subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Amurian Plate were revealed. Crustal deformations are in sharp contrast with upper mantle deformations in structural planes resulting from different directions of tectonic stresses in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Thrusting of marginal terranes (Jamusi, Khanka) over the Amurian Plate lithosphere is revealed. Rheology and deep structure of North East China bear many similarities to other regions of the Pacific western margin in Asia and Australia.

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Creaser, Robert A. "Neodymium isotopic constraints for the origin of Mesoproterozoic felsic magmatism, Gawler Craton, South Australia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-039.

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Mesoproterozoic felsic magmatism of the Gawler Range Volcanics and Hiltaba Suite granites occurred at 1585–1595 Ma across much of the Gawler Craton, South Australia. Nd isotopic analysis of this felsic magmatism, combined with petrological and geochemical arguments, suggest derivation by partial melting of both Paleoproterozoic and Archean crust. The majority of samples analyzed have Nd isotopic and geochemical characteristics compatible with the involvement of Paleoproterozoic crust stabilized during the 1.85–1.71 Ga Kimban orogeny as sources for the Mesoproterozoic magmatism; others require derivation from sources dominated by Archean rocks. This cycle of Paleoproterozoic crustal stabilization followed by involvement of this crust Mesoproterozoic felsic magmatism is one previously documented from many parts of Mesoproterozoic Laurentia. On the basis of models proposing East Australia–Antarctica to be the conjugate landmass at the rifted margin of western North America, it appears that the voluminous magmatism of South Australia is another example of a typically Mesoproterozoic style of magmatism linked to Laurentia. This Mesoproterozoic magmatism appears temporally linked to regional high-temperature, low-pressure metamorphism of the region, and together with the presence of mantle-derived magmas, implicates the operation of large-scale tectono-thermal processes in the origin of felsic magmatism at 1590 Ma.

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Blewett, R. S., S. Shevchenko, and B. Bell. "The North Pole Dome: a non-diapiric dome in the Archaean Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Precambrian Research 133, no. 1-2 (August 2004): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2004.04.002.

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Wang, Chong, Zheng-Xiang Li, Peng Peng, Sergei Pisarevsky, Yebo Liu, Uwe Kirscher, and Adam Nordsvan. "Long-lived connection between the North China and North Australian cratons in supercontinent Nuna: paleomagnetic and geological constraints." Science Bulletin 64, no. 13 (July 2019): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.028.

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41

Doughty, P. T., R. A. Price, and R. R. Parrish. "Geology and U-Pb geochronology of Archean basement and Proterozoic cover in the Priest River complex, northwestern United States, and their implications for Cordilleran structure and Precambrian continent reconstructions." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e97-083.

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Precambrian basement rocks exposed within tectonic windows in the North American Cordillera help to define the Precambrian crustal structure of western North America and possible reconstructions of the Late Proterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. New geologic mapping and U-Pb dating in the infrastructure of the Priest River metamorphic complex, northern Idaho, documents the first Archean basement (2651 ± 20 Ma) north of the Snake River Plain in the North American Cordillera. The Archean rocks are exposed in the core of an antiform and mantled by a metaquartzite that may represent the nonconformity between basement and the overlying Hauser Lake gneiss, which is correlated with the Prichard Formation of the Belt Supergroup. A structurally higher sheet of augen gneiss interleaved with the Hauser Lake gneiss yields a U-Pb zircon crystallization age somewhat greater than 1577 Ma. The slivers of augen gneiss were tectonically interleaved with the surrounding Hauser Lake gneiss near the base of the Spokane dome mylonite zone, which arches across this part of the Priest River complex. We conclude that the Spokane dome mylonite zone lies above the Archean basement-cover contact and that it was, in part, equivalent to the basal décollement of the Rocky Mountain fold and thrust belt. New U-Pb dates on metamorphic monazite and xenotime reveal peak metamorphism at ca. 72 Ma, compatible with movement along the Spokane dome mylonite zone at that time. The Archean basement could be interpreted as the western extension of the Hearne province, or a new Archean basement terrane separated from the Hearne province by an Early Proterozoic suture. The unique assemblage of 2.65 Ga basement, ~1.58 Ga felsic intrusive rocks, and the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup can be used as a piercing point for the identification of the conjugate margin to Laurentia. Our new dating supports previous correlations of Australia's Gawler craton (2.55-2.65 Ga) and its 1590 Ma plutons with the Priest River complex basement gneisses. The Priest River complex basement may be a piece of eastern Australia stranded during rifting of the supercontinent Rodina in the Late Proterozoic.

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Fraser, G., A. Reid, and R. Stern. "Timing of deformation and exhumation across the Karari Shear Zone, north-western Gawler Craton, South Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 59, no. 4 (June 2012): 547–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2012.678586.

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43

Zhang, Shuan-Hong, Richard E. Ernst, Tim J. Munson, Junling Pei, Guohui Hu, Jian-Min Liu, Qi-Qi Zhang, Yu-Hang Cai, and Yue Zhao. "Comparisons of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic large igneous provinces and black shales in the North China and North Australian cratons." Fundamental Research 2, no. 1 (January 2022): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2021.10.009.

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Li, Z. X. "Palaeomagnetic evidence for unification of the North and West Australian cratons by ca.1.7 Ga: new results from the Kimberley Basin of northwestern Australia." Geophysical Journal International 142, no. 1 (July 2000): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00143.x.

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Brown, AJ, MR Walter, and TJ Cudahy. "Hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy of a Mars analogue environment at the North Pole Dome, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 3 (June 2005): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090500134530.

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46

Sweetapple, Marcus T., and Peter L. F. Collins. "Genetic Framework for the Classification and Distribution of Archean Rare Metal Pegmatites in the North Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Economic Geology 97, no. 4 (July 2002): 873–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.97.4.873.

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47

Bagas, L., F. P. Bierlein, S. Bodorkos, and D. R. Nelson. "Tectonic setting, evolution and orogenic gold potential of the late Mesoarchaean Mosquito Creek Basin, North Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Precambrian Research 160, no. 3-4 (February 1, 2008): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.07.005.

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48

Nixon, A. L., S. Glorie, A. S. Collins, M. L. Blades, A. Simpson, and J. A. Whelan. "Inter-cratonic geochronological and geochemical correlations of the Derim Derim–Galiwinku/Yanliao reconstructed Large Igneous Province across the North Australian and North China cratons." Gondwana Research 103 (March 2022): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2021.10.027.

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49

Djokic, Tara, Martin J. Van Kranendonk, Kathleen A. Campbell, Jeff R. Havig, Malcolm R. Walter, and Diego M. Guido. "A Reconstructed Subaerial Hot Spring Field in the ∼3.5 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, North Pole Dome, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia." Astrobiology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2019.2072.

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50

Yang, B., A. S. Collins, M. L. Blades, N. Capogreco, J. L. Payne, T. J. Munson, G. M. Cox, and S. Glorie. "Middle–late Mesoproterozoic tectonic geography of the North Australia Craton: U–Pb and Hf isotopes of detrital zircon grains in the Beetaloo Sub-basin, Northern Territory, Australia." Journal of the Geological Society 176, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2018-159.

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