Journal articles on the topic 'Normal open points'
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Kushwaha, S. K. P., K. R. Dayal, A. Singh, and K. Jain. "BUILDING FACADE AND ROOFTOP SEGMENTATION BY NORMAL ESTIMATION FROM UAV DERIVED RGB POINT CLOUD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (November 29, 2019): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-173-2019.
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Abstract. Point cloud segmentation is a significant process to organise an unstructured point cloud. In this study, RGB point cloud was generated with the help of images acquired from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). A dense urban area was considered with varying planar features in the built-up environment along with buildings with different floors. Initially, using Cloth Simulation Filter (CSF) filter, the ground and the non-ground features in the Point Cloud Data (PCD) were segmented, with non-ground features comprising trees and buildings and ground features comprising roads, ground vegetation, and open land. Subsequently, using CANUPO classifier the trees and building points were classified. Noise filtering removed the points which have less density in clusters. Point cloud normals were generated for the building points. For segmentation building elements, normal vector components in different directions (X component, Y component and Z component) were used to segment out the facade, and the roof points of the buildings as the surface normals corresponding to the roof will have a higher contribution in the z component of the normal vector. The validation of the segmentation is done by comparing the results with manually identified roof points and façade points in the point cloud. Overall accuracies obtained for building roof and building facade segmentation are 90.86 % and 84.83 % respectively.
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Devia, N. Durga, Raja Rajeswari, and P. Thangavelu. "New forms of separation spaces in bitopology." Journal of Advanced Studies in Topology 7, no. 3 (August 11, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.20454/jast.2016.1104.
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The aim of this paper is to study how distinct points and a point and a closed set not containing that points are separated by non overlapping open neighborhoods, in a bitopological space. The separation is studied with respect to a new type of \((1,2)\alpha\)-open set together with a continuous function. We named the new axioms as star-ultra \(T_{1}\), star-ultra \(T_{2}\), star-ultra regular and normal. The star-ultra regular spaces is studied in two different ways and are called as A-star-ultra regular and B-star-ultra regular spaces.
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Shrivastava, Samir, Karan Sonpar, and Federica Pazzaglia. "Normal Accident Theory versus High Reliability Theory: A resolution and call for an open systems view of accidents." Human Relations 62, no. 9 (August 13, 2009): 1357–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726709339117.
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We resolve the longstanding debate between Normal Accident Theory (NAT) and High-Reliability Theory (HRT) by introducing a temporal dimension. Specifically, we explain that the two theories appear to diverge because they look at the accident phenomenon at different points of time. We, however, note that the debate’s resolution does not address the non-falsifiability problem that both NAT and HRT suffer from. Applying insights from the open systems perspective, we reframe NAT in a manner that helps the theory to address its non-falsifiability problem and factor in the role of humans in accidents. Finally, arguing that open systems theory can account for the conclusions reached by NAT and HRT, we proceed to offer pointers for future research to theoretically and empirically develop an open systems view of accidents.
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Zhang, Shenman, Pengjie Tao, Lei Wang, Yaolin Hou, and Zhihua Hu. "Improving Details of Building Façades in Open LiDAR Data Using Ground Images." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040420.
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Recent open data initiatives allow free access to a vast amount of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data in many cities. However, most open LiDAR data of cities are acquired by airborne scanning, where points on building façades are sparse or even completely missing due to occlusions in the urban environment, leading to the absence of façade details. This paper presents an approach for improving the LiDAR data coverage on building façades by using point cloud generated from ground images. A coarse-to-fine strategy is proposed to fuse these two-point clouds of different sources with very limited overlaps. First, the façade point cloud generated from ground images is leveled by adjusting the facade normal to perpendicular to the upright direction. Then leveling façade point cloud is geolocated by alignment between images GPS data and their structure from motion (SfM) coordinates. Next, a modified coherent point drift algorithm with (surface) normal consistency is proposed to accurately align the façade point cloud to the LiDAR data. The significance of this work resides in the use of 2D overlapping points on the building outlines instead of the limited 3D overlap between the two-point clouds. This way we can still achieve reliable and precise registration under incomplete coverage and ambiguous correspondence. Experiments show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the façade details in open LiDAR data, and achieve 2 to 10 times higher registration accuracy, when compared to classic registration methods.
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Diaaeldin, Ibrahim Mohamed, Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem, Ahmed El-Rafei, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, and Ahmed F. Zobaa. "Enhancement of Hosting Capacity with Soft Open Points and Distribution System Reconfiguration: Multi-Objective Bilevel Stochastic Optimization." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 5446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205446.
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Soft open points (SOPs) are power electronic devices that replace the normal open points in active distribution systems. They provide resiliency in terms of transferring electrical power between adjacent feeders and delivering the benefits of meshed networks. In this work, a multi-objective bilevel optimization problem is formulated to maximize the hosting capacity (HC) of a real 59-node distribution system in Egypt and an 83-node distribution system in Taiwan, using distribution system reconfiguration (DSR) and SOP placement. Furthermore, the uncertainty in the load is considered to step on the real benefits of allocating SOPs along with DSR. The obtained results validate the effectiveness of DSR and SOP allocation in maximizing the HC of the studied distribution systems with low cost.
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White, Homer S. "Algorithmic complexity of points in dynamical systems." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 13, no. 4 (December 1993): 807–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700007653.
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AbstractThis work is based on the author's dissertation. We examine the algorithmic complexity (in the sense of Kolmogorov and Chaitin) of the orbits of points in dynamical systems. Extending a theorem of A. A. Brudno, we note that for any ergodic invariant probability measure on a compact dynamical system, almost every trajectory has a limiting complexity equal to the entropy of the system. We use these results to show that for minimal dynamical systems, and for systems with the tracking property (a weaker version of specification), the set of points whose trajectories have upper complexity equal to the topological entropy is residual. We give an example of a topologically transitive system with positive entropy for which an uncountable open set of points has upper complexity equal to zero. We use techniques from universal data compression to prove a recurrence theorem: if a compact dynamical system has a unique measure of maximal entropy, then any point whose lower complexity is equal to the topological entropy is generic for that unique measure. Finally, we discuss algorithmic versions of the theorem of Kamae on preservation of the class of normal sequences under selection by sequences of zero Kamae-entropy.
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Bayramov, Sadi, and Cigdem Gunduz. "Mappings on intuitionistic fuzzy topology of soft sets." Filomat 35, no. 13 (2021): 4341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2113341b.
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The present study is devoted to describe the concepts of continuous mapping, open mapping and closed mapping by using soft points on intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. Along, continuous mapping, open mapping and closed mapping on intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces and their characterizations are also introduced. At the end, some of the crucial properties of the proposed concepts are investigated. Taking advantage of intuitionistic fuzzy topology, we obtain the family of soft topologies and normal topologies. It is clear that the category of intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces is an extension both the category of soft topological spaces and the category of topological spaces.
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Prizov, Aleksey P., Nikolai V. Zagorodnii, Artem A. Nikitin, Fedor L. Lazko, Evgeniy A. Belyak, Alexander A. Akhpashev, and Maxim F. Lazko. "Excessive hypercorrection after an open wedge high tibial osteotomy: a clinical case." Journal of Clinical Practice 13, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract84475.
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Background: Currently, there is a tendency to increasing the proportion of knee joint organ-preserving surgeries. High tibial osteotomy (HTO) has proven itself a good method for the treatment of the knee joint varus deformity in extra-articular deformity cases. The question of the perfect angle of correction, which will not significantly impair the biomechanics of the knee and adjacent joints, remains controversial, as well as the issue of preventing excessive hypercorrection as an osteotomy complication.
Clinical case description: A clinical case of a 59-year-old patient who underwent primary and revision HTOs is analyzed in this article. The patient had a varus deformity of the left lower limb with isolated medial knee osteoarthritis. The patients body mass index (BMI) was 28 kg/m2. The patient complained only of pain and a limited range of motion in the knee joint. According to the arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, there was a cartilage damage classified as Outerbridge 4 stage of the medial compartment. There were no signs of a lateral compartment cartilage damage and patellofemoral joint arthritis. The varus deformity of the knee joint was 10. The patient underwent a medial high tibial open wedge osteotomy. During the preoperative planning, topograms of the lower limb with weight bearing were used. The clinical status before the operation, according to the used scales, was as follows: Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) 46 points, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 7 cm, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) 92 points. 6 months after the initial surgery, the clinical status was as follows: knee joint VAS 1 cm, ankle joint VAS 5 cm, KOOS 88 points, AOFAS 63 points. During the clinical examination and according to the instrumental studies, excessive valgus hypercorrection of 11.2 was noted. Also, the tibial plafond inclination (TPI) and the talar inclination (TI) were significantly increased. 1.5 years after the primary osteotomy, a revision closed wedge osteotomy was performed. The valgus deformity of the knee joint became 3, the axis of the ankle joint changed to the normal values. The clinical and functional results 6 months after the revision osteotomy were the following: KOOS 92 points, AOFAS 99 points, pain in the knee and ankle joint 1 cm by the VAS scale.
Conclusions: The case showed that the careful preoperative planning and the use of additional methods for monitoring the intraoperative correction were important. Excessive valgus hypercorrection promotes good regeneration of the medial compartment cartilage; however, it overloads a lateral compartment and adversely affects the ankle joint and foot.
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Song, Fu Hua, Peng Hui Li, and Jian Ran Deng. "A New Algorithm of Image Registration Based on Contour Feature." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1092.
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Image registration is an important task in image processing. In this paper, a new and fast contour-based image registration algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, we fetch contour points and calculate the normal angles firstly, then figure out the histogram of the contour-feature points. By computing circular correlation of the histogram, the rotation angle can be gained. As the rotation angle is obtained, it vastly simplifies the complexity of estimating other registration parameters and reduces the calculated amount, thus achieving a fast image registration algorithm. This algorithm has the invariance of rotation, translation and scale, and it has high robustness for either open contour or closed contour.
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Kandasamy, Selvakumar, and Anand V. Singh. "Transient Vibration Analysis of Open Circular Cylindrical Shells." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, no. 3 (November 28, 2005): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2172264.
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A numerical method based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method has been presented for the forced vibration of open cylindrical shells. The equations are derived from the three-dimensional strain-displacement relations in the cylindrical coordinate system. The middle surface of the shell represents the geometry, which is defined by an angle that subtends the curved edges, the length, and the thickness. The displacement fields are generated with a predefined set of grid points on the middle surface using considerably high-order polynomials. Each grid point has five degrees of freedom, viz., three translational components along the cylindrical coordinates and two rotational components of the normal to the middle surface. Then the strain and kinetic energy expressions are obtained in terms of these displacement fields. The differential equation governing the vibration characteristics of the shell is expressed in terms of the mass, stiffness, and the load consistent with the prescribed displacement fields. The transient response of the shell with and without damping is sought by transforming the equation of motion to the state-space model and then the state-space differential equations are solved using the Runge-Kutta algorithm.
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Young, Matthew, Chris Pretty, Sérgio Agostinho, Richard Green, and Xiaoqi Chen. "Loss of Significance and Its Effect on Point Normal Orientation and Cloud Registration." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111329.
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Point normal calculation and cloud registration are two of the most common operations in point cloud processing. However, both are vulnerable to issues of numerical precision and loss of significance. This paper documents how loss of significance in the open-source Point Cloud Library can create erroneous point normals and cause cloud registration to fail. Several test clouds are used to demonstrate how the loss of significance is caused by tight point spacing and clouds being shifted far from the origin of their coordinate system. The results show that extreme loss of significance can cause point normals to be calculated with a random orientation, and cause meters of error during cloud registration. Depending on the structure of the point cloud, loss of significance can occur when the cloud is at hundreds or even tens of meters from the origin of its coordinate system. Shifting to larger data types (e.g., from 32-bit “floats” to 64-bit “doubles”) can alleviate the problem but will not solve it completely. Several “best practice” recommendations for avoiding this issue are proposed. But the only solution guaranteed to eliminate loss of significance is de-meaning the entire cloud, or clusters of points before processing.
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Letzgus, Simon. "Change-point detection in wind turbine SCADA data for robust condition monitoring with normal behaviour models." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 1375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1375-2020.
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Abstract. Analysis of data from wind turbine supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. Its predominant application is to monitor turbine condition without the need for additional sensing equipment. Most approaches apply semi-supervised anomaly detection methods, also called normal behaviour models, that require clean training data sets to establish healthy component baseline models. In practice, however, the presence of change points induced by malfunctions or maintenance actions poses a major challenge. Even though this problem is well described in literature, this contribution is the first to systematically evaluate and address the issue. A total of 600 signals from 33 turbines are analysed over an operational period of more than 2 years. During this time one-third of the signals were affected by change points, which highlights the necessity of an automated detection method. Kernel-based change-point detection methods have shown promising results in similar settings. We, therefore, introduce an appropriate SCADA data preprocessing procedure to ensure their feasibility and conduct comprehensive comparisons across several hyperparameter choices. The results show that the combination of Laplace kernels with a newly introduced bandwidth and regularisation-penalty selection heuristic robustly outperforms existing methods. More than 90 % of the signals were classified correctly regarding the presence or absence of change points, resulting in an F1 score of 0.86. For an automated change-point-free sequence selection, the most severe 60 % of all change points (CPs) could be automatically removed with a precision of more than 0.96 and therefore without any significant loss of training data. These results indicate that the algorithm can be a meaningful step towards automated SCADA data preprocessing, which is key for data-driven methods to reach their full potential. The algorithm is open source and its implementation in Python is publicly available.
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Carruthers, Mollie N., Mark D. Topazian, Arezou Khosroshahi, Thomas E. Witzig, Zachary S. Wallace, Philip A. Hart, Vikram Deshpande, Thomas C. Smyrk, Suresh Chari, and John H. Stone. "Rituximab for IgG4-related disease: a prospective, open-label trial." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 74, no. 6 (February 9, 2015): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206605.
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ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in an open-label pilot trial.MethodsWe treated 30 IgG4-RD patients with two doses of RTX (1000 mg each). The participants were either treated with RTX alone (n = 26; 87%) or required to discontinue baseline glucocorticoids (GC) within 2 months (n = 4; 13%). Disease activity was measured by the IgG4-RD Responder Index (IgG4-RD RI) and physician's global assessment (PGA). Disease response was defined as the improvement of the IgG4-RD RI by two points. The primary outcome, measured at 6 months, was defined as: (1) decline of the IgG4-RD RI ≥2 points compared with baseline; (2) no disease flares before month 6; and (3) no GC use between months 2 and 6. Complete remission was defined as an IgG4-RD RI score of 0 with no GC use.ResultsDisease responses occurred in 97% of participants. The baseline IgG4-RD RI and PGA values, 11±7 and 63±22 mm, respectively, declined to 1±2 and 11±16 mm at 6 months (both p<0.00001). The primary outcome was achieved by 23 participants (77%). Fourteen (47%) were in complete remission at 6 months, and 12 (40%) remained in complete remission at 12 months. Among the 19 with elevated baseline serum IgG4, IgG4 concentrations declined from a mean of 911 mg/dL (range 138–4780 mg/dL) to 422 mg/dL (range 56–2410 mg/dL) at month 6 (p<0.05). However, only 8 (42%) of the 19 achieved normal values.ConclusionsRTX appears to be an effective treatment for IgG4-RD, even without concomitant GC therapy.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01584388.
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Goffman, Alice. "Go to More Parties? Social Occasions as Home to Unexpected Turning Points in Life Trajectories." Social Psychology Quarterly 82, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272518812010.
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Reviving classical attention to gathering times as sites of transformation and building on more recent microsociological work, this paper uses qualitative data to show how social occasions open up unexpected bursts of change in the lives of those attending. They do this by pulling people into a special realm apart from normal life, generating collective effervescence and emotional energy, bringing usually disparate people together, forcing public rankings, and requiring complex choreography, all of which combine to make occasions sites of inspiration and connection as well as sites of offense and violation. Rather than a time out from “real” life, social occasions hold an outsized potential to unexpectedly shift the course that real life takes. Implications for microsociology, social inequality, and the life course are considered.
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Karunarathne, Eshan, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, Janaka Ekanayake, and Dilini Almeida. "The Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in an Active Distribution Network with Several Soft Open Points." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041084.
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A competent methodology based on the active power loss reduction for optimal placement and sizing of distributed generators (DGs) in an active distribution network (ADN) with several soft open points (SOPs) is proposed. A series of SOP combinations are explored to generate different network structures and they are utilized in the optimization framework to identify the possible solutions with minimum power loss under normal network conditions. Furthermore, a generalized methodology to optimize the size and the location of a predefined number of DGs with a predefined number of SOPs is presented. A case study on the modified IEEE 33 bus system with three DGs and five SOPs was conducted and hence the overall network power loss and the voltage improvement were examined. The findings reveal that the system loss of the passive network without SOPs and DGs is reduced by 79.5% using three DGs and five SOPs. In addition, this research work introduces a framework using the DG size and the impedance to the DG integration node, to propose a region where the DGs can be optimally integrated into an ADN that includes several SOPs.
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Liu, Guo Qiang, Chang De Wang, Guang Hua Guan, and Yi Bo Yan. "Modeling, Simulation and Automatic Control of Long Distance Water Transfer in Winter." Advanced Materials Research 304 (July 2011): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.304.322.
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In order to automatically control the long distance water transfer in winter, mathematic models, modes of water transfer in winter, operation methods and control models of long distance canal system are introduced. After receiving the cold current forecast, the discharges must be reduced so as to decrease the flow velocity. When the flow velocities are all below 0.4m/s, ice flowers will accumulate and form ice cover. Then the canal system successfully achieves transition from normal open flow state to icing model state. This paper points the present research process and the further research issues.
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Li, Yanlin, Yushu Zhu, and Qing-You Sun. "Singularities and dualities of pedal curves in pseudo-hyperbolic and de Sitter space." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 18, no. 01 (November 27, 2020): 2150008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887821500080.
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For the spherical unit speed nonlightlike curve in pseudo-hyperbolic space and de Sitter space [Formula: see text] and a given point P, we can define naturally the pedal curve of [Formula: see text] relative to the pedal point P. When the pseudo-sphere dual curve germs are nonsingular, singularity types of such pedal curves depend only on locations of pedal points. In this paper, we give a complete list of normal forms for singularities and locations of pedal points when the pseudo-sphere dual curve germs are nonsingular. Furthermore, we obtain the extension results in dualities, which has wide influence on the open and closed string field theory and string dynamics in physics, and can be used to better solve the dynamics of trajectory particle condensation process.
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DURUMERIC, OGUZ C. "LOCAL STRUCTURE OF IDEAL KNOTS, II CONSTANT CURVATURE CASE." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 18, no. 11 (November 2009): 1525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216509007609.
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The thickness, NIR (K) of a knot or link K is defined to be the radius of the largest open solid tube one can put around the curve without any self intersections of the normal discs, which is also known as the normal injectivity radius of K. For C1,1 curves K, [Formula: see text], where κ(K) is the generalized curvature, and the double critical self distance DCSD (K) is the shortest length of the segments perpendicular to K at both end points. The knots and links in ideal shapes (or tight knots or links) belong to the minima of ropelength = length/thickness within a fixed isotopy class. In this article, we prove that NIR (K) = ½ DCSC (K), for every relative minimum K of ropelength in Rn for certain dimensions n, including n = 3.
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Han, Yu, Tongshu Li, Shiyu Wang, and Jian Chen. "A Flow-Measuring Algorithm of Arc-Bottomed Open Channels through Multiple Characteristic Sensing Points of the Flow-Velocity Sensor in Agricultural Irrigation Areas." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 4504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164504.
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Precise flow measurement in the open channel is a key prerequisite to implementation of modern agricultural efficient water use. The channel with an arc-bottomed shape is the most common channel type in irrigation area at present. The paper has verified the log-law is along the normal line rather than along the vertical line in arc-bottom channel. By conducting the velocity distribution log-law, this paper derives the expression of the multiple characteristic sensing points location of the flow-velocity sensor in the channel section, which is along the normal line. Based on this, a new algorithm to estimate the discharge of the arc-bottomed channel flow is proposed. We have also developed the experiment of the arc-bottomed channels (including semicircular channels, arc-bottom trapezoidal channels and U-shaped channels) and utilize the data to verify the method. The results indicate that the sensing locations expression of the flow velocity measuring sensor such as acoustic doppler velocimetry and propeller is suitable for improving discharge estimation’s accuracy of the arc-bottomed channels. This method could be extensively used in estimating discharge of irrigation and drainage channels in agricultural water conservancy projects. It will enhance the efficiency and accuracy of water resources management departments in irrigation areas, which also meet the strategic requirements of agricultural sustainable development.
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Tománek, Pavol. "Divorce as the Crisis in the Family and the Impact on Children’s Behaviour." Lifelong Learning 4, no. 3 (2014): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele201404038.
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Divorces are becoming available and completely normal solution of a crisis in the family. Although all participants suffer from the divorce, the most affected becomes the child and his future life, no matter a, what age he has to go through this perio. In the study we reflect on marriage and the family, currently going through a crisis. We analyse the divorce as one of the traumatic moments in people's lives and its impact on the child from different points of view. Divorce, however, represents in many cases a redemption from traumatic life situation, therefore the contribution remains open to further professional discussion.
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Re, Angelina Di, James Wei Tatt Toh, Jonathan Iredell, and Grahame Ctercteko. "Metronidazole in the Management of Post-Open Haemorrhoidectomy Pain: Systematic Review." Annals of Coloproctology 36, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.01.08.
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Purpose: Open haemorrhoidectomy is associated with significant postoperative pain. Metronidazole is commonly prescribed in the postoperative period as an adjunct to analgesia in pain management.Methods: In our systematic review, studies were identified using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase/Ovid and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials databases. Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving interventions with oral metronidazole at any dose over any time period. The primary outcome was pain score (visual analogue scale, VAS) after open haemorrhoidectomy. Secondary outcomes included time to return to normal daily activities, additional analgesia usage, and postoperative complications.Results: Of 14 RCTs reviewed, 4 met inclusion criteria and were selected. The studies comprised 336 study subjects and 169 subjects were randomised to metronidazole while 167 were in the control group. There was a significant reduction in VAS across all time points, with maximal reduction seen on day 5 posthaemorrhoidectomy (mean difference, -2.28; 95% confidence interval, -2.49 to -2.08; P < 0.001). There was no difference in incidence of complications (P = 0.13). The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool showed 3 of 4 of the studies had a risk of bias.Conclusion: Metronidazole may be associated with decreased pain but there is insufficient evidence from RCTs to provide a strong grade of recommendation. Further RCTs are required.
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Norouzi, Sadegh, Fateme Esfandiarpour, Ali Shakourirad, Reza Salehi, Mohammad Akbar, and Farzam Farahmand. "Rehabilitation after ACL Injury: A Fluoroscopic Study on the Effects of Type of Exercise on the Knee Sagittal Plane Arthrokinematics." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/248525.
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A safe rehabilitation exercise for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries needs to be compatible with the normal knee arthrokinematics to avoid abnormal loading on the joint structures. The objective of this study was to measure the amount of the anterior tibial translation (ATT) of the ACL-deficient knees during selective open and closed kinetic chain exercises. The intact and injured knees of fourteen male subjects with unilateral ACL injury were imaged using uniplanar fluoroscopy, while the subjects performed forward lunge and unloaded/loaded open kinetic knee extension exercises. The ATTs were measured from fluoroscopic images, as the distance between the tibial and femoral reference points, at seven knee flexion angles, from 0° to 90°. No significant differences were found between the ATTs of the ACL-deficient and intact knees at all flexion angles during forward lunge and unloaded open kinetic knee extension (). During loaded open kinetic knee extension, however, the ATTs of the ACL deficient knees were significantly larger than those of the intact knees at 0° (). It was suggested that the forward lunge, as a weight-bearing closed kinetic chain exercise, provides a safer approach for developing muscle strength and functional stability in rehabilitation program of ACL-deficient knees, in comparison with open kinetic knee extension exercise.
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van Klij, Pim, Marinus P. Heijboer, Abida Z. Ginai, Jan A. N. Verhaar, Jan H. Waarsing, and Rintje Agricola. "Cam morphology in young male football players mostly develops before proximal femoral growth plate closure: a prospective study with 5-yearfollow-up." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 9 (October 15, 2018): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099328.
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ObjectivesCam morphology is not completely understood. The aim of this study was threefold: (1) to investigate if cam morphology development is associated with growth plate status; (2) to examine whether cam morphology continues to develop after growth plate closure; and (3) to qualitatively describe cam morphology development over 5-year follow-up.MethodsAcademy male football players (n=49) participated in this prospective 5-year follow-up study (baseline 12–19 years old). Anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral views were obtained at baseline (142 hips), 2.5-year (126 hips) and 5-year follow-up (98 hips). Cam morphology on these time points was defined as: (A) visual scores of the anterior head-neck junction, classified as: (1) normal, (2) flattening, and (3) prominence; and (B) alpha angle ≥60°. Proximal femoral growth plates were classified as open or closed. Cam morphology development was defined as every increase in visual score and/or increase in alpha angle from <60° to ≥60°, between two time points. This resulted in 224 measurements for cam morphology development analysis.ResultsCam morphology development was significantly associated with open growth plates based on visual score (OR: 10.03, 95% CI 3.49 to 28.84, p<0.001) and alpha angle (OR: 2.85, 95% CI 1.18 to 6.88, p=0.020). With both definitions combined, cam developed in 104 of 142 hips during follow-up. Of these 104 hips, cam developed in 86 hips (82.7%) with open growth plate and in 18 hips (17.3%) with a closed growth plate. Cam morphology developed from 12 to 13 years of age until growth plate closure around 18 years.ConclusionCam morphology of the hip is more likely to develop with an open growth plate.
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Volkov, V. Y. "EXTRACTION OF EXTENDED SMALL-SCALE OBJECTS IN DIGITAL IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W6 (May 18, 2015): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w6-87-2015.
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Detection and localization problem of extended small-scale objects with different shapes appears in radio observation systems which use SAR, infra-red, lidar and television camera. Intensive non-stationary background is the main difficulty for processing. Other challenge is low quality of images, blobs, blurred boundaries; in addition SAR images suffer from a serious intrinsic speckle noise. Statistics of background is not normal, it has evident skewness and heavy tails in probability density, so it is hard to identify it. The problem of extraction small-scale objects is solved here on the basis of directional filtering, adaptive thresholding and morthological analysis. New kind of masks is used which are open-ended at one side so it is possible to extract ends of line segments with unknown length. An advanced method of dynamical adaptive threshold setting is investigated which is based on isolated fragments extraction after thresholding. Hierarchy of isolated fragments on binary image is proposed for the analysis of segmentation results. It includes small-scale objects with different shape, size and orientation. The method uses extraction of isolated fragments in binary image and counting points in these fragments. Number of points in extracted fragments is normalized to the total number of points for given threshold and is used as effectiveness of extraction for these fragments. New method for adaptive threshold setting and control maximises effectiveness of extraction. It has optimality properties for objects extraction in normal noise field and shows effective results for real SAR images.
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Rulaniya, Suresh Kumar, and Soumitra Chandra. "Randomized comparison of stapled haemorrhoidopexy and open haemorrhoidectomy." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 9 (August 25, 2018): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20183733.
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Background: Surgical management of haemorrhoids is reserved for stage III and IV haemorrhoids. Both Milligan-Morgan technique (CH-Conventional Haemorrhoidectomy) and stapled haemorrhoidopexy technique are used as surgical therapy. Our prospective, comparative study of conventional haemorrhoidectomy versus stapled haemorrhoidectomy was designed in present institution.Methods: This prospective randomised comparative study was carried out in present Surgery Dept from July 2016 to December 2017 with total 60 sample size. All data were analysed according to applicable statistical methods. The results were compared to previous studies so as to arrive at a conclusion.Results: The mean duration of surgery with stapled method was 30.76±3.13 minutes and with conventional method was 49.36±4.08 minutes which was significantly high in conventional method. VAS scores for pain at 12 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days for stapled group were 2.63±0.76, 1.66±0.88, 0.90±0.71 and 0.50±0.43 while that for the conventional group were 5.63±0.72, 4.56±1.22, 3.26±1.25 and 2.00±0.69. At all points of time the VAS was significantly lower in stapled group. The mean duration of hospital stay of the patients with stapled method was 3.10±0.75 days and with conventional method was 6.06±0.94 days, which was significantly high in conventional method. The mean time to return to normal activities of the patients with stapled method was 8.16±1.93 days and with conventional method was 12.60±1.67 days, which also significantly high in conventional method.Conclusions: Present study inferred that stapled haemorrhoidopexy is faster, minimally invasive for treatment of haemorrhoids as compared to Conventional haemorrhoidectomy. It is associated less pain and provides a more satisfactory alternative to Conventional surgery because of reduced hospitalisation and earlier return of patient to daily activities, with no significant differences in short term follow up.
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Kopeć, Grzegorz, Krzysztof Kwiatkowski, Piotr Piekarczyk, Bartosz Chwedczuk, and Justyna Gołos. "Comparative Assessment of Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Smith and Colles Distal Radius Fractures." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 20, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5837.
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Background. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment of distal radial fractures following open reduction and fixation with an angle-stable plate in relation to the type of injury (flexion vs. extension fracture). Material and methods. A group of 25 patients with Colles fractures and 25 patients with Smith fractures treated surgically in the years 2012-2013 was analysed retrospectively. The results were evaluated using the quickDASH and Mayo Wrist Score. Radiographic follow-up assessments included radial inclination, radial height, volar tilt and articular step-off. Results. The mean Mayo Wrist Score was 72.8 points for Colles fractures and 68.3 points for Smith fractures. The mean quickDASH score was 18.2 points for Colles fractures and 20.5 points for Smith fractures. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The only significant difference in the radiographic parameters investigated was in volar tilt, which was normal in the group of patients with Smith fractures (11°), whereas in the group with Colles fractures it was 5°. Conclusions. 1. In fractures of the distal radius, the type of displacement has no significant effect on the final outcome of surgical plate fixation. 2. In fractures with dorsal displacement of fragments, it is more difficult to restore volar tilt from a volar approach.
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Börlin, N., A. Murtiyoso, and P. Grussenmeyer. "EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF POSTERIOR COVARIANCE IN BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT IN DBAT FOR PROJECTS WITH LARGE NUMBER OF OBJECT POINTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-737-2020.
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Abstract. One of the major quality control parameters in bundle adjustment are the posterior estimates of the covariance of the estimated parameters. Posterior covariance computations have been part of the open source Damped Bundle Adjustment Toolbox in Matlab (DBAT) since its first public release. However, for large projects, the computation of especially the posterior covariances of object points have been time consuming.The non-zero structure of the normal matrix depends on the ordering of the parameters to be estimated. For some algorithms, the ordering of the parameters highly affect the computational effort needed to compute the results. If the parameters are ordered to have the object points first, the non-zero structure of the normal matrix forms an arrowhead.In this paper, the legacy DBAT posterior computation algorithm was compared to three other algorithms: The Classic algorithm based on the reduced normal equation, the Sparse Inverse algorithm by Takahashi, and the novel Inverse Cholesky algorithm. The Inverse Cholesky algorithm computes the explicit inverse of the Cholesky factor of the normal matrix in arrowhead ordering.The algorithms were applied to normal matrices of ten data sets of different types and sizes. The project sizes ranged from 21 images and 100 object points to over 900 images and 400,000 object points. Both self-calibration and non-self-calibration cases were investigated. The results suggest that the Inverse Cholesky algorithm is the fastest for projects up to about 300 images. For larger projects, the Classic algorithm is faster. Compared to the legacy DBAT implementation, the Inverse Cholesky algorithm provides a performance increase by one to two orders of magnitude. The largest data set was processed in about three minutes on a five year old workstation.The legacy and Inverse Cholesky algorithms were implemented in Matlab. The Classic and Sparse Inverse algorithms included code written in C. For a general toolbox as DBAT, a pure Matlab implementation is advantageous, as it removes any dependencies on, e.g., compilers. However, for a specific lab with mostly large projects, compiling and using the classic algorithm will most likely give the best performance. Nevertheless, the Inverse Cholesky algorithm is a significant addition to DBAT as it enables a relatively rapid computation of more statistical metrics, further reinforcing its application for reprocessing bundle adjustment results of black-box solutions.
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Hu, Shuangnian, and Junyong Zhao. "The Number of Rational Points of a Family of Algebraic Varieties over Finite Fields." Algebra Colloquium 24, no. 04 (November 15, 2017): 705–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386717000475.
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Let 𝔽q stand for the finite field of odd characteristic p with q elements (q = pn, n ∈ ℕ) and [Formula: see text] denote the set of all the nonzero elements of 𝔽q. Let m and t be positive integers. By using the Smith normal form of the exponent matrix, we obtain a formula for the number of rational points on the variety defined by the following system of equations over [Formula: see text] where the integers t > 0, r0 = 0 < r1 < r2 < ⋯ < rt, 1 ≤ n1 < n2 <, ⋯ < nt and 0 ≤ j ≤ t − 1, bk ∊ 𝔽q, ak,i ∊ [Formula: see text] (k = 1, …, m, i = 1, …, rt), and the exponent of each variable is a positive integer. Further, under some natural conditions, we arrive at an explicit formula for the number of 𝔽q-rational points on the above variety. It extends the results obtained previously by Wolfmann, Sun, Wang, Hong et al. Our result gives a partial answer to an open problem raised in [The number of rational points of a family of hypersurfaces over finite fields, J. Number Theory 156 (2015) 135–153].
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Torres-Guijarro, Soledad, Antonio Pena, David Pérez-Cabo, and Norberto Degara-Quintela. "A Study of Wideband Absorbers in a Non-Environment Control Room: Normal Absorption Coefficient Measurement and Analysis." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918526.
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This contribution concludes the study initiated in [1] about the wideband absorbers of the rear wall in a nonenvironment control room at the “Universidade de Vigo”. The specific acoustic impedance will be calculated from microphone signals of a p-p intensity probe, and the H2 estimator will demonstrate that it provides the best estimate both at fixed measuring points and in scanning. The absorption coefficient calculated from the specific acoustic impedance is related to the sound field characterisation in the vicinity of the panels: in the very low frequency region it presents maxima and minima attributable to the behaviour of the channels between panels as open-closed tubes, and also shows the effect of the first transverse standing wave in fixed point measurements performed in the centre of the channel opening. This effect disappears in the scanning measurement providing an average absorption curve in a wide area in front of the absorbers. A simple model can be made from the results for the absorption of the wideband absorbers of the rear wall of the room.
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Bashan, Ibrahim, and Turhan Toros. "The examination of motivational climate and goal orientation in basketball players-who did and did not experience a sports injury." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 4 (October 7, 2018): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i4.5503.
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Aim: In this research it was aimed if there is a difference between mastery-performance climate and task-ego orientation variables of basketball players who did and did not experience a sports injury.Methods: This study group consists of 165 male basketball players who experienced mid-degree and serious sports injuries that are actively playing basketball in 18 years and older basketball teams and 142 male basketball players who did not experience any sports injury, or experienced a minor injury that are actively playing basketball in 18 years and older basketball teams, in total, 307 male basketball players. Participation to the study was done appropriately to the principles of voluntariness and privacy. As data collecting tools, “Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire” and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire’’ were used. For data analysis, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to determine if points show normal distribution or not. Also descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U-test from the nonparametric tests because the distribution was not normal and in order to determine the relation between measure lower dimension Spearman Correlation tests were used. In order to calculate the internal consistency of the scales, Cronbach Alpha test was considered.Findings: According to the research findings, as a result of Mann Whitney U-test no meaningful difference was found between basketball players’s mastery climate average points (U=8902, p>0.05), performance climate average points (U=9121, p>0.05) goal orientation average points (U=9432, p>0.05), ego orientation average points who did and did not experience a sports injury. There is positively meaningful relationship between Goal orientation and Mastery climate (r=0,341), Ego orientation and Performance climate (r=0,618).Conclusions: As a result by handling interactions of different dimensions of sports psychology together, it is thought that it is possible to open new horizons in treating or preventing sports injuries in the future.
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Balado, J., L. Díaz-Vilariño, P. Arias, and I. Garrido. "POINT CLOUDS TO INDOOR/OUTDOOR ACCESSIBILITY DIAGNOSIS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2/W4 (September 13, 2017): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w4-287-2017.
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This work presents an approach to automatically detect structural floor elements such as steps or ramps in the immediate environment of buildings, elements that may affect the accessibility to buildings. The methodology is based on Mobile Laser Scanner (MLS) point cloud and trajectory information. First, the street is segmented in stretches along the trajectory of the MLS to work in regular spaces. Next, the lower region of each stretch (the ground zone) is selected as the ROI and normal, curvature and tilt are calculated for each point. With this information, points in the ROI are classified in horizontal, inclined or vertical. Points are refined and grouped in structural elements using raster process and connected components in different phases for each type of previously classified points. At last, the trajectory data is used to distinguish between road and sidewalks. Adjacency information is used to classify structural elements in steps, ramps, curbs and curb-ramps. The methodology is tested in a real case study, consisting of 100&thinsp;m of an urban street. Ground elements are correctly classified in an acceptable computation time. Steps and ramps also are exported to GIS software to enrich building models from Open Street Map with information about accessible/inaccessible entrances and their locations.
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Richards, Toby, Ravishankar Rao Baikady, Ben Clevenger, Anna Butcher, Sandy Abeysiri, Marisa Chau, Rebecca Swinson, et al. "Preoperative intravenous iron for anaemia in elective major open abdominal surgery: the PREVENTT RCT." Health Technology Assessment 25, no. 11 (February 2021): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta25110.
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Background Anaemia affects 30–50% of patients before they undergo major surgery. Preoperative anaemia is associated with increased need for blood transfusion, postoperative complications and worse patient outcomes after surgery. International guidelines support the use of intravenous iron to correct anaemia in patients before surgery. However, the use of preoperative intravenous iron for patient benefit has not been assessed in the setting of a formal clinical trial. Objectives To assess if intravenous iron given to patients with anaemia before major abdominal surgery is beneficial by reducing transfusion rates, postoperative complications, hospital stay and re-admission to hospital, and improving quality of life outcomes. Design A multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, controlled, Phase III clinical trial, with 1 : 1 randomisation comparing placebo (normal saline) with intravenous iron (intravenous ferric carboxymaltose 1000 mg). Randomisation and treatment allocation were by a secure web-based service. Setting The study was conducted across 46 hospitals in England, Scotland and Wales between September 2013 and September 2018. Participants Patients aged > 18 years, undergoing elective major open abdominal surgery, with anaemia [Hb level of > 90 g/l and < 120 g/l (female patients) and < 130 g/l (male patients)] who could undergo randomisation and treatment 10–42 days before their operation. Intervention Double-blinded study comparing placebo of normal saline with 1000 mg of ferric carboxymaltose administered 10–42 days prior to surgery. Main outcome measures Co-primary end points were risk of blood transfusion or death at 30 days postoperatively, and rate of blood transfusions at 30 days post operation. Results A total of 487 patients were randomised (243 given placebo and 244 given intravenous iron), of whom 474 completed the trial and provided data for the analysis of the co-primary end points. The use of intravenous iron increased preoperative Hb levels (mean difference 4.7 g/l, 95% confidence interval 2.7 to 6.8 g/l; p < 0.0001), but had no effect compared with placebo on risk of blood transfusion or death (risk ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.37; p = 0.84; absolute risk difference +0.8%, 95% confidence interval –7.3% to 9.0%), or rates of blood transfusion (rate ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.43; p = 0.93; absolute rate difference 0.00, 95% confidence interval –0.14 to 0.15). There was no difference in postoperative complications or hospital stay. The intravenous iron group had higher Hb levels at the 8-week follow-up (difference in mean 10.7 g/l, 95% confidence interval 7.8 to 13.7 g/l; p < 0.0001). There were a total of 71 re-admissions to hospital for postoperative complications in the placebo group, compared with 38 re-admissions in the intravenous iron group (rate ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.85; p = 0.009). There were no differences between the groups in terms of mortality (two per group at 30 days post operation) or in any of the prespecified safety end points or serious adverse events. Conclusions In patients with anaemia prior to elective major abdominal surgery, there was no benefit from giving intravenous iron before the operation. Future work The impact of iron repletion on recovery from postoperative anaemia, and the association with reduced re-admission to hospital for complications, should be investigated. Limitations In the preoperative intravenous iron to treat anaemia in major surgery (PREVENTT) trial, all patients included had anaemia and only 20% had their anaemia corrected before surgery. The definition and causality of iron deficiency in this setting is not clear. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN67322816 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01692418. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25 No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Bedkowski, Janusz, Timo Röhling, Frank Hoeller, Dirk Shulz, and Frank E. Schneider. "Benchmark of 6D SLAM (6D Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping) Algorithms with Robotic Mobile Mapping Systems." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fcds-2017-0014.
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AbstractThis work concerns the study of 6DSLAM algorithms with an application of robotic mobile mapping systems. The architecture of the 6DSLAM algorithm is designed for evaluation of different data registration strategies. The algorithm is composed of the iterative registration component, thus ICP (Iterative Closest Point), ICP (point to projection), ICP with semantic discrimination of points, LS3D (Least Square Surface Matching), NDT (Normal Distribution Transform) can be chosen. Loop closing is based on LUM and LS3D. The main research goal was to investigate the semantic discrimination of measured points that improve the accuracy of final map especially in demanding scenarios such as multi-level maps (e.g., climbing stairs). The parallel programming based nearest neighborhood search implementation such as point to point, point to projection, semantic discrimination of points is used. The 6DSLAM framework is based on modified 3DTK and PCL open source libraries and parallel programming techniques using NVIDIA CUDA. The paper shows experiments that are demonstrating advantages of proposed approach in relation to practical applications. The major added value of presented research is the qualitative and quantitative evaluation based on realistic scenarios including ground truth data obtained by geodetic survey. The research novelty looking from mobile robotics is the evaluation of LS3D algorithm well known in geodesy.
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Duong, T. L., T. T. Nguyen, N. A. Nguyen, and T. Kang. "Available Transfer Capability Determination for the Electricity Market using Cuckoo Search Algorithm." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 5340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3338.
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In the electricity market, power producers and customers share a common transmission network for wheeling power from generation to consumption points. All parties in this open access environment may try to produce energy from cheaper sources for greater profit margin, which may lead to transmission congestion, which could lead to violation of voltage and thermal limits, threatening the system security. To solve this, available transfer capability (ATC) must be accurately estimated and optimally utilized. Thus, accurate determination of ATC to ensure system security while serving power transactions is an open and trending research topic. Many optimization approaches to deal with the problem have been proposed. In this paper, Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) is applied for determining ATC problem between the buses in deregulated power systems without violating system constraints such as thermal, voltage constraints. The suggested methodology is tested on IEEE 14 and IEEE 24-bus for normal and contingency cases. The simulation results are compared with the corresponding results of EP, PSO, and GWO and show that the CSA is an effective method for determining ATC.
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Ohlson, L. "Morphological dynamics of ureteral transport. II. Peristaltic patterns in relation to flow rate." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 256, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): R29—R34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.1.r29.
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To study in the human the conditions for the flow regimes inherent in urinary systems with a dependence of the contraction interval on urine flow rate (boluses-in-contact, leaky-bolus, and open-tube flow regimes), 50 urinary systems were examined at low and high flow rates. Morphometry and volumetry were applied to eight urinary systems. The bolus frequently contacted the preceding contraction ring but the mechanisms differed categorically from that conventionally postulated. Thus the contraction interval proved independent of flow rate, leading to boluses in contact not only at high but also at low flow rates, which is impossible in flow-dependent urinary systems. Likewise, contact proved possible with small as well as large boluses. Furthermore, the contact was invariably interrupted at the points of resistance to flow, the total contact period being only 4% of the ureteral transit. Leaky-bolus flow and open-tube flow were absent. The flow regimes as conventionally defined thus proved to be absent from and inconsistent with normal human urinary transport.
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Dempster, David W., Jacques P. Brown, Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer, David Kendler, Sebastien Rizzo, Ivo Valter, Rachel B. Wagman, Xiang Yin, Susan V. Yue, and Georges Boivin. "Effects of Long-Term Denosumab on Bone Histomorphometry and Mineralization in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, no. 7 (April 16, 2018): 2498–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02669.
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Abstract Context Denosumab is a potent antiresorptive agent that reduces fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Objective Determine effects of up to 10 years of denosumab on bone histology, remodeling, and matrix mineralization characteristics. Design and Setting International, multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial [Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM)] with a long-term open-label extension. Patients Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (92 women in FREEDOM, 46 in extension) who provided iliac bone biopsies, including 11 who provided biopsies at multiple time points. Interventions FREEDOM subjects were randomized 1:1 to subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg or placebo every 6 months for 3 years. Long-term extension subjects continued receiving denosumab, open-label, for 7 additional years. Outcomes Bone histology, histomorphometry, matrix mineralization. Results Ten-year denosumab biopsies showed normal histology. Bone histomorphometry indicated normal bone structure and reduced bone remodeling after 10 years of denosumab, similar to levels after 2 and/or 3 and 5 years of denosumab. The degree of mineralization of bone was increased and mineralization heterogeneity was reduced in the denosumab years 2/3 group vs placebo. Changes in these mineralization variables progressed from years 2/3 to year 5 of denosumab, but not thereafter. Conclusions Denosumab for 2/3, 5, and 10 years was associated with normal histology, low bone remodeling rate, increased matrix mineralization, and lower mineralization heterogeneity compared with placebo. These variables were unchanged from year 5 to year 10. These data, in combination with the maintenance of low fracture rates for up to 10 years as previously reported with denosumab therapy, suggest that strong, prolonged remodeling inhibition does not impair bone strength.
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Helo, M. D., I. F. Akhtiamov, F. M. Said, I. Sh Gilmutdinov, A. I. Yousef, A. M. Abdullah, and R. G. Kuznetsova. "Early functional results of total knee arthroplasty in patients with alimentary obesity." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 25, no. 3-4 (December 15, 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/vto201803-04130.
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Introduction. Total knee replacement has become a standard planned intervention at specialized clinics. The study of surgical results is not as urgent as the follow up of the patients with concomitant pathology because various complications are most often registered in this group. Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of total knee arthroplasty in patients with increased body mass index at early rehabilitation steps. Patients and methods. Open prospective comparative study included 75 patients with III-IV stages of gonarthrosis by Kellgren-Lawrence. Mean age of the patients made up 63.8±6.87 years. Main group included 48 patients with excessive body mass and alimentary-constitutional obesity of different degree, the control group - 27 patients with normal body mass index. The duration of intervention, volume of blood loss intraoperatively and drainages was assessed. Evaluation of clinical functional results was performed OKS, KSS and visual analog scale (VAS) before surgery, at discharge, 3 months and 1 year after surgical intervention. Results. In comparison to the patients with normal body mass index the patients from the main group showed slightly higher duration of the intervention and intraoperative blood loss - by 13.05% (p=0.027) and 12.8% (p=0.003), respectively. In the main group the severity of pain syndrome by VAS decreased from 90.4±14.4 to 9.6±0.4 mm (p=0.0001), evaluation of clinical functional results by KSS increased from 47.39±1.63 to 88.02±2.01 points, by OKS - from27.3±4.3 to 43.2±6.5 points (p=0.001). In the control group the severity of pain syndrome by VAS within 1 year follow up decreased from 86.2±2.4 to 3.8±0.7 mm (p=0.002) and clinical functional indices by KSS increased from 52.2±10.1 to 93.8±1.3 points (p=0.001), by OKS - from28.4±1.6 to 44.7±1.9 points (p=0,001). Conclusion. The study results demonstrate the high potentialities of arthroplasty in patients with alimentary obesity and confirm the necessity of its performance for the improvement of the patients’ future quality of life.
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Nellis, S. H., K. L. Carroll, and A. M. Eggleston. "Measurement of phasic velocities in vessels of intact freely beating hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 260, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): H1264—H1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.4.h1264.
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The study of flow dynamics on the coronary microcirculation of the intact beating heart has been greatly hampered by the thickness of the tissue and its continual movement. Using fluorescent microspheres and video-image processing, we have devised a means to measure an index of blood velocities. Measurements were made on open-chest anesthetized cats without any artificial restraints to the heart motion. However, advantages exist for minimizing mechanical motion, therefore, a heart holder based on a vacuum concept, along with modified versions of previously demonstrated methods, were tested. Results showed that the vacuum holder provided more restraint to epicardial motion than the pericardium alone, and despite large differences in epicardial motion between the two, overall flow measurements of the microspheres were comparable. Other methods of immobilizing the heart usually did not yield normal flow velocities. This video analysis method allows for the reproducible measurement of particle velocities at time points throughout the cardiac cycle. In keeping the normal heart dynamics intact, more realistic results from the study of coronary blood flows can be obtained.
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Maguire, M. P., R. W. Riess, and A. M. Paredes. "Evidence from a maize desynaptic mutant points to a probable role of synaptonemal complex central region components in provision for subsequent chiasma maintenance." Genome 36, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-105.
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Homozygotes for the dsy1 desynaptic mutant of maize show massive failure of chiasma maintenance during diplotene and diakinesis. Although some chiasmata persist until anaphase I in most microsporocytes expressing this mutant, homozygotes are completely or nearly completely sterile, owing apparently to disjunctive irregularities. Pachytene synaptic errors and some synaptic failure also are found, but recombination nodules are common in homologously synapsed regions, and equational separation of a heterozygous knob into univalents or open arms at diakinesis clearly demonstrates that chiasma failure occurs following crossing-over. A wider than normal synaptonemal complex central region and uniform apparent weakness of central region cross connections to spreading procedures strongly suggest the presence of a genetic lesion in a synaptonemal complex central region component. The dsy1 mutant may provide an especially important source of material for molecular studies on the nature of chiasma maintenance mechanism.Key words: chiasma maintenance, synaptonemal complex, meiotic mutant.
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Geng, Linlin, Weixuan Zhang, Xiangdong Zhang, and Xiaoming Zhou. "Topological mode switching in modulated structures with dynamic encircling of an exceptional point." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 477, no. 2245 (January 2021): 20200766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0766.
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Exceptional points are special degeneracies occurring in non-Hermitian systems at which both eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes coalesce simultaneously. Fascinating phenomena, including topological, non-reciprocal and chiral energy transfer between normal modes, have been envisioned in optical and photonic systems with the exceptional point dynamically encircled in the parameter space. However, it has remained an open question of whether and how topological mode switching relying on exceptional points could be achieved in mechanical systems. The present paper studies a two-mode mechanical system with an exceptional point and implements the dynamic encircling of such a point using dynamic modulation mechanisms with time-driven elasticity and viscosity. Topological mode switching with robustness against the input state and loop trajectories has been demonstrated numerically. It is found that the dynamical encircling of an exceptional point with the starting point near the symmetric phase leads to chiral mode transfer controlled mainly by the encircling direction, while non-chiral dynamics is observed for the starting point near the broken phase. Analyses also show that minor energy input is required in the process of encircling the exceptional point, demonstrating the intrinsically motivated behaviour of topological mode switching.
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Lee, Jong Wook, Flore Sicre de Fontbrune, Lily Wong Lee Lee, Viviani Pessoa, Sandra Gualandro, Wolfgang Füreder, Vadim Ptushkin, et al. "Ravulizumab (ALXN1210) vs eculizumab in adult patients with PNH naive to complement inhibitors: the 301 study." Blood 133, no. 6 (February 7, 2019): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-09-876136.
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Abstract Ravulizumab (ALXN1210), a new complement C5 inhibitor, provides immediate, complete, and sustained C5 inhibition. This phase 3, open-label study assessed the noninferiority of ravulizumab to eculizumab in complement inhibitor–naive adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Patients with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥1.5 times the upper limit of normal and at least 1 PNH symptom were randomized 1:1 to receive ravulizumab or eculizumab for 183 days (N = 246). Coprimary efficacy end points were proportion of patients remaining transfusion-free and LDH normalization. Secondary end points were percent change from baseline in LDH, change from baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)–Fatigue score, proportion of patients with breakthrough hemolysis, stabilized hemoglobin, and change in serum free C5. Ravulizumab was noninferior to eculizumab for both coprimary and all key secondary end points (Pinf < .0001): transfusion avoidance (73.6% vs 66.1%; difference of 6.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), −4.66, 18.14]), LDH normalization (53.6% vs 49.4%; odds ratio, 1.19 [0.80, 1.77]), percent reduction in LDH (−76.8% vs −76.0%; difference [95% CI], −0.83% [−5.21, 3.56]), change in FACIT-Fatigue score (7.07 vs 6.40; difference [95% CI], 0.67 [−1.21, 2.55]), breakthrough hemolysis (4.0% vs 10.7%; difference [95% CI], −6.7% [−14.21, 0.18]), and stabilized hemoglobin (68.0% vs 64.5%; difference [95% CI], 2.9 [−8.80, 14.64]). The safety and tolerability of ravulizumab and eculizumab were similar; no meningococcal infections occurred. In conclusion, ravulizumab given every 8 weeks achieved noninferiority compared with eculizumab given every 2 weeks for all efficacy end points, with a similar safety profile. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02946463.
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Phillips, Marc A., Tim R. Auton, Suzanne B. Ward, William B. Smith, and Guhan Balan. "A Phase I Open-Label Trial To Determine the Pharmacokinetics of Glucarpidase in Subjects with Normal and Impaired Renal Function." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4450.4450.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Methotrexate (MTX) is used in high doses in the treatment of cancers such as NHLs, leukemias and osteosarcoma. In some patients it produces renal damage which delays its elimination from the body. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of MTX results in serious toxic effects. Glucarpidase (Voraxaze™, formerly carboxypeptidase G2) contains a recombinant enzyme which rapidly and predictably breaks down MTX in the blood within 15 minutes of administration. Multiple studies to date have evaluated glucarpidase as an intervention for patients at risk or experiencing toxicities related to MTX overexposure. Continuing studies seek to evaluate the use of glucarpidase in a planned way to circumvent toxicity and prevent prolonged hospitalization. The current study examined the pharmacokinetics of glucarpidase in subjects who had both normal and severely impaired renal function, similar to that of the intended patient population. Methods: Twelve male and female subjects participated in this study; 8 with normal renal function (calculated creatinine clearance >80 mL/min) and 4 with severely impaired renal function (calculated creatinine clearance <30 mL/min). Each subject received a single intravenous dose of glucarpidase 50 units/kg (equivalent to 114.5 μg/kg), infused over 5 min. Serum glucarpidase profiles were evaluated for all subjects using 7 mL blood samples collected at the following time points: pre-dose (prior to start of glucarpidase IV dose), end of 5-minute infusion, and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following the start of the infusion. The study protocol was approved by the Crescent City Institutional Review Board IRB (New Orleans, LA) and all subjects gave their written informed consent prior to inclusion in the study. Results: The mean (SD) Cmax for glucarpidase in renally impaired subjects was 2.9 μg/mL (0.83), the mean half-life was 10.0 (2.1) h and mean AUC0-∞ was 24.5(9.4) μg.h/mL. Similar values were found in subjects with normal renal function (mean Cmax 3.1 μg/mL, mean t1/2 9.0 h and mean AUC0-∞ 23.4 μg.h/mL). No adverse events were recorded in the study. Conclusions: The results indicated little effect of renal impairment on the serum pharmacokinetics of glucarpidase. Evaluations of adverse events, clinical laboratory assessments, vital signs, ECGs, and physical examinations indicated that a single 50 unit/kg dose of glucarpidase was safe and well-tolerated when administered to subjects with normal renal function and subjects with severe renal impairment. PK parameters found in this study may be relevant to cancer patients treated with 50 units/kg glucarpidase, including those with MTX-induced renal toxicity.
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Sawada, Y., DN Fass, JA Katzmann, RC Bahn, and EJ Bowie. "Hemostatic plug formation in normal and von Willebrand pigs: the effect of the administration of cryoprecipitate and a monoclonal antibody to Willebrand factor." Blood 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 1229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.5.1229.1229.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hemostatic plug (HP) formation was investigated in the ear bleeding time incision in normal and von Willebrand pigs. HP volume was calculated by integrating the areas of serial sections. In normal pigs (n = 11), platelets immediately formed a layer on the surface of the cut channel. Platelet aggregates formed at the ends of transected vessels and gradually enlarged. Finally, all transected vessels were occluded by HP and bleeding stopped. In contrast, large HPs were formed in the incision in von Willebrand's disease (vWD) pigs (n = 4); these HPs did not cover the ends of the transected vessels, which continued to bleed, allowing the formation of large hemostatically ineffective platelet aggregates in the incision. Canals traversed these HPs, and bleeding from the open vessels may have continued through them. After infusion of cryoprecipitate into a vWD pig, the bleeding time shortened, and the morphological findings of the HPs were similar to those of normal pigs. In normal pigs (n = 3) infused with an anti- Willebrand factor monoclonal antibody, which prolonged the bleeding time, a large HP formed in the incision, similar to that observed in the vWD pig. The volume of the normal and vWD HPs increased with time. These in vivo findings suggest that Willebrand factor is involved in the localization of the HP to the damaged vessel and may also play a role in platelet-platelet interaction. A computerized morphometric technique was used for measuring the volume of the hemostatic plugs and the distance of sequential points on the perimeter of the HP from the center of selected bleeding vessels.
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Sawada, Y., DN Fass, JA Katzmann, RC Bahn, and EJ Bowie. "Hemostatic plug formation in normal and von Willebrand pigs: the effect of the administration of cryoprecipitate and a monoclonal antibody to Willebrand factor." Blood 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 1229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.5.1229.bloodjournal6751229.
Full textAbstract:
Hemostatic plug (HP) formation was investigated in the ear bleeding time incision in normal and von Willebrand pigs. HP volume was calculated by integrating the areas of serial sections. In normal pigs (n = 11), platelets immediately formed a layer on the surface of the cut channel. Platelet aggregates formed at the ends of transected vessels and gradually enlarged. Finally, all transected vessels were occluded by HP and bleeding stopped. In contrast, large HPs were formed in the incision in von Willebrand's disease (vWD) pigs (n = 4); these HPs did not cover the ends of the transected vessels, which continued to bleed, allowing the formation of large hemostatically ineffective platelet aggregates in the incision. Canals traversed these HPs, and bleeding from the open vessels may have continued through them. After infusion of cryoprecipitate into a vWD pig, the bleeding time shortened, and the morphological findings of the HPs were similar to those of normal pigs. In normal pigs (n = 3) infused with an anti- Willebrand factor monoclonal antibody, which prolonged the bleeding time, a large HP formed in the incision, similar to that observed in the vWD pig. The volume of the normal and vWD HPs increased with time. These in vivo findings suggest that Willebrand factor is involved in the localization of the HP to the damaged vessel and may also play a role in platelet-platelet interaction. A computerized morphometric technique was used for measuring the volume of the hemostatic plugs and the distance of sequential points on the perimeter of the HP from the center of selected bleeding vessels.
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Sommariva, Michele, and Nicoletta Gagliano. "E-Cadherin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Multifaceted Actor during EMT." Cells 9, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9041040.
Full textAbstract:
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a step-wise process observed in normal and tumor cells leading to a switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. In tumors, EMT provides cancer cells with a metastatic phenotype characterized by E-cadherin down-regulation, cytoskeleton reorganization, motile and invasive potential. E-cadherin down-regulation is known as a key event during EMT. However, E-cadherin expression can be influenced by the different experimental settings and environmental stimuli so that the paradigm of EMT based on the loss of E-cadherin determining tumor cell behavior and fate often becomes an open question. In this review, we aimed at focusing on some critical points in order to improve the knowledge of the dynamic role of epithelial cells plasticity in EMT and, specifically, address the role of E-cadherin as a marker for the EMT axis.
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Georg Schmidt, E. J. P. "On an Extremal Problem Involving Harmonic Functions." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 31, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1988-010-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGiven a domain D in R” and two specified points P0 and P1 in D we consider the problem of minimizing u(p1) over all functions harmonic in D with values between 0 and 1 normalised by the requirement u(P0) = 1/2. We show that when D is suitably regular the problem has a unique solution u* which necessarily takes on boundary values 0 or 1 almost everywhere on the boundary. In the process we prove that it is possible to separate P0 and P1by a harmonic function whose boundary value is supported in an arbitrary set of positive measure. These results depend on the fact that (under suitable regularity conditions) a harmonic function which vanishes on an open subset of the boundary has a normal derivative which is almost everywhere non-vanishing in that set.
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ARTES, JOAN C., JAUME LLIBRE, and NICOLAE VULPE. "SINGULAR POINTS OF QUADRATIC SYSTEMS: A COMPLETE CLASSIFICATION IN THE COEFFICIENT SPACE ℝ12." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 18, no. 02 (February 2008): 313–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740802032x.
Full textAbstract:
Planar quadratic differential systems occur in many areas of applied mathematics. Although more than one thousand papers were written on these systems, a complete understanding of this class is still missing. Classical problems, and in particular, Hilbert's 16th problem [Hilbert,1900], are still open for this class. Even when not dealing with limit cycles, still some problems have remained unsolved like a complete classification of different phase portraits without limit cycles. For some time it was thought (see [Coppel, 1966]) there could exist a set of algebraic functions whose signs would completely determine the phase portrait of a quadratic system. Nowadays we already know that this is not so, and that there are some analytical, nonalgebraic functions that also play a role when dealing with limit cycles and separatrix connections. However, it is possible to find out a set of algebraic functions whose signs determine the characteristics of all finite and infinite singular points. Most of the work up to now has dealt with this problem studying it using different normal forms adapted to some subclasses of quadratic systems. A general work useful for any quadratic system regardless of affine changes has only been done for the study of infinite singular points [Schlomiuk et al., 2005]. In this paper, we give a complete global classification of quadratic differential systems according to their topological behavior in the vicinity of the finite singular points. Our classification Main Theorem gives us a complete dictionary describing the local behavior of finite singular points using algebraic invariants and comitants which are a powerful tool for algebraic computations. Linking the result of this paper with the main one of [Schlomiuk et al., 2005] which uses the same algebraic invariants, it is possible to complete the algebraic classification of singular points (finite and infinite) for quadratic differential systems.
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Zschunke, F., A. Salmassi, H. Kreipe, F. Buck, MR Parwaresch, and HJ Radzun. "cDNA cloning and characterization of human monocyte/macrophage serine esterase-1." Blood 78, no. 2 (July 15, 1991): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.2.506.506.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Human monocyte/macrophage serine esterase (HMSE), commonly known as acid esterase or alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, comprises a group of five enzyme variants that can be distinguished by their isoelectric points from esterase variants of the other normal human blood cell populations. A cDNA for one of the monocytic enzyme variants (HMSE1) was cloned from a U-937 lambda gt11 cDNA library by screening with an oligonucleotide mixture designed according to amino acid sequence data of the purified enzyme. The cDNA contains 1,727 bp with an open reading frame of 1,512 bp coding for a protein of 503 amino acid residues. HMSE1 cDNA represents the first cloned monocyte/macrophage-specific serine esterase and its sequence shows up to 77% homology to other known serine esterases of different species. The amino acid composition of the putative active site of HMSE1 as deduced from the nucleotide sequence corresponds with the active sites of other serine esterases but not with the active sites of serine proteases. Hybridization of the cDNA with RNA of separated normal blood cell populations and hematopoietic cell lines shows restricted expression within the monocyte/macrophage lineage.
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Zschunke, F., A. Salmassi, H. Kreipe, F. Buck, MR Parwaresch, and HJ Radzun. "cDNA cloning and characterization of human monocyte/macrophage serine esterase-1." Blood 78, no. 2 (July 15, 1991): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.2.506.bloodjournal782506.
Full textAbstract:
Human monocyte/macrophage serine esterase (HMSE), commonly known as acid esterase or alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, comprises a group of five enzyme variants that can be distinguished by their isoelectric points from esterase variants of the other normal human blood cell populations. A cDNA for one of the monocytic enzyme variants (HMSE1) was cloned from a U-937 lambda gt11 cDNA library by screening with an oligonucleotide mixture designed according to amino acid sequence data of the purified enzyme. The cDNA contains 1,727 bp with an open reading frame of 1,512 bp coding for a protein of 503 amino acid residues. HMSE1 cDNA represents the first cloned monocyte/macrophage-specific serine esterase and its sequence shows up to 77% homology to other known serine esterases of different species. The amino acid composition of the putative active site of HMSE1 as deduced from the nucleotide sequence corresponds with the active sites of other serine esterases but not with the active sites of serine proteases. Hybridization of the cDNA with RNA of separated normal blood cell populations and hematopoietic cell lines shows restricted expression within the monocyte/macrophage lineage.
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Akyigit, Abdulvahap, Erol Keleş, Yavuz Sultan Selim Yıldırım, Turgut Karlıdağ, Orkun Eroglu, İrfan Kaygusuz, Oner Sakallıoglu, and Sinasi Yalcın. "Comparison of Changes in Nasal Skin Sensation After Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty Procedures Using Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Testing." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 41, no. 10 (March 19, 2021): NP1295—NP1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab139.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Numbness of the nasal skin is one of the most common complications following rhinoplasty. Objectives The present study investigated postoperative changes in nasal skin sensation among primary and revision rhinoplasty patients and evaluated the recovery outcomes for both groups. Methods A prospective, randomized blinded study was undertaken involving 100 primary and 34 revision open rhinoplasty patients and 50 volunteers as control group. Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing was performed on 7 designated nasal points preoperatively and at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12, and the results were evaluated. Results Among the primary rhinoplasty patients, the change in reduced sensation on pressure to the tip and infratip over time was significant (P < 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference for the other points. Among the revision rhinoplasty patients, the change in reduced sensation on pressure to the tip, infratip, and base of columella over time was significant (P < 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference at the other points. In a comparison of the revision and primary rhinoplasty patients at all timepoints, a statistically significant reduction in sensation was noted on the application of pressure to all points in the revision patient group (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study found that the sense of touch on pressure returned to normal, aside from at the tip and infratip, by the end of month 12 in primary rhinoplasty patients. The revision rhinoplasty patients, in turn, were observed to have reduced sensation on pressure by the end of month 12, with the greatest reduction at the tip, infratip, and columellar base. Level of Evidence: 3