Journal articles on the topic 'Normal hearing function'
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Barbosa, Maria Helena Magalhães, Cristiane Fregonesi Dutra Garcia, Maria Clara de Magalhães Barbosa, Jaqueline Rodrigues Robaina, Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa, Marco Antonio de Melo Tavares de Lima, and Antonio José Ledo Alves da Cunha. "Normal Hearing Function in Children Prenatally Exposed to Zika Virus." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 24, no. 03 (December 13, 2019): e299-e307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399539.
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Abstract Introduction The association between prenatal Zika virus infection and hearing alterations in offspring has been the object of some studies, although few have assessed children without microcephaly. However, a current trend to include prenatal Zika virus exposure in the group of risk indicators for hearing loss is noted. Objective To present a series of 27 children prenatally exposed to the Zika virus submitted to multiple hearing assessments over time. Methods A cohort of children born to symptomatic mothers with laboratorial Zika virus infection confirmation during pregnancy was submitted to an otoacoustic emission test, auditory brainstem response test (automated, neurodiagnostic and frequency-specific), audiometry, and imitanciometry over a period of 36 months since birth. The hearing assessment was performed independently of the presence of microcephaly or other apparent signs of congenital Zika syndrome. Results The hearing tests presented predominantly normal results. Some children had signs of middle ear pathology. The only microcephalic child had normal electrophysiological tests, as well as preserved audiometric thresholds, but presented altered motor responses to sound. Conclusion Prenatal exposure to Zika virus does not always determine hearing impairment. This risk seems to be more associated to the severity of the central nervous system damage. Hearing screening and follow-ups of the affected children are important, as well as further research in this area.
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Vuckovic, Dragana, Sally Dawson, Deborah I. Scheffer, Taina Rantanen, Anna Morgan, Mariateresa Di Stazio, Diego Vozzi, et al. "Genome-wide association analysis on normal hearing function identifiesPCDH20andSLC28A3as candidates for hearing function and loss." Human Molecular Genetics 24, no. 19 (July 17, 2015): 5655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddv279.
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Serpanos, Yula Cherpelis, and Judith S. Gravel. "Assessing Growth of Loudness in Children by Cross-Modality Matching." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 11, no. 04 (April 2000): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748045.
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AbstractThis study examined the clinical feasibility, validity, and reliability of loudness growth assessment using cross-modality matching (CMM) between line length and loudness in 16 children 4 to 12 years old with normal hearing or bilateral sensorineural hearing losses ranging from moderate to severe in degree. Eight adult listeners with normal hearing were used as a comparison group. Loudness growth functions and real-ear measures were obtained for 500–Hz and 2000-Hz narrowband noise stimuli for each individual. No significant differences were found between the loudness slope values for the adults and children with normal hearing. Loudness growth functions of the children with sensorineural hearing loss were significantly steeper (larger) than the slopes obtained from children with normal hearing. The numeric slope value of the loudness growth function became larger and more variable as children's hearing threshold increased and differed for children with similar thresholds. The loudness functions obtained for retested participants at two different test sessions were highly correlated. Real-ear measurements revealed that for equivalent input stimulus levels, significantly higher stimulus levels were present in the ear canals of children versus adults. Although adults and children with normal hearing had similar overall rates of loudness growth, discrete points along the loudness growth function were judged to be louder by the children. This preliminary study suggests that measures of loudness growth using CMM between line length and loudness are feasible, valid, and reliable in children with normal hearing or sensorineural hearing loss. The individual variability noted in slope values for children with hearing loss attests to the importance of subjective assessments of loudness. The protocol used in this study may have potential as a clinical tool for selecting and fitting amplification technology for children with hearing loss as young as 6 years. Abbreviations: CMM = cross-modality matching, HI = hearing impairment, LDL = loudness discomfort level, MCL = most comfortable loudness, NBN = narrowband noise, NH = normal hearing
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Florence, J., P. Hari Prakash, P. G. Bhargavi, Y. Krishna, and Rajashekhar Bellur. "Comparison of Loudness Growth Function in Normal Hearing Individuals and Impaired Aided Hearing." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 1946–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8497.
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Stamper, Greta C., and Tiffany A. Johnson. "Auditory Function in Normal-Hearing, Noise-Exposed Human Ears." Ear and Hearing 36, no. 2 (2015): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000107.
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Nelson, Peggy B., and Susan Dwyer Thomas. "Gap Detection as a Function of Stimulus Loudness for Listeners With and Without Hearing Loss." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 6 (December 1997): 1387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4006.1387.
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Temporal resolution, or the ability to process rapidly changing stimuli, has been purported to be reduced in some listeners with hearing loss while being described as normal in others. Ensuring stimulus audibility by increasing stimulus levels results in near-normal temporal resolution abilities for many listeners with hearing loss, but may also result in uncomfortably loud stimulus levels. The current study was conducted to describe temporal resolution abilities of listeners with and without hearing loss as a function of stimulus loudness. The gap detection abilities of 8 listeners with normal hearing were compared with those of 8 listeners with mild to moderate hearing losses over a wide range of intensities using a 650-Hz wide high-frequency noise marker. At low intensities, listeners with hearing loss show poor gap detection ability. As intensity increases, most listeners’ performance improves and stabilizes near normal at high loudness and sensation levels. At comfortable loudness, gap detection abilities of listeners with hearing loss are less than at loud levels and are considerably poorer than normal.
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Pupo, Daniel, Brent Small, Jennifer Deal, Nicole Armstrong, Susan Resnick, Frank Lin, Luigi Ferrucci, and Qu Tian. "Cognition Moderates the Relationship Between Hearing and Mobility in Cognitively Normal Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.618.
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Abstract Recent data has shown a consistent but modest association between hearing impairment and poor mobility; both are strongly associated with cognition. Cognitive function may moderate the relationship between hearing and mobility. We analyzed 601 cognitively normal older participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who had concurrent data on cognition (attention, executive function, sensorimotor function), hearing (pure-tone average, PTA), and mobility (6-meter gait speed, 400-meter time). We performed multivariable-adjusted linear regression to test two-way interactions between each cognitive measure and PTA. There were significant PTA interactions with all cognitive measures on 400-meter time. There was a significant interaction between PTA and sensorimotor function on 6-meter gait speed. Among cognitively normal older adults, poorer hearing is more strongly associated with poor mobility in those with low cognition, especially sensorimotor function. Future studies are needed to understand how cognition may moderate the relationship of hearing impairment with mobility decline over time.
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Serpanos, Yula Cherpelis. "ABR and DPOAE Indices of Normal Loudness in Children and Adults." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 15, no. 08 (September 2004): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.15.8.3.
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Loudness growth prediction using normal templates of loudness derived with ABR and DPOAE measures was investigated in 20 children 4 to 12 years and 20 adults with normal hearing. An ABR click latency-intensity function (LIF), ABR 2 kHz tone LIF, and DPOAE 2 kHz amplitude-intensity function (AIF) were recorded from each listener. A loudness-intensity function was also measured for each electrophysiologic stimulus. Children and adults exhibited similar intensity functions of ABR latency, DPOAE amplitude, and loudness. A statistically significant relationship was found between loudness and ABR latency and DPOAE amplitude. Loudness estimation equations derived with ABR latency and DPOAE amplitude accurately and reliably predicted the loudness-intensity functions of the listeners. Normative ABR and DPOAE templates of predicted loudness growth may have clinical application in site-of-lesion assessment or hearing aid fitting by distinguishing abnormal rates of loudness growth for individuals who cannot provide reliable behavioral measures.
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Stelmachowicz, Patricia G., Brenda M. Hoover, Dawna E. Lewis, Reinier W. L. Kortekaas, and Andrea L. Pittman. "The Relation Between Stimulus Context, Speech Audibility, and Perception for Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 4 (August 2000): 902–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4304.902.
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In this study, the influence of stimulus context and audibility on sentence recognition was assessed in 60 normal-hearing children, 23 hearing-impaired children, and 20 normal-hearing adults. Performance-intensity (PI) functions were obtained for 60 semantically correct and 60 semantically anomalous sentences. For each participant, an audibility index (AI) was calculated at each presentation level, and a logistic function was fitted to rau-transformed percent-correct values to estimate the SPL and AI required to achieve 70% performance. For both types of sentences, there was a systematic age-related shift in the PI functions, suggesting that young children require a higher AI to achieve performance equivalent to that of adults. Improvement in performance with the addition of semantic context was statistically significant only for the normal-hearing 5-year-olds and adults. Data from the hearing-impaired children showed age-related trends that were similar to those of the normal-hearing children, with the majority of individual data falling within the 5th and 95th percentile of normal. The implications of these findings in terms of hearing-aid fitting strategies for young children are discussed.
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Neagu, Alexandra-Cristina, and Monica Gheorghiu. "Thyroid function in hearing impaired children with cochlear implant." Romanian Medical Journal 62, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2015.3.12.
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Congenital hypothyroidism may be associated with hearing loss. However, the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in children with severe hearing loss is not clearly evaluated. The authors assessed the thyroid function in 30 children with profound sensorineural bilateral hearing loss, with cochlear implant, to determine if there is any association between congenital hearing loss and hypothyroidism. Serum levels of TSH and free thyroxine were normal in the study group. None had Pendred syndrome. We present a literature review on the association between hearing loss and thyroid abnormalities and the importance of testing hearing in children with congenital hypothyroidism.
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Bhagat, Shaum P. "Modeling DPOAE Input/Output Function Compression: Comparisons with Hearing Thresholds." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 25, no. 08 (September 2014): 746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.25.8.5.
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Background: Basilar membrane input/output (I/O) functions in mammalian animal models are characterized by linear and compressed segments when measured near the location corresponding to the characteristic frequency. A method of studying basilar membrane compression indirectly in humans involves measuring distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) I/O functions. Previous research has linked compression estimates from behavioral growth-of-masking functions to hearing thresholds. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare compression estimates from DPOAE I/O functions and hearing thresholds at 1 and 2 kHz. Research Design: A prospective correlational research design was performed. The relationship between DPOAE I/O function compression estimates and hearing thresholds was evaluated with Pearson product-moment correlations. Study Sample: Normal-hearing adults (n = 16) aged 22–42 yr were recruited. Data Collection and Analysis: DPOAE I/O functions (L 2 = 45–70 dB SPL) and two-interval forced-choice hearing thresholds were measured in normal-hearing adults. A three-segment linear regression model applied to DPOAE I/O functions supplied estimates of compression thresholds, defined as breakpoints between linear and compressed segments and the slopes of the compressed segments. Pearson product-moment correlations between DPOAE compression estimates and hearing thresholds were evaluated. Results: A high correlation between DPOAE compression thresholds and hearing thresholds was observed at 2 kHz, but not at 1 kHz. Compression slopes also correlated highly with hearing thresholds only at 2 kHz. Conclusions: The derivation of cochlear compression estimates from DPOAE I/O functions provides a means to characterize basilar membrane mechanics in humans and elucidates the role of compression in tone detection in the 1–2 kHz frequency range.
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Ninomiya, Chihiro, Harukazu Hiraumi, Kiyoshi Yonemoto, and Hiroaki Sato. "Effect of hearing aids on body balance function in non-reverberant condition: A posturographic study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): e0258590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258590.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hearing aids on body balance function in a strictly controlled auditory environment. Methods We recorded the findings of 10 experienced hearing aid users and 10 normal-hearing participants. All the participants were assessed using posturography under eight conditions in an acoustically shielded non-reverberant room: (1) eyes open with sound stimuli, with and without foam rubber, (2) eyes closed with sound stimuli, with and without foam rubber, (3) eyes open without sound stimuli, with and without foam rubber, and (4) eyes closed without sound stimuli, with and without foam rubber. Results The auditory cue improved the total path area and sway velocity in both the hearing aid users and normal-hearing participants. The analysis of variance showed that the interaction among eye condition, sound condition, and between-group factor was significant in the maximum displacement of the center-of-pressure in the mediolateral axis (F [1, 18] = 6.19, p = 0.02). The maximum displacement of the center-of-pressure in the mediolateral axis improved with the auditory cues in the normal-hearing participants in the eyes closed condition (5.4 cm and 4.7 cm, p < 0.01). In the hearing aid users, this difference was not significant (5.9 cm and 5.7 cm, p = 0.45). The maximum displacement of the center-of-pressure in the anteroposterior axis improved in both the hearing aid users and the normal-hearing participants.
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Schlauch, Robert S., and Craig C. Wier. "A Method for Relating Loudness-Matching and Intensity-Discrimination Data." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 30, no. 1 (March 1987): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3001.13.
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A method that allows direct comparisons between pure-tone loudness-matching and intensity-discrimination data in normal and hearing-impaired listeners is described. This method makes a minimal number of assumptions about the relations between loudness perception and intensity-discrimination performance. Loudness is considered to be related to overall, perceived stimulus magnitude and intensity-discrimination performance is considered to reflect the accuracy with which a loudness judgment can be made. Because pure-tone intensity-discrimination performance varies as a function of stimulus level in normal ears, the standard level required to produce a particular difference limen in an impaired ear can be inferred from normal-ear intensity-discrimination data. Thus, plotting standard levels yielding normal difference limens as a function of standard levels yielding the equivalent sized difference limens from a threshold-shifted ear produces a function directly comparable to loudness recruitment functions. If loudness-growth and intensity-difference limens were tightly coupled in threshold-shifted ears, then stimuli that yield equal size difference limens would be equally loud. This relation was tested by obtaining loudness-matching and intensity-discrimination data from normal-hearing listeners with thresholds shifted by a wideband noise and hearing-impaired listeners with cochlear-type hearing losses. The results from these listeners show similarities between the traditional loudness-recruitment functions and "intensity-recruitment" functions derived from the assumed relation between the two measures. The primary difference between the functions is at low and moderate sensation levels where loudness grows at a more rapid rate than the difference limen.
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Xia, Shuang, TianBin Song, Jing Che, Qiang Li, Chao Chai, Meizhu Zheng, and Wen Shen. "Altered Brain Functional Activity in Infants with Congenital Bilateral Severe Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study under Sedation." Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8986362.
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Early hearing deprivation could affect the development of auditory, language, and vision ability. Insufficient or no stimulation of the auditory cortex during the sensitive periods of plasticity could affect the function of hearing, language, and vision development. Twenty-three infants with congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss (CSSHL) and 17 age and sex matched normal hearing subjects were recruited. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the auditory, language, and vision related brain areas were compared between deaf infants and normal subjects. Compared with normal hearing subjects, decreased ALFF and ReHo were observed in auditory and language-related cortex. Increased ALFF and ReHo were observed in vision related cortex, which suggest that hearing and language function were impaired and vision function was enhanced due to the loss of hearing. ALFF of left Brodmann area 45 (BA45) was negatively correlated with deaf duration in infants with CSSHL. ALFF of right BA39 was positively correlated with deaf duration in infants with CSSHL. In conclusion, ALFF and ReHo can reflect the abnormal brain function in language, auditory, and visual information processing in infants with CSSHL. This demonstrates that the development of auditory, language, and vision processing function has been affected by congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss before 4 years of age.
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Sanes, Dan H. "Mild Hearing Loss Can Impair Brain Function." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 6 (March 31, 2016): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig6.4.
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The emphasis of hearing loss research has been to establish the long-term consequences of permanent, severe to profound deafness. However, auditory processing deficits can be induced by transient, mild hearing loss during childhood. These deficits in perception, speech, and language processing can persist long after normal audibility is restored. One explanation for the persistence of these deficits is that transient hearing loss causes irreversible changes to the central nervous system (CNS) cellular properties that may lead to degraded stimulus encoding. Therefore, this review evaluates the premise that mild hearing loss during development induces behavioral deficits, and that these auditory deficits are causally related to changes within the CNS.
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Vibert, D., P. Liard, and R. Häsler. "Bilateral Idiopathic Loss of Peripheral Vestibular Function with Normal Hearing." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 115, no. 5 (January 1995): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489509139375.
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Charry-Sánchez, Jesús David, Sofía Ramírez-Guerrero, María Paula Vargas-Cuellar, María Alejandra Romero-Gordillo, and Claudia Talero-Gutiérrez. "Executive functions in children and adolescents with hearing loss: A systematic review of case-control, case series, and cross-sectional studies." Salud mental 45, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.006.
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Introduction. Children with hearing loss have been reported to perform lower in executive function and language tasks than their normal-hearing peers. Objective. To describe EF performance profile in children and adolescents with hearing loss. Method. Using different databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, we conducted a systematic review of case-control, cross-sectional studies, and case series that evaluated executive function performance in children and adolescents with hearing loss with or without hearing aids, cochlear implants, and/or native sign language, since 2000 until April 2020. Fifteen studies were selected after quality assessment using Critical Appraisal Tools provided by Joanna Briggs Institute. Results. The studies differed in the assessment tools, and the results obtained by different authors were inconsistent. However, these studies revealed that children and adolescents with hearing impairment have lower performance in working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and attention than their normal-hearing peers. Discussion and conclusion. Executive function assessment tools are used indistinctively for both children with and without hearing loss. Consequently, as tools were designed for normal hearing population, results can significantly vary in the population with hearing impairment. Hence, it is important to establish a standardized protocol specifically adapted for this population.
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Bakır, S., N. Penbegül, R. Gün, E. Yorgancilar, V. Kiniş, M. Özbay, M. Atar, and M. Güneş. "Relationship between hearing loss and sexual dysfunction." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 2 (December 20, 2012): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215112002952.
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AbstractObjective:Deafness may be one of the factors that leads to a change in sexual function. This study aimed to assess sexual function, in particular erectile dysfunction, in male patients with hearing loss.Materials and methods:We studied two groups: (1) adult men with acquired, bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss, and (2) healthy, adult, married men demonstrated to have normal hearing levels, as the control group. Sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Functions questionnaire, and quality of life using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the International Index of Erectile Functions questionnaire results (p <0.001), both for each of the five questionnaire domain scores and for the total score.Conclusion:Our results indicate that men with mild or moderate sensorineural hearing loss have poorer sexual health.
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von Eckardstein, Kajetan L., Colin L. W. Driscoll, and Michael J. Link. "Outcome After Microsurgery for Meningiomas Involving the Internal Auditory Canal." Neurosurgery 67, no. 5 (November 1, 2010): 1236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3181efe412.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The subset of patients suffering from meningiomas truly originating in or extending into the internal auditory canal is not well described in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postoperative facial motor and hearing outcomes in patients undergoing resection of meningiomas originating in or extending into the internal auditory canal. METHODS: Chart reviews were done of 19 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for meningiomas originating in or extending into the internal auditory canal at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, with emphasis on clinical exam and audiometry. RESULTS: Median follow-up for the entire group was 29 months. Seventy-four percent of patients had stable facial nerve function. One patient experienced improvement. Postoperative cochlear nerve function was unchanged in 74% of patients and worsened in 21% of patients. One patient with a sudden preoperative hearing loss improved to full hearing at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Every attempt should be made to preserve hearing and facial motor function in surgical removal of posterior fossa meningiomas that originate in or extend into the internal auditory canal. Normal or nearly normal facial nerve function can be preserved in 88% of patients presenting with normal facial nerve function; serviceable hearing can be preserved in 92% of patients who present with normal hearing. A standard retrosigmoid craniotomy with drilling of the posterior canal wall of the internal auditory canal worked well in the majority of cases.
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Nicholas, Johanna Grant. "Age Differences in the Use of Informative/Heuristic Communicative Functions in Young Children With and Without Hearing Loss Who Are Learning Spoken Language." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 2 (April 2000): 380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4302.380.
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Previous research has suggested that the normal development of communicative functions proceeds from the directing or "instrumental" types to the informative or "heuristic" types with age. This paper describes a cross-sectional study of communicative function in children with profound hearing loss and children with normal hearing, from ages 12–54 months. The children with hearing loss were learning spoken English as their primary means of communication. The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the pattern of age differences seen in the two groups of children (those with and without normal hearing) are similar patterns that occur at differing chronological ages, or whether they are dissimilar patterns altogether. A second purpose was to examine the relationship between the use of informative/heuristic functions and the acquisition of vocabulary and syntax. The data suggested a somewhat different pattern of communicative function development in children with and without hearing loss. In addition, the use of language for social purposes was closely related to the achievement of traditional language milestones. In both normally hearing children and in those with hearing loss, the correlations between the use of informative-heuristic functions and various measures of language development indicated that the more mature uses of language co-occur with increased frequency of communication, larger vocabulary, and longer utterance length. These results document that when linguistic improvements such as increasing vocabulary size and sentence length occur in deaf children learning spoken English, they are used for appropriate and informative social purposes that are commensurate with their language age.
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Marrufo-Pérez, Miriam I., and Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda. "Adaptation to noise in normal and impaired hearing." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 3 (March 2022): 1741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009802.
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Many aspects of hearing function are negatively affected by background noise. Listeners, however, have some ability to adapt to background noise. For instance, the detection of pure tones and the recognition of isolated words embedded in noise can improve gradually as tones and words are delayed a few hundred milliseconds in the noise. While some evidence suggests that adaptation to noise could be mediated by the medial olivocochlear reflex, adaptation can occur for people who do not have a functional reflex. Since adaptation can facilitate hearing in noise, and hearing in noise is often harder for hearing-impaired than for normal-hearing listeners, it is conceivable that adaptation is impaired with hearing loss. It remains unclear, however, if and to what extent this is the case, or whether impaired adaptation contributes to the greater difficulties experienced by hearing-impaired listeners understanding speech in noise. Here, we review adaptation to noise, the mechanisms potentially contributing to this adaptation, and factors that might reduce the ability to adapt to background noise, including cochlear hearing loss, cochlear synaptopathy, aging, and noise exposure. The review highlights few knowns and many unknowns about adaptation to noise, and thus paves the way for further research on this topic.
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Nishida, Hiroaki, Mayumi Okada, Yasuo Tanaka, and Yoshie Inoue. "Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Electrocochleography in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 104, no. 6 (June 1995): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949510400608.
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A 24-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis had right-sided hearing impairment with tinnitus. She underwent electrocochleography (ECochG) and examination of evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) to assess cochlear function. An acoustic probe to measure EOAEs was inserted into the external ear canal. The ECochG action potential and cochlear microphonics were recorded by a transtympanic needle electrode technique. Both fast and slow components of EOAEs appeared in either the period of deteriorated hearing acuity or when it was improved. They showed normal detection thresholds and input-output curves during both periods. Cochlear microphonics with almost normal detection thresholds and input-output functions were obtained during the period of deteriorated hearing acuity. Action potential (N1) input-output curves during relapse with hearing loss were notably lower in amplitude and longer in latency than those obtained at the time hearing impairment showed improvement. The EOAE and ECochG findings suggested that this patient had almost normal cochlear function, and we assumed from the magnetic resonance imaging and auditory brain stem response findings as well as the ECochG that the hearing impairment was caused by dysfunction of auditory pathways in the brain stem, including structures that contribute to generation of the N1 potential of the ECochG.
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Beattie, Randall C. "Word Recognition Functions for the CID W-22 Test in Multitalker Noise for Normally Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Subjects." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 54, no. 1 (February 1989): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5401.20.
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Word recognition functions for Auditee recordings of the CID W-22 stimuli in multitalker noise were obtained using subjects with normal hearing and with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. In the first experiment, word recognition functions were generated by varying the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N); whereas in the second experiment, a constant S/N was used and stimulus intensity was varied. The split-half reliability of word recognition scores for the normal-hearing and hearing-impaired groups revealed variability that agreed closely with predictions based on the simple binomial distribution. Therefore, the binomial model appears appropriate for estimating the variability of word recognition scores whether they are obtained in quiet or in a competing background noise. The reliability for threshold (50% point) revealed good stability. The slope of the recognition function was steeper for normal listeners than for the hearing-impaired subjects. Word recognition testing in noise can provide insight into the problems imposed by hearing loss, particularly when evaluating patients with mild hearing loss who exhibit no difficulties with conventional tests. Clinicians should employ a sufficient number of stimuli so that the test is adequately sensitive to differences among listening conditions.
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Peterein, Judy L., and J. Gail Neely. "Auditory Brainstem Response Testing in Neurodiagnosis: Structure versus Function." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23, no. 04 (April 2012): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.4.5.
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This case report describes a 44-yr-old female referred by an outside facility who presented with progressive hearing loss in her left ear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results were normal, but a battery of audiological tests suggested neural hearing loss in the left ear. Following diagnosis of left neural hearing loss, the patient was successfully fit with a hearing aid on the left ear.This case report underlines the importance of using a battery of medical, radiologic, and audiological tests in the accurate determination of hearing loss site of lesion. Obvious retrocochlear dysfunction was revealed via auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. MRI did not reveal underlying structural abnormality. Without the addition of the ABR to the diagnostic test battery, a cochlear hearing loss site of lesion would most likely have been diagnosed. Accurate diagnosis of hearing loss site of lesion is critical for patient counseling and treatment as well as for patient follow-up and monitoring.
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Elberling, Claus. "Loudness Scaling Revisited." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 10, no. 05 (May 1999): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748496.
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AbstractThe present work was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate whether it is reasonable to expect that categorical loudness scaling can provide useful information for nonlinear hearing aid fitting. Normative data from seven scaling procedures show that the individual procedures relate the perceptual categories differently to sound level and with a substantial between-subject variance. Hearing-impaired data from four studies demonstrate that the inverse slope of the loudness function varies linearly with hearing loss and with a constant variance. In relation to hearing aid fitting, the slope can, in most cases, be predicted from the hearing loss with an accuracy within the range of a normal finetuning. For the fitting of nonlinear hearing aids, the statistical properties of both normal and impaired loudness functions are equally important. The present analysis strongly suggests that categorical loudness scaling cannot, in general, provide significant information for the fitting process. Abbreviations: α = slope of fitted straight line, CB = critical band, COVXY = covariance between variables χ and y, CR = compression ratio, GL = hearing aid insertion gain at input level L, HTL = hearing threshold level, I/O = input/output, LGOB = loudness growth in 1/2–octave bands, RETSPL = reference threshold sound pressure level, S = slope of loudness growth function, VARX = variance of variable x, WDRC = wide dynamic range compression.
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Dirks, Donald D., Sumiko Takayanagi, and Anahita Moshfegh. "Effects of Lexical Factors on Word Recognition Among Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 12, no. 05 (May 2001): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1745602.
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AbstractAn investigation was conducted to examine the effects of lexical difficulty on spoken word recognition among young normal-hearing and middle-aged and older listeners with hearing loss. Two word lists, based on the lexical characteristics of word frequency and neighborhood density and frequency (Neighborhood Activation Model [NAM]), were developed: (1) lexically “easy” words with high word frequency and a low number and frequency of words phonemically similar to the target word and (2) lexically “hard” words with low word frequency and a high number and frequency of words phonemically similar to the target word. Simple and transformed up-down adaptive strategies were used to estimate performance levels at several locations on the performance-intensity functions of the words. The results verified predictions of the NAM and showed that easy words produced more favorable performance levels than hard words at an equal intelligibility. Although the slopes of the performanceintensity function for the hearing-impaired listeners were less steep than those of normal-hearing listeners, the effects of lexical difficulty on performance were similar for both groups. Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CVC = consonant-vowel-consonant, NAM = Neighborhood Activation Model, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, SNR = single-to-noise ratio
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Cox, Robyn M., and Ginger A. Gray. "Verifying Loudness Perception After Hearing Aid Fitting." American Journal of Audiology 10, no. 2 (December 2001): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2001/009).
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During the verification phase of a hearing aid fitting, clinicians often want to assess the extent to which loudness perceptions for amplified sounds are similar to those typical of normal hearers. This type of verification calls for a criterion for "normal" loudness perception of sounds presented in a sound field. This research sought to answer several questions about the parameters of a valid "normal" criterion for a verification procedure using the Contour test of loudness perception. Loudness data were obtained from 30 listeners with normal hearing. Results indicated that a loudness growth function obtained with earphone listening is not an appropriate normative reference for hearing aid fitting verification. Instead, the normative data should be based on sound field listening. Results also indicated that the same normative function could be used to assess both unilateral and bilateral fittings. Further, it is likely that the same normative function can be used for most frequency responses that are likely to be used in feasible fittings. Finally, it was found that a previously published normative function obtained using an automated test procedure was not faithfully replicated using a carefully executed fully manual test procedure. We concluded that, until a replicable normative function is established, practitioners will need to generate their own local norms to perform postfitting verification of loudness normalization.
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Rashidi, Z., F. Rasouli, H. Mohammadi, and Atta Heidari. "Comparison of fine motor function between children with profound hearing loss and those with normal hearing." Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jnkums.8.3.417.
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Johnsen, T., C. Larsen, J. Friis, and F. Hougaard-Jensen. "Pendred's syndrome." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 101, no. 11 (November 1987): 1187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100103470.
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AbstractSeventeen unrelated Danish patients with Pendred's syndrome, whose case stories have not been published previously, are presented. Acoustic and vestibular functions were examined and endocrinological screening was performed. There was a great variation in hearing ability as well as in thyroid function. Furthermore, in contrast to previous investigations, normal caloric function was demonstrated in the majority. In all patients a Mondini malformation was demonstrated. On the basis of this investigation it is concluded that: (1) the Mondini defect is part of Pendred's syndrome; (2) the inherited Mondini malformation is the underlying cause of the sensorineural hearing impairment; and (3) the hearing sensitivity varies greatly in these patients.
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Djemai, Mohamed, and Mhania Guerti. "Kernel SVM Classifiers based on Fractal Analysis for Estimation of Hearing Loss." ENP Engineering Science Journal 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53907/enpesj.v2i1.88.
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Hearing screening consists of analyzing the hearing capacity of an individual, regardless of age. It identifies serious hearing problems, degree, type and cause of the hearing loss and the needs of the person to propose a solution. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) which are detected on the EEG auditory cortex area are very small signals in response to a sound stimulus (or electric) from the inner ear to the primary auditory areas of the brain. AEPs are noninvasive methods used to detect hearing disorders and to estimate hearing thresholds level. In this paper, due to the nonlinear characteristics of EEG, Detrented Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) is used to characterize the irregularity or complexity of EEG signals by calculating the Fractal Dimension (FD) from the recorded AEP signals of the impaired hearing and the normal subjects. This is to estimate their hearing threshold. In order to classify both groups, hearing impaired and normal persons, support vector machine (SVM) is used. For comparably evaluating the performance of SVM classifier, three kernel functions: linear, radial basis function (RBF) and polynomial are employed to distinguish normal and the abnormal hearing subjects. Grid search technique is selected to estimate the optimal kernel parameters. Our results indicate that the RBF kernel SVM classifier is promising; it is able to obtain a high training as well as testing classification accuracy.
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Gorga, Michael P., Jan K. Reiland, and Kathryn A. Beauchaine. "Auditory Brainstem Responses in a Case of High-Frequency Conductive Hearing Loss." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 50, no. 4 (November 1985): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5004.346.
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Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses were measured in a patient with high-frequency conductive hearing loss. As is typical in cases of conductive hearing loss, Wave I latency was prolonged beyond normal limits. Interpeak latency differences were just below the lower limits of the normal range. The Wave V latency-intensity function, however was abnormally steep. This pattern is explained by the hypothesis that the slope of the latency-intensity function is determined principally by the configuration of the hearing loss. In cases of high-frequency hearing loss (regardless of the etiology), the response may be dominated by more apical regions of the cochlea at lower intensities and thus have a longer latency.
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Husain, Fatima T. "Effect of Tinnitus on Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions Varies With Hearing Loss." American Journal of Audiology 22, no. 1 (June 2013): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2012/12-0059).
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Purpose The aim of this study was to measure the effect of tinnitus, while accounting for the effect of hearing loss and aging, on distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Method DPOAEs were measured twice in both ears in 5 groups of participants: young adults with normal hearing, middle-age adults with normal hearing, adults with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, age-matched adults with similar hearing loss and tinnitus, and adults with normal hearing and chronic tinnitus. Results Multivariate analysis revealed a main effect of hearing loss and age, but no effect of tinnitus, across all 5 groups. Separate tests revealed significant effects of age and tinnitus in the normal-hearing groups and hearing loss in adults with or without tinnitus, but no effect of tinnitus in those with hearing loss. Conclusion DPOAE levels in the group of adults with hearing loss and tinnitus were diminished, but those in the group with normal hearing and tinnitus were enhanced, relative to DPOAE levels in the controls. Outer hair cell function, as indexed by DPOAEs, exhibits a complex association with tinnitus, and this has implications in the use of DPOAEs as a tool both for testing for tinnitus presence and for creating a model of neural mechanisms underlying tinnitus.
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Nicholas, Johanna G., and Ann E. Geers. "Communication of Oral Deaf and Normally Hearing Children at 36 Months of Age." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 6 (December 1997): 1314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4006.1314.
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Eighteen orally educated deaf and 18 normally hearing 36-month-old children were observed in a play session with their mother. Communicative behavior of the child was coded for modality and communicative function. Although the oral deaf children used a normal range of functions, both the quantity and proportions differed from normally hearing children. Whereas the normally hearing 3-year-olds used speech almost exclusively, the deaf children exhibited about equal use of speech, vocalizations, and gestures. Spoken language scores of the deaf children at 5 years of age were best predicted by (a) more frequent use of speech at age 36 months, (b) more frequent use of the Statement function, and (c) relatively infrequent use of the Directive function. It is suggested that some communicative functions are more informative or heuristic than others, and that the early use of these functions is most likely to predict later language competence.
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Kim, KyooSang, Subong Kim, and Jae Hee Lee. "Comparison of Speech Recognition and Subjective Hearing Handicap in Elderly Listeners as a Function of Degree of Hearing Loss." Audiology and Speech Research 16, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.200024.
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Purpose: This study aimed to compare objective speech recognition and subjective hearing handicap outcomes as a function of a degree of hearing loss. Methods: 120 elderly listeners participated, ranging in age from 60-83 years. Listeners’ degrees of hearing loss were derived corresponding to a newly proposed World Health Organization hearing impairment grading system. As objective outcomes, word and sentence recognition scores (WRS, SRS) in quiet were measured at an individually determined most comfortable level. The SRS in noise were obtained at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The Korean Evaluation Scale for Hearing Handicap questionnaire for non-hearing aid users was used to evaluate the effects of hearing status on social and psychological aspects. Results: Within the same grading of hearing impairment, listeners tended to show a large individual variability in speech-in-noise recognition and subjective hearing handicaps. Listeners with even mild impairment had more reductions in SRS in noise and more handicaps in an interpersonal relationship compared to normal-hearing listeners. Among the listeners with no impairment or mild hearing impairment, listeners who had poorer sentence-in-noise scores actually showed greater hearing handicaps. The sentence-in-noise scores plus WRS explained the subjective hearing handicap by about 40%. Conclusion: The elderly with normal hearing or mild hearing loss can have reduced communication abilities in background noise, resulting in a negative effect on their social and psychological aspects. It is recommended to conduct the sentence-in-noise intelligibility test and the subjective hearing handicap survey as a standard audiometric measures to confirm the functional communication problems for the elderly.
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Grant, Kelsie J., Anita M. Mepani, Peizhe Wu, Kenneth E. Hancock, Victor de Gruttola, M. Charles Liberman, and Stéphane F. Maison. "Electrophysiological markers of cochlear function correlate with hearing-in-noise performance among audiometrically normal subjects." Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00016.2020.
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Recent animal studies suggest that millions of people may be at risk of permanent impairment from cochlear synaptopathy, the age-related and noise-induced degeneration of neural connections in the inner ear that “hides” behind a normal audiogram. This study examines electrophysiological responses to clicks in a large cohort of subjects with normal hearing sensitivity. The resultant correlations with word recognition performance are consistent with an important contribution cochlear neural damage to deficits in hearing in noise abilities.
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Israelsson, Kjell-Erik, Renata Bogo, and Erik Berninger. "Reliability in Hearing Threshold Prediction in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Participants Using Mixed Multiple ASSR." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 03 (March 2015): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.3.9.
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Background and Purpose: The rapidly evolving field of hearing aid fitting in infants requires rapid, objective, and highly reliable methods for diagnosing hearing impairment. The aim was to determine test-retest reliability in hearing thresholds predicted by multiple auditory steady-state response (ASSRthr) among normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) adults, and to study differences between ASSRthr and pure-tone threshold (PTT) as a function of frequency in each participant. ASSR amplitude versus stimulus level was analyzed to study ASSR growth rate in NH and HI participants, especially at ASSRthr. Research Design and Study Sample: Mixed multiple ASSR (100% AM, 20% FM), using long-time averaging at a wide range of stimulus levels, and PTT were recorded in 10 NH and 14 HI adults. ASSRthr was obtained in 10 dB steps simultaneously in both ears using a test-retest protocol (center frequencies = 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; modulation frequencies = 80–96 Hz). The growth rate at ASSRthr was calculated as the slope (nV/dB) of the ASSR amplitudes obtained at, and 10 dB above, ASSRthr. PTT was obtained in both ears in 1 dB steps using a fixed-frequency Békésy technique. All of the NH participants showed PTTs better than 20 dB HL (125–8000 Hz), and mean pure-tone average (PTA; 500–4000 Hz) was 1.8 dB HL. The HI participants exhibited quite symmetrical sensorineural hearing losses, as revealed by a mean interaural PTA difference of 6.5 dB. Their mean PTA in the better ear was 38.7 dB HL. Results: High ASSRthr reproducibility (independent of PTT) was found in both NH and HI participants (test-retest interquartile range = 10 dB). The prediction error was numerically higher in NH participants (f ≥1000 Hz), although only a significant difference existed at 1000 Hz. The median difference between ASSRthr (dB HL) and PTT (dB HL) was approximately 10 dB in the HI group at frequencies of 1000 Hz or greater, and 20 dB at 500 Hz. In general, the prediction error decreased (p < 0.001) with increasing hearing threshold, although large intersubject variability existed. Regression analysis (PTT versus ASSRthr) in HI participants revealed correlation coefficients between 0.72–0.88 (500–4000 Hz) and slopes at approximately 1.0. Large variability in ASSRthr-PTT versus frequency was demonstrated across HI participants (interquartile range approximately 20 dB). The maximum across-frequency difference (ASSRthr-PTT) in an individual participant was 50 dB. HI participants showed overall significantly higher amplitudes and slopes at ASSRthr than did NH participants (p < 0.02). The amplitude-intensity function revealed monotonically increasing ASSRs in NH participants (slope 2 nV/dB), whereas HI participants exhibited heterogeneous and mostly nonmonotonically increasing ASSRs. Conclusions: Long-time averaging of ASSR revealed high ASSRthr reproducibility and systematic decrease in prediction error with increasing hearing threshold, albeit large intersubject variability in prediction error existed. A plausible explanation for the systematic difference in ASSRthr between NH and HI adults might be significantly higher ASSR amplitudes and higher overall growth rates at ASSRthr among HI participants. Across-frequency comparison of PTT and ASSRthr in an individual HI participant demonstrated large variation; thus, ASSR may not be optimal for, e.g., reliable threshold prediction in infants and subsequent fine-tuning of hearing aids.
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Smith, Timothy L., Douglas C. Diruggiero, and Kim R. Jones. "Third Place — Resident Clinical Science Award 1994: Recovery of Eustachian Tube Function and Hearing Outcome in Patients with Cleft Palate." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 111, no. 4 (October 1994): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989411100406.
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Eustachian tube dysfunction is a nearly universal complication of cleft palate, resulting in chronic ear disease and conductive hearing loss. Cleft palate repair is thought to result in recovery of eustachian tube function, but the length of time between repair and recovery of eustachian tube function is not known. Furthermore, the efficacy of tympanostomy tubes in the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction and hearing sequelae has not been examined in a systematic way. To answer these questions, we performed a retrospective study that used serial audiometric data and tympanometry on 81 patients with cleft palates (162 ears), with follow-up ranging from 1 to 17.3 years. Average time to recovery of eustachian tube function was 6.0 years (range, 1.0 to 10.3 years) after cleft palate surgery. For children followed up for at least 6 years (longest follow-up, 17.3 years), 70% (67 of 85) had normal eustachian tube function at their last follow-up visit. Ears treated with Armstrong tympanostomy tubes required an average of 3.1 tubes per ear until recovery of eustachian tube function, whereas ears treated with Goode T tubes required only 1.1 tubes per ear ( p < 0.05). Hearing evaluation revealed that 67% of ears had abnormal hearing thresholds (>20 dB) before tympanostomy tube placement, whereas only 7.5% of ears demonstrated this loss after tube placement. Furthermore more than 90% of ears maintained normal thresholds after recovery of eustachian tube function. These data indicate that most children with cleft palates eventually recover normal eustachian tube function after palatoplasty, but for the majority of children, this does not occur for many years. Furthermore, the hearing loss before tympanostomy tube placement and palatoplasty largely resolves after aeration of the middle ear and does not result in any significant permanent hearing deficit.
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Shall, Mary S. "The Importance of Saccular Function to Motor Development in Children with Hearing Impairments." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/972565.
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Children with hearing deficits frequently have delayed motor development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). Thirty-three children with bilateral severe/profound hearing impairment between 4 and 7 years of age were recruited from a three-state area. Approximately half of the sample had one or bilateral cochlear implants, one used bilateral hearing aids, and the rest used no amplification. Parents reported whether the hearing impairment was diagnosed within the first year or after 2 years of age. No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC.
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Freyman, Richard L., and David A. Nelson. "Frequency Discrimination as a Function of Signal Frequency and Level in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 6 (December 1991): 1371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3406.1371.
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Jepsen, Morten L., and Torsten Dau. "Estimating the basilar‐membrane input/output‐function in normal‐hearing and hearing‐impaired listeners using forward masking." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2935711.
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Drennan, Ward R., Lauren Langley, and Zeyu Wei. "Identifying subclinical hearing problems." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 4 (October 2021): A339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0008508.
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Noise exposure and aging can cause subclinical hearing problems that are not identified with conventional audiometry. Potential clinical assessments were studied that could identify subclinical hearing deterioration: (1) Electrocochleography (ECoG); (2) Middle Ear Muscle Reflex (MEMR); (3) Extended High Frequency (EHF) thresholds (10–16 kHz); and (4) word recognition in noise. Sixty-one young, normal-hearing people were recruited. Each completed the four auditory assessments and the Life-Time Exposure to Noise Solvents Questionnaire (LENS-Q). ECoG and MEMR measurements were measured as a function of sound level using clinical equipment. Word recognition in noise was measured with a diotic, closed-set, 12-alternative spondees-in-noise test. It was hypothesized that normal-hearing individuals reporting more noise exposure would have slower growth of the ECoG measures and MEMR magnitudes with increasing levels. Individuals reporting higher noise exposure with the LENS-Q had significantly reduced MEMR magnitudes and smaller slopes, supporting the hypothesis. Gender effects were observed. No significant effect of self-report noise-exposure was seen with ECoG AP growth functions or SP/AP ratios, though modest age effects were observed. EHF thresholds were the only significant predictor of word recognition in noise. The results suggest that word recognition in noise, EHF audiometry, and MEMR could indicate subclinical hearing problems.
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Ellis, Rachel J., and Kevin J. Munro. "Does cognitive function predict frequency compressed speech recognition in listeners with normal hearing and normal cognition?" International Journal of Audiology 52, no. 1 (October 23, 2012): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2012.721013.
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Lorenzi, Christian, Christophe Micheyl, Frédéric Berthommier, and Serge Portalier. "Modulation Masking in Listeners With Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 1 (February 1997): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4001.200.
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This study compares amplitude-modulation (AM) masking in listeners with normal hearing and in listeners with a hearing loss. To address this issue, we measured the detection of sinusoidal AM applied to a white noise carrier, as a function of the frequency of a masking sinusoidal AM applied to the same noise carrier. These input filter patterns were measured for four listeners with normal hearing and three listeners with moderate or mild-to-severe sensorineural hearing losses. Stimuli were presented at 50 dB SL for all listeners with normal hearing and for two of the three listeners with hearing loss. The third listener with hearing loss was tested at 25 dB SL. For the listeners with normal hearing, the input filter patterns obtained for 100-Hz signal modulation had a broad bandpass characteristic. All input filter patterns showed a primary masking peak at 100 Hz. A secondary masking peak was apparent also at 50 Hz. For the listeners with impaired hearing, the unmasked modulation thresholds were similar to those measured in the listeners with normal hearing. One listener with moderate hearing loss exhibited a broadly tuned input filter pattern with a masking peak at 100 Hz, but no secondary peak. The two other listeners with moderate or mild-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss showed no main masking peak and increased thresholds at low masker modulation frequencies. These results suggest that cochlear damage may affect performance in a modulation masking task.
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Ozmeral, Erol J., Ann C. Eddins, and David A. Eddins. "How Do Age and Hearing Loss Impact Spectral Envelope Perception?" Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 2376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-18-0056.
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Purpose The goal was to evaluate the potential effects of increasing hearing loss and advancing age on spectral envelope perception. Method Spectral modulation detection was measured as a function of spectral modulation frequency from 0.5 to 8.0 cycles/octave. The spectral modulation task involved discrimination of a noise carrier (3 octaves wide from 400 to 3200 Hz) with a flat spectral envelope from a noise having a sinusoidal spectral envelope across a logarithmic audio frequency scale. Spectral modulation transfer functions (SMTFs; modulation threshold vs. modulation frequency) were computed and compared 4 listener groups: young normal hearing, older normal hearing, older with mild hearing loss, and older with moderate hearing loss. Estimates of the internal spectral contrast were obtained by computing excitation patterns. Results SMTFs for young listeners with normal hearing were bandpass with a minimum modulation detection threshold at 2 cycles/octave, and older listeners with normal hearing were remarkably similar to those of the young listeners. SMTFs for older listeners with mild and moderate hearing loss had a low-pass rather than a bandpass shape. Excitation patterns revealed that limited spectral resolution dictated modulation detection thresholds at high but not low spectral modulation frequencies. Even when factoring out (presumed) differences in frequency resolution among groups, the spectral envelope perception was worse for the group with moderate hearing loss than the other 3 groups. Conclusions The spectral envelope perception as measured by spectral modulation detection thresholds is compromised by hearing loss at higher spectral modulation frequencies, consistent with predictions of reduced spectral resolution known to accompany sensorineural hearing loss. Spectral envelope perception is not negatively impacted by advancing age at any spectral modulation frequency between 0.5 and 8.0 cycles/octave.
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Saxena, Udit, Srikanta K. Mishra, Hansapani Rodrigo, and Moumita Choudhury. "Functional consequences of extended high frequency hearing impairment: Evidence from the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 5 (November 2022): 2946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015200.
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Hearing loss in the extended high frequencies, despite a normal audiogram, could affect speech-in-noise recognition. However, it is not known if extended high frequency (EHF) hearing loss is associated with everyday listening and communication deficits. The present study aimed to determine the functional effects of impaired EHF hearing among adults using the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). A secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between objective (speech-in-noise recognition) and subjective (SSQ) measures of hearing function. Listeners with EHF hearing loss provided lower SSQ ratings compared with their EHF-normal counterparts. The lower ratings could not be attributed to the age or standard audiogram of the listeners. Ratings from more than 50% of EHF-impaired listeners were below the 2 SD cutoff point obtained from EHF-normal listeners. The mean speech recognition threshold was poorer for EHF-impaired listeners, and a poorer speech recognition threshold was associated with lower SSQ ratings, i.e., poorer self-reported hearing ability. For some listeners, EHF hearing loss could be the missing link between self-reported hearing difficulty in the presence of a normal audiogram. These findings provide evidence for the functional deficits associated with EHF hearing loss and invoke the need for future investigations into the management of EHF loss.
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Nelson, David A. "High-Level Psychophysical Tuning Curves." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 6 (December 1991): 1233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3406.1233.
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Forward-masked psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs) were obtained for 1000-Hz probe tones at multiple probe levels from one ear of 26 normal-hearing listeners and from 24 ears of 21 hearing-impaired listeners with cochlear hearing loss. Comparisons between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired PTCs were made at equivalent masker levels near the tips of PTCs. Comparisons were also made of PTC characteristics obtained by fitting each PTC with three straight-line segments using least-squares fitting procedures. Abnormal frequency resolution was revealed only as abnormal downward spread of masking. The low-frequency slopes of PTCs from hearing-impaired listeners were not different from those of normal-hearing listeners. That is, hearing-impaired listeners did not demonstrate abnormal upward spread of masking when equivalent masker levels were compared. Ten hearing-impaired ears demonstrated abnormally broad PTCs, due exclusively to reduced high-frequency slopes in their PTCs. This abnormal downward spread of masking was observed only in listeners with hearing losses greater than 40 dB HL. From these results, it would appear that some, but not all, cochlear hearing losses greater than 40dB HL influence the sharp tuning capabilities usually associated with outer hair cell function.
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Al-Salim, Sarah, Mary Pat Moeller, and Karla K. McGregor. "Performance of Children With Hearing Loss on an Audiovisual Version of a Nonword Repetition Task." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 51, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_lshss-ochl-19-0016.
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Purpose The aims of this study were to (a) determine if a high-quality adaptation of an audiovisual nonword repetition task can be completed by children with wide-ranging hearing abilities and to (b) examine whether performance on that task is sensitive to child demographics, hearing status, language, working memory, and executive function abilities. Method An audiovisual version of a nonword repetition task was adapted and administered to 100 school-aged children grouped by hearing status: 35 with normal hearing, 22 with mild bilateral hearing loss, 17 with unilateral hearing loss, and 26 cochlear implant users. Participants also completed measures of vocabulary, working memory, and executive function. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze performance on the nonword repetition task. Results All children were able to complete the nonword repetition task. Children with unilateral hearing loss and children with cochlear implants repeated nonwords with less accuracy than normal-hearing peers. After adjusting for the influence of vocabulary and working memory, main effects were found for syllable length and hearing status, but no interaction effect was observed. Conclusions The audiovisual nonword repetition task captured individual differences in the performance of children with wide-ranging hearing abilities. The task could act as a useful tool to aid in identifying children with unilateral or mild bilateral hearing loss who have language impairments beyond those imposed by the hearing loss.
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Merchant, Saumil N., Michael E. Ravicz, Susan E. Voss, William T. Peake, and John J. Rosowski. "Middle ear mechanics in normal, diseased and reconstructed ears." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 8 (August 1998): 715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100141568.
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AbstractA review of the structure-function relationships in normal, diseased and reconstructed middle ears is presented. Variables used to describe the system are sound pressure, volume velocity and acoustic impedance. We discuss the following(1) Sound can be transmitted from the ear canal to the cochlea via two mechanisms: the tympanoossicular system (ossicular coupling) and direct acoustic stimulation of the oval and round windows (acoustic coupling). In the normal ear, middle-ear pressure gain, which is the result of ossicular coupling, is frequency-dependent and smaller than generally believed. Acoustic coupling is negligibly small in normal ears, but can play a significant role in some diseased and reconstructed ears.(2) The severity of conductive hearing loss due to middle-ear disease or after tympanoplasty surgery can be predicted by the degree to which ossicular coupling, acoustic coupling, and stapes-cochlear input impedance are compromised. Such analyses are used to explain the air-bone gaps associated with lesions such as ossicular interruption, ossicular fixation and tympanic membrane perforation.(3) With type IV and V tympanoplasty, hearing is determined solely by acoustic coupling. A quantitative analysis of structure-function relationships can both explain the wide range of observed postoperative hearing results and suggest surgical guidelines in order to optimize the post-operative results.(4) In tympanoplasty types I, II and III, the hearing result depends on the efficacy of the reconstructed tympanic membrane, the efficacy of the reconstructed ossicular chain and adequacy of middle-ear aeration. Currently, our knowledge of the mechanics of these three factors is incomplete. The mechanics of mastoidectomy and stapedectomy are also discussed.
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Taeschner, Traute, Antonella Devescovi, and Virginia Volterra. "Affixes and function words in the written language of deaf children." Applied Psycholinguistics 9, no. 4 (December 1988): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400008079.
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ABSTRACTThe goal of this article is to investigate whether the acquisition of some morpho-syntactic aspects in Italian deaf adolescents is simply delayed with respect to hearing children, or whether it follows significantly different developmental patterns. Twenty-five deaf students (age range: 11–15 years) and a group of 125 hearing controls (age range: 6–16 years) performed four tests, administered in written form, relative to different grammatical aspects: plurals, articles, and clitic pronouns. Results showed three different patterns of development depending on the grammatical aspect considered. Deaf children compared to hearing controls showed normal development in the pluralization task, delayed development in the pronoun task, and a qualitatively different pattern in the article task.
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Kisilevsky, V., N. A. Bailie, and J. J. Halik. "Bilateral hearing results of 751 unilateral stapedotomies evaluated with the Glasgow benefit plot." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 5 (February 22, 2010): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110000204.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAims:We aimed to evaluate bilateral hearing function in patients undergoing primary unilateral stapedotomy, according to the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery guidelines and the Glasgow benefit plot. We also aimed to analyse the effect of pre-operative hearing impairment type on post-stapedotomy hearing.Study design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Medical records relating to 1369 stapedotomies performed by the senior author (JJH) from 1991 to 2006 were reviewed. Seven hundred and fifty-one patients undergoing primary unilateral stapedotomy were included. Hearing results for these patients were evaluated according to the criteria of the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines, and the Glasgow benefit plot. Subgroups of patients with pre-operative unilateral, bilateral symmetrical and bilateral asymmetrical hearing loss were separately analysed.Results:The most successful results, as regards the achievement of bilateral, socially serviceable hearing, were demonstrated in patients with unilateral hearing loss; 78 per cent of these patients had normal hearing post-operatively. Overall, patients' achievement of bilateral, socially serviceable hearing correlated highly with their type of pre-operative hearing impairment (r = 0.74). Normal post-operative hearing levels also correlated with pre-operative bone conduction (r = 0.61).Conclusion:This study represents the largest reported series of primary stapedotomy cases evaluated with the Glasgow benefit plot. Patients' bilateral post-operative hearing function depended on their type of pre-operative hearing impairment. Pre-operative bone conduction thresholds, corrected for Carhart's effect, were useful in predicting achievable post-operative air conduction.