Academic literature on the topic 'Normal tissue complication probability'
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Journal articles on the topic "Normal tissue complication probability"
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Kukołowicz, Paweł. "Clinical aspects of normal tissue complication probability." Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy 9, no. 6 (2004): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1507-1367(04)71038-x.
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Xu, Cheng-Jian, Arjen van der Schaaf, Aart A. van't Veld, Johannes A. Langendijk, and Cornelis Schilstra. "Statistical Validation of Normal Tissue Complication Probability Models." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 84, no. 1 (September 2012): e123-e129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.02.022.
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Alexander, M. A. R., W. A. Brooks, and S. W. Blake. "Normal tissue complication probability modelling of tissue fibrosis following breast radiotherapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 52, no. 7 (March 7, 2007): 1831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/52/7/005.
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Palma, G., A. Buonanno, S. Monti, R. Pacelli, and L. Cella. "OC-0512: Space based normal tissue complication probability modeling." Radiotherapy and Oncology 127 (April 2018): S267—S268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30822-3.
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Tai, A., L. Grossheim, B. Erickson, and A. X. Li. "Modeling of Normal Tissue Complication Probability in Liver Irradiation." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 69, no. 3 (November 2007): S602—S603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1908.
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Palma, Giuseppe, Serena Monti, Manuel Conson, Roberto Pacelli, and Laura Cella. "Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for modern radiation therapy." Seminars in Oncology 46, no. 3 (June 2019): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.07.006.
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Bonta, Dacian V., Ernesto Fontenla, Yong Lu, and George T. Y. Chen. "A variable critical-volume model for normal tissue complication probability." Medical Physics 28, no. 7 (July 2001): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1380432.
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Marks, Lawrence B., Ellen D. Yorke, Andrew Jackson, Randall K. Ten Haken, Louis S. Constine, Avraham Eisbruch, Søren M. Bentzen, Jiho Nam, and Joseph O. Deasy. "Use of Normal Tissue Complication Probability Models in the Clinic." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 76, no. 3 (March 2010): S10—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1754.
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Hornby, Colin J., Trevor Ackerly, Andrew See, and Moshi Geso. "Exploring the effect of marked normal structure volume on normal tissue complication probability." Medical Dosimetry 28, no. 4 (December 2003): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2003.08.003.
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Gholami, Somayeh, Francesco Longo, Sara Shahzadeh, Hassan Ali Nedaie, Ryan Sharp, and Ali S.Meigooni. "Normal lung tissue complication probability in MR-Linac and conventional radiotherapy." Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy 25, no. 6 (November 2020): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2020.09.002.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Normal tissue complication probability"
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Troeller, Almut [Verfasser], and Katia [Akademischer Betreuer] Parodi. "Normal tissue complication probability modelling : influence of treatment technique, fractionation, and dose calculation algorithm / Almut Troeller ; Betreuer: Katia Parodi." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138195510/34.
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Hornby, Colin, and n/a. "Tumour Control and Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities: Can they be correlated with the measured clinical outcomes of prostate cancer radiotherapy?" RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080702.123739.
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The chief aim in developing radiation treatment plans is to maximise tumour cell kill while minimising the killing of normal cells. The acceptance by a radiation oncologist of a radiation therapy treatment plan devised by the radiation therapist, at present is largely based on the oncologists' previous clinical experience with reference to established patterns of treatment and their clinical interpretation of the dose volume histogram. Some versions of radiotherapy planning computer software now incorporate a function that permits biologically based predictions about the probability of tumour control (TCP) and/or normal tissue complications (NTCP). The biological models used for these probabilities are founded upon statistical and mathematical principles as well as radiobiology concepts. TCP and NTCP potentially offer the capability of being able to better optimise treatments for an individual patient's tumour and normal anatomy. There have been few attempts in the past to correlate NTCPs to actual treatment complications, and the reported complications have generally not shown any significant correlation. Thus determining whether either or both NTCPs and TCPs could be correlated with the observed clinical outcomes of prostate radiotherapy is the central topic of this thesis. In this research, TCPs and NTCPs were prospectively calculated for prostate cancer patients receiving radiation therapy, and subsequently assessed against the clinical results of the delivered treatments. This research was conducted using two different types of NTCP models, which were correlated against observed treatment-induced complications in the rectum and bladder. The two NTCP models were also compared to determine their relative efficacy in predicting the recorded toxicities. As part of this research the refinement of some of the published bladder parameters required for NTCP calculations was undertaken to provide a better fit between predicted and observed complication rates for the bladder wall which was used in this research. TCPs were also calculated for each patient using the best available estimate of the radiosensitivity of the prostate gland from recent research. The TCP/NTCP data was analysed to determine if any correlations existed between the calculated probabilities and the observed clinical data. The results of the analyses showed that a correlation between the NTCP and a limited number of toxicities did occur. Additionally the NTCP predictions were compared to existing parameters and methods for radiotherapy plan evaluation - most notably DVHs. It is shown that NTCPs can provide superior discriminatory power when utilised for prospective plan evaluation. While the TCP could not be correlated with clinical outcomes due to insufficient follow-up data, it is shown that there was a correlation between the TCP and the treatment technique used.
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Gabryś, Hubert [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Alber. "Machine learning using radiomics and dosiomics for normal tissue complication probability modeling of radiation-induced xerostomia / Hubert Gabrys ; Betreuer: Markus Alber." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203958528/34.
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Herwiningsih, Sri. "Dosimetric verification of stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment plans for early stage non-small cell lung cancer using Monte Carlo simulation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/109755/1/Sri_Herwiningsih_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is an evaluation of the dosimetric accuracy of the dose calculation algorithm used for planning of lung stereotactic body radiotherapy treatments. It specifically investigates the accuracy of the collapsed cone convolution algorithm employed in the Pinnacle3 Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System by using Monte Carlo techniques as an independent verification tool. The thesis also investigates the impact of dose calculation uncertainties on treatment outcome estimation through the use of radiobiological modelling.
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Benadjaoud, Mohamed Amine. "Modélisation flexible du risque d’événements iatrogènes radio-induits." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T017/document.
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La radiothérapie occupe une place majeure dans l’arsenal thérapeutique des cancers.Malgré des progrès technologiques importants depuis près de vingt ans, des tissus sains au voisinage ou à distance de la tumeur cible continuent à être inévitablement irradiés à des niveaux de doses très différents. Ces doses sont à l’origine d’effets secondaires précoces (Œdème, radionécrose, Dysphagie, Cystite) ou tardifs (rectorragies, télangiectasie, effets carcinogènes, les pathologie cérébrovasculaires).Il est donc primordial de quantifier et de prévenir ces effets secondaires afin d'améliorer la qualité de vie des patients pendant et après leur traitement.La modélisation du risque d'événements iatrogènes radio-induits repose sur la connaissance précise de la distribution de doses au tissu sain d'intérêt ainsi que sur un modèle de risque capable d'intégrer un maximum d'informations sur le profil d'irradiation et des autres facteurs de risques non dosimétriques. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de développer des méthodes de modélisation capables de répondre à des questions spécifiques aux deux aspects, dosimétriques et statistiques, intervenant dans la modélisation du risque de survenue d'événements iatrogènes radio-induits.Nous nous sommes intéressé dans un premier temps au développement d'un modèle de calcul permettant de déterminer avec précision la dose à distance due au rayonnements de diffusion et de fuite lors d'un traitement par radiothérapie externe et ce, pour différentes tailles des champs et à différentes distances de l'axe du faisceau. Ensuite, nous avons utilisé des méthodes d'analyse de données fonctionnelles pour développer un modèle de risque de toxicité rectales après irradiation de la loge prostatique. Le modèle proposé a montré des performances supérieures aux modèles de risque existants particulièrement pour décrire le risque de toxicités rectales de grade 3. Dans le contexte d'une régression de Cox flexible sur données réelles, nous avons proposé une application originale des méthodes de statistique fonctionnelle permettant d'améliorer les performances d'une modélisation via fonctions B-splines de la relation dose-effet entre la dose de radiation à la thyroïde.Nous avons également proposé dans le domaine de la radiobiologie une méthodes basée sur l’analyse en composantes principales multiniveau pour quantifier la part de la variabilité expérimentale dans la variabilité des courbes de fluorescence mesuréesRadiotherapy plays a major role in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer. Despite significant advances in technology for nearly twenty years, healthy tissues near or away from the target tumor remain inevitably irradiated at very different levels of doses. These doses are at the origin of early side effects (edema, radiation necrosis, dysphagia, cystitis) or late (rectal bleeding, telangiectasia, carcinogenic, cerebrovascular diseases). It is therefore essential to quantify and prevent these side effects to improve the patient quality of life after their cancer treatment.The objective of this thesis was to propose modelling methods able to answer specific questions asked in both aspects, dosimetry and statistics, involved in the modeling risk of developing radiation-induced iatrogenic pathologies.Our purpose was firstly to assess the out-of-field dose component related to head scatter radiation in high-energy photon therapy beams and then derive a multisource model for this dose component. For measured doses under out-of-field conditions, the average local difference between the calculated and measured photon dose is 10%, including doses as low as 0.01% of the maximum dose on the beam axis. We secondly described a novel method to explore radiation dose-volume effects. Functional data analysis is used to investigate the information contained in differential dose-volume histograms. The method is applied to the normal tissue complication probability modeling of rectal bleeding for In the flexible Cox model context, we proposed a new dimension reduction technique based on a functional principal component analysis to estimate a dose-response relationship. A two-stage knots selection scheme was performed: a potential set of knots is chosen based on information from the rotated functional principal components and the final knots selection is then based on statistical model selection. Finally, a multilevel functional principal component analysis was applied to radiobiological data in order to quantify the experimental Variability for replicate measurements of fluorescence signals of telomere length
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Chimin, Felipe. "Análise dos parâmetros de complicação em tecidos normais (NTCP) em planejamento computadorizado aplicado à radioterapia de tumores de próstata." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192416.
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Orientador: Marco Antônio Rodrigues FernandesResumo: O sucesso da radioterapia está intimamente ligado à razão terapêutica que representa o quociente entre a quantidade de tecido tumoral irradiado e o volume de tecido sadio atingido. A Probabilidade de Complicação em Tecidos Normais (NTCP) e a Probabilidade de Controle do Tumor (TCP) são parâmetros fornecidos por Sistemas de Planejamentos de Tratamentos (TPS) computadorizados, usados na rotina da radioterapia que auxiliam na interpretação da qualidade do tratamento. Neste trabalho são analisados os planejamentos de radioterapia de 03 pacientes portadores de câncer de próstata. Os planejamentos dos tratamentos foram realizados no TPS XiO, simulando as técnicas de radioterapia por intensidade modulada de feixe (IMRT) e radioterapia tridimensional conformada (3D-CRT). A dose de radiação preconizada para o volume de tratamento planejado (PTV) foi de 7.600 cGy, as simulações foram realizadas para um arranjo de 6 campos de radiação com feixes de raios X de megavoltagem e energia de 10 MV. Os volumes prostáticos variaram entre 107 cm3 e 143 cm3. A dose de cobertura D98% do PTV variou de 6.940 cGy a 7.570 cGy com IMRT e de 6.410 cGy a 7.250 cGy com 3D-CRT. Os valores obtidos para o TCP ficaram entre 73,5% a 81,1% com IMRT e entre 70,6% a 75,9% com 3D-CRT. Considerando os valores de NTCP para o reto e a bexiga, os maiores valores encontrados foram 6,9% para o reto e 6,1% para a bexiga, ambos planejados com a técnica de 3D-CRT. Para os casos analisados, os resultados mostram que a técnic... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The success of radiotherapy is closely related to the therapeutic ratio which represents the ratio of the amount of irradiated tumor tissue to the volume of healthy tissue achieved. Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) and Tumor Control Probability (TCP) are parameters provided by computerized treatment planning systems (TPS), used in radiotherapy routine and also allow the interpretation of treatment quality. The aim of this work is analyze the planning of 03 cases of patients submitted to prostate cancer radiotherapy. The treatment plans were performed in TPS XiO, simulating the techniques of beam intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and tree-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). The recommended radiation dose for the planned treatment volume (PTV) was 7600 cGy, the simulations were performed for an arrangement of 6 radiation fields with megavoltage X-ray beams and 10 MV energy. Prostatic volumes ranged from 107cm3 to 143cm3 . The D98% PTV coverage dose ranged from 6,940 cGy to 7,570 cGy with IMRT and from 6,410 cGy to 7,250 cGy with 3D-CRT. The values obtained for TCP were between 73.5% to 81.1% with IMRT and between 70.6% to 75.9% with 3D-CRT. Considering the NTCP values for the rectum and bladder, the highest values found were 6.9% for the rectum and 6.1% for the bladder, both planned using the 3D-CRT technique. For the analyzed cases, the results show that the IMRT technique presents better NTCP and TCP values than the 3D-CRT technique. These par... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Cheng, Chia-Hsien. "Probability Model for Biology Integrated Normal Tissue Complication Based on Radiation-Induced Liver Disease." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1001200514234200.
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Cheng, Chia-Hsien, and 成佳憲. "Probability Model for Biology Integrated Normal Tissue Complication Based on Radiation-Induced Liver Disease." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06887570882134127601.
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博士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
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Radiotherapy has been one of the most important treatment modalities in cancer patients. The scientific method to estimate the risk of radiation-induced organ complication is using the dose-volume data from the computerized treatment planning system to perform calculations with certain thresholds and criteria. The current commonly used dosimetric parameters have the defects of non-volumetric criteria and the lack of volume effect integrated into the radiation-related organ damage. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model has been proposed as a more comprehensive way to calculate the risk of complication by the use of the serial dose-volume data with a few parameters to weigh the risk between low-dose and high-dose damage. In our past patients with radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), we found that the NTCP was more useful than the conventionally used parameters. However, the risk of RILD in Taiwan seemed underestimated with the NTCP model parameters developed in the Unites States. This means the tolerance of liver to radiation for patients in Taiwan different from the patients’ tolerance in the western countries, and the indication of generating the unique model parameters based on the biological features of RILD in Taiwanese patients. Our first step was to establish the biology-integrated NTCP in the two different databases, 89 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 62 patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) undergoing 3DCRT. Hepatitis B viral (HBV) carriers have been the unique feature of Taiwanese patients in their liver tolerance as compared to the western countries. We first used the three-parameter Lyman NTCP model to recalculate the NTCP of RILD in 89 HCC patients by their original dose-volume data retrieved from the conformal design of 3DCRT. Logistic regression was used for significant factors of RILD. Maximal likelihood analysis was conducted to obtain the best estimates of NTCP model parameters based on the true occurrence of RILD in 17 of 89 HCC patients. In multivariate analysis, HBV carrier remained statistically significant as the susceptible factor to RILD. The best estimates of NTCP parameters (n, m, TD50(1)) were 0.35, 0.39, and 49.4 Gy. The parameters specifically estimated from HBV carriers were 0.26, 0.40, and 50.0 Gy, as compared to 0.86, 0.31, and 46.1 Gy for non-carrier patients. The main difference in volume effect parameter (n) between the two subgroups indicated the impact of this biological factor (HBV carrier) on modeling NTCP. The second step was to apply the Lyman NTCP model in 62 GC patients. HBV carrier status was the only independent factor associated with RILD. The parameters (n, m, TD50(1)) specifically estimated from HBV carriers were 0.11, 6.88, and 20.5 Gy, as compared to 1.99, 0.09, and 21.5 Gy for non-carrier patients. The difference in volume effect parameter similarly described the biological integration of HBV carrier into the NTCP model. The third step was to use the four-parameter parallel-architecture NTCP model, specifically designed for the organ with parallel feature like liver, in a combined group of 151 patients with either HCC or GC. HBV carrier was the only independent factor with statistically significant susceptibility to RILD in multivariate test. The NTCP model parameters, mean functional reserve (v50), width of functional reserve distribution ( ), dose at which half of liver subunits are damaged (d1/2), slope parameter for subunit dose response (k), were 0.54, 0.14, 50Gy, 0.13 (whole group); 0.53, 0.07, 50Gy, 4.6 10-7 (HBV carriers); 0.59, 0.12, 25Gy, 59.8 (non-HBV carriers), respectively. The main difference in slope parameter demonstrated the biological influence of HBV carrier on RILD. The threshold effect of fraction of liver damaged (f) became evident after integrating biological factor (HBV carrier) into the modeling process. We concluded the effectiveness of the two NTCP models in RILD, and the unique importance of HBV carrier in estimating the two NTCP model parameters. It is emphasized that physical and mathematical NTCP methods should be cautiously used with appropriate integration of biological factors. The biology integrated NTCP models are extremely important for HBV carrier patients undergoing 3DCRT or the other new technology of radiotherapy to the liver. Such importance of biological factor in radiation-induced liver damage also implies the corresponding biological pathogenesis and warrants the ongoing basic cellular or molecular research on RILD.
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Da, Chuang Ho, and 莊和達. "Probability Model for Biology Integrated Normal Tissue Complication Based on Radiation Induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07681532086873442640.
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碩士輔仁大學
應用統計學研究所
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Sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common complication of radiation therapy in the upper head and neck region. To determine the relationship between the radiation dose to the inner ear and long-term hearing loss, in this thesis, we estimated the dose response relationship for SNHL using Lyman model. Patients with newly diagnosed AJCC Stage I–IV Nasopharynx carcinoma treated from 2000–2003 were identified. The records of 348 ears in 174 patients who received a pre-irradiation pure tone audiogram and follow up audiograms 36 months post-irradiation were included in the analysis. All patients were treated with conventional radiotherapy to 70-74.4 Gy and received cis-diamino-dichloro-platinum (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. Pre-treatment and post-radiotherapy audiograms at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were obtained. The audiograms included assessment of bone conduction thresholds at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. We fitted the probability of developing late toxicity within 3 years with the radiation induced SNHL by using Lyman NTCP model. A maximum likelihood analysis yielded good estimates for the Lyman NTCP model parameters for the inner ear for the entire patient population. Statistical analysis of the Lyman model was performed. Evaluation of goodness of fit and confidence intervals were conducted. The Lyman model parameters TD50(1) (the dose to the whole organ leading to a complication probability of 50%) was found to be 57, 56, 47Gy at 1st year, 2nd year and 3rd year post-radiotherapy at 8kHz and 65, 62, 50Gy at 4kHz. The volume dependence parameter n and the slope of the dose response relationship m were estimated to be nearly 0.02 and 0.85, respectively. The inner ear is a critical structure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The dose to the inner ear should be carefully considered when planning radiation treatment in this region.
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Takam, Rungdham. "Evaluation of normal tissue complication probability and risk of second primary cancer in prostate radiotherapy." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/64721.
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The probabilities of developing radiation-induced normal tissue complications and second primary cancers were evaluated using dose-volume histograms as well as dose measurements covering a range of radiotherapy techniques including External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) and Brachytherapy (BT) for prostate cancer. There are two major parts in this thesis. In the first part, the Dose-Volume Histograms (DVHs) of the Organs-At-Risk (OARs) such as rectum, bladder, urethra, and femoral heads were retrieved from the radiation treatment plans of 4-field standard
fractionated (2 Gy/fraction) Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to total dose of 64 Gy, 4-field hypofractionated (2.75 Gy/fraction) 3D-CRT to total dose of 55 Gy, 5-field 3D-CRT to total dose of 70 Gy, 4-field 3D-CRT to total dose of 70 and 74 Gy, Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (LDR-BT) with I-125, High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (HDR-BT) with Ir-192, and combined-modality treatment (3D-CRT & HDR-BT) techniques. The DVHs of these normal organs/tissues were converted to Biologically Effective Dose based DVHs (BEffDVHs) and Equivalent Dose based DVHs (DeqVHs) respectively in order to account for differences in radiation treatment modality and fractionation schedule. For assessment of the Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP), the Lyman and Relative Seriality NTCP models were applied to the differential DeqVHs of the OARs. For the assessment of risk of radiation-induced Second Primary Cancer (SPC), the Competitive Risk model was used. In total, 223 DVHs from 101 patients were analysed in this thesis. In the second part, a radiation dosimetry technique was developed and used in measuring the doses delivered to distant organs/tissues (e.g. lungs and thyroid) as a result of prostate irradiation. In this case, simulation of prostate cancer radiotherapy was performed with the anthropomorphic Rando phantom using 4-field 3D-CRT technique to the total dose of 80 Gy with the 18 MV X-ray beam from Varian iX linear accelerator (linac). Radiation doses at different locations in the Rando phantom resulting from scattered and leakage photon and neutron radiations were measured using enriched 6Li and 7Li LiF:Mg,Cu,P glass-rod thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs). Results indicated that with hypofractionated 3D-CRT (20 fractions of 2.75-Gy fraction and 5 times/week to total dose of 55 Gy) NTCP of rectum, bladder and urethra were less than those for standard fractionated 3D-CRT using 4-field technique (32 fractions of 2-Gy fraction and 5 times/week to total dose of 64 Gy) and dose-escalated 3D-CRT. Rectal and bladder NTCPs (5.2% and 6.6% respectively) following the dose-escalated 4-field 3D-CRT (2 Gy per fraction to total dose of 74 Gy) were the highest amongst the analysed treatment techniques. The average NTCP for rectum and urethra were 0.6% and 24.7% for LDR-BT and 0.5% and 11.2% for HDR-BT. Although brachytherapy techniques resulted in delivering larger equivalent doses to normal tissues, the corresponding NTCPs were lower than those of external beam techniques except in the case of urethra due to much smaller volumes irradiated to higher doses. Amongst normal tissues analysed, femoral heads were found to have the lowest probability of complications as most of their volume was irradiated to lower equivalent doses compared to other tissues. The average estimated radiation-induced SPC risk was no greater than 0.6% for all treatment plans corresponding to various treatment techniques but was lower for either LDR or HDR brachytherapy alone compared with any EBRT technique. For LDR and HDR brachytherapy alone, the risk of SPC for rectum was approximately 2.0 x 10-4% and 8.3 x 10-5% respectively compared with 0.2% for EBRT using 5-field 3D-CRT to total dose 74 Gy. Treatment plans which deliver equivalent doses of around 3 – 5 Gy to normal tissues were associated with higher risks of development of cancers. Results from TLDs measurements in the Rando phantom indicated that photon doses were highest close to the irradiation volume and the photon dose equivalent ratio (dose equivalent per unit of target dose) decreases proportionally with the distance from the isocentre (e.g. 6.5 mSv/Gy for small intestine to 0.2 mSv/Gy for thyroid). In contrast, the dose equivalent ratio of neutrons in the Rando phantom was observed to be constant at approximately 5.7 mSv/Gy for up to 50 centimeters from the edge of the treatment field (from pancreas to oesophagus). The total dose equivalent (photon and neutron) for each organ/tissue approximated for the 4-field standard fractionated 3D-CRT technique to total dose of 80 Gy using 18 MV X-ray beam from Varian iX linac ranged between 323.0 mSv (for thyroid) and 1203.7 mSv (for colon). Based on the competitive risk model and on the assumptions that the dose equivalents were uniformly distributed in the volumes of these organs/tissues, the estimated risks of SPC range from 1.5% (in thyroid) up to 4.5% (in colon). Different radiation treatment techniques for prostate cancer are associated with different probabilities of developing radiation-induced normal tissue complications and second primary cancers. In the case of brachytherapy for prostate cancer, due to its specific dose-volume characteristics in addition to not having the leakage or neutron radiation associated with external beam radiotherapy, this treatment modality is associated with a reduced risk of NTCP and SPC compared with EBRT techniques for both organs situated close to and organs situated at a distance from the treatment field. In this current work, the radiation dosimetry technique based on the 6LiF:Mg,Cu,P and 7LiF:Mg,Cu,P glass-rod TLDs was developed to determine the radiation doses received by organs/tissues positioned away from the irradiation field due to scattered and leakage photons and neutrons. This radiation measurement technique enables the evaluation of the prostate radiation treatment plan to include the assessment of organs/tissues of interest in both high and low dose regions. It was demonstrated in this thesis that the relative seriality (NTCP) and the competitive risk (SPC) are useful models which can be used for the purpose of relative comparison and evaluation of prostate radiation treatment plans even though they may need to be further verified and fine tuned against clinical data.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemistry and Physics, 2010
Book chapters on the topic "Normal tissue complication probability"
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Troicki, Filip T., Filip T. Troicki, Filip T. Troicki, Carlos A. Perez, Wade L. Thorstad, Brandon J. Fisher, Larry C. Daugherty, et al. "Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP)." In Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology, 560. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85516-3_341.
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Deasy, Joseph O., and Issam El Naqa. "Image-Based Modeling of Normal Tissue Complication Probability for Radiation Therapy." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 211–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36744-6_11.
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Gulliford, Sarah. "Modelling of Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities (NTCP): Review of Application of Machine Learning in Predicting NTCP." In Machine Learning in Radiation Oncology, 277–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18305-3_17.
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Hensley, F. W., G. Becker, R. Lohrum, J. T. Lyman, G. Gademann, D. Fehrentz, W. Schlegel, M. Flentje, and W. J. Lorenz. "Biological Treatment Planning: Calculation of Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities Based on Dose-Volume Analysis of Three-Dimensional Treatment Plans." In Tumor Response Monitoring and Treatment Planning, 441–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48681-4_73.
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Andreassen, Christian Nicolaj. "The Biological Basis for Differences in Normal Tissue Response to Radiation Therapy and Strategies to Establish Predictive Assays for Individual Complication Risk." In Pathobiology of Cancer Regimen-Related Toxicities, 19–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5438-0_2.
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"Normal Tissue Complication Probability." In Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures, 4271. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_6213.
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"Tumor Control and Normal Tissue Complication Probability Models in Radiation Therapy." In Tutorials in Radiotherapy Physics, 235–96. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. |: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315381961-13.
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Balosso, Jacques, Valentin Calugaru, Abdulhamid Chaikh, and Juliette Thariat. "Normal Tissue Complication Probability Reduction in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Patients Using Proton Therapy." In Advances in Particle Therapy, 145–54. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22229-11.
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Englert, Joshua A., and Rebecca Marlene Baron. "Sepsis Syndrome." In The Brigham Intensive Review of Internal Medicine, 395–402. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199358274.003.0039.
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Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation leading to tissue injury that arises as a complication of an infection. According to current paradigms, sepsis arises as a result of the infection of a normally sterile body compartment. Infection leads to activation of the innate immune system to produce a systemic inflammatory response. This response is a necessary component of the body's defense against infection under normal conditions, but it is the lack of regulation of this response that is central to the pathogenesis of sepsis. As discussed in more detail below, this dysregulated inflammatory state can lead to tissue injury and dysfunction in organs not involved in the original infectious insult. Although sepsis remains a condition with exceedingly high morbidity and mortality, recent early management and treatment strategies have demonstrated exciting improvements in overall outcomes.
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Dutta, Debnarayan, and Yarlagadda Sreenija. "Radiation Induced Liver Toxicity." In Hepatotoxicity [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105410.
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Liver was always considered to be ‘highly sensitive’ to radiation therapy (RT) and was not considered ‘safe’ for radiation therapy treatment. The most significant radiation induced liver toxicity was described by Ingold et al. as “Radiation hepatitis.” Historically, radiation to liver lesions with curative intent or incidental exposure during adjacent organ treatment or total body irradiation implied whole organ irradiation due to lack of high precision technology. Whole organ irradiation led to classic clinical picture termed as “Radiation Induced Liver Disease (RILD).” In conventional fractionation, the whole liver could be treated only to the doses of 30–35Gy safely, which mostly serves as palliation rather than cure. With the advent of technological advancements like IMRT, especially stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT), the notion of highly precise and accurate treatment has been made practically possible. The toxicity profile for this kind of focused radiation was certainly different from that of whole organ irradiation. There have been attempts made to characterize the effects caused by the high precision radiation. Thus, the QUANTEC liver paper distinguished RILD to ‘classic’ and ‘non-classic’ types. Classic RILD is defined as ‘anicteric hepatomegaly and ascites’, and also can also have elevated alkaline phosphatase (more than twice the upper limit of normal or baseline value). This is the type of clinical picture encountered following irradiation of whole or greater part of the organ. Non-classic RILD is defined by elevated liver transaminases more than five times the upper limit of normal or a decline in liver function (measured by a worsening of Child-Pugh score by 2 or more), in the absence of classic RILD. In patients with baseline values more than five times the upper limit of normal, CTCAE Grade 4 levels are within 3 months after completion of RT. This is the type of RILD that is encountered typically after high-dose radiation to a smaller part of liver. It is commonly associated with infective etiology. Emami et al. reported the liver tolerance doses or TD 5/5 (5% complication rate in 5 years) as 50 Gy for one-third (33%) of the liver, 35 Gy for two-thirds (67%) of the liver, and 30 Gy for the whole liver (100%). Liver function (Child Pugh Score), infective etiology, performance status and co-morbidities influence the radiation induced toxicity. Lyman–Kutcher–Burman (LKB)-NTCP model was used to assess dose-volume risk of RILD. Lausch et al. at London Regional Cancer Program (LRCP), developed a logistic TCP model. Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) reported recommendations that mean normal liver dose should be <18 Gy for baseline CP-A patients and < 6 Gy for those with CP-B, for a 6-fraction SBRT regimen. The University of Colorado phase 1 clinical trial of SBRT for liver metastases described the importance of the liver volume spared, that is, ‘critical volume model.’ It is estimated that a typical normal liver volume is approximately 2000 mL and specified that a minimum volume of 700 mL or 35% of normal liver should remain uninjured by SBRT i.e. at least 700 mL of normal liver (entire liver minus cumulative GTV) had to receive at total dose less than 15 Gy. In treatment regimen of 48 Gy in 3 fractions, CP-A patients were required to either limit the dose to 33% of the uninvolved liver (D33%) < 10 Gy and maintain the liver volume receiving <7 Gy to <500 cc. In more conservative treatment regimen, such as in 40 Gy in 5 fractions schedule, CP-B7 patients had to meet constraints of D33% < 18 Gy and/or > 500 cc receiving <12 Gy. The concept of body surface area (BSA) and Basal Metabolic Index (BMI) guided estimation of optimal liver volume is required to estimate the liver volume need to be spared during SBRT treatment. Radiation induced liver injury is potentially hazardous complication. There is no definitive treatment and a proportion of patient may land up in gross decompensation. Usually supportive care, diuretics, albumin supplement, and vitamin K replacement may be useful. Better case selection will avert incidence of RILD. Precise imaging, contouring, planning and respecting normal tissue constraints are critical. Radiation delivery with motion management and image guidance will allow delivery of higher dose and spare normal liver and hence will improve response to treatment and reduce RILD.
Conference papers on the topic "Normal tissue complication probability"
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Dinapoli, Nicola, Anna Rita Alitto, Mauro Vallati, Rosa Autorino, Roberto Gatta, Luca Boldrini, Andrea Damiani, Giovanna Mantini, and Vincenzo Valentini. "RadioBio data: A Moddicom Module to Predict Tumor Control Probability and Normal Tissue Complication Probability in Radiotherapy." In 9th International Conference on Health Informatics. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005693502770281.
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Li Bing Zhou, Zhengdong, Shen Junshu, and Dai Wei. "A simple program to calculate normal tissue complication probability in external beam radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma." In 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccasm.2010.5619029.
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Ford, I., P. G. Newrick, R. Malik, F. E. Preston, J. D. Ward, and M. Greaves. "HAEMOSTATIC PARAMETERS, ENDONEURIAL OXYGEN TENSION AND SURAL NERVE HISTOLOGY IN DIABETES MELLITUS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643107.
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We have examined coagulation parameters in 15 neuropathic (Group A) and 10 complication-free diabetic patients (Group B). Venesection and sample testing were performed under standard conditions. Group A underwent sural nerve biopsy and 14 also had measurements of endoneurial oxygen tension. Factor VIII related antigen was higher in Group A (l-617u/ml ± 0.67) compared to Group B (0.944u/ml ± 0.26); (mean ± SD; p<.0.05) perhaps suggesting endothelial cell damage, although this did not correlate with capillary basement membrane thickness or endothelial cell number nor with endoneurial oxygen levels. Platelets from Group A were more sensitive to arachidonate than those of Group B, showing aggregation thresholds in platelet rich plasma of 0.36 ± 0.17mM and 0.57 ± 0.9mM respectively compared with 0.65 ± 0.37mM in non-diabetic controls.Platelets from Group A subjects also produced more thromboxane B2 in response to arachidonate than Group B or normal controls (37.95 ± 27.5; 25.5 ± 13.0; 16.55 ± 15-5pmol/107 platelets). Blood fibrinolytic capacity measured by euglobulin clot lysis time, was diminished in NIDDs (post-occlusion ECLT 165.7 mins ± 116.0), compared to IDDs (55.5 ± 34.5) (p<0.05) due at least in part to excess of tissue plasminogen-activator inhibitor, although we found no significant difference in ECLT between Group A and Group B. Interaction between haemostatic and microvascular abnormalities in diabetes may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
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Bao, Guangyu, Xiaomin Chen, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. "Optimization of Anastomotic Geometry for Vascular Access Fistula." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-26130.
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Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is one type of vascular access which is a surgically created vein used to remove and return blood during hemodialysis [1]. It is a long-term treatment for kidney failure. Although clinical treatment and technology have both achieved great improvements in recent years, the vascular access for hemodialysis still has significant early failure rates after the insertion of AVF in patients [2]. Studies have shown that stenosis in the vascular access circuit is the single major cause for access morbidity. Majority of efforts to understand the mechanisms of stenosis formation, and its prevention and management have largely focused on understanding and managing this complication based on the pathophysiology, tissue histology and molecular biology; however these efforts have not resulted in significant progress to date. We believe that the major impact in this area will come from continued and accurate understanding of the hemodynamics, and by development of techniques of intervention to modulate factors such as flow rates, pressures and compliance of the circuit. The goal of this paper is to study anastomotic models of AV access using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and optimize them to minimize the wall shear stress (WSS). In order to achieve this goal, the commercial CFD software FLUENT [3] is employed in conjunction with a single objective genetic algorithm [4]. Computations for two types of AVF currently in use in clinical practice are performed. AVF with 25° angle/3–4mm diameter and 90° angle/3–5mm diameter are selected to conduct the optimization. A single-objective genetic algorithm is employed in the optimization process and a k-kl-ω turbulence model is employed in CFD simulations; this model can accurately compute transitional/turbulent flows. In order to optimize for the same flow conditions, a fixed boundary condition is used during the optimization process. Computations for 16 to 20 generations of the selected AVFs are obtained from the genetic algorithm solver. The maximum WSS in the two AVFs considered are 6997.8 and 7750 dynes/cm2; however, the maximum WSS in the shape-optimized AVFs are reduced to 3511.2 and 4293.9 dynes/cm2 respectively, which have decreased by 49.82% and 44.59% respectively. Thus, the probability of the formation of stenosis in AVFs and early failure rates of vascular access are reduced by using the optimized AVFs.
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Bao, Guangyu, Xiaomin Chen, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. "Optimization of Anastomotic Geometry for Vascular Access Fistula." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7612.
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Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is one type of vascular access which is a surgically created vein used to remove and return blood during hemodialysis [1]. It is a long-term treatment for kidney failure. Although clinical treatment and technology have both achieved great improvements in recent years, the vascular access for hemodialysis still has significant early failure rates after the insertion of AVF in patients [2]. Studies have shown that stenosis in the vascular access circuit is the single major cause for access morbidity. Majority of efforts to understand the mechanisms of stenosis formation, and its prevention and management have largely focused on understanding and managing this complication based on the pathophysiology, tissue histology and molecular biology; however these efforts have not resulted in significant progress to date. We believe that the major impact in this area will come from continued and accurate understanding of the hemodynamics, and by development of techniques of intervention to modulate factors such as flow rates, pressures and compliance of the circuit. The goal of this paper is to study anastomotic models of AV access using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and optimize them to minimize the wall shear stress (WSS). In order to achieve this goal, the commercial CFD software FLUENT [3] is employed in conjunction with a single objective genetic algorithm [4]. Computations for two types of AVF currently in use in clinical practice are performed. AVF with 25° angle/3–4mm diameter and 90° angle/3–5mm diameter are selected to conduct the optimization. A single-objective genetic algorithm is employed in the optimization process and a k-kl-ω turbulence model is employed in CFD simulations; this model can accurately compute transitional/turbulent flows. In order to optimize for the same flow conditions, a fixed boundary condition is used during the optimization process. Computations for 16 to 20 generations of the selected AVFs are obtained from the genetic algorithm solver. The maximum WSS in the two AVFs considered are 6997.8 and 7750 dynes/cm2; however, the maximum WSS in the shape-optimized AVFs are reduced to 3511.2 and 4293.9 dynes/cm2 respectively, which have decreased by 49.82% and 44.59% respectively. Thus, the probability of the formation of stenosis in AVFs and early failure rates of vascular access are reduced by using the optimized AVFs.
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Gutierrez, Gustavo, and Mauricio Giordano. "Study of the Bioheat Equation Using Monte Carlo Simulations for Local Magnetic Hyperthermia." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67460.
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Hyperthermia is a type of cancer treatment in which cancer cells are exposed to high temperatures (up to 44–45°C). Research has shown that high temperatures can damage and kill cancer cells, by a localized and concentrated heating source. By killing cancer cells and damaging proteins and structures within cells, hyperthermia may shrink tumors, with minimal injury to normal tissues. Penne’s bio-heat equation is used to model a heat diffusion process inside a tumor, modeled as a spherical domain with magnetic nanoparticles distributed within the diseased tissue. These magnetic particles are considered as point heat sources. Heat is generated as the result of magnetic relaxation mechanisms (Brownian and Neel relaxation) by the application of alternating magnetic fields. The Bio-Heat equation is solved using Monte Carlo techniques. Monte Carlo simulations are based on departing random walkers from the point where temperature is going to be determined. The probability in each step of the random walk is given by the coefficients of the nodal temperatures after a Finite Difference Discretization of the Penne’s bio-heat diffusion equation. The main advantage of Monte Carlo simulations versus classical numerical methods lies in the possibility of solving the temperature in a specific point without solving for all the points within the domain. This feature and the fact that each random walk is independent from each other results in an easy parallelization of the computer code. Parametric studies of the temperature profiles are carried out to study the effect of different parameters like the heat generation rate, perfusion rate and diameter of the point source on the maximum temperature and on the temperature profile.
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Giannelli, B. F. "MOLECULAR GENETICS OF HAEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643981.
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Haemophilia B, an X-linked recessive disease with an incidence of 1/30,000 newborn males, is due to defects in the gene for coagulation factor IX, which is on the long am of the X chromosome at band Xq27.1. This gene consists of approximately 34 Kb and contains 8 exons which specify a mRtfc of 2803 residues coding for a protein of 415 aa preceded by a prepro signal peptide of 46 aa. Coripanson of the functional domains of the factor IX protein with the exon structure of the gene supports the exon/protein domain hypothesis of gene evolution. The factor IX gene seems to be formed by a number of functionally and evolutionally independent modules. The signal peptide and the gla (γcarboxy-glutamic) region encoded in the first three exons are homologous to those of factor X, protein C and prothrombin. Thevfourth and fifth exons which code for the connecting peptide are homologous to one another and to the epidermal growth factor, a module that has been used in the construction of a great variety of proteins including different members of the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. The sixth exon encodes the activation peptide region, while the catalytic region of factor IX is coded by the seventh and eighth exon. This is at variance with other serine protease genes that have different exons for the segments containing the cardinal ami no-acids of the active centre (histidine, aspartic acid and serine).Natural selection acts against detrimental mutations of the factor IX gene and at each generation a proportion of haemophilia B genes is eliminated, as a significant number of patients does not reproduce. There appears to be no selective advantage to the heterozygote and therefore haemophilia B is maintained in the population by new mutations. Consequently, a significant proportion of patients should be born to non-carrier mothers, and unrelated patients should carry different gene defects, as recently verified by detailed analysis of individual haemophilia B genes.The defects of factor IX described so far comprise both point mutations and gene deletions. The latter affect either part or the whole of the gene and are often associated with the development of antibodies against therapeutically adninistered factor IX (the inhibitor complication). Since gene deletions may result in the complete absenceof factor IX synthesis or in the production of an extremely abnormal product, it has been suggested that mutationspreventing the synthesis of a factor IX gene product capable of inducing immune tolerance to normal factor IX is important in predisposing to the inhibitor complication.Among the point mutations described so far, those affecting the signal peptide are of particular interest. Substitutions of the arginine at positions -4 and -1 cause failure of propeptide cleavage. Thus they indicate that the propeptide consists of 18 aa an(lthat lts excision is necessary for factor IX function. It appears also that the propeptide contains a signal for γcarboxylation which has been conserved during the evolution of different γcarboxylated proteins.In spite of coagulant treatment, haemophilia B is a serious disease and one for which genetic counselling is required. Paramount for this is the detection of carriers and the diagnosis ofaffected male fetuses. DNA probes derived from the cloned factor IX gene have been used for this purpose. Carrier and first or second trimester prenatal diagnoses have been done using factors IX gene markers to follow the transmission of haemophilia B genes. Six sequence variations causing restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the factor IX gene have been detected and used as markers for such indirect diagnoses The efficiency of the above markers is reduced by linkage disequilibrium but, nevertheless, they offer definite carrier and nremtal diagnoses in 75-80% of the relatives of familial cases of haemophilia B.The indirect detection of gene defects is of modest help in the counselling of individuals from the families of isolated patients, but new methods for the direct detection of gene mutations promise better results in such families and also the attainment of % diagnostic success in relatives of familial cases.Finally the successful expression of recombinant factor IX genes in tissue culture and transgenic mammals raises hopes of therapeutic advances.
Reports on the topic "Normal tissue complication probability"
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Zhang, Chunxi, Fangfang Xie, Runchang Li, Ningxin Cui, and Jiayuan Sun. Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0115.
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Review question / Objective: What is the overall diagnostic yield and complication rate of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions? Condition being studied: Many of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) may represent early-stage lung cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are crucial for a better prognosis. With the widespread use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), the detection rate of PPLs is increasing. As a result, the number of PPLs requiring biopsy is progressively increasing. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) are the main modalities of non-surgical biopsy for PPLs. TTNA has a diagnostic yield of 90%, however, it also has a pneumothorax rate of 25%. Since TBLB avoids destroying the structure of normal pleura and lung tissue, the incidence of complications is lower. Unfortunately, traditional flexible bronchoscopy has a modest sensitivity of 34% and 63% for lesions 2 cm, respectively. The advent of guided bronchoscopy has increased the diagnostic yield to 70%. However, there is still a gap in diagnostic yield compared with TTNA. The advent of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) is expected to further improve the diagnostic yield of TBLB for PPLs. However, the diagnostic performance of RAB for PPLs has not reached a consensus.