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Journal articles on the topic 'Normalisation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Christensen, Britt, Stephen B. Hanauer, Peter R. Gibson, Jerrold R. Turner, John Hart, and David T. Rubin. "Segmental Histological Normalisation Occurs in Ulcerative Colitis but Does Not Improve Clinical Outcomes." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, no. 10 (April 8, 2020): 1345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa068.

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Abstract Background and Aims Complete histological normalisation and reduction of inflammation severity in patients with ulcerative colitis are associated with improved clinical outcomes, but the clinical significance of normalisation of only segments of previously affected bowel is not known. We examined the prevalence, pattern, predictors, and clinical outcomes associated with segmental histological normalisation in in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods Medical records of patients with confirmed ulcerative colitis and more than one colonoscopy were sought. Segmental histological normalisation was defined as histological normalisation of a bowel segment [rectum, left-sided or right-sided colon] that had previous evidence of chronic histological injury. We assessed the variables influencing these findings and whether segmental normalisation was associated with improved clinical outcomes. Results Of 646 patients, 32% had segmental and 10% complete histological normalisaton when compared with their maximal disease extent. Most [88%] had segmental normalisation in a proximal-to-distal direction. Others had distal-to-proximal or patchy normalisation. On multivariate analysis, only current smoking [p = 0.040] and age of diagnosis ≤16 years [p = 0.028] predicted segmental histological normalisation. Of 310 who were in clinical remission at initial colonoscopy, 77 [25%] experienced clinical relapse after median 1.3 [range 0.06–7.52] years. Only complete histological normalisation of the bowel was associated with improved relapse-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–0.68; p = 0.008]. Conclusions Segmental histological normalisation occurs in 32% of patients with ulcerative colitis and is increased in those who smoke or were diagnosed at younger age. Unlike complete histological normalisation, segmental normalisation does not signal improved clinical outcomes.

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2

LAWRY, JONATHAN. "POSSIBILISTIC NORMALISATION AND REASONING UNDER PARTIAL INCONSISTENCY." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 09, no. 04 (August 2001): 413–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488501000879.

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The problem of normalisation of non-normalised fuzzy sets/possibility distributions is considered. A definition of a valid normalised possibility distribution is given at the mass assignment level and a characterisation of this definition at the distribution level is proposed. A number of possible normalisations are considered these being related to certain epistemic principles. Finally an interval approach to reasoning with partially inconsistent knowledge is introduced.

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3

Trimble, M. "Forced normalisation." Epilepsy & Behavior 28, no. 2 (August 2013): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.04.066.

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4

Bax, Stephen. "Normalisation Revisited." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 1, no. 2 (April 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2011040101.

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This article revisits the issue of the normalisation of technology in language education, defined as the stage at which a technology is used in language education without our being consciously aware of its role as a technology, as an effective element in the language learning process (Bax, 2003). It draws on the literature relating to the history of sociotechnical innovation (Bijker, 1997) to develop the theoretical basis of the concept and examines normalisation in the light of a neo-Vygotskian conceptual framework, in order to establish a set of central principles by which to understand and interpret the normalisation process. It then considers the implications for the language teacher and other change agents, with proposals for how to introduce new technologies into language education settings with maximum impact.

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5

Martínez-Expósito, Alfredo. "Queer Literature in Spain: Pathways to Normalisation." Culture & History Digital Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): e010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2013.010.

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6

Bird, Alex D., Peter Jedlicka, and Hermann Cuntz. "Dendritic normalisation improves learning in sparsely connected artificial neural networks." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): e1009202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009202.

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Artificial neural networks, taking inspiration from biological neurons, have become an invaluable tool for machine learning applications. Recent studies have developed techniques to effectively tune the connectivity of sparsely-connected artificial neural networks, which have the potential to be more computationally efficient than their fully-connected counterparts and more closely resemble the architectures of biological systems. We here present a normalisation, based on the biophysical behaviour of neuronal dendrites receiving distributed synaptic inputs, that divides the weight of an artificial neuron’s afferent contacts by their number. We apply this dendritic normalisation to various sparsely-connected feedforward network architectures, as well as simple recurrent and self-organised networks with spatially extended units. The learning performance is significantly increased, providing an improvement over other widely-used normalisations in sparse networks. The results are two-fold, being both a practical advance in machine learning and an insight into how the structure of neuronal dendritic arbours may contribute to computation.

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7

Iorio, Chantal. "Normalisation de l’habitat." Techniques & culture, no. 56 (September 5, 2011): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/tc.5774.

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8

Hochereau, François. "Concrétisation et normalisation." Réseaux 135-136, no. 1 (2006): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/res.135.0287.

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9

Journet, Nicolas. "Contre la normalisation." Sciences Humaines N°163, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sh.163.0020.

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10

Draperi, Jean-François. "Internationalisation et normalisation." Revue internationale de l'économie sociale: Recma, no. 328 (2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015521ar.

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11

Prévélakis, Georges, and Alice Béja. "La normalisation grecque ?" Esprit Novembre, no. 11 (2013): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.1311.0128.

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12

Healy, Denis. "Normalisation in action." Journal of the British Institute of Mental Handicap (APEX) 13, no. 2 (August 26, 2009): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1985.tb00281.x.

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13

Breton, Olivier. "Information, communication normalisation." Hermès 85, no. 3 (2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/herm.085.0162.

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14

Robion, Jacques. "Normalisation ou subjectivation ?" Dialogue 159, no. 1 (2003): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dia.159.0003.

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15

Belleville, Arnaud, Gilles Pierrefeu, Jérôme Le Coz, Frédérique Larrarte, Pierre Marchand, Mélanie Pinatton, Bénédicte Augeard, et al. "Hydrométrie et normalisation." La Houille Blanche, no. 6 (December 2017): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2017059.

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16

Carson, J., F. Dowling, G. Luyombya, M. Senapati-Sharma, and T. Glynn. "Normalisation and psychiatry." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 7 (July 1992): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.7.447.

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17

ALTENKIRCH, THORSTEN, and JAMES CHAPMAN. "Big-step normalisation." Journal of Functional Programming 19, no. 3-4 (July 2009): 311–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796809007278.

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AbstractTraditionally, decidability of conversion for typed λ-calculi is established by showing that small-step reduction is confluent and strongly normalising. Here we investigate an alternative approach employing a recursively defined normalisation function which we show to be terminating and which reflects and preserves conversion. We apply our approach to the simply typed λ-calculus with explicit substitutions and βη-equality, a system which is not strongly normalising. We also show how the construction can be extended to system T with the usual β-rules for the recursion combinator. Our approach is practical, since it does verify an actual implementation of normalisation which, unlike normalisation by evaluation, is first order. An important feature of our approach is that we are using logical relations to establish equational soundness (identity of normal forms reflects the equational theory), instead of the usual syntactic reasoning using the Church–Rosser property of a term rewriting system.

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18

Giard, Vincent. "La normalisation technique." Revue française de gestion 29, no. 147 (December 1, 2003): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rfg.147.49-65.

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19

Chadha, Jagjit S. "Interest Rate Normalisation." National Institute Economic Review 241 (August 2017): F4—F7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011724100103.

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20

Finlayson, Graham, and Ruixia Xu. "Gamma Comprehensive Normalisation." Color and Imaging Conference 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.2002.10.1.art00017.

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21

Simpson, Murray K. "Normalisation and the Psychology of ‘Mental Retardation’." Sociological Review 44, no. 1 (February 1996): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1996.tb02965.x.

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The 1950 and 1960s witnessed a revival of interest among psychologists in mental retardation closely associated with the development of a behaviourist model. These developments effected a decisive break in the discourse of retardation by inserting a ‘behaviour’ component into the definition of retardation. This strengthened claims by psychology of professional primacy vis-à-vis medicine. The objective of professional assertion helped create the conditions in which the service model of Normalisation2 took root in North America and, to a lesser extent, the UK. As a semi-autonomous discourse, Normalisation provided a vehicle in which elements of contradictory discourses, principally psychology and interactionism, could be appropriated. The interventions which emerged from this comprised a dual strategy of enhanced social integration and the more precise definition and identification of mental retardation.

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22

Stamatis, Georg. "On the Position and the Slope of the w–r Curve, the Ranging of Techniques and the Changes of Prices due to a Change of the Income Distribution." Indian Economic Journal 67, no. 3-4 (December 2019): 196–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220951156.

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The well-known w–r relation results from the price equation system and the normalisation equation, that is, the equalisation of price of the normalisation commodity (numéraire) with a positive constant. In this article, we show that the w–r relation is neither that of the given technique nor that of the given production system, but that of the normalisation subsystem, that is, the subsystem which, using the above-mentioned technique, produces the normalisation commodity as its own net product. So, the maximum nominal wage rate, the slope and the maximum profit rate of the w–r relation vary with the normalisation commodity and the above constant. In inference of them, (a) the comparison and the ranking of given techniques concerning our profitability as the choice of the most profitable of them too is in reality a comparison, a ranking and a choice of the corresponding normalisation subsystems; (b) the phenomena of re-switching appear and disappear due to the change of the normalisation commodity; and (c) the comparison, the ranking, the choice of techniques and the ascertainment of the re-switching phenomenon are impossible. Finally, the normalisation subsystem tenders an index magnitude to solving the as yet unsolved problem of how the prices change with income distribution.

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23

Loukil, Faten. "Normalisation et développement durable." Innovations 29, no. 1 (2009): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/inno.029.0035.

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24

Dudouet, François-Xavier, Delphine Mercier, and Antoine Vion. "Politiques internationales de normalisation." Revue française de science politique 56, no. 3 (2006): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.563.0367.

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25

Kemedjio, Cilas. "Pouvoir disciplinaire et normalisation." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 6, no. 1-2 (March 3, 1994): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.1994.357.

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26

Queiroz, Ruy J. G. B. "Normalisation and Language-Games1." Dialectica 48, no. 2 (May 23, 2005): 83–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1994.tb00107.x.

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27

Jackson, Robin N. "Perils of “pseudo-normalisation”." Journal of the British Institute of Mental Handicap (APEX) 16, no. 4 (August 26, 2009): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1988.tb00485.x.

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28

de Bobadilla, Javier Fernández, and María Pe Pereira. "Equisingularity at the normalisation." Journal of Topology 1, no. 4 (October 2008): 879–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/jtopol/jtn024.

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29

Lefebvre, R. "Resonance widths and normalisation." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 21, no. 24 (December 28, 1988): L709—L715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/21/24/001.

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30

Cajkler, Wasyl. "Catalan's normalisation in Majorca." Language Learning Journal 7, no. 1 (March 1993): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571739385200221.

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31

Carson, S. "Normalisation, Needs and Schools." Educational Psychology in Practice 7, no. 4 (January 1992): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0266736920070405.

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32

Afif Afif, A., and P. Mertens. "Normalisation radiomorphologique de l’hippocampe." Neurochirurgie 55, no. 4-5 (October 2009): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2009.08.088.

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33

Toussaint, G. "Marquage CE et normalisation." RBM-News 19, no. 7 (December 1997): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0222-0776(97)82422-4.

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34

Thiveaud, D. "Normalisation et usage unique." RBM-News 20, no. 4 (June 1998): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0222-0776(98)80011-4.

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35

Reinhart, K. "Normalisation of oxygen delivery." Réanimation Urgences 5, no. 2 (January 1996): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-6756(96)80039-9.

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36

Roudaut, Karine. "La normalisation du deuil." Médecine Palliative : Soins de Support - Accompagnement - Éthique 16, no. 2 (April 2017): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medpal.2017.03.001.

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37

Zellagui, Katia. "Normalisation des textes anglais." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 22, no. 1-2 (December 31, 1999): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.22.1-2.18zel.

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The present study deals with the pre-processing of texts. This pre-processing is performed in three steps, which are: the segmentation of the texts into textual units (sentences), the re-writing of contracted forms into a standard form, and the tagging of unambiguous compounds. We describe here two of the three steps: text segmentation, and the re-writing of contracted forms. The segmentation of the texts into textual units is made possible by using the transducer Sentence. The re-writing of contracted forms into their standard forms is done by applying the transducer Normalisation. We describe in detail the various steps involved in the development of both transducers.

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38

Zellagui, K. "Normalisation des textes anglais." Lingvisticae Investigationes 22, no. 2 (October 1, 2000): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.22.18zel.

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39

Ramon, Shulamit. "Skills for normalisation work." Practice 2, no. 2 (June 1988): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503158808416989.

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40

Finlayson, Graham, and Ruixia Xu. "Non-iterative Comprehensive Normalisation." Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cgiv.2002.1.1.art00036.

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41

Bergeron, Henri, and Patrick Castel. "Normalité, normalisation et normation." Journal du Droit de la Santé et de l’Assurance - Maladie (JDSAM) N° 12, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jdsam.154.0008.

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42

Côté, Yves-Aubert. "La normalisation comptable canadienne." Assurances 60, no. 3 (1992): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1104908ar.

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43

Bureth, Antoine, Patrick Cohendet, and Philippe Hoffer. "Normalisation : Comparaison France-RFA." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 22, no. 2 (1990): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.1990.3436.

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44

Hédhili, Héla, and Aymen Belgacem. "Les déterminants de la participation des entreprises aux comités de normalisation : une étude empirique sur le cas français." Économie appliquée 68, no. 3 (2015): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2015.3717.

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L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les déterminants de la participation des entreprises aux comités français de normalisation. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit de déterminer les caractéristiques intrinsèques des entreprises françaises les plus impliquées dans les comités de normalisation et ce, en menant une étude empirique sur les normes qui concernent les technologies de l’information et de la communication. Les résultats montrent que les grandes entreprises exportatrices et intensives en R-D participent activement aux comités de normalisation. Les résultats mettent aussi en évidence le rôle joué par les très petites entreprises françaises en matière de normalisation.

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45

Dawes, Nicola L., and Jarka Glassey. "Normalisation of Multicondition cDNA Macroarray Data." Comparative and Functional Genomics 2007 (2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/90578.

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Background. Normalisation is a critical step in obtaining meaningful information from the high-dimensional DNA array data. This is particularly important when complex biological hypotheses/questions, such a functional analysis and regulatory interactions within biological systems, are investigated. A nonparametric, intensity-dependent normalisation method based on global identification of self-consistent set (SCS) of genes is proposed here for such systems.Results. The SCS normalisation is introduced and its behaviour demonstrated for a range of user-defined parameters affecting sits performance. It is compared to a standard global normalisation method in terms of noise reduction and signal retention.Conclusions. The SCS normalisation results using 16 macroarray data sets from aBacillus subtilisexperiment confirm that the method is capable of reducing undesirable experimental variation whilst retaining important biological information. The ease and speed of implementation mean that this method can be easily adapted to other multicondition time/strain series single colour array data.

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46

Song, Hongna, Xinxian Zhai, and Jinshan Ma. "Extended Research on Grey Target Decisions for a Variable Target Centre Based on Decision Maker Preferences." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (November 14, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1739835.

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The impact of target centre indices determined by the desires and selection preferences of decision makers (DMs) on target centre distances (TCDs) has been discussed extensively. One way of facilitating this is by using a multiple-attribute grey target decision method (GTDM), where normalisation plays an important role. So far, however, TCDs have only undergone linear normalisation. Therefore, we investigated the available normalisation methods with regard to the impact of a variable target centre on TCDs and objective weights. Our work shows that existing normalisation methods can be divided into two kinds: those that affect the index TCDs and determine the objective weights and those that do not, with target centre indices instead determined by the preferences of DMs. Finally, numerical examples are provided and applications are discussed.

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47

Wen, Dongdong, Songlei Wang, Zhigang Xue, and Anbin Hu. "Coating Thickness Measurement Of Multilayer Ferromagnetic Samples Based On Pulsed Eddy Current Testing Technology." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 65, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2023.65.2.72.

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Pulsed eddy current (PEC) technology serves as a popular testing method for multilayer structures and is widely used in coating and substrate thickness measurement. However, in the coating thickness measurement of a multilayer structure, the substrate thickness effect is a disturbance that needs to be eliminated urgently. In order to reduce the substrate thickness effect, in this paper a twice difference normalisation method is proposed to obtain a signal feature independently of the substrate thickness effect for measuring the coating thickness of a multilayer ferromagnetic structure. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that a fitting line of the peak value of twice difference normalisation signals can be obtained by using the twice difference normalisation method when only the coating thickness changes. The normalisation fitting line is immune to the substrate thickness effect and can be used to measure the coating thickness of a multilayer ferromagnetic structure, which means that the twice difference normalisation method is feasible for high-precision evaluation of the coating thickness of a multilayer ferromagnetic structure when the substrate thickness changes. This study will improve the coating thickness measurement accuracy of multilayer ferromagnetic structures when the substrate thickness changes in the PEC testing.

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48

Alarcón, Tomás, Markus R. Owen, Helen M. Byrne, and Philip K. Maini. "Multiscale Modelling of Tumour Growth and Therapy: The Influence of Vessel Normalisation on Chemotherapy." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 7, no. 2-3 (2006): 85–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10273660600968994.

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Following the poor clinical results of antiangiogenic drugs, particularly when applied in isolation, tumour biologists and clinicians are now turning to combinations of therapies in order to obtain better results. One of these involves vessel normalisation strategies. In this paper, we investigate the effects on tumour growth of combinations of antiangiogenic and standard cytotoxic drugs, taking into account vessel normalisation. An existing multiscale framework is extended to include new elements such as tumour-induced vessel dematuration. Detailed simulations of our multiscale framework allow us to suggest one possible mechanism for the observed vessel normalisation-induced improvement in the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs: vessel dematuration produces extensive regions occupied by quiescent (oxygen-starved) cells which the cytotoxic drug fails to kill. Vessel normalisation reduces the size of these regions, thereby allowing the chemotherapeutic agent to act on a greater number of cells.

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49

Lebrin, Franck. "Angiogenèse pathologique et normalisation vasculaire." L’annuaire du Collège de France, no. 114 (July 1, 2015): 1016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/annuaire-cdf.12066.

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50

Lebrin, Franck. "Angiogenèse pathologique et normalisation vasculaire." L’annuaire du Collège de France, no. 115 (November 1, 2016): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/annuaire-cdf.12625.

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