Academic literature on the topic 'Norme (morale) – Europe'
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Journal articles on the topic "Norme (morale) – Europe"
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Bompiani, Adriano. "L’Italia e la “Dichiarazione di Amsterdam” sui diritti dei pazienti." Medicina e Morale 47, no. 1 (February 28, 1998): 47–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1998.843.
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In questo lavoro si compie un’analisi della “Dichiarazione sulla promozione dei diritti dei pazienti in Europa”, redatta da un gruppo di esperti sotto gli auspici dell’Ufficio Regionale Europeo dell’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (OMS) nella riunione tenutasi ad Amsterdam (28-30 marzo 1994). L’iniziativa dell’OMS dimostra il crescente interesse degli Stati appartenenti alla Regione Europea a rendere comparabili le norme degli ordinamenti interni concernenti l’accesso e l’utilizzazione da parte dei pazienti dei servizi sanitari, venendo incontro non solamente ad ormai codificati diritti soggettivi della persona umana, ma anche a legittime aspirazioni di miglioramento della qualità e dei rapporti umani nell’assistenza.
Richiamata la lunga serie delle “Dichiarazioni sui diritti dell’uomo” proclamate in diversi documenti internazionali di alto valore morale, e le parallele dichiarazioni riguardanti i “diritti dei pazienti”, l’analisi prosegue delineando i contenuti fondamentali della Dichiarazione di Amsterdam e valutandoli sotto il profilo etico-giuridico.
Si è cercato anche di verificare - brevemente - le analogie intercorrenti fra detta “Dichiarazione di Amsterdam” e la “Carta dei servizi pubblici sanitari”, strumento che intende attuare l’art. 14 del D. Leg. n. 502/1992 (e successive modificazioni ed integrazioni). “Riordino della disciplina in materia sanitaria, a norma dell’art.1 della legge 23 ottobre 1992 n. 421”. L’art. 14, come è noto, ha per oggetto i “Diritti dei cittadini”.
L’applicazione dei principi solennemente dichiarati nei vari documenti esaminati richiede - ormai - una convinta adesione ai postulati dell’etica della cura, interpretati nella tradizione personalista.
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SHEBALDINA, Galina. "THE RELEASE OF PRISONERS: BASED ON MATERIALS FROM PEACE AGREEMENTS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND SWEDEN IN THE 16TH–18TH CENTURIES." Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, no. 4 (27) (2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2021-4-82-90.
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Establishing legal norms regulating the status and position of prisoners of war was a protracted process. It started out as traditions, customs, and practical experiences accumulated during military conflicts. As time went by, the development of humane outlooks, in Europe strongly influenced by Christian morals and ethics, resulted in changes to the status and situation of prisoners. The article traces this process in detail, considering the relevant treaties concluded by Russia and Sweden in the 16th-18th centuries following the end of military conflicts between the two states. This research helps discover prerequisites for shaping a unified international law on prisoners-of-war in the late 19th – early 20th centuries.
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Vaughan, Kenneth R. "Religious Moral Communities or Secular Tolerance? Individual-, National-, and Regional-Level Explanations for Restrictive Refugee Policy Preferences in Europe." Sociology of Religion 82, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 305–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sraa059.
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Abstract Religious communities can encourage generosity toward strangers. In these communities, such norms are high among religious individuals and nonadherents. It remains unclear how these norms inform policy. Recent refugee crises provide critical tests of how charitable values translate into political preferences. As Europe experiences turmoil over the acceptance and integration of Muslim refugees, I ask how religion affects preferences regarding refugee admissions. I find that marginalized religious groups among new immigrants offer the highest levels of support for admitting refugees. Catholics are more restrictive than religious nones regarding policy preferences, while there are mixed results comparing nones to other Christian denominations. However, for Catholics and most other Christians, generous policy preferences increase with higher rates of religious service attendance. Respondents offer more generous policy preferences in regions with higher rates of Protestant and Catholic affiliation and in nations with higher Protestant affiliation. Restrictive preferences increase with regional and national percent unaffiliated.
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Richard, Stéphane. "L’autonomie et l’exercice du jugement professionnel chez les travailleuses sociales : substrat d’un corpus bibliographique." Reflets 19, no. 2 (January 7, 2014): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021182ar.
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Dans les écrits que nous avons consultés et qui visent à analyser les causes structuro-organisationnelles de la souffrance psychique et morale, les répercussions qui découlent des conditions de travail difficiles, voire les moyens auxquels les travailleuses sociales ont recours pour y faire face, les questions de l’autonomie et de l’exercice du jugement professionnel furent bien souvent abordées. En effet, et particulièrement depuis la reconfiguration de l’action publique amorcée par la nouvelle gestion publique à la fin des années 1980, la recension des écrits en Europe et en Amérique du Nord sur le sujet établit des liens entre la managérialisation des services de santé et des services sociaux et l’émergence d’un choc des épistémés capable d’interpeller les travailleuses sociales sur ce qu’elles font, sur ce qui a de l’importance pour elles, sur les responsabilités et les obligations qui sont les leurs dans leur travail. Il y aurait une tension de plus en plus vive entre les normes déontologiques et organisationnelles qui s’appliquent à départager la régulation des activités professionnelles des travailleuses sociales au travail. Pour ne pas devenir de simples exécutantes, les travailleuses sociales sont plus que jamais appelées à se mobiliser afin de préserver leur espace clinique, leur autonomie, bref, leur jugement professionnel.
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Carnevale, Franco A., and Irma Manjavidze. "Examining the complementarity of ‘children’s rights’ and ‘bioethics’ moral frameworks in pediatric health care." Journal of Child Health Care 20, no. 4 (July 26, 2016): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493515605173.
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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child has inspired numerous initiatives to recognize children’s health-related rights. Whereas children’s rights have served as the dominant moral framework for child health concerns in Europe, pediatric bioethics has emerged as the principal framework used in North America. Despite their similarities, these two frameworks differ significantly. Children’s rights initiatives tend to be universalist, highlighting substantive standards for all children, while pediatric bioethics has developed norms, models, and procedures for the ethical analysis and management of individual cases. The aim of this article is to critically examine the respective contributions and intersections of children’s rights and pediatric bioethics moral frameworks in child health. We describe our collaboration bridging our work with these two frameworks to address pediatric health-care concerns in the Republic of Georgia. We conclude with recommendations for how the complementarity of these two frameworks can be further bridged and promoted internationally.
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Teoría y Realidad Constitucional. "Libros recibidos." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 34 (July 1, 2014): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.34.2014.14075.
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RESEÑAS de : Alguacil González-Aurioles, Jorge, Gutiérrez Gutiérrez, Ignacio (eds.), Constitución: norma y realidad. Teoría constitucional para Antonio López Pina, Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2014, 493 págs. Carmonas Contreras, Ana (Dir.), El lugar de las macro-regiones en el marco de la cooperación territorial europea: presente y futuro, Consejería de la Presidencia.Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, 2014. Castellá Andreu, Josep M.a (ed.), Derecho constitucional básico, Barcelona: Huygens, 2014. Cea Navas, Ana Isabel / Enríquez Sánchez, José María (eds.), El ciudadano espectador: derechos humanos y cine, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, Servicio de Publicaciones, Valladolid, 2012. Enríquez Sánchez, José María; Muñoz de Baena Simón, José Luis; Otero León, Lourdes; Pérez Rodríguez, Cristina; Santos Esteban, Ana Belén; Ferrari Nieto, Enrique, Educación plena en Derechos Humanos, Madrid, Trotta, 2014. Fiss, Owen, Los mandatos de la justicia. Ensayos sobre Derecho y derechos humanos,Marcial Pons, Madrid, 2013. Fondevilla Marón, Manuel: La disolución de la soberanía en el ámbito estatal, Reus, Madrid, 2014. Gómez Corona, Esperanza: La propia imagen como categoría constitucional, Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, Navarra, 2014. González Trevijano, Pedro J. / Núñez Rivero, Cayetano / Goig Martínez, Juan Manuel, El Estado autonómico español, Dyckinson, Madrid, 2014, p. 241. Gutiérrez, Ignacio/ Alguacil, Jorge / Reviriego, Fernando / Salvador, María, Elementos de Derecho constitucional español, Marcial Pons, Madrid, 2014. Gutiérrez Gutiérrez, Ignacio (Coord.). La democracia indignada: tensiones entre voluntad popular y representación política, Comares, Granada, 2014, XVI + 157 págs. Hauriou, Maurice, La soberanía nacional, Marcial Pons, Madrid, 2013. López Pina, Antonio. El orden de la información, Lisboa: Juruá, 2013. Martín Morales, Ricardo: Las propiedades paradójicas del Derecho constitucional, Cívitas Thomson Reuters, 2013 Martín Oviedo, José María, El Consejo de Estado durante el régimen constitucional (1808 -2012), Consejo de Estado y Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado, Madrid, 2013. Martínez Otero, Juan M.ª La protección jurídica de los menores en el entorno audiovisual. Respuestas desde el Derecho a los desafíos de los nuevos medios audiovisuales y digitales, Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, Navarra, 2013. Niño Estébanez, Roberto. La ejecución en España de las sentencias del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, Madrid: Fe d’erratas 2014. Pinelli, Cesare / Presno, Miguel, Crisis de la representación y nuevas vías de participación política, Fundación Coloquio Jurídico Europeo, Madrid, 2014. Polo Sabau, José Ramón, El estatuto de las confesiones religiosas en el Derecho de la Unión Europea, Dykinson, Madrid, 2014. Polo Sabau, José Ramón, Dimensiones de la libertad religiosa en el Derecho español, Bosch, 2014. Requejo Rodríguez, Paloma, Derechos y espacio público, Oviedo: Procuradora General del Principado de Asturias/Universidad de Oviedo, 2013. Ruipérez Alamillo, Javier, Reforma versus revolución. Consideraciones desde la teoría del Estado y de la Constitución sobre los límites materiales a la revisión constitucional,Porrúa, México, 2014. Sáenz Royo, Eva, Desmontando mitos sobre el Estado Autonómico, Marcial Pons, Madrid. Barcelona, 2014. Serra Giménez, Francisco, El Derecho en la época constitucional. Un ensayo de interpretación, Madrid, Dykinson, 2013. Sosa Wagner, Francisco, Juristas y enseñanzas alemanas I, 1945-1975, Marcial Pons, Madrid, 2013.
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Kleist, Nauja. "Disrupted migration projects: the moral economy of involuntary return to Ghana from Libya." Africa 87, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 322–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000197201600098x.
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AbstractThis article contributes to the theorization of involuntary return and moral economies in the context of economic crisis and vulnerability prompted by restrictive migration regimes and conflicts. Drawing on fieldwork in a rural town in Ghana where international labour migration is an established livelihood, it analyses deportations from North Africa, Israel and Europe and emergency return from Libya following the civil war in 2011. The article argues that return to the home town, rather than being detained or stuck en route, constitutes a particular context precisely because migrants face family and community expectations upon their return. Involuntary return constitutes a disruption of migration projects when migrants return empty-handed, going from being remitters to burdens for their families. This creates conflicts and disappointments within family and the local community, especially in relation to norms of provision and gender ideals. The paper highlights three effects of the moral economy of involuntary return. First, that involuntary return does not constitute a priori termination of migration, as many involuntary return migrants migrate again, often in high-risk ways. Second, it discusses the ambivalence of reciprocity and interdependency in families. And third, it shows how involuntary return challenges dominant ideals of masculinity.
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Marossi, Walter. "Paolo Valera, il cantore dei bassifondi." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 54, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 256–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585820910086.
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Personaggio a tutto tondo, giornalista, scrittore e sobillatore sociale, Valera esprime la sua vitalità umana e artistica tra la fine dell’Ottocento e il primo quarto del Novecento. Benché il suo protagonismo si esprima quasi esclusivamente all’interno della realtà milanese, per contenuti e diffusione, la sua opera letteraria può a ragione essere ritenuta di interesse nazionale. Ebbe la capacità di immergersi nelle immondizie e contraddizioni umane del suo tempo, in particolare quelle di alcune città europee, tra le quali Milano, senza restarne contaminato. La sua dirittura morale, nonostante l’inesauribile serie di querele, confini, arresti ai quali fu sottoposto dal potere costituito e dai borghesi del tempo, non fu infatti mai messa in questione da nessuno. Di interesse storico il sodalizio con Mussolini, prima che questi saltasse definitivamente il fosso della reazione e delle politiche contrarie agli interessi del mondo del lavoro. Benedetto Croce non volle considerare la sua vasta opera “letteratura”; ebbe probabilmente ragione se per letteratura si intendono testi codificati sulla base di canoni fissati dalla “norma” del tempo nel quale si scrive. Tuttavia, Valera, come è ampiamente documentato nella parte finale di questo saggio, registra da mezzo secolo nuova vita, fatta di ristampe, riletture, dibattiti, saggi critici. Il suo stile infiammato ed eccessivo, i contenuti dei suoi lavori, tornano probabilmente di attualità nel nostro tempo.
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Dehghanpour, Ali, and Zeinab Rezvani. "The profile of unethical insurance customers: a European perspective." International Journal of Bank Marketing 33, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 298–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-12-2013-0143.
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Purpose – Although perceived as a wrong act, insurance fraud is a prevalent phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to understand the psychological factors that lead to reporting an exaggerated/false insurance claim would enable insurance companies and policy makers to devise better preventive policies. Design/methodology/approach – Utilizing data-driven clustering techniques on psychological and demographic measures from 985 insurance customers in Europe, this study outlines profiles of segments of customers as it relates to dishonesty in dealing with insurance companies. The segmentation criteria include attitude toward insurance fraud, perceived probability of punishment, basic human values and morals, religiosity, life satisfaction and demographic characteristics. Findings – Results reveal the existence of four market segments. The segments include non-conservatives (sensitive to both perception of wrong behavior and the monetary payoff for a fraudulent claim), self-protectionists (sensitive to the probability of being caught), hedonists (sensitive to the personal pleasure and monetary payoffs for insurance fraud) and socially focused individuals (sensitive to social norms regarding admitting to having committed insurance fraud). Among the demographic variables, only education and among psychological variables, universalism, hedonism, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence, moral philosophy, religiosity, perceived probability of punishment and attitude toward insurance fraud were significantly different among the four identified segments. Practical implications – Specific policies are proposed in order to prevent insurance fraud, tailored to the specific profile of each segment. Originality/value – Using a psychological perspective and a data-driven methodology, this study identifies four heterogeneous segments of unethical insurance customers with dissimilar values, attitudes toward fraud and perception of punishment probability.
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Janeček, Petr. "Prague ghostlore of the late 19th century. Suburban ghosts between moral panic and vernacular spectacle." Estudis de Literatura Oral Popular / Studies in Oral Folk Literature, no. 11 (January 9, 2023): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/elop202211-29.
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In the mid-1870s, a wave of popular urban hauntings in public spaces swept across Europe. These included sightings of the Park Ghost in Sheffield in 1873 and the Westminster Christ Church Ghost in London in 1874. In early December 1874, probably the most famous Czech ghost, the Podskalí Apparition (Podskalské strašidlo), was born. This haunting was followed by that of similar but less popular ghosts that appeared in industrial, working-class Prague neighborhoods in 1876 and 1907, respectively. This paper analyzes newspaper articles from this period about these apparitions and their later depictions in Czech popular culture, and interprets these phenomena as local variants of the so-called “prowling ghosts”, a particular type of suburban phantom documented by current historiographical research on 19th-century ghostlore in England. The paper then describes how these Prague ghosts were utilized socially by two completely different cultural practices. On one hand, these hauntings were used by working-class people as vernacular spectacles and improvised festivities related to pranks, the symbolic occupation of public space, and Czech nationalism. For the middle classes and period newspapers loyal to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, on the other hand, unruly mobs converging on the sites of supposed hauntings were a threat to established social norms and triggered both moral panics and public scorn of these “ghost hunters”. However, this attitude changed quickly when these events entered popular culture in the form of popular songs and, later, memoirs and literature. Between the Belle Époque at the First World War, these famous Prague hauntings were the staple for nostalgic longing in the last few decades of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Norme (morale) – Europe"
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Ishac, Wadiaa. "Mettre fin à la vie Entre Europe & USA. : étude juridico - éthique, Europe & Etats-Unis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLP011.
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Notre étude sur la fin de vie a suivi quatre phases distinctes: une analyse des législations relatives à la fin de vie en Europe et aux États-Unis, une étude des affaires européennes et américaines pertinentes, une exploration des normes chrétiennes concernant la souffrance et le suicide, et une analyse des normes morales laïques portant sur ces sujets. Nous avons par la suite constaté que même les lois les plus progressistes actuellement en vigueur concernant le droit de choisir sa fin de vie présentent des lacunes, surtout en ce qui concerne l'évaluation des souffrances mentales. Cependant, elles ont le mérite de reconnaître les douleurs physiques insupportables des personnes en fin de vie, sans espoir de guérison. En fait, cette reconnaissance a été catalysée par les décisions des tribunaux qui ont traité différents cas. En conséquence, il apparaît que privilégier une approche au cas par cas en ce qui concerne la fin de vie est plus approprié. Cette approche permet une prise en compte plus attentive des circonstances individuelles ainsi que des convictions existentielles spécifiques à chaque individuOur study on end-of-life issues followed four distinct phases: an analysis of end-of-life legislations in Europe and the United States, a study of relevant European and American cases, an exploration of Christian standards regarding suffering and suicide, and an analysis of secular moral standards concerning these subjects. Subsequently, we found that even the most progressive laws currently in force regarding the right to choose one's end of life have shortcomings, especially concerning the assessment of mental suffering. However, they have the merit of recognizing the unbearable physical pain of individuals at the end of life, without hope of recovery. In fact, this recognition has been catalyzed by court decisions addressing various cases. Consequently, it appears that favoring a case-by-case approach regarding end-of-life issues is more appropriate. This approach allows for a more careful consideration of individual circumstances as well as specific existential beliefs of each individual
Books on the topic "Norme (morale) – Europe"
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Mosse, George L. Nationalism and sexuality: Middle-class morality and sexual norms in modern Europe. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the night. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1995.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the night: The Diver version. New York: Garland, 1991.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the night: The Melarky and Kelly versions. New York: Garland, 1990.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the night. New York: Collier Books, 1986.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the night: A romance. London: Penguin Books, 1998.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the Night. London: Penguin Group UK, 2008.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the night. Ware: Wordsworth Edns., 1994.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the night. Richmond: Oneworld Classics, 2011.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tendre est la nuit. Paris: P. Belfond, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Norme (morale) – Europe"
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Wiślicz, Tomasz. "“Unnecessary Conversations”: Talking Sex in the Early Modern Polish Village." In Tracing Private Conversations in Early Modern Europe, 263–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46630-4_10.
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AbstractThis chapter shows us how early modern Polish peasants used to discuss sex. Despite the rules of decorum, conversations about sex were still conducted in private, intimate settings. However, because sexual life was strictly regulated by law and some forms of intimate behaviour were prosecuted by the local judiciary, it was not uncommon for these private conversations to find their way into the interrogation protocols of people accused of transgressing moral norms. Those records are compared and contrasted with folk ditties on sexual themes, which were recorded contemporaneously by proto-folklorists. The chapter shows the potential of cross-referencing different sources to gain access to early modern peasant conversations, especially when it comes to themes deemed to be intimate or taboo.
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Futák-Campbell, Beatrix. "EU foreign policy as a vocation for Europe." In Practising EU Foreign Policy. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719095894.003.0006.
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This chapter focus on the moral concerns of practitioners regarding the eastern neighbourhood. The normative power literature deliberately decouples norms from values. But this chapter demonstrates that in practice it is impossible to do so. The EU practitioners demonstrate how they operationalise their specific moral concerns for the eastern neighbourhood. Their norm deployments are consistent with Legro, Buzan and Zizek’s claims of norm use. In addition, the analysis reveals instances when practitioners risk sounding moralising rather than moral. This is highly problematic for two reasons. First, moralising endangers alienating neighbouring states who align themselves with the EU but do not want to receive a lecture by EU practitioners. Second, if the EU cannot deliver on specific commitments, this will have implications for its status with regards to support for democracy or human rights in the region.
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Farrall, Stephen, and Susanne Karstedt. "The Contours of European Moral Economies." In Respectable Citizens - Shady Practices, 207–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595037.003.0010.
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This chapter draws on data from the European Social Survey, which was based on the original survey and explored the economic morality and middle-class crime for twenty-five countries in Europe. Levels of victimization and offending differ widely across Europe and its regions. Importantly, we find that more affluent and equal countries with larger middle classes also have higher levels of offending and victimization, as well as overlap between both. Opportunities combined with greed might be the factors that shape the moral economies at the centre of European societies. Perceptions of unfairness and abuse of power by business are decisive determinants of allegiance to norms and rules, distrust in many institutions which operate in the marketplace and fear of being victimized in European countries. Regulation and oversight of business and empowerment of consumers therefore are identified as reasonable routes to reduce losses from widespread fraud and shady practices by citizens and consumers.
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Eder, Klaus, and Bernhard Giesen. "Conclusion Citizenship and the Making of a European Society: From the Political to the Social Integration of Europe." In European Citizenship between National Legacies and Postnational Projects, 245–69. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199241200.003.0011.
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Abstract Europe is more than a system of legal norms and rules and political institutions which regulate European citizenship. Europe is also a symbolic space where projections and memories, the collective experiences and identifications of the people of Europe are represented. Europe has a cultural meaning. There are three different motives in addressing European citizenship as being more than an administrative matter. It is first of all a concept which raises moral concerns about justice and democracy, and which conveys a sense of transnational universalism. These non-legal elements of citizenship are at the basis of the hope and despair that accompany the discourse on European citizenship. The expectations in terms of political participation and social justice put on national citizenship provoke the question of whether European citizenship can realize what national citizenship rights have succeeded in doing: the creation of a largely stable system of political freedom and social justice.
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Kumar, Victor, and Richmond Campbell. "Inclusivity." In A Better Ape, 200–225. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197600122.003.0010.
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Some examples of moral exclusivity are: (1) chattel slavery in the British Empire and the United States, (2) anti-Black racism in the United States since the Civil War, (3) homophobia before its decline during the past few decades in North America and Europe, (4) transphobia in these same places, and (5) speciesism in factory farming worldwide. Moral progress was eventually achieved in the first case, slow progress in the second, sudden progress recently in the third, at best moral stasis in the fourth, and moral regress in the fifth. What best explains progress or its absence is a feedback loop between (a) morality, (b) social structure, and (c) knowledge. It best explains the gains and losses in inclusivity where the relevant knowledge is of facts needed to apply moral norms consistently. Progress when possible is at best incremental. The final section addresses the objection that rational moral change so conceived is morally conservative.
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Jansen, Nils, and Reinhard Zimmermann. "Illegality." In Commentaries on European Contract Laws. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790693.003.0016.
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The parties’ freedom to agree on the content of their contract has never been unlimited. Where the contract is regarded as legally or morally offensive because it infringes a legal or extra-legal norm, the validity or enforceability of the contract can be excluded. The main reason for policing a contract in this way is that the law is unwilling to help to enforce a contract that places itself outside the legal and moral order on which a society is based. Furthermore, invalidity or non-enforcement may be regarded as a sanction discouraging undesirable conduct.
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Yildiz, Ezgi. "Interpretative evolution of the norm prohibiting torture and inhuman or degrading treatment under the European Convention." In Language and Legal Interpretation in International Law, 295–314. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190855208.003.0016.
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This chapter provides a socio-political account of how the European Court of Human Rights has transformed the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Arguing that legal interpretation does not take place in a void, the chapter looks at international, institutional and discursive factors enabling and constraining the Court’s interpretative preferences. In particular, it lays out how the Court’s interpretation is influenced by (a) the broader political developments in Europe, (b) the European human rights system’s institutional evolution, and (c) the changing dominant legal discourse. Building upon this analysis, the chapter concludes that the sophistication of norms protecting human rights is not only a moral and legal matter. It is also one of political expediency.
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Waibel, Ann-Kathrin, Maximilian Karthan, Nadine Seifert, Marina Fotteler, and Walter Swoboda. "Legal and Ethical Challenges in the Development of mHealth Applications." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti230505.
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Researchers frequently face ethical and privacy challenges on health applications. Ethics is a branch of moral philosophy and deals with the “right” and “good” actions of humans, which often leads to dilemmas. Reasons for this are social and societal dependencies of the respective norms. Data protection is regulated by law throughout Europe. This poster provides guidance on these challenges.
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Parau, Cristina E. "The assumption of intellectual-moral superiority." In Transnational Networking and Elite Self-Empowerment, 199–231. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266403.003.0006.
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This chapter evidences that the Network Community assume judges (viz., themselves) to be morally superior to all other actors in a political context because of their sole reliance on intellect. The political ramifications of this assumption are analysed: the practically limitless power to expand the scope of legal texts through ‘activist’ interpretation (the ‘living constitution’); the power to superintend democracy; the power to silence all other voices asserting constitutional meaning, even the people themselves. The end goal is the power to reconstruct society in the Network Community’s own image, according to its presumptively superior norms and values. It is inferred that the hegemonic power of the intellectual-moral superiority assumption constitutes a (possibly the) major cause of judicial power over the nation-states of Europe, and the normative basis of the judicialization of politics.
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Forse, Michel, and Maxime Parodi. "Value change." In Transatlantic Divide, 165–97. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199204526.003.0007.
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Abstract Shared values are part of what is needed to make up a society. Constituting a society certainly implies the establishment of collective institutions and norms but they would have little political, social, or moral legitimacy if they were not based on shared values. To take this into account, it is necessary to focus on the actors and their reasons; for example it is clear that there is no democracy in a country with no democrats. If we examine the social foundations of Europe in this way while allowing that it is not a society like, say, the United States, we can ask ourselves if Europe actually amounts to a society, or is at least on its way to becoming one.
Conference papers on the topic "Norme (morale) – Europe"
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Gerasimoski, Saše. "SOCIETAL DEVIANCE IN THE ERA OF DISTORTED VALUES AND NORMS: EUROPEAN AND MACEDONIAN PARALELS." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.11.01.20.p13.
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We are living in an era of turbulent social changes that affect our everyday life. The contemporary societal order has been put to pressures and exposed to challenges like never before in the history of human society. Many scholars believe that what we are witnessing nowadays is an era of value ambivalence and norm relativization that is intricately related to societal deviance. Many theories, classical, modern, and postmodern elaborate these phenomena. Such are the Emile Durkheim’s theory of anomie, Robert Merton’s theory of strain and Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of interregnum. In this paper, we are trying to elaborate those theories through the lenses of the distorted morals and values and the nexus with societal deviance in comparative European and Macedonian societal context. As far as methodology is concerned, we mainly use secondary data of available scientific literature and studies in the values and norms changes and its relatedness to societal deviance. We shall try to prove and elucidate the importance of the structural changes in values and norms and how they produce or are a product of societal deviance. Although mainly comparatively theoretical, the paper will try to overcome the possible limitations with its thorough comparative analyses of the most relevant scientific literature and research on this matter, mostly from sociological, socio-pathological, philosophical and securitological point of view. The paper will also try to summarize some relevant suggestions, proposals and recommendations on how to overcome these problems in European and Macedonian comparative perspective. Keywords: Societal Deviance, Values, Norms, Europe, Macedonia
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Hargrave, Isabel. "A imagem da família Madruzzo nas medalhas e seus usos políticos no século XVI." In Encontro de História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.8.2012.4215.
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Em 1545 ocorria a abertura do aguardado Concílio de Trento. Esse evento, que distorceria a intenção de reforma moral e disciplinar da Igreja Católica há muito perseguida por diversos eclesiásticos e políticos, em direção a uma profunda e rigorosa reforma dos assuntos da fé – como uma reação intensa às postulações protestantes que já ganhavam força e apoio no norte europeu – seria chamada de “l’Iliade del nostro secolo” (a Ilíada de nosso século), por Fra’ Paolo Sarpi, em sua Istoria del concilio tridentino (PROSPERI, 1994: 36).
Reports on the topic "Norme (morale) – Europe"
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Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy, and Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.
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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Terzyan, Aram. Russia Amidst the War: Implications for Human Rights and Political Freedoms. Eurasia Institutes, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/earp-1-2022.
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This paper explores the state of human rights and political freedoms in Russia amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war has devastatingly affected the state of human rights and political freedoms across Russia. The vague and ill-defined laws introduced in Russia amid the war severely restrict the citizens’ fundamental rights and freedoms, leading to a massive crackdown on government critics. This has significantly undermined Russia’s international standing, while leading to the Kremlin’s further rejection of democratic norms. More worryingly, Russia’s restrictive policy has been further combined with its decision to withdraw from the Council of Europe which raises a series unanswered question regarding the future of its human rights commitments. This paper concludes that Russia is isolating itself from the greater international community and resembling a North Korean-style form a tyranny.
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Kostarakos, Ilias, and Petros Varthalitis. Effective tax rates in Ireland. ESRI, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs110.
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This article provides estimates of the effective tax rates in Ireland for the 1995-2017 period. We use these aggregate tax indicators to compare the developments in the Irish tax policy mix with the rest of the European Union countries and investigate any potential relation with Ireland’s macroeconomic performance. Our findings show that distortionary taxes, e.g. on factors of production, are significantly lower while less distortionary taxes, e.g. on consumption, are higher in Ireland than most European countries. Thus, the distribution of tax burden falls relatively more on consumption and to a lesser extent on labour than capital; while in the EU average the norm is the opposite. The descriptive analysis indicates that this shift in the Irish tax policy mix is correlated with the country’s strong economic performance.
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Thunø, Mette, and Jan Ifversen. Global Leadership Teams and Cultural Diversity: Exploring how perceptions of culture influence the dynamics of global teams. Aarhus University, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.273.
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In the 21st century, business engagements are becoming increasingly global, and global teams are now an established form of organising work in multinational organisations. As a result, managing cultural diver-sity within a global team has become an essential part of ensuring motivation, creativity, innovation and efficiency in today’s business world.Global teams are typically composed of a diversity of experiences, frames of references, competencies, information and, not least, cultural backgrounds. As such, they hold a unique potential for delivering high performance in terms of innovative and creative approaches to global management tasks; however, in-stead of focusing on the potentials of cultural diversity, practitioners and studies of global teams tend to approach cultural diversity as a barrier to team success. This study explores some of the barriers that cultural diversity poses but also discusses its potential to leverage high performance in a global context.Our study highlights the importance of how team leaders and team members perceive ‘culture’ as both a concept and a social practice. We take issue with a notion of culture as a relatively fixed and homogeneous set of values, norms and attitudes shared by people of national communities; it is such a notion of culture that tends to underlie understandings that highlight the irreconcilability of cultural differences.Applying a more dynamic and context-dependent approach to culture as a meaning system that people negotiate and use to interpret the world, this study explores how global leadership teams can best reap the benefits of cultural diversity in relation to specific challenging areas of intercultural team work, such as leadership style, decision making, relationship building, strategy process, and communication styles. Based on a close textual interpretation of 31 semi-structured interviews with members of global leader-ship teams in eight Danish-owned global companies, our study identified different discourses and per-ceptions of culture and cultural diversity. For leaders of the global leadership teams (Danish/European) and other European team members, three understandings of cultural diversity in their global teams were prominent:1)Cultural diversity was not an issue2)Cultural diversity was acknowledged as mainly a liability. Diversities were expressed through adifference in national cultures and could typically be subsumed under a relatively fixed numberof invariable and distinct characteristics.3)Cultural diversity was an asset and expressions of culture had to be observed in the situationand could not simply be derived from prior understandings of cultural differences.A clear result of our study was that those leaders of global teams who drew on discourses of the Asian ‘Other’ adherred to the first two understandings of cultural diversity and preferred leadership styles that were either patriarchal or self-defined as ‘Scandinavian’. Whereas those leaders who drew on discourses of culture as dynamic and negotiated social practices adhered to the third understanding of cultural di-versity and preferred a differentiated and analytical approach to leading their teams.We also focused on the perceptions of team members with a background in the country in which the global teams were co-located. These ‘local’ team members expressed a nuanced and multifaceted perspective on their own cultural background, the national culture of the company, and their own position within the team, which enabled them to easily navigate between essentialist perceptions of culture while maintain-ing a critical stance on the existing cultural hegemonies. They recognised the value of their local knowledge and language proficiency, but, for those local members in teams with a negative or essentialist view of cultural diversity, it was difficult to obtain recognition of their cultural styles and specific, non-local competences. 3Our study suggeststhat the way global team members perceive culture, based on dominant societal dis-courses of culture, significantly affects the understandings of roles and positions in global leadership teams. We found that discourses on culture were used to explain differences and similarities between team members, which profoundly affected the social practicesand dynamics of the global team. We con-clude that only global teams with team leaders who are highly aware of the multiple perspectives at play in different contexts within the team hold the capacity to be alert to cultural diversity and to demonstrate agility in leveraging differences and similarities into inclusive and dynamic team practices.
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Pathways to Equitable Food Systems. Institute of Development Studies, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.024.
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Globally, our food systems are highly inequitable. In a world with enough food, hunger is becoming normalised for large numbers of people, while diets are worsening and obesity is rising. Racialised minorities are more at risk from obesity than other groups; indigenous communities have poorer diets than majority populations. Many of the 4.5 billion people working in food systems endure low-paid, insecure jobs. Small-scale farmers and women are often the most vulnerable. In rural areas communities can be forced off their land and in urban areas, people on low incomes lack access to good-quality food. These inequities are a result of deliberate choices made by powerful entities, and a product of social and economic norms. But by understanding the power imbalances within food systems and identifying the underlying causes of vulnerability, we believe that it is possible to develop pathways which can tackle these inequities. Bringing together studies from Africa, Europe, Latin America and Asia, this report identifies four ways to address inequities.