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Academic literature on the topic 'North American central plains anomaly'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "North American central plains anomaly"

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Jones, Alan G., and Peter J. Savage. "North American Central Plains conductivity anomaly goes east." Geophysical Research Letters 13, no. 7 (July 1986): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl013i007p00685.

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Degroot-Hedlin, Catherine, and Steven Constable. "Occam's Inversion and the North American Central Plains Electrical Anomaly." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 45, no. 9 (1993): 985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.45.985.

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Rankin, D., and F. Pascal. "A gap in the North American Central Plains conductivity anomaly." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 60, no. 1-4 (January 1990): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90255-v.

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Jones, Alan G., Juanjo Ledo, and Ian J. Ferguson. "Electromagnetic images of the Trans-Hudson orogen: the North American Central Plains anomaly revealed." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-018.

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Magnetotelluric studies of the Trans-Hudson orogen over the last two decades, prompted by the discovery of a significant conductivity anomaly beneath the North American Central Plains (NACP), from over 300 sites yield an extensive database for interrogation and enable three-dimensional information to be obtained about the geometry of the orogen from southern North Dakota to northern Saskatchewan. The NACP anomaly is remarkable in its continuity along strike, testimony to along-strike similarity of orogenic processes. Where bedrock is exposed, the anomaly can be associated with sulphides that were metamorphosed during subduction and compression and penetratively emplaced deep within the crust of the internides of the orogen to the boundary of the Hearne margin. A new result from this compilation is the discovery of an anomaly within the upper mantle beginning at depths of ~80–100 km. This lithospheric mantle conductor has electrical properties similar to those for the central Slave craton mantle conductor, which lies directly beneath the major diamond-producing Lac de Gras kimberlite field. While the Saskatchewan mantle conductor does not directly underlie the Fort à la Corne kimberlite, which is associated with the Sask craton, the spatial correspondence is close.
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Cook, Benjamin I., Richard Seager, Ron L. Miller, and Joseph A. Mason. "Intensification of North American Megadroughts through Surface and Dust Aerosol Forcing*." Journal of Climate 26, no. 13 (July 1, 2013): 4414–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00022.1.

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Abstract Tree-ring-based reconstructions of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) indicate that, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the central plains of North America experienced recurrent periods of drought spanning decades or longer. These megadroughts had exceptional persistence compared to more recent events, but the causes remain uncertain. The authors conducted a suite of general circulation model experiments to test the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) and land surface forcing on the MCA megadroughts over the central plains. The land surface forcing is represented as a set of dune mobilization boundary conditions, derived from available geomorphological evidence and modeled as increased bare soil area and a dust aerosol source (32°–44°N, 105°–95°W). In the experiments, cold tropical Pacific SST forcing suppresses precipitation over the central plains but cannot reproduce the overall drying or persistence seen in the PDSI reconstruction. Droughts in the scenario with dust aerosols, however, are amplified and have significantly longer persistence than in other model experiments, more closely matching the reconstructed PDSI. This additional drying occurs because the dust increases the shortwave planetary albedo, reducing energy inputs to the surface and boundary layer. The energy deficit increases atmospheric stability, inhibiting convection and reducing cloud cover and precipitation over the central plains. Results from this study provide the first model-based evidence that dust aerosol forcing and land surface changes could have contributed to the intensity and persistence of the central plains megadroughts, although uncertainties remain in the formulation of the boundary conditions and the future importance of these feedbacks.
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Jones, Alan G., James A. Craven, Gary W. McNeice, Ian J. Ferguson, Trevor Boyce, Colin Farquarson, and Rob G. Ellis. "North American Central Plains conductivity anomaly within the Trans-Hudson orogen in northern Saskatchewan, Canada." Geology 21, no. 11 (1993): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<1027:nacpca>2.3.co;2.

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Evans, Shane, Alan G. Jones, Jessica Spratt, and John Katsube. "Central Baffin electromagnetic experiment (CBEX): Mapping the North American Central Plains (NACP) conductivity anomaly in the Canadian arctic." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 150, no. 1-3 (May 2005): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.08.032.

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Cook, Benjamin I., Toby R. Ault, and Jason E. Smerdon. "Unprecedented 21st century drought risk in the American Southwest and Central Plains." Science Advances 1, no. 1 (February 2015): e1400082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400082.

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In the Southwest and Central Plains of Western North America, climate change is expected to increase drought severity in the coming decades. These regions nevertheless experienced extended Medieval-era droughts that were more persistent than any historical event, providing crucial targets in the paleoclimate record for benchmarking the severity of future drought risks. We use an empirical drought reconstruction and three soil moisture metrics from 17 state-of-the-art general circulation models to show that these models project significantly drier conditions in the later half of the 21st century compared to the 20th century and earlier paleoclimatic intervals. This desiccation is consistent across most of the models and moisture balance variables, indicating a coherent and robust drying response to warming despite the diversity of models and metrics analyzed. Notably, future drought risk will likely exceed even the driest centuries of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (1100–1300 CE) in both moderate (RCP 4.5) and high (RCP 8.5) future emissions scenarios, leading to unprecedented drought conditions during the last millennium.
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Garcia, Xavier, and Alan G. Jones. "Electromagnetic image of the Trans-Hudson orogen — THO94 transect." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-016.

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The North American Central Plains (NACP) anomaly in enhanced electric conductivity and its relationship with the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson orogen (THO) has been studied under the auspices of Lithoprobe for over a decade. The NACP anomaly was the first geophysical evidence of the existence of the THO beneath the Phanerozoic sediments of the Central Plains. This anomaly, detected geomagnetically in the late 1960s, has been the subject of a number magnetotelluric studies from the early 1980s. The PanCanadian and Geological Survey of Canada experiments in the 1980s and the Lithoprobe experiments in the 1990s together comprise four east–west and one north–south regional-scale profiles in Saskatchewan perpendicular to the strike of the orogen. In this paper, data from the northernmost line, coincident with seismic line S2B, are analysed and interpreted, and are shown to be key in determining the northern extension of the NACP anomaly. Dimensionality analysis confirms the rotation of deep crustal structures eastward to Hudson Bay, as earlier proposed on the basis of broad-scale geomagnetic studies. On this profile, as with the profile at the edge of the Paleozoic sediments, the NACP anomaly is imaged as lying within the La Ronge domain, in contact with the Rottenstone domain, and structurally above the Guncoat thrust, a late compressional feature. The location of the anomaly together with the surface geology suggests that the anomaly is caused either by sulphide mineralization concentrated in the hinges of folds, by graphite, or by a combination of both. Our interpretation of the data is consistent with that from other profiles, and suggests that the NACP anomaly was formed as a consequence of subduction and collisional processes involving northward subduction of the internides of the THO beneath the Hearne craton. On the southern part of this profile, a resistive structure is identified as the Sask craton, suggesting that Proterozoic rocks are above Archean rocks in the THO.
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Wang, Hailan, Siegfried D. Schubert, Randal D. Koster, and Yehui Chang. "Phase Locking of the Boreal Summer Atmospheric Response to Dry Land Surface Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere." Journal of Climate 32, no. 4 (February 2019): 1081–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0240.1.

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Past modeling simulations, supported by observational composites, indicate that during boreal summer, dry soil moisture anomalies in very different locations within the U.S. continental interior tend to induce the same upper-tropospheric circulation pattern: a high anomaly forms over west-central North America and a low anomaly forms to the east. The present study investigates the causes of this apparent phase locking of the upper-level circulation response and extends the investigation to other land regions in the Northern Hemisphere. The phase locking over North America is found to be induced by zonal asymmetries in the local basic state originating from North American orography. Specifically, orography-induced zonal variations of air temperature, those in the lower troposphere in particular, and surface pressure play a dominant role in placing the soil moisture–forced negative Rossby wave source (dominated by upper-level divergence anomalies) over the eastern leeside of the Western Cordillera, which subsequently produces an upper-level high anomaly over west-central North America, with the downstream anomalous circulation responses phase locked by continuity. The zonal variations of the local climatological atmospheric circulation, manifested as a climatological high over central North America, help shape the spatial pattern of the upper-level circulation responses. Considering the rest of the Northern Hemisphere, the northern Middle East exhibits similar phase locking, also induced by local orography. The Middle Eastern phase locking, however, is not as pronounced as that over North America; North America is where soil moisture anomalies have the greatest impact on the upper-tropospheric circulation.
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Books on the topic "North American central plains anomaly"

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L, Cavanaugh Marianne, and Art Libraries Society of North America. Central Plains Chapter., eds. Central Plains union list of serial exhibition catalogs: A project of the Central Plains Chapter, Art Libraries Society of North America. St. Louis: [The Chapter?], 1994.

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Hetzler, Richard. The Mitsitam Cafe Cookbook: Recipes from the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing, 2010.

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Gibson, Karen Bush. The Pawnee Indians: Farmer Hunters of the Central Plains (American Indian Nations). Capstone Press, 2003.

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Gibson, Karen B. The Pawnee: Farmers and Hunters of the Central Plains (American Indian Nations). Capstone Press, 2000.

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Hyde, Anne F. Born of Lakes and Plains: Mixed-Descent Peoples and the Making of the American West. Norton & Company Limited, W. W., 2023.

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Born of Lakes and Plains: Mixed-Descent Peoples and the Making of the American West. Norton & Company, Incorporated, W. W., 2022.

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Born of Lakes and Plains: Mixed-Descent Peoples and the Making of the American West. W. W. Norton & Company, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "North American central plains anomaly"

1

Goodin, Douglas G., and Philip A. Fay. "Climate Variability in Tallgrass Prairie at Multiple Timescales: Konza Prairie Biological Station." In Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response in Long-Term Ecological Research Sites. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150599.003.0038.

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Climate is a fundamental driver of ecosystem structure and function (Prentice et al. 1992). Historically, North American grassland and forest biomes have fluctuated across the landscape in step with century- to millennialscale climate variability (Axelrod 1985; Ritchie 1986). Climate variability of at decadal scale, such as the severe drought of the 1930s in the Central Plains of North America, caused major shifts in grassland plant community composition (Weaver 1954, 1968). However, on a year-to-year basis, climate variability is more likely to affect net primary productivity (NPP; Briggs and Knapp 1995; Knapp et al. 1998; Briggs and Knapp 2001). This is especially true for grasslands, which have recently been shown to display greater variability in net primary production in response to climate variability than forest, desert, or arctic/alpine systems (Knapp and Smith 2001). Although the basic relationships among interannual variability in rainfall, temperature, and grassland NPP have been well studied (Sala et al. 1988; Knapp et al. 1998; Alward et al. 1999), the linkages to major causes of climate variability at quasi-quintennial (~5 years) or interdecadal (~10 year) timescales in the North American continental interior, such as solar activity cycles, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the North Pacific Index (NP), are less well understood. In this chapter, we will examine how interannual, quasi-quintennial, and interdecadal variation in annual precipitation and mean annual temperature at a tallgrass prairie site (Konza Prairie Biological Station) may be related to indexes of solar activity, ENSO, NAO, and NP, and in turn how these indexes may be related to aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Specifically, we present (1) period-spectrum analyses to characterize the predominant timescales of temperature and precipitation variability at Konza Prairie, (2) correlation analyses of quantitative indexes of the major atmospheric processes with Konza temperature and precipitation records, and (3) the implications of variation in major atmospheric processes for seasonal and interannual patterns of ANPP. The Konza Prairie Biological Station (KNZ), which lies in the Flint Hills (39º05' N, 96º35' W), is a 1.6-million-ha region spanning eastern Kansas from the Nebraska border to northeastern Oklahoma (figure 20.1). This region is the largest remaining tract of unbroken tallgrass prairie in North America (Samson and Knopf 1994) and falls in the more mesic eastern portion of the Central Plains grasslands.
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Zalasiewicz, Jan, and Mark Williams. "The Last of the Warmth." In The Goldilocks Planet. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199593576.003.0012.

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The Pan-American Highway rises in the far north of the Americas at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska and, except for a small gap in Panama, runs the entire length of the two American continents to terminate at Ushuaia in southernmost Argentina. Along its way it travels nearly 50,000 kilometres, from the polar landscape of the far north, through the boreal forests of Canada, the temperate plains and hot deserts of the USA and Mexico, and on further into the tropical zones of Central and South America, until it reaches the sub-polar landscape of Tierra del Fuego. The American landscape was not always like this. To travel along the Pan-American Highway some three million years ago, in the Pliocene Epoch, would have revealed a different world. It was a little warmer than our own. Far away, the Greenland ice sheet covered only a small part of that land mass. At the other end of the world, there was less ice covering the West Antarctic than we are familiar with today. Going south, from Prudhoe Bay along the Pan-American Highway of the Pliocene, there was none of the scrub tundra now seen by the ice road truckers. Forests then extended far to the north, covering vast areas of northern Canada and Alaska, and draping the coastal margins of Greenland. They stretched, too, into Siberia, a mass of forest extending thousands of kilometres from Norway to Kamchatka. There was almost no tundra in the north, except for a few patches in Greenland and on the far northern extremities of Siberia. Instead the polar sun rose across that well-nigh endless green Pliocene forest. Such a prehistoric journey south along the Pan-American Highway would take one across the grasslands of temperate America. These are truly ancient, having been long established even then. Patterns of seasonal temperature and rainfall, though, allowed forests to grow where none are present today. There were no humans to cut down the trees or hunt the animals that lived in the forests. There were no Great Lakes either, for no northern ice had grown yet, to scour out their floors and fill them with melt water.
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Futuyma, Douglas J. "Ecological Specialization and Generalization." In Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131543.003.0019.

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Anyone who is even slightly acquainted with plants or animals knows that different species inhabit different parts of the world, live in different habitats, and, in the case of animals, eat some imaginable kinds of food and not others. As with many other familiar facts, it may not occur to us to ask why the geographic and ecological ranges of species are limited, until we realize that species vary drastically in their geographic, ecological, and physiological amplitudes. The bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is broadly distributed in temperate climates of every continent (except Antarctica), whereas the curly-grass fern (Schizaea pusilla) is limited to parts of eastern Canada and central New Jersey in the United States. The black-billed magpie (Pica pica) is a familiar bird from western Europe through eastern Asia and from Alaska to the Great Plains of North America, but the very similar yellow-billed magpie (Pica nuttalli) is restricted to central California. What accounts for the much narrower distribution of one than the other species? Related species often differ in the variety of habitats they occupy. The thistle Cirsium canescens is restricted to well-drained sandhills in the American prairie, whereas Cirsium arvense is a European species that has become a rampant weed in North America, growing in many types of soil. The endangered Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) nests only in stands of jack pine of a certain age, while its relatives, such as the yellow warbler (Dendroica aestiva), nest in many types of vegetation and have far broader geographic ranges as well. (Species with narrow and broad habitat associations are referred to as stenotopic and eurytopic, respectively.) Stenotopic species or populations frequently have a narrower tolerance of certain physical variables than do others. Most plants and animals from warm tropical environments cannot survive freezing temperatures, and Antarctic notothenioid fishes cannot tolerate temperatures above 6°C. In contrast, species that inhabit environments where the temperature varies widely often have broad temperature tolerance. In many such species, individuals are capable of biochemical and physiological alterations that acclimate them to pronounced changes in temperature.
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Hart, Richard H. "Land-Use History on the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0008.

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As described in chapter 1 of this volume, the grasslands of central North America began to expand at the end of the Wisconsin period (about 10,000 years BP), and continued their expansion through the warming trend that persisted until about 3000 years BP, occupying their maximum territory at that time (Dix, 1964). Currently, the region still supports trees on escarpments, along streams, and at other sites protected from fire, but centuries ago, fires caused by lightning or kindled by Native Americans may have eliminated relict stands of forest and savanna on the open plains. Large browsers and grazers also may have played a part in eliminating trees as well as grasses sensitive to grazing pressure (Axelrod, 1985). Throughout millennia, bison in particular were likely to have shaped the plant communities of the shortgrass steppe, and thus were an essential component of the system (Larson, 1940). Bison appeared as early as 300,000 years BP; bison, mammoths, mastodons, camels, horses, and other grazers were numerous by 20,000 years BP. Humans arrived in North America perhaps as early as 60,000 years BP, but certainly by 15,000 years ago. Fires and bison may have achieved maximum impact as recently as the past 500 years (Axelrod, 1985; Looman, 1977). The roles of climate, fire, and grazing in the development of North American grasslands have been examined by Ellison (1960), Coupland (1979), Dyer et al. (1982), Anderson (1982), and Tetlyanova et al. (1990). The earliest known human sites on the shortgrass steppe date to about 13,000 years BP (Wedel, 1 979) and a re f ound i n the vicinity o f fossil g lacial l akes. The population of these mammoth hunters was apparently sparse and scattered. Soon after 11,000 years BP, many of the large mammalian species such as the mammoth, native horse, camel, and ground sloth vanished, and the hunters turned to bison. Bone beds representing mass kills of bison have been found below buffalo jumps (Fig. 4.1) and even in the remains of wood or stone corrals, but single kills must have been much more common.
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Conference papers on the topic "North American central plains anomaly"

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Jones, Alan G., Jon Katsube, and Ian Ferguson. "Paleoproterozoic tectonic processes revealed through electromagnetic studies of the North American Central Plains (NACP) conductivity anomaly: From continental to hand sample scale." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1826616.

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Bedrosian, Paul A., and Carol A. Finn. "GEOPHYSICAL MAPPING OF THE ARCHEAN BENEATH THE NORTH AMERICAN CENTRAL PLAINS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-353383.

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Robert Scott Van Pelt, Matthew C Baddock, Ted M Zobeck, Veronica Acosta-Martinez, Alan J Schlegel, and Merle F Vigil. "Field Wind Tunnel Testing of Two Silt Loam Soils on the North American Central High Plains." In International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution (ISELE), 18-21 September 2011, Anchorage, Alaska. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39288.

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Li, Lin, and Majie Fan. "CENOZOIC SEDIMENT PROVENANCE IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS CORRESPONDS TO FOUR EPISODES OF TECTONIC AND MAGMATIC EVENTS IN THE CENTRAL NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334180.

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