Academic literature on the topic 'Norms hierarchy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Norms hierarchy"
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Shelton, Dinah. "Normative Hierarchy in International Law." American Journal of International Law 100, no. 2 (April 2006): 291–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000016675.
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Systems of law usually establish a hierarchy of norms based on the particular source from which the norms derive. In national legal systems, it is commonplace for the fundamental values of society to be given constitutional status and afforded precedence in the event of a conflict with norms enacted by legislation or adopted by administrative regulation; administrative rules themselves must conform to legislative mandates, while written law usually takes precedence over unwritten law and legal norms prevail over nonlegal (political or moral) rules. Norms of equal status must be balanced and reconciled to the extent possible. The mode of legal reasoning applied in practice is thus naturally hierarchical, establishing relationships and order between normative statements and levels of authority.
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Patrick, Megan E., Clayton Neighbors, and Christine M. Lee. "A Hierarchy of 21st Birthday Drinking Norms." Journal of College Student Development 53, no. 4 (2012): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0060.
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Krug, Barbara. "Norms, Numbers and Hierarchy: Commenton E. Schlicht." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 61, no. 2 (April 2002): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1536-7150.00178.
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Anísio Caldas, Gabriel Aparecido, and Norton Maldonado Dias. "INFLUÊNCIA DA HUMANIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL NO HISTÓRICO DE VALORAÇÃO DAS NORMAS JURÍDICAS PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL BRASILEIRO." Científic@ - Multidisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (December 5, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29247/2358-260x.2017v4i2.p102-115.
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RESUMO O trabalho faz um retrocesso no histórico da atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal com a finalidade de acompanhar julgados influenciados por normas celebradas em Tratados e Convenções Internacionais durante o processo de codificação do Direito Internacional. A proposta sonda a hipótese de relação do processo de Humanização do Direito Internacional com as alterações da hierarquia das normas previstas em Tratados e Convenções Internacionais dentro do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Fica, bastante, claro que as oscilações verificáveis na atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal quanto à hierarquia das normas internacionais deixaram de ter valor comum de legislações ordinárias para status especiais de supralegalidade e, até, de emendas constitucionais. Tratando-se, ao final, justamente, das influências do fenômeno da Humanização do Direito Internacional no processo de hierarquização das normas internacionais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro quando, especificamente, versassem por direitos humanos. Palavras-chave: Hierarquia das Normas Internacionais. Direitos Humanos ABSTRACTThe work makes a step back in the history of the action of the Federal Supreme Court in order to accompany those judged to be influenced by norms established in International Treaties and Conventions during the codification process of International Law. The proposal examines the hypothesis of a relationship between the process of Humanization of International Law and the changes in the hierarchy of norms foreseen in International Treaties and Conventions within the Brazilian legal system. It is quite clear that the verifiable oscillations in the Federal Supreme Court's performance regarding the hierarchy of international norms have no longer common value of ordinary legislation for special statuses of supralegality and even constitutional amendments. In the end, it is precisely because of the influence of the phenomenon of the Humanization of International Law in the process of hierarchizing international norms in the Brazilian legal system when they specifically deal with human rights.Keywords: Hierarchy of International Legal Norms. Human rights.
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Block, Alexander C., and Benedikt Löwe. "A multiplication operation for the hierarchy of norms." Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 169, no. 7 (July 2018): 656–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2018.03.003.
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Kartika, Adhitya Widya. "The Existence of Decision Norms of the Constitutional Court as a Source of Legislative and Executive Laws." Lentera Hukum 6, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v6i2.10495.
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Norms are behavioral guidelines in the Indonesian legal state. Norms continue to exist in the legislation and juridical consequences of constitutional court decisions, and in particular, that of the Constitutional Court. Legal norms have principles that are applied to a wider hierarchy of legal norms and the production of legislation. In essence, the Constitutional Court's rulings have consequences on the actions of the government and therefore the action of governance. Including decision norms in the Constitutional Court's ruling has juridical consequences for the hierarchy of regulations and state legal actions in carrying out the function of government. This article aims to find out how to apply decision norms if there an identical or related decision exists within a different judicial institution. In government institutions bound by the Constitutional Court's decisions, application of decision norms resulted in chaos for the application and enforcement of the law. The implementing agency is faced with the same legal product, namely a verdict in another judicial institution. This causes no legal certainty. Rather than a solution or outcome, implementing agencies are faced with an identical legal response yet no legal certainty. The absence of legal certainty has consequences for government institutions that are bound by the Constitutional Court's decision. By utilizing a hierarchy of legal norms, the issue of rigidity and uncertainty caused by decision norms can be resolved. Likewise, in the legislature, the Constitutional Court's decision is the source of making legal norms. As the Constitutional Court’s decision is the source of legal norm production in the legislature, espousing a hierarchy of legal norms will enable laws and regulations that are formed to reflect justice, certainty and benefit.
Keywords: Court Decision, Legal Norms, Government.
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Tahvanainen, Annika. "Hierarchy of Norms in International and Human Rights Law." Nordic Journal of Human Rights 24, no. 03 (November 2, 2006): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1891-814x-2006-03-01.
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Klement, Erich Peter, Radko Mesiar, and Endre Pap. "On the order of triangular norms—comments on “A triangular norm hierarchy” by E. Cretu." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 131, no. 3 (November 2002): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0114(02)00114-8.
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Chitambar, Eric, and Min-Hsiu Hsieh. "Asymptotic state discrimination and a strict hierarchy in distinguishability norms." Journal of Mathematical Physics 55, no. 11 (November 2014): 112204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4902027.
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Sychyov, Oleg A., Irina N. Protasova, and Igor' V. Anoshkin. "Elaboration of moral mattes questionnaire." Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, no. 4 (2019): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2019-25-4-107-112.
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The article presents the preliminary results of elabouration of moral mattes questionnaire aimed at assessment of sensitivity to violation of moral norms such as ban of harm, distributive justice, egalitarian justice, loyalty, hierarchy, purity and sanctity. Confirmation of the theoretical factor structure was demonstrated in the sample of 529 students. Using the moral foundation questionnaire (MFQ) we obtained data on validity of the scales which indicate on similarity but not equivalence of the constructs used in these questionnaires. We discovered that the evaluation of violation of the hierarchy and purity norms is more severe in elder people, and women give more strict evaluation of violation of the purity norms while men are stricter at estimating of violation of loyalty and distributive justice norms.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Norms hierarchy"
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Kurz, Aaron. "Shared Norms, Hierarchical Maintenance, and International Hierarchy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283783/.
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The dissertation studies two aspects of international hierarchy. The world of international politics is not one of completely sovereign states competing in anarchy. Patterns of hierarchy, where a dominant state has legitimate control over some actions of a subordinate state, color the globe. First, I look at shared norms and hierarchy. Most studies concerning hierarchy focus on material maximization as an explanation for hierarchy--if hierarchy increases the wealth and security of two states, then hierarchy is more likely. I argue that shared norms held by two states facilitate hierarchy. Shared norms produce a common in-group community, generate common interests, create common ways of doing business, and give rise to common values that increase subordinate states' ability to persuade the dominant state. These factors ease the creation and maintenance of international hierarchical relationships. Second, I study interstate behaviors that can be explained as actions of maintenance by dominant states over subordinates to preserve or increase a level of hierarchy. I theorize that sticks and carrots from a dominant state (like economic sanctions, military interventions, and foreign aid) help sustain a dominant state's rule by convincing subordinate states to follow the dominant state's commands and expectations. Using data on U.S. hierarchies from 1950 to 2010, I utilize multivariate regressions to test hypotheses drawn from these theories. I find that shared norms associate with hierarchy, and maintenance actions uncommonly associate with compliance.
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Assar, Nandini Narain. "Gender hierarchy among Gujarati immigrants linking immigration rules and ethnic norms /." [Blacksburg, Va. : University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2000. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04262000-18590048.
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Assar, Nandini Narain. "Gender Hierarchy Among Gujarati Immigrants: Linking Immigration Rules and Ethnic Norns." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11115.
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Immigration policy and tradition dovetail in their impact on the social organization of immigrant communities, linking the material and non-material aspects of gender. I focus on Asian Indian Patels, who dominate the budget motel business in the United States. I conducted semi-structured interviews with Patel men, women, and teenagers. I stayed overnight in the motels to observe families at work. I was almost always invited to prepare and share a meal, so I observed families at home. My analysis is based on transcribed interviews with participants, fieldnotes, observations, community publications, and information from three key contacts. Most Patels enter the U.S. under family reunification rules in a chain migration. These rules do not recognize families as labor; therefore a majority of documented immigrants are exempt from labor certification. Traditions define Patel women as housewives. The nature of motel work allows women to contribute their labor full-time and still remain housewives: they are not recognized as workers. Community financing and family labor, both escapes from the market economy, allow for the economic success of Patels. When families take on subsequent links in the chain migration, they must meet the costs of migration for new immigrants, and maintain traditional gender hierarchy. When they are the last link in the chain, there is a challenge to this hierarchy. In the second generation, when they remain in the motel business, Patels maintain traditional gender hierarchy. When either partner is linked to the labor market, there is a challenge to traditional gender hierarchy.Ph. D.
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Göransson, Rebecka. ""Hela mitt liv har jag sagt att jag ligger runt" En studie om asexualitetens innebörd och dess relation till den obligatoriska sexualiteten." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27025.
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Asexualitet som begrepp är förhållandevis outforskat och omgärdas av många frågor, varför syftet med denna uppsats varit att belysa såväl asexualitetens innebörd som upplevelsen av att vara asexuell i ett samhälle där uttryckandet av sexualiteten ses som en avgörande del av individens hälsa och välmående. Inför denna uppsats har nio självidentifierade asexuella personer i åldrarna 18 till 45 år intervjuats och vägledande frågor i arbetet är; Hur beskriver informanterna asexualiteten och dess innebörd? Hur har informanternas individuella process till att anamma begreppet asexuell sett ut? Hur upplever informanterna att omgivningen bemöter/har bemött deras asexualitet, samt vilken uppfattning upplever de att omgivningen har kring asexualitet i stort? Påverkas informanterna av den obligatoriska sexualiteten som normsystem och hur återspeglas detta i så fall i deras berättelser?Studien visar att asexualitet är ett komplext begrepp som innefattar såväl individualism som mångfald. Asexuella personer möter en misstro och ett ifrågasättande från omgivningen utifrån ett antagande om en essentiell sexualitet, vilket återspeglar den obligatoriska sexualiteten som normsystem. Informanterna efterfrågar en förståelse för asexualitetens existens och en acceptans för att behovet av sexuella uttryck ser olika ut för alla människor. Vidare framkommer parallella beskrivningar av asexualiteten, som å ena sidan medfödd och inneboende del av individen och å andra sidan som någonting rörligt och i högsta grad föränderligt, vilket kan relateras till de normer som påverkar synen på asexualitet och andra icke-sexuella uttryck. Då dessa uttryck existerar, oavsett om de beskrivs som perioder av bristande lust eller livslång asexualitet, finns det ett värde i att bredda synen på såväl sexualiteten som asexualiteten. Detta då ett breddande kan skapa bättre förutsättningar för välmående i relation till såväl asexualiteten som sexualitetens föränderlighet under livets gång.The concept of asexuality is relatively unexplored and surrounded by many questions, why the purpose of this essay has been to illustrate the meaning of asexuality as well as the experience of being asexual in a society where expressing your sexuality is considered to be a crucial part of the individual´s health and wellbeing. In this essay interviews have been conducted with nine self identified asexual individuals, aged 18 to 45 years and indicative questions in the essay are: How do the informants describe asexuality and its meaning? What has the individual process of embracing its meaning looked like? How do the informants experience society´s approach to asexuality and what percpetion of asexuality do they feel that society has over all? Are the informants affected by the compulsory sexuality as a normative system and if so, how is this reflected in their stories?This study shows that asexualty is a complex concept that includes both individualism and diversity. Asexual individuals face distrust and questioning attitudes in society, based on assumptions of an essential sexuality, which reflect compulsory sexuality as a normative system. The informants ask for an understanding of the excistence of asexuality, as well as acceptance of the fact that the need for sexual expressions is different for all people. Furthermore the study shows parallel descriptions of asexuality as congenital and inherent, as well as something highly variable, which can be related to the norms that affect the perception of asexuality and other non-sexual expressions. These expressions exist, regardless if they are described as temporary lack of sexual desire or life-long asexuality and therefore there is a value in broadening the perception of both sexuality and asexuality. This broadening can create better conditions for wellbeing in relation both to asexuality, and sexuality as changeable during the path of life.
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Ducol, François. "Droit et développement urbain durable." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOD002/document.
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Le développement urbain durable est aujourd’hui une notion centrale des discours sur la ville et des politiques publiques en la matière. Sans être une simple déclinaison du développement durable appliqué à l’urbain, il en reprend quelques grands principes, qui pour certains s’inscrivent dans la longue histoire de l’urbanisme. En tout état de cause, ces principes irriguent aujourd’hui le droit de l’urbanisme. Mais de la norme juridique à l’action concrète, il y a parfois loin, afin, par exemple, de limiter effectivement l’étalement urbain ou encore de réduire les pollutions urbaines. En quelques années,le droit français de l’urbanisme a pourtant été transformé en profondeur pour aider à résoudre ces problèmes et d’autres, et favoriser en ce sens le développement urbain durable. Grâce à quels outils ? Et malgré quels obstacles ? Ces derniers ne sont pas négligeables, et interrogent la capacité réelle du droit français, en l’état, à promouvoir le développement urbain durable à l’échelle des espaces urbains pertinents, voire à ne pas l’entraverThe urban sustainable development is nowadays a main notion in the discourses about the city and in the concerning public policies. If it isn’t a simple variation of the sustainable development applied to the urban matter, it resumes many of its main principles, which are for some of them keeping with the long story of town planning. In any case, those principles are irrigating the urban law today. But from the legal rule to the concrete action is the way sometimes long, in order to limitefficaciously the urban sprawl or to reduce the urban pollutions for example. For a few year the frenchurban law is however being deeply transformed in order to contribute to resolve these problems and others, and to encourage the urban sustainable development. Thanks to which tools ? And despite of which obstacles ? These obstacles are not insignificant, and the even sound the real capacity of the French law, as it stands, to promote the urban sustainable development on the scale of the pertinent urban spaces, and not to block it
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Poli, Philippe. "Les juridictions ordinaires françaises et le contrôle de la constitutionnalité des engagements internationaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32090.
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Dans la résolution d’un conflit opérée conformément aux règles de droit qui lui sont applicables, les juridictions ordinaires françaises sont amenées à se prononcer sur l’applicabilité des normes conventionnelles au regard de leur conformité à la Constitution. Ce contrôle, longtemps cantonné à la seule vérification de l’existence de la procédure d’insertion de l’engagement international, s’est progressivement développé, jusqu’à conduire à une appréciation de la constitutionnalité externe de la norme internationale. Dans un contexte de prégnance exponentielle de l’ordre juridique international sur l’ordre juridique interne, cette dynamique jurisprudentielle est apparue comme un palliatif aux carences inhérentes au contrôle a priori pratiqué par le Conseil constitutionnel, interprète authentique et premier de la Constitution. La conjugaison des deux modes de contrôle de constitutionnalité, augmentée de l’examen préventif opéré par les formations administratives du Conseil d'État, n’apporte pourtant pas une réponse pleinement satisfaisante à l’ « angle mort » persistant dans le contrôle de constitutionnalité des normes internationales. En l’absence de titre d’habilitation au bénéfice du juge ordinaire dirigé contre elle, la norme internationale jouit d’une injusticiabilité de nature à obérer la suprématie de la Constitution dans l’ordre juridique interne. Le Conseil d'État et la Cour de cassation ont pourtant consacré cette supériorité. Mais le refus par le juge ordinaire d’étendre sa jurisprudence au contrôle de la constitutionnalité interne de la norme internationale rend inconséquente cette affirmation jurisprudentielle. L’instauration de la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité, loin de vider le débat de son intérêt, réactive les interrogations soulevées par l’appréhension des rapports de systèmes, en soulignant la nécessité d’opposer un contrôle de l’applicabilité des engagements internationaux en vigueur. Il convient dès lors de s’interroger sur la possibilité et sur l’opportunité d’une évolution en ce sens de la jurisprudence du Conseil d'État et de la Cour de cassation. L’enjeu de la réflexion menée n’est pas uniquement théorique. Au-delà des implications procédurales, elle dessine en creux les contours de la souveraineté nationale et interroge quant à sa réalitéIn order to decide a case in accordance with applicable law, French ordinary jurisdictions are lead to determine whether applicable international rules comply with the Constitution. This supervision was long limited to the review of the insertion modalities of international treaties into domestic law and has progressively extended to the review of the external constitutionality of international rules. This evolution has compensated for the inherent shortcomings of the a priori review of international treaties carried out by the Constitutional Council, the final interpret of the Constitution. The conjugation of these two review mechanisms does not however satisfactorily address a “blind spot” in the area of the compliance of international rules to the Constitution. The fact that there are cases in which international rules cannot be reviewed jeopardizes the supremacy of the Constitution in domestic law. The Council of State and the Court of Cassation have however recognized this superiority but the refusal by ordinary jurisdictions to review the internal constitutionality of the international rules makes this superiority ineffective. The introduction of the “priority preliminary ruling on the issue of constitutionality revives the debate regarding systems relationships, and emphasizes the necessity of establishing a more complete review of the applicability of international treaties in force. Thoughts should be given to the possibility of such an evolution in the Council of State and Cassation Courts rulings. The stakes of the analysis here conducted are not only theoretical. Beyond procedural consequences, it draws a first outline of the national sovereignty, and questions as its reality
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Drouiller, Camille. "Ordre public et droits fondamentaux. Contribution à l’étude de la fondamentalisation du droit privé interne." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2038/document.
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Le mouvement de fondamentalisation du droit qui est à l’œuvre depuis plusieurs décennies n’a épargné aucun domaine. Les droits fondamentaux se sont imposés dans toutes les branches du droit, et leur reconnaissance en tant que valeurs sociales essentielles justifie qu’ils bénéficient de la protection de l’ordre public. Les droits fondamentaux ont ainsi intégré l’ordre public. C’est à cet aspect particulier de la fondamentalisation que se consacre cette étude.Ce phénomène a tout à la fois renouvelé et bouleversé la notion. Enrichi des droits fondamentaux, l’ordre public a dû être reconsidéré. Conçu traditionnellement comme un mécanisme limitant les volontés individuelles, abritant des valeurs holistes de nature législative, et appréhendé dans un ordre juridique étatique, l’ordre public devait être repensé après l’intrusion des droits fondamentaux. Par ailleurs, il apparaît que cet enrichissement substantiel de l’ordre public a conduit à l’émergence de nouveaux conflits normatifs mettant en jeu des dispositions d’ordre public. En effet, les droits fondamentaux sont mis en œuvre à la fois dans l’ordre juridique interne stricto sensu, mais également dans des ordres juridiques supralégislatifs parmi lesquels l’Union européenne et le Conseil de l’Europe disposent d’une place privilégiée. Contenant des valeurs hétérogènes, se manifestant à toutes les strates de la hiérarchie des normes, des conflits de normes impliquant plusieurs dispositions d’ordre public ont vu le jour. Ces conflits d’un nouveau genre n’ont pas été sans incidence sur la caractéristique principale de l’ordre public : sa normativité. Ainsi, l’étude s’attache tout à la fois à justifier le phénomène d’intégration des droits fondamentaux à l’ordre public, et à en mesurer les conséquences sur la notion d’ordre public. Par ailleurs, l’examen des conflits normatifs impliquant des dispositions d’ordre public doit s’envisager dans une perspective plus globale de pluralisme juridiqueThe fundamentalisation of law, which has been occurring for several decades now, has had an impact on all fields. Fundamental rights have become predominant in every branch of the law, and their recognition as essential social values justifies their protection under the public policy. Fundamental rights have thus been incorporated into public policy. This study focuses on this particular aspect of fundamentalisation.This phenomenon has not only renewed the notion, but also profoundly changed it. Being broadened by fundamental rights, the concept of public policy had to be reconsidered. Originally conceived as a mechanism that restricts individual will, implemented with holistic legislative values and apprehended in a state legal order, the public policy had to be revamped after the intrusion of fundamental rights. Besides, it appears that this substantial enrichment of public policy has led to the emergence of new normative conflicts engaging public policy provisions. Not only are fundamental rights implemented into the internal legal order - in the strict sense of the term – but also into supranational legal orders, such as the European Union and the Council of Europe, which have a privileged position. Norm conflicts involving various public policy provisions and including assorted values have seen the light of day throughout all levels of the hierarchy of norms. This new type of conflicts have had an impact on the main feature of public policy, namely its normativity.The study therefore endeavours to justify the integration of fundamental rights into the public policy, and to determine the consequences of such mechanism on the notion of public policy. Besides, the review of normative conflicts involving public policy provisions has to be approached from a wider perspective of legal pluralism
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Charbonnel, Lionel. "La hiérarchie des normes conventionnelles : contribution à l’analyse normativiste du contrat." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG2023/document.
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La hiérarchie des normes est une notion commune du langage juridique. Les conventions, à l’instar de la Constitution à l’égard de la loi, peuvent-elle entretenir entre elles des relations hiérarchiques ? Trois éléments feraient obstacle à cette hypothèse. L’effet relatif des conventions, l’identité de nature juridique de ces actes et, enfin, le fait que les conventions ne soient pas des règles de Droit mais des actes d’exécution du droit.Lever un à un ces obstacles qui ne sont pas rédhibitoires et démontrer que le contrat est une règle de Droit, autorise alors à admettre théoriquement cette hypothèse. L’étude du droit positif permet ensuite de confirmer que des conventions peuvent entretenir des rapports hiérarchiques. Tel est le cas du contrat de société à l’égard des conventions de la société contractante ou bien encore du mandat à l’égard du contrat projeté.Il est alors possible d’étudier les conditions dans lesquelles un lien de nature hiérarchique peut apparaître. Les conditions préalables à cette mise en ordre supposent une pluralité d’actes et la nature conventionnelle de ceux-ci. Les « éléments constitutifs » du lien hiérarchique supposent eux que la convention qui occupe la place de norme supérieure soit impérative à l’égard des parties à la seconde conventionThe hierarchy of norms is a common notion of juridical language. Can contracts, like the Constitution regarding law, organize into a hierarchy? Three elements would put an obstacle in the way of this assumption. The relative effect of contracts, the juridical identity of theses acts and, finally, the fact that contracts are not rules of law but acts of law enforcement.Raising these obstacles one by one, obstacles that are not totally unacceptable, and demonstrating that the contract is a rule of law, allows then to theoretically admit this possibility. The study of substantive law confirms afterwards that cont can be organized into a hierarchy. This is the case of the society contract regarding the conventions of the contracting society, and of the mandate with the contract that is planned.It is then possible to study the conditions under which a hierarchical link can appear. The prerequisites for this hierarchical organization require a plurality of acts and their contractual nature. The "making up elements" of the hierarchical link are based on the assumption that the contract that holds the higher norm is with regard to the parties of the second contract
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Bouya, Driss. "Le plan local d'urbanisme à l'épreuve de la hiérarchie des normes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES060/document.
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Le PLU fixe, dans le respect de la hiérarchie des normes, les règles d’utilisation du sol sur son territoire. Cette hiérarchie est constituée par un ensemble de normes et principes dont le nombre n’a cessé de s’alourdir depuis la décentralisation. Bien que de nature différente, ces normes s’imposent toutes, à quelques exceptions près, de la même façon au PLU. Ce dernier doit être compatible avec leurs dispositions. Cet agencement, apparemment cohérent, dissimule de nombreuses imperfections. Les normes supérieures non moins générales, peuvent aussi s’exprimer dans des termes précis, mixant élasticité et rigidité, précision et imprécision, certitude et incertitude,… Les rapports normatifs, du fait de leur imprécision, transmettent non seulement la validité déterminée par l’ordre supérieur mais aussi les incertitudes affectant ce dernier. Ils n’excluent pas la possibilité d’intensification qui pourrait aboutir à la conformité ni celle d’un affaiblissement aboutissant à une simple prise en compte. Il revient alors au PLU de tempérer ces excès de rigueur ou de mollesse et d’en ressortir des règles intellectuellement accessibles, relativement stables et juridiquement sécurisées. Mais, l'exercice est très délicat et préoccupe les communes qui ne peuvent adopter une interprétation totalement conforme à l’esprit de la norme supérieure sans échapper à la reproduction, au niveau du PLU, de l’ambiguïté qui caractérise cette norme. Il en résulte un PLU difficilement déchiffrable et juridiquement vulnérable puisque ses destinataires, exposés à la difficulté de donner un sens précis à ses règles et de déterminer avec précision celles applicables à un moment donné, ne manquent pas de le contester. Dans ce contexte, le juge s’est vu accordé de nouveaux pouvoirs en vue de tempérer l’impact du contentieux sur la sécurité juridique du PLU. Ainsi, à un encadrement drastique des conditions de recevabilité des recours contre le PLU s’ajoutent des alternatives à son annulation pure et simpleThe Local Urbanism Plan (LUP) set, within the respect of the norms hierarchy, the using rules of the soil on his territory. This hierarchy is constituted by a number of norms and principles which kept growing more and more since it was decentralized. Even though they’re different, these norms are all applicable in the same way to the LUP, with some exceptions. The LUP has to be compatible with their dispositions. This layout apparently coherent hides a high amount of imperfections. Higher norms, but not less generals, can as well be expressed in precise terms, mixing elasticity and rigidity, precision and imprecision, certitude and incertitude. Since nominative reports are not precise, they share in the first place the validity determined by the higher order, but also the incertitude affecting it. They don’t exclude the possibility it will intensify, meaning it could lead to the conformity, and neither have they excluded the weakening leading to a simple take into account. Then the LUP has to deal with these excess of rigor or weakness and to take into account the intellectuals, accessible, relatively stables, and legally secured rules. But this exercise is very tricky and a lot of towns are concerned since they cannot adopt an interpretation totally conform to the spirit of the superior norm without escaping the reproduction of the ambiguity which characterize this norm at the LUP level. As a result, LUPs become hardly decipherable and legally vulnerable since their recipients, which have hard times to give a precise meaning to this rules and characterize with precision which are applicable to a given time, are always ready to contest it. In this context, the judge received new capabilities in order to temper the litigation impact about the LUP legal security. Thus, alternatives to its cancelling are added to the drastic monitoring of the admissibility conditions of the recourse against the LUP
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Dogru, Sibel, and Helena Räf. "Flickors förståelse av fenomenet hedersrelaterat våld – en kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-71794.
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The aim of this study is to examine how girls from the discussion group "Coolt med koll" understand the phenomenon honor-related violence. The study is based upon three issues; how do our informants understand honor-related violence, where do the interviewed obtain information concerning honor-related violence and how do it affect their point of view, last but not least what do the girls know regarding children‟s rights. The theoretical points of this study are theories about honor-related living conditions and radical feminist theory. The study is carried out through six semi-structured qualitative interviews, which all are conducted separately. The results of this study obtained that the informants have limited knowledge of honor-related violence and that it‟s further difficult for them to connect the term with its context. The interviewed obtain a cultural and religious perspective when they highlight the phenomenon. The results also shows that the informants collect information about honor-related violence from different sources, their understandings differ depending on where they have gained information. Further the results reveal that half of our interviewees are well aware of children‟s rights and half of our interviewees are not.
Books on the topic "Norms hierarchy"
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Ladeur, Karl-Heinz. The theory of autopoiesis as an approach to a better understanding of postmodern law: From the hierarchy of norms to the heterarchy of changing patterns of legal inter-relationships. Badia Fiesolana, San Domenica (FI): European University Institute, 1999.
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Dhondt, Frederik. Balance of power and norm hierarchy: Franco-British diplomacy after the Peace of Utrecht. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Nijhoff, 2015.
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 4. Instruments and the Hierarchy of Norms. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0004.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines two related issues: the EU’s legal and non-legal instruments; and the hierarchy of norms. The EU has a number of legal and non-legal instruments that are used to attain Union objectives. The principal legal instruments are regulations, directives, and decisions. The hierarchy of norms refers to the idea that in a legal system there will be a vertical ordering of legal acts, with those in the lower rungs of the hierarchy being subject to legal acts of a higher status. There are currently five principal tiers to the hierarchy of norms in EU law, which are, in descending order: the constituent Treaties and Charter of Rights; general principles of law; legislative acts; delegated acts; and implementing acts. The chapter discusses the meaning of these different tiers.
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de Wet, Erika. Sources and the Hierarchy of International Law. Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0030.
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This chapter questions whether there is a hierarchy among the sources of international law and whether such a hierarchy is important for resolving norm conflicts stemming from the different sources of international law. It first examines whether the order between the sources listed in Article 38 (1) (c) of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Statute is an indication of a hierarchy in accordance with the order and form in which the sources are listed or moulded. Thereafter, the chapter examines whether peremptory norms represent a substantive hierarchy. It also questions whether peremptory norms can be categorized in accordance with the sources listed in Article 38 (1) (c), or whether they constitute a separate source in international law. The chapter further engages in a similar analysis of obligations under the United Nations Charter. It concludes that peremptory norms and obligations under the Charter are indicative of a substantive hierarchy in international law.
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Millie, Julian. The Languages of Preaching in the Islamic Public Sphere. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501713118.003.0005.
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Chapter Five explores the ways in which the preaching styles analysed in the two preceding chapters are publically evaluated, pointing out the way in which public norms about appropriate communication inform negative judgements of one of them (Al-Jauhari’s). The analytical approach to those norms is made through the subject of language selection (Sundanese versus Indonesian), a variable that expresses listeners’ recognition of a hierarchy of preaching styles.
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Jeutner, Valentin. The Possibility of a Legal Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808374.003.0003.
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The second part validates the stipulative definition of Part I by identifying those norm conflicts which contemporary international law cannot satisfactorily resolve. In doing so, this part answers the second research question—whether legal dilemmas could exist in international law—in the affirmative and demarcates the doctrinal space that legal dilemmas occupy. The argument develops in three sections. The first section identifies the inherent limitations of norm conflict resolution devices. Norm conflict resolution devices deal with a norm conflict by establishing a hierarchy or a compromise between norms. They thereby identify a course of action that avoids impairing either norm unduly. The second section considers the limitation of norm conflict accommodation devices. The third section explains why measures of last resort do not preclude the possibility of the existence of legal dilemmas.
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William A, Schabas. Part 2 Jurisdiction, Admissibility, and Applicable Law: Compétence, Recevabilité, Et Droit Applicable, Art.21 Applicable law/Droit applicable. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0026.
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This chapter comments on Article 21 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 21 is an important innovation since none of the previous statutes of international criminal tribunals has contained a provision dealing with ‘applicable law’. Article 21(1) imposes a hierarchy of sources, with a three-tiered cascade of applicable norms. Article 21(2) contemplates the case law of the Court, but without indicating where it fits within the hierarchy. Article 21(3) does not, strictly speaking, provide a new source. Rather, it makes all of the applicable law in article 21 subject to ‘internationally recognized human rights’.
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Pellet, Alain. Revisiting the Sources of Applicable Law before the ICC. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190272654.003.0013.
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Article 21 of the Rome Statute sets out a complex system of sources of applicable law. In addition to the Statute itself, which contains a relatively detailed list of crimes, Articles 21 includes the Elements of Crimes, a very detailed document which unnecessarily limits the scope of the crimes listed in the Statute and reveals mistrust with regard to the Court, the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, and the case law of the Court, despite the absence of stare decisis. In order to avoid risks of non liquet, Article 21 also refers to other norms and rules of international law. Article 21 establishes a hierarchy between the sources of law it refers to. It combines a formal hierarchy, on top of which lays the Statute, with a substantial hierarchy dominated by ‘internationally recognized human rights’ (Article 21(3)).
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Kammerhofer, Jörg. Sources in Legal-Positivist Theories. Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0017.
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This chapter demonstrates that the Kelsen–Merkl Stufenbau theory of the hierarchy of norms avoids many of the misconceptions of orthodox scholarship. This theory is the closest there is to a legal common-sense theory of the sources of international law. It is close to the mainstream, but provides a solid theoretical basis. False necessities are here deconstructed: the sources are neither a priori nor external to the law. Applying the Stufenbau theory to international law, the chapter concludes by sketching out the possibilities of ordering the sources of international law. A structural analysis of the international legal order clears the way for level-headed research on this legal order’s daily operations: norm-conflict and its application and interpretation.
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McGowan, Mary Kate. On Covert Exercitives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738831.003.0008.
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It is familiar from speech act theory how saying so can make it so. When the C.E.O. declares that no more overtime will be approved, for example, the C.E.O. thereby enacts a new company policy; her words effect an immediate change to the norms and policies operative in that company. Clearly, speech can enact facts about what is permissible and the familiar way for speech to do this is via an exercise of speaker authority. In this essay, though, I argue for a different way that speech enacts permissibility facts. Starting in the kinematics (i.e. the mechanics) of conversation, I first argue that conversational contributions routinely enact norms for the very conversation to which they contribute. I then argue that this phenomenon generalizes in a way that illuminates the crucial role of speech in enacting and perpetuating social hierarchy.
Book chapters on the topic "Norms hierarchy"
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McLeod, Ian. "Kelsen’s Hierarchy of Norms." In Legal Theory, 68–83. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14269-9_5.
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Costa Florêncio, Christophe, and Henning Fernau. "Hölder Norms and a Hierarchy Theorem for Parameterized Classes of CCG." In Grammatical Inference: Theoretical Results and Applications, 280–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15488-1_26.
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Suy, Eric. "The Constitutional Character of Constituent Treaties of International Organizations and the Hierarchy of Norms." In Recht zwischen Umbruch und Bewahrung, 267–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57785-7_19.
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Stoyanova, Nataliya. "Resistenza all’acquisizione della struttura del discorso e della gerarchizzazione sintattica in un corpus acquisizionale italo-russo." In Le lingue slave tra struttura e uso, 305–21. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-328-5.17.
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In this paper we present some statistics data regarding the preferential choices of native speakers of Russian and Italian and of Italian speakers of Russian with respect to the discourse structure and syntactic hierarchy. The research was conducted on the material of an original acquisition corpus, and has demonstrated that the discourse level is more resistant to the acquisition of the second language norms than the macrosyntactic level.
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Raimbault, Benjamin, and Pierre-Benoît Joly. "The Emergence of Technoscientific Fields and the New Political Sociology of Science." In Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, 85–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61728-8_4.
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AbstractThis chapter conceptualizes the emergence of a techno-scientific field (TSF) as a multiscalar and progressive establishment of a new set of epistemic and social rules. Drawing on science and technology studies and field theories, we design an original conceptual framework that allows us to formulate three propositions to characterize the process of emergence of a TSF. We use the emergence of synthetic biology (Synbio) as a ‘laboratory’ to test this framework. Each proposition refers to a determinant dimension in the process of emergence—heterogeneity, hierarchy, and autonomy. First, we claim that heterogeneity (of disciplines, research questions, visions, social norms) is constitutive of the emergence of a new TSF. Second, the population of Synbio researchers is highly stratified; a core group of scientific entrepreneurs (incumbents and challengers) plays an active role in the process of emergence. Third, strategies for the control of external resources are crucial to the structuration of the field, which is mirrored by the prominent role of core-group members as boundary spanners. An original scientometric approach is used to create specific variables that allow us to investigate both network and field structural dynamics bridging qualitative and quantitative approaches.
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Esteva, Francesc, Lluís Godo, and Àngel García-Cerdaña. "On the Hierarchy of t-norm Based Residuated Fuzzy Logics." In Beyond Two: Theory and Applications of Multiple-Valued Logic, 251–72. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1769-0_11.
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"Hierarchy of sources." In Conflict of Norms in Public International Law, 89–157. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511494550.005.
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"The Hierarchy of the Norms." In General Theory of Law & State, edited by Hans Kelsen and A. Javier Treviño, 123–61. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203790960-11.
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. "Instruments and the Hierarchy of Norms." In EU Law: Text, Cases, and Materials, 103–20. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199576999.003.0004.
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Levine, Caroline. "Hierarchy." In Forms. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691160627.003.0004.
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This chapter argues that if we consider closely the workings of hierarchical forms, we will find that they exert a far less orderly and systematic kind of domination than we might expect. It begins with a reading of Sophocles's Antigone. In this tragedy, the playwright sets a number powerful hierarchies in motion, almost all of them organized as simple binaries: masculine over feminine, king over subjects, friends over enemies, gods over humans. As these meet and intersect in the course of the dramatic action, a firm insistence on one hierarchy typically ends up reversing or subverting the logic of another, generating a political landscape of radical instability and unpredictability. The second section of the chapter expands to include other forms: what happens when bounded wholes and rhythms, too, come into the picture, organizing our experience atop or alongside hierarchies? Do these different, nonhomologous forms work with or athwart one another? The focus will be gender norms, a problem of longstanding interest in literary and cultural studies.
Conference papers on the topic "Norms hierarchy"
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Wang, Xue-Guang. "Research on Legal Norm Problems of Electronic Evidence Legislation Hierarchy." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Social Science and Contemporary Humanity Development. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sschd-16.2016.137.
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Appleton, Owen, and Matti Heikkurinen. "A hierarchy of e-Research needs understanding value delivery in distributed IT services." In NOMS 2014 - 2014 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/noms.2014.6838373.
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