Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Normes personnelles'
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Baumgartner, Stefanie. "Social Norms and Trust Levels among Refugees and Swiss Natives : A Behavioral Economics Approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO20015.
Full textParticipation in the labor market is considered as one of the most fundamental aspects in refugees’ integration process into the host society. Yet, research on the drivers of (un)employment of refugees in Western high-income countries is yet relatively limited. However, the roles of social norms and generalized trust have yet received little attention in this debate.The 1st chapter of this thesis experimentally elaborates on potential misalignments and misunderstandings of socio-cultural norms of workplace conduct between Turkish and Afghan refugees and Swiss natives. Our findings suggest that apart from a few misalignments, there is a lot of common ground in personal and social norms in the workplace between refugees and Swiss locals. Most of the differences we found are of small magnitude. To the largest part, refugees were mostly not any less able to predict the Swiss social norms than the Swiss themselves and internalized the host country’s norms over time. We also observe that normative conformity is driven by refugees' desire to be accepted by the host society, as their stated personal norms have been influenced by their intention to give socially desirable responses. This leads to the conclusion that refugees care about conforming to the norms of the host country and belonging to the host society, which contrasts with populist narratives.By a randomized trial, chapter 2 examines whether and how conflicting social norms held among home and host country peers influence refugees’ personal norms. We hypothesize that refugees may feel torn between two opposing forces: (1) the desire to be consistent with their home country's social norms closely linked to their social identity, and (2) the inclination to conform to local social norms prevailing among the majority society of the host country. For none of the refugee groups, we found significant effects on personal norms after they had learned about home and host country members’ different social norms. Yet, knowing these norms and (anonymously) being observed by co-national peers led Turkish participants to adjust their personal norms towards the social norm of co-nationals. Surprisingly, Afghan refugees who were informed of home and host country social norms were more likely to report a personal norm conforming with the Swiss social norm, once they were aware that their reported opinion would be revealed to co-nationals. Yet, without being observed by their co-nationals, no significant effect was observed on reported personal norms by Afghan participants. We derive from these results that the social context plays an essential role when stating personal norms. Chapter 3 studies generalized trust which was found to be an important driver for cooperation. Using an investment game, we aimed to investigate whether the information provided about their compatriots' level of trust, and the knowledge that their trusting behavior is observed by their compatriots, influences refugees' inclination to trust others. Providing information on the trust behavior of participants from both home and host countries led Turkish refugees to adjust their trust level to be more in line with that by the Swiss. Being observed by their compatriots weakened this adjustment effect on their trust behavior. Being informed about the trust levels of their compatriots and the host country did not affect the trusting choices of Afghan participants. Surprisingly, providing this information together with the announcement that their own trusting choices would be (anonymously) revealed to all other Afghan participants made Afghan participants’ trusting behavior to be more in line with behavior among the Swiss
Harrington, Rose. "L'influence d'un écart perçu soi - autrui dans le changement social en matière de comportements pro-environnementaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0051.
Full textVarious reports from major scientific organisations emphasise the negative consequences of climate change for society and the planet (IPCC, 2019, 2022). They also point to the need for major social change to deal with this issue. A great deal of work in social psychology therefore focuses on individual's motivation to participate in social change, and act pro-environmentally. This research often focuses on two variables: personal attitudes and perceived social norms (Ajzen, 1991; Klöckner, 2013). When studying these two factors, researchers have, for the most part, looked at their principal effects on pro-environmental behaviour. Recent studies show, however, that these two factors can also interact. Some of these studies show that the targeted behaviour appears most often when attitudes and social norms are congruent, and are both in favour of the behaviour (Acock & Defleur, 1972; Fife-Shaw et al., 2007). Conversely, others have shown that perceiving a mismatch between favourable attitudes, and perceived social norms that are less pro-environmental, can also motivate action (Deffuant et al., 2022; Khamzina et al., 2021, 2023). In this thesis, we seek to explain the effect of this mismatch on pro-environmental behaviour. Based on the theories of constructive deviance (Packer, 2008; Packer & Chasteen, 2010) and active minorities (Moscovici et al., 1969; Moscovici & Lage, 1976), we hypothesize that this mismatch effect on pro-environmental behaviour can be explained by individuals' willingness to change social norms. Six studies were conducted to gain a better understanding of this mismatch effect, and to see whether its direct positive effect is mediated by individuals' willingness to change group norms. The results tend to show, firstly, that there is no direct relationship between this mismatch perception and pro-environmental intentions or behaviour. Secondly, even if the results are mixed, they suggest that its indirect effect via the willingness to change norms could play a greater role in motivating pro-environmental behaviour. These results are discussed and compared with other studies to better understand the place of the mismatch perception in the scientific literature on behaviour change. This comparison gives a better understanding of the results and provides an answer as to the theoretical and applied usefulness of the model
Javaid, Usman. "Routage et gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux personnels." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13570.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate methods and strategies for efficient routing and mobility management in personal environments. The concept of Personal Ubiquitous Environments (PUE) is introduced which accommodates heterogeneous devices and access networks of different users and sustain the notion of sharing resources in a distributed manner. A prerequisite for achieving the resource (devices, networks) sharing in personal environments is the deployment of suitable communication protocols which establish efficient multi-hop routes betweens the devices of the PUE. Personal Network Routing Protocol (PNRP) has been developed to perform policy-based routing in personal environments. Moreover, in certain personal networking scenarios, the infrastructure network components (i. E. Gateways) are more than one-hop distance from the user's devices; Adaptive Distributed gateway Discovery (ADD) protocol is thereby proposed to efficiently discover the multi-hop routes towards the gateway in a totally distributed manner. All the more, since the personal environments regroups heterogeneous access networks, an efficient mobility management architecture is proposed which offers unified location management and seamless handover experience to dynamic personal nodes. The proposed protocols are assessed by means of numerous communication scenarios; the simulation results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed protocols
Daoud, Mohammed. "L' exploration de la dimension personnelle dans la formation de l'enseignant algérien." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082418.
Full textThe psychological obstacles that have been encoutered by students in their training provoked reactions of dissatifaction. In addition to didactic preoccupation, the relational phenomena of educative situations become a field of inquiry too since in educative relationship every one of students and teachers are lookink for themselves. The teacher is brought to himself, to his feelings and fantasies. The student accedes to the feeling of identity recognized by others. To achieve this goal and throuht this paper,we want to dismount the global mechanims of current pedagogical relationship and to find the psychological basis
Jedidi, Azza. "Mise en oeuvre de nouveaux services dans le cadre du couplage d'un réseau de diffusion de télévision mobile personnelle et d'un réseau cellulaire 3G." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S142.
Full textNext generation networks aim to offer sophisticated and rich multimedia services, more and more demanding in terms of mobility, interactivity, data rate, etc. To deal with such constraints, next generation networks result from the convergence of different existing technologies, taking benefit from their complementary properties. In this context, this study addresses the coupling between a DVB-SH network and a 3G cellular network. On the one hand, DVB-SH offers very high broadcast capacities, suitable for mobile TV services. However, DVB is a unidirectional network. On the other hand, 3G network is bidirectional and provides service interactivity and personalization. The purpose of this study is to define innovative services that take benefit of the collaboration between 3G network and DVB-SH infrastructure. This contribution is constituted of three parts. In the first one, we define our DVB-SH/3G coupled network. In the second one, we present a service based on 3G popular content switching over DVB residual bandwidth. The service operating mechanisms are described. The transmission delay problem is presented and solution are proposed and evaluated. In the third part, we define a DVB-SH mobile TV services, enriched with 3G personalized contents. The challenges posed by a large scale deployment of the service are finally described together with our proposed solution
Gerl, Armin. "Modelling of a privacy language and efficient policy-based de-identification." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI105.
Full textThe processing of personal information is omnipresent in our datadriven society enabling personalized services, which are regulated by privacy policies. Although privacy policies are strictly defined by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), no systematic mechanism is in place to enforce them. Especially if data is merged from several sources into a data-set with different privacy policies associated, the management and compliance to all privacy requirements is challenging during the processing of the data-set. Privacy policies can vary hereby due to different policies for each source or personalization of privacy policies by individual users. Thus, the risk for negligent or malicious processing of personal data due to defiance of privacy policies exists. To tackle this challenge, a privacy-preserving framework is proposed. Within this framework privacy policies are expressed in the proposed Layered Privacy Language (LPL) which allows to specify legal privacy policies and privacy-preserving de-identification methods. The policies are enforced by a Policy-based De-identification (PD) process. The PD process enables efficient compliance to various privacy policies simultaneously while applying pseudonymization, personal privacy anonymization and privacy models for de-identification of the data-set. Thus, the privacy requirements of each individual privacy policy are enforced filling the gap between legal privacy policies and their technical enforcement
Morand, Émilie. "La gestion d'une identité « hors norme » dans la sphère professionnelle : l'exemple de l'homosexualité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB196.
Full textFew studies have been conducted on the handling of homosexuality by gays and lesbians within the working environment. The associations defending LGBT rights legitimately highlight the impact of homophobic working cultures on the visibility of gays and lesbians. Instead of using the apprehension of potential homophobic reactions as the sole explanatory factor, this thesis intends to place the choice of gays and lesbians within a wider series of issues and a more comprehensive logic. Regarding the way an individual handles their homosexuality at work, this thesis intends to identify what pertains to the individual's structure (and especially the place occupied by homosexuality in their global identity) and what pertains to the interactions (the working culture). From a series of interviews conducted with 53 men and women of diverse ages and working mainly in three professional sectors (forces of order, education, medical-social field), we could identify the different linkages between identity-related issues and working cultures. After studying how individuals handle their homosexuality outside of work, we studied the mobilizations of the professional environments. Finally, we studied how individuals act within the specific constraints of their working environment, based on their identity-related issues. This approach shed light on underlying and invisible norms existing in the professional worlds and gave the keys to understanding other « non-standard » identities in the professional environment
Hua, Thierry. "Les services de télécommunications multi-opérateurs : de la définition à la conception." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0004.
Full textCodron, Clemence. "La surveillance diffuse : entre Droit et Norme." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D002/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to understand how diffuse surveillance fits into the evolution of legal concepts of privacy and personal data. Contrary to the abundant literature on the subject of surveillance, it is not a questionhere of highlighting the need to find a balance between surveillance in its security dimension and the protection of privacy and data, as a fundamental freedom recognized by French and European institutions. This search for a balance between security and freedom must necessarily be overcome to understand the phenomenon of diffuse surveillance. Surveillance is no longer just a search for information about a potentially dangerous individual. Rather, it is a continuation of what Hannah Arendt calls the « crisis of culture ». Diffuse surveillance is even oneof the features of contemporary culture dominated by fear, consumption and alienation by technology. Having become the new accepted social norm, the diffuse surveillance deinstitutes the right of the personal data and the protection of the private life. Gradually, it also deinstitutes the Law to profit from the economic liberalism that it carries within it
Tanquerel, Sabrina. "Dépasser la norme sexuée des politiques d'équilibre vie professionnelle - vie personnelle en entreprise pour construire l'égalité professionnelle femmes-hommes : analyse de deux contextes contrastés : la France et l'Espagne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB020/document.
Full textThis PhD research aims at better understanding the link between work life balance policies and gender equality in the workplace. The objective is to understand how these measures can influence sexual roles division at work.By referring to the theoretical framework of social perceptions, our work is based on two main case studies, with 44 semi-oriented interviews “major tool to identify perceptions”, as the main method to collect data. We chose to conduct the two case studies in two different countries: France and Spain, because of their contrasted approach towards work life balance topic: rather traditional for France, more intrusive and individualized for Spain.The results highlight the heterogeneity and the gendered character of the employees’ perceptions of work life balance policies; those ones also appear to be strongly connected to the manager behavior and its management style. The categorization of perceptions (progressist/ traditionalist/ neutral/ hostile) contributes to a better understanding of their influence on gender equality, and reveals that inequalities awareness –stronger amongst Spanish employees- is a prior condition for a more equal work life balance
Berthet, Christianne. "Les blocs de branche gauche douloureux tachycardie-dependants a coronaires angiographiquement normales : a propos de 3 nouveaux cas personnels ; revue de la litterature." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M238.
Full textLambert-Slythe, Anne-Frédérique. "Évaluation de l'efficacité des interventions organisationnelles mises en oeuvre dans le cadre de la norme "Entreprises en santé" : Impacts sur la conciliation travail-vie personnelle et l'état de santé globale des travailleurs du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27942.
Full textImpact of the Quebec Healthy Enterprise Standard on work-life balance and self-rated health among employees Background and Objectives: Work-life balance (WLB) refers to the harmonization of one’s professional and personal roles. In Quebec, 40 to 47% of workers report work-life conflict; a state researchers suggest may be associated with various mental and physical health problems. An increasing number of companies are implementing measures to promote WLB, but their effects on workers’ health are not well known. Implemented in 2008, the Quebec Healthy Enterprise Standard (HES) targets four intervention areas, including WLB. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of HES implementation on workers’ WLB and their self-rated health (SRH). Methods: This was an intervention study with a before-after design. All active employees of ten Quebec companies were solicited to complete a questionnaire before (n=2849) and 24 to 38 months after (n=2560) HES implementation. Results: The overall results show a deterioration of WLB and SRH. Of the two companies that implemented specific interventions to promote WLB, only one implemented recognized interventions (flexible schedule and telecommute). In this company, a slight improvement in WLB as well as an increase in the prevalence of negative SRH was observed. The second company conducted information sessions on WLB and deterioration in WLB was observed. Conclusions: This is the first study to assess the association between implemented measures and WLB or SRH over such a long period of time and in such a large sample. The results of this study illustrate the need to and the importance of implementing concrete and recognized interventions in order to improve workers’ WLB and SRH.
Bawab, Hiba. "Power allocation in overlaid DVB-LTE systems." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0038/document.
Full textSince the launch of the first numerical mobile telecommunications networks in the nineties, the quantity of the transmitted data over the networks is increasing year by year. Advanced user equipments enable to implement more and more bandwidth consuming services such as mobile T and multimedia internet, available in the integreted mobile broadcast mode recently standardized by the 3GPP group. In the meanwhile, the digital vide broadcasting - next generation handled (DVB-NGH) has been released in order to satisfy the increasing demand for mobile TV. These technologies compete for a more and more constrained spectral resource leading to question the possibility to deploy DVB and Long Term Evolution (LTE) service in a spectral overlay mode as it has been investigated by the Ml project funded by the National Research Agency. In this context, this thesis aims at studying the spectral convergence between DVB and LTE networks by deploying a small LTE cell in a large DVB cell. Both technologies present some similarities, i.e. both use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform (in downlink for LTE), but technical characteristics remain rather different between those. In this work, we deal with achievable performance when DVB and LTE spectrally overlap without cooperation. The considered problem being analog to the Seconda1y User (SU) - Primary User (PU) coexistence in overlay scenario, the SU ergodic capacity under average power generated on PU and peak power at SU constaints is investigated. An analytic solution is proposed in X-Channel with Rayleigh fading. In a second time, SU and PU are considered to be LTE and DVB respectively with their particular OFDM signal characteristics. With a first model of overlapping subcarriers, LTE and DVB ergodic capacities and global capacity as well are derived in closed form allowing to study the influence of several system parameters on ergodic capacities. The global capacity is then optimized using a convex-concave procedure leading to the minimum on the global capacity but to balanced capacity on individual links. On a second hand, global capacity maximization leads to favor one system over the other. Last but not least, a careful study of the interference caused by one system over the other by partial overlay is led. The effect of spectral overlap ratio between DVB and LTE systems over the global spectral efficiency is investigated. Advanced interference rejection ability is then assumed at receivers and the optimal spectral overlap, i.e. maximizing the global capacity, is then derived in that case. The different contributions in this work give a theoretical approach on the power allocation modality of two coexisting DVB and LTE systems and on the appropriate spectral overlap ratio between their respective spectrums. This study can be useful for operators interested in dense network deployment scenarios to decide the operating point of allocated resources in a very aggressive frequency reuse pattern
Fam, Pape Abdoulaye. "Modélisation, analyse et optimisation de réseaux hybrides unicast-broadcast pour la diffusion de services multimédias linéaires et non linéaires." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0002/document.
Full textThe increasing popularity of linear multimedia services such as mobile TV, broadcasting live and sports events to mobile and portable devices, has led to a dramatic growth of the mobile data traffic. Indeed, the reason of this growth is related to the consumption of video content either as a linear service (live TV) or as a non-linear service (time-shifted or on demand), by many users on different devices (tablets, smartphones, laptops, etc.) connected to a cellular network. In cellular networks, these types of services are usually delivered over unicast connections, i.e. as many times as the number of users. This strategy is likely to lead to critical situations, e.g. network congestion at the expense of the quality of service. Thus, to deal with this mobile data traffic explosion and the lack of frequency bands, operators need to densify their radio access network infrastructure (RAN) and deploy heterogeneous and hybrid access networks using multiple technologies (WiFi / small cell (3G / 4G)), that enable data offloading.In this context, this thesis focuses on the definition and optimization of a hybrid network, where a unicast network (LTE) and a broadcast network (DVB-T2 Lite, DVB-NGH, LTE-eMBMS, etc.) cooperate to deliver multimedia content to mobile and portable devices.Firstly, we focus on the modeling and simulation of the hybrid unicast-broadcast network for the delivery of linear services. We consider a coverage extension scenario, where the coverage area of the broadcast network can be adjusted with respect to the distribution of the users and the number of users requesting the service. Using the TU-Wien system level simulator, we evaluate the performance of the hybrid network in terms of capacity, power consumption and energy efficiency.Secondly, with the proposed model, we provide a theoretical method to find an analytical expression of the broadcast coverage area that optimizes the service capacity, the power consumption and the energy efficiency of the hybrid network with respect to the quality of service requirements. Indeed, the theoretical results are in agreements with the simulation ones. Based on the proposed model, we analyze the impact of the number of users requesting the service on the optimal broadcast coverage area.Finally, we focus on the extension of the proposed hybrid network for the delivery of the non-linear services such as video on demand and file download services. We state an optimization problem regarding the constraints of these non-linear services, especially the waiting and downloading time and the transmission errors. This thesis provides great insights on the potential benefits that such hybrid approaches may bring in a context of “4G advanced” and “5G” networks where the UHF broadcasting spectrum is under pressure for being partly or completely attributed to mobile broadband operators due to the predicted explosion of the mobile data traffic
Abdel-Razzac, Amal. "Cooperation between LTE and emergent DVB technologies for an efficient delivery of mobile TV." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066036/document.
Full textThe broadcast/cellular cooperation for a common delivery of Mobile TV is at the heart of the emerging mobile broadcast technologies, namely the mobile extension of the second generation digital video broadcasting for terrestrial reception (DVB-T2 Lite) and its follower DVB-Next Generation Handheld (DVB-NGH). These broadcast technologies aim to cooperate with the Long Term Evolution (LTE), as the latter is intended to be the bearer of Mobile TV thanks to its enhanced-Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service feature (e-MBMS). Even though the 3GPP/DVB cooperation is not a new topic and was investigated with the introduction of the previous DVB technology, known as DVB-Handheld (DVB-H), most of the works addressing this issue considered a common service area covered by both DVB and cellular systems and focused solely on the impact of such cooperation in terms of capacity gains brought by 3GPP and error repair gains brought by DVB. This strategy was judged to be expensive since a new and very dense DVB network was needed. In order to overcome this problem and decrease as much as possible the need for a new broadcast network, we propose in this thesis a hybrid DVB/LTE network with a coverage extension strategy, where the LTE system, planned for almost a universal coverage, is used to deliver Mobile TV in areas not covered by recent DVB-T2 Lite (or eventually DVB-NGH) network. In this context, we explore two main issues:1. Mobile TV services have to share LTE resources with other higher priority services such as voice traffic. The dynamicity of the latter will impact the Quality of Service (QoS) of Mobile TV. We propose a new QoS-based planning for the hybrid DVB/LTE so as to guarantee an acceptable watching experience without over-dimensioning the LTE system. We derive using Markov chain analysis and hitting time theory, several QoS metrics pertaining to mobile TV performance, such as interruption frequency and duration.2. A new business model which clarifies the relationships between the different actors of the ecosystem namely DVB and LTE operators as well as the TV channel providers and constructs the service area from an economic point of view is needed. In fact, the absence of a clear and viable economic model that resolves the monetary conflicts between cellular and broadcast operators was one of the main drawbacks behind the failure of the first attempt of mobile TV delivery by cooperating UMTS/DVB-H. We develop in this thesis a profit sharing strategy for the cooperative network, using coalition game concept Shapley value and Nash equilibrium for a self-enforcing strategy. We further develop a new framework using real option theory coupled with coalition games for investment decision in mobile TV networks (whether an operator should enter the mobile TV market and, if yes, when to do so) and show how operators can incorporate the uncertainties related to demand and network operation costs. We propose a bi-level dynamic programming algorithm to solve numerically the developed real option game
Dulong, de Rosnay Melanie. "La mise à disposition des œuvres et des informations sur les réseaux : régulation juridique et régulation technique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Assas - Paris II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666307.
Full textAbdel-Razzac, Amal. "Cooperation between LTE and emergent DVB technologies for an efficient delivery of mobile TV." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066036.pdf.
Full textThe broadcast/cellular cooperation for a common delivery of Mobile TV is at the heart of the emerging mobile broadcast technologies, namely the mobile extension of the second generation digital video broadcasting for terrestrial reception (DVB-T2 Lite) and its follower DVB-Next Generation Handheld (DVB-NGH). These broadcast technologies aim to cooperate with the Long Term Evolution (LTE), as the latter is intended to be the bearer of Mobile TV thanks to its enhanced-Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service feature (e-MBMS). Even though the 3GPP/DVB cooperation is not a new topic and was investigated with the introduction of the previous DVB technology, known as DVB-Handheld (DVB-H), most of the works addressing this issue considered a common service area covered by both DVB and cellular systems and focused solely on the impact of such cooperation in terms of capacity gains brought by 3GPP and error repair gains brought by DVB. This strategy was judged to be expensive since a new and very dense DVB network was needed. In order to overcome this problem and decrease as much as possible the need for a new broadcast network, we propose in this thesis a hybrid DVB/LTE network with a coverage extension strategy, where the LTE system, planned for almost a universal coverage, is used to deliver Mobile TV in areas not covered by recent DVB-T2 Lite (or eventually DVB-NGH) network. In this context, we explore two main issues:1. Mobile TV services have to share LTE resources with other higher priority services such as voice traffic. The dynamicity of the latter will impact the Quality of Service (QoS) of Mobile TV. We propose a new QoS-based planning for the hybrid DVB/LTE so as to guarantee an acceptable watching experience without over-dimensioning the LTE system. We derive using Markov chain analysis and hitting time theory, several QoS metrics pertaining to mobile TV performance, such as interruption frequency and duration.2. A new business model which clarifies the relationships between the different actors of the ecosystem namely DVB and LTE operators as well as the TV channel providers and constructs the service area from an economic point of view is needed. In fact, the absence of a clear and viable economic model that resolves the monetary conflicts between cellular and broadcast operators was one of the main drawbacks behind the failure of the first attempt of mobile TV delivery by cooperating UMTS/DVB-H. We develop in this thesis a profit sharing strategy for the cooperative network, using coalition game concept Shapley value and Nash equilibrium for a self-enforcing strategy. We further develop a new framework using real option theory coupled with coalition games for investment decision in mobile TV networks (whether an operator should enter the mobile TV market and, if yes, when to do so) and show how operators can incorporate the uncertainties related to demand and network operation costs. We propose a bi-level dynamic programming algorithm to solve numerically the developed real option game
French, Bourgeois Laura. "Désalignement entre valeurs sociétales et comportements : les rôles de la planification et des valeurs personnelles dans l’usage des normes injonctives pour inciter le vote." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22683.
Full text李萬晉. "The Study of Military Legal Norms in Qing Dynasty – Focus on the Military Personnel's Enrollment, Earnings, Merit and Military Act." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6shmys.
Full text國立政治大學
法律學系
106
This study tries to explore the following five military legal norms: enrollment, earnings, merits, awards and military act in Qing Dynasty. The major references are Regulations of Military Testing (Wǔchǎng tiáolì), Regulations of Population (Hù bù zé lì), Regulations of Ministry of Military Affairs (Bīngbù chǔfèn zé lì), The Textual Research of General History in Qing Dynasty (Wénxiàn tōng kǎo), and Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty (Dà qīng lǜ lì). After reviewing the military county test as coded in Regulations of Military Testing, the admission rate is less than 4% and there are three proviences (i.e., Jiangxi, Zhèjiāng. Shùntiān) that donate huge amount of money to gain more headcounts allowed for being admitted. Among them, the Jiangxi provience donates most but the overall admission rate goes downwards instead of upwards; hence, it is obviously unfair to the Jiangxi provience even the whole system is articulated planned. In addition, the controlling span for military officers of Green Banners (Lùyíng) is much larger than the Eight Banners (Bāqí); therefore, the management pressure for Green Banners’ officers is also higher. Nevertheless, the military capability for Green Banners’ officers is not enhanced even they have more soliders under their supervision. As for the military ranking system, Qing government follows Qiánlóng’s direction and makes it identical to the administrative ranking system with nine grades and eighteen layers. Examining in details, some grades and layers for Green Banners are not actually filled with military positions. For the compensation packages of military personnel, there are certain discripencies between Lùyíng and Bāqí according to the information recorded in the Regulations of Populations. As it is difficult to directly compare the compensation pacakages by items between Lùyíng and Bāqí; consequently, it is necessary to convert the data into uniform standards before the comparision of two kinds of military units can be made and it is believed that such difficulties are intentionally created by the Qing Dynasty. As the data shows, for most of the areas located with military forces, soliders of Bāqí get higher compenstation than the Lùyíng. For the nourishing honesty silver (Yanglianyin) offered to the military officers, its name was firstly coined as compensation for accompany soliders of military officers and finally fixed by Qianlong after a long period of evolution . After Yanglianyin is institutionalized, the military officers are entitled to a fixed amount of compensation but such offer also raises the military expenses for the Qing Dynasty and plants the seed for military headcounts cut in the later years. In the meantime, the government is wised enough to cut the Yanglianyin when the officers fail to perform their duties or to cut a certain percentage of the Yanglianyin in order that Qing Dynasty can fight against with the rebels with saved expenses. Either way has helped the Qing Dynasty to better manage its difficult financial situation. For the merits and awards issues, Qing government sets up rules to give credits, honor and even financial bonus to those military personnel in recognition of their remarkable achievements. The rules are coded in the Regulations of Ministry of Military Affairs. In case the military personnel is wounded, crippled, or deceased, the Qing government also has well planned consolation payment system to support those soldiers in order to encourage them to move forward in the battle field without fear of losing their lives. The merit system is majorly focused on the advance merit, water battle merit, carrying flag merit, and charging wall merit. The consolation payment system will also take place when the military personnel is injured, crippled or even deceased. The Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty also has article aims at giving better support to those who lost their family members in the military units. The military act is primarily coded in the Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty and Regulations of Ministry of Military Affairs. The military governance section of the Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty has twenty-one articles and forty-two ordinances. As the law is transplanted from the Ming Dynasty, all the small notes added by the Shùnzhì, in his 3rd year, is to help the Qing officers to better understand and execute the Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty. Further enhancement was made still to the Legal Codes of Qing Dynastry till the 9th year of Tóngzhì . The Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty and Regulations of Ministry of Military Affairs in this study are regarded as the Codified Code and other oral disciplines or military orders given before the battle are regarded as the non- Codified Code. As the the Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty and Regulations of Ministry of Military Affairs are mutually complementary, it is necessary to make cross reference of these two rules before making the final judgement. Overall speaking, this study explores five themes of the military legal norms related to military officers. All of them are equipped with proper legal regulations to deal with concerned issues. The major legal codes are the Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty and the Regulatons of each ministries. However, the Regulation will be revised on regularly basis but the Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty can only be attached with additional ordinances. As the Regulatins have gain more prestigious position over the the Legal Codes of Qing Dynasty, it is better to make judgements according to the Regulatons unless the cases are more related to the criminal penalties.
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