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Journal articles on the topic 'Nonreciprocal material'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Luo, Min, Xiaomeng Zhang, and Guanxia Yu. "Nonreciprocal transmission in a parity-time symmetry system with two types of defects." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 76, no. 6 (March 24, 2021): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2020-0301.

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Abstract In this paper, we have studied two different mechanisms of nonreciprocal and asymmetric transmission in the one-dimensional asymmetric optical system composed of parity-time (PT) and magneto-optical materials with different defect layers. It is shown that there are three pairs of nonreciprocal dispersive curves with the perfect transmission in the three different band gaps, when the defect layer is filled with normal material. When the defect layer is filled with magneto-optical material, the transmittivity of two nonreciprocal frequencies can be modulated by the magnitude and direction of the defect layer’s external magnetic field and appears to be asymmetric nonreciprocal transmission. One-way frequency corresponding to one direction has extraordinary transmission, and the other one-way frequency corresponding to the opposite direction is suppressed. When the defect layer is filled with loss or gain material, the transmittivity of two nonreciprocal frequencies can be amplificated or attenuated simultaneously, respectively. The nonreciprocal propagation is originated from the resonant modes in the system due to the defect layer, and the nonreciprocal and asymmetric transmission is determined by the broken PT system due to magneto-optical and gain/loss material in the defect layer. Such controllable and asymmetric nonreciprocal propagation in the composite system may have broad potential applications in nonreciprocal communication and integration devices.
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2

Toyoda, Shingo, Manfred Fiebig, Taka-hisa Arima, Yoshinori Tokura, and Naoki Ogawa. "Nonreciprocal second harmonic generation in a magnetoelectric material." Science Advances 7, no. 16 (April 2021): eabe2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe2793.

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Mirror symmetries are of particular importance because they are connected to fundamental properties and conservation laws. Spatial inversion and time reversal are typically associated to charge and spin phenomena, respectively. When both are broken, magnetoelectric cross-coupling can arise. In the optical regime, a difference between forward and backward propagation of light may result. Usually, this nonreciprocal response is small. We show that a giant nonreciprocal optical response can occur when transferring from linear to nonlinear optics, specifically second harmonic generation (SHG). CuB2O4 exhibits SHG transmission changes by almost 100% upon reversal of a magnetic field of just ±10 mT. The observed nonreciprocity results from an interference between magnetic-dipole and electric-dipole SHG. Although the former is inherently weaker than the latter, a resonantly enhanced magnetic-dipole transition has a comparable amplitude as a nonresonant electric-dipole transition, thus maximizing the nonreciprocity. Multiferroics and magnetoelectrics are an obvious materials platform to exhibit nonreciprocal nonlinear optical functionalities.
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3

Goldsberry, Benjamin M., Samuel P. Wallen, and Michael R. Haberman. "Nonreciprocal acoustic scattering from an elastic plate with spatiotemporally modulated material properties." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010958.

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Acoustic and elastic metamaterials with space- and time-dependent material properties have received great attention recently as a means to realize nonreciprocal wave propagation. The nonreciprocal behavior of propagating waves in a spatiotemporally modulated infinite medium is usually characterized by directional bandgaps present in the frequency-wavenumber spectrum. However, less attention has been given to acoustic scattering from spatiotemporally modulated media. In this work, we consider nonreciprocal reflection and transmission from a spatiotemporally modulated, infinite elastic plate excited by a plane wave at oblique incidence. A semi-analytical approach is developed that considers the coupling between the acoustic waves and the displacement of the plate. The reflection and transmission response of the plate for each generated frequency harmonic as a function of the incident angle are reported. Finally, we find conditions on the modulation parameters that yield a large degree of nonreciprocity. The present analysis leads to potential applications in acoustic communications, such as directional wave sensing.
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4

Luo, Xin, Xiang Zhai, Hongju Li, Jianping Liu, and Lingling Wang. "Tunable Nonreciprocal Graphene Waveguide With Kerr Nonlinear Material." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 29, no. 21 (November 1, 2017): 1903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2017.2756637.

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5

Chen, Yiyun, Yaping Zhang, Lingzhong Zhao, Guangfeng Wen, Lin Zhang, Qingtao Ba, Qilin Luo, Jingjing Yu, and Shiyang Liu. "Rectifying Nonreciprocal Perfect Absorber Based on Generalized Effective-Medium Theory for Composite Magnetic Metamaterials." Photonics 9, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100699.

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In this work, we demonstrate the implementation of a nonreciprocal perfect absorber (NPA) made of composite magnetic metamaterials (MMs) consisting of an array of dielectric core loaded (DCL) ferrite rods with either hollow or dielectric cores. The NPA can be functionalized as a PA for the incident beam at a specified direction, while at the symmetric direction the absorption is very weak so that a strong reflection is observed due to the excitation of nonreciprocal magnetic surface plasmon. Interestingly, it is shown that the material loss might be beneficial to the absorption, but it will result in the degradation of nonreciprocal performance. For the delicately designed MMs, only a very small material loss is necessary and simultaneously ensures the high nonreciprocal performance of NPA. To interpret the high quality of NPA, we developed a generalized effective-medium theory for the composite MMs, which shows the direct consequence of the DCL ferrite rods with optimized core size and core permittivity. The partial wave analysis indicates that the nonreciprocal dipole resonance in DCL ferrite rod plays a crucial role in improving the nonreciprocity. The narrow band feature and the angular sensitivity make the NPA promising for the diode-like functionalities. In addition, by controlling the magnitude and orientation of bias magnetic field both the operating frequency and the nonreciprocity can be flexibly controlled, adding an additional degree of freedom. The concept proposed in this research is promising for microwave photonics and integrated photonics.
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6

Itahashi, Yuki M., Toshiya Ideue, Yu Saito, Sunao Shimizu, Takumi Ouchi, Tsutomu Nojima, and Yoshihiro Iwasa. "Nonreciprocal transport in gate-induced polar superconductor SrTiO3." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (March 2020): eaay9120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay9120.

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Polar conductors/superconductors with Rashba-type spin-orbit interaction are potential material platforms for quantum transport and spintronic functionalities. One of their inherent properties is the nonreciprocal transport, where the rightward and leftward currents become inequivalent, reflecting spatial inversion/time-reversal symmetry breaking. Such a rectification effect originating from the polar symmetry has been recently observed at interfaces or bulk Rashba semiconductors, while its mechanism in a polar superconductor remains elusive. Here, we report the nonreciprocal transport in gate-induced two-dimensional superconductor SrTiO3, which is a Rashba superconductor candidate. In addition to the gigantic enhancement of nonreciprocal signals in the superconducting fluctuation region, we found kink and sharp peak structures around critical temperatures, which reflect the crossover behavior from the paraconductivity origin to the vortex origin, based on a microscopic theory. The present result proves that the nonreciprocal transport is a powerful tool for investigating the interfacial/polar superconductors without inversion symmetry, where rich exotic features are theoretically prognosticated.
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7

Palacios, Justin, Lazaro Calderin, Allan Chon, Ian Frankel, Jihad Alqasimi, Florian Allein, Rachel Gorelik, et al. "Temperature-controlled spatiotemporally modulated phononic crystal for achieving nonreciprocal acoustic wave propagation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 6 (June 2022): 3669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011543.

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We computationally investigate a method for spatiotemporally modulating a material's elastic properties, leveraging thermal dependence of elastic moduli, with the goal of inducing nonreciprocal propagation of acoustic waves. Acoustic wave propagation in an aluminum thin film subjected to spatiotemporal boundary heating from one side and constant cooling from the other side was simulated via the finite element method. Material property modulation patterns induced by the asymmetric boundary heating are found to be non-homogenous with depth. Despite these inhomogeneities, it will be shown that such thermoelasticity can still be used to achieve nonreciprocal acoustic wave propagation.
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8

Yu, Guanxia, Huizhou Yang, Jingjing Fu, Xiaomeng Zhang, and Ruoyu Cao. "Nonreciprocal transmission using a multilayer magneto-optical dispersive material with defect." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 34, no. 10 (November 28, 2019): 1400–1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2019.1696712.

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9

Tretyakov, Sergei A. "Nonreciprocal composite with the material relations of the transparent absorbing boundary." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 19, no. 5 (December 5, 1998): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(19981205)19:5<365::aid-mop16>3.0.co;2-#.

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10

Jopson, R. M., J. Stone, L. W. Stulz, and S. J. Licht. "Nonreciprocal transmission in a fiber Fabry-Perot resonator containing a magnetooptic material." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2, no. 10 (October 1990): 702–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.60765.

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11

Xiao, Wenfeng, Xin Luo, Xiang Zhai, and Lingling Wang. "Tunable nonreciprocal transmission system based on MIM waveguide with Kerr nonlinear material." Optics Communications 403 (November 2017): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.07.063.

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12

LI, ZHI-YUAN, RONG-JUAN LIU, LIN GAN, JIN-XIN FU, and JIN LIAN. "NONRECIPROCAL ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICES IN GYROMAGNETIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 02 (December 15, 2013): 1441010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214410100.

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Gyromagnetic photonic crystal (GPC) offers a promising way to realize robust transport of electromagnetic waves against backscattering from various disorders, perturbations and obstacles due to existence of unique topological electromagnetic states. The dc magnetic field exerting upon the GPC brings about the time-reversal symmetry breaking, splits the band degeneracy and opens band gaps where the topological chiral edge states (CESs) arise. The band gap can originate either from long-range Bragg-scattering effect or from short-range localized magnetic surface plasmon resonance (MSP). These topological edge states can be explored to construct backscattering-immune one-way waveguide and other nonreciprocal electromagnetic devices. In this paper we review our recent theoretical and experimental studies of the unique electromagnetic properties of nonreciprocal devices built in GPCs. We will discuss various basic issues like experimental instrumental setup, sample preparations, numerical simulation methods, tunable properties against magnetic field, band degeneracy breaking and band gap opening and creation of topological CESs. We will investigate the unidirectional transport properties of one-way waveguide under the influence of waveguide geometries, interface morphologies, intruding obstacles, impedance mismatch, lattice disorders, and material dissipation loss. We will discuss the unique coupling properties between one-wave waveguide and resonant cavities and their application as novel one-way bandstop filter and one-way channel-drop filter. We will also compare the CESs created in the Bragg-scattering band gap and the MSP band gap under the influence of lattice disorders. These results can be helpful for designing and exploring novel nonreciprocal electromagnetic devices for optical integration and information processing.
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13

Arestova, Iliyana Ilieva. "A Study of Nonreciprocal Coupled Ferrite-Dielectric Image Guide Structure for Ka-band." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.7.1423.

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The nonreciprocal coupled ferrite-dielectric image guide structure with the same geometry as in our previous experimental investigation has been studied numerically by finite element method in the frequency range 26–40 GHz. The ferrite element in the experiment has been inhomogeneously magnetized by using a disk-shaped permanent magnet, whose diameter is comparable with the length of the ferrite bar. Recently, we have modelled the ferrite element as homogeneously magnetized perpendicularly to the ground plane and the direction of propagation. This homogeneous magnetization represents first approximation of the real inhomogeneous one. Here we have extended the numerical examination of the nonreciprocity and as a result we have proposed a procedure for designing isolators with inhomogeneous magnetization. Also, we have investigated the influence of several parameters – permanent magnetic field strength and three ferrite material parameters (saturation magnetization, relative dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent) on the nonreciprocal behavior of the coupled ferrite-dielectric structure.
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14

Arestova, Iliyana Ilieva. "Study of Nonreciprocal Coupled Ferrite-Dielectric Image Guide Structure for Ka-band." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.7.1423.

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The nonreciprocal coupled ferrite-dielectric image guide structure with the same geometry as in our previous experimental investigation has been studied numerically by finite element method in the frequency range 26–40 GHz. The ferrite element in the experiment has been inhomogeneously magnetized by using a disk-shaped permanent magnet, whose diameter is comparable with the length of the ferrite bar. Recently, we have modelled the ferrite element as homogeneously magnetized perpendicularly to the ground plane and the direction of propagation. This homogeneous magnetization represents first approximation of the real inhomogeneous one. Here we have extended the numerical examination of the nonreciprocity and as a result we have proposed a procedure for designing isolators with inhomogeneous magnetization. Also, we have investigated the influence of several parameters – permanent magnetic field strength and three ferrite material parameters (saturation magnetization, relative dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent) on the nonreciprocal behavior of the coupled ferrite-dielectric structure.
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15

Ranjan, Ashish K., Priyanka A. Jha, Pardeep K. Jha, and Prabhakar Singh. "Anisotropic photoconduction in ultrathin CuO: A nonreciprocal system?" Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 19 (November 21, 2022): 195701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116696.

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With the recent global surge in the research on perovskite halides, CuO is one of the binary oxides, which gets attention as a hole transport material. In centrosymmetric CuO, parity-time ([Formula: see text]) violation leads to photoconduction. The [Formula: see text]symmetry can be preserved if the system were non-reciprocal. Thus, in the current work, we fabricated an ultra-thin film of CuO using pulsed laser deposition and observed anisotropic photoconduction. The semiconductor parameters estimated from the photoresponse suggest that the relative value of free charge carrier density is neither altered significantly with thickness reduction nor with light exposure as it is quite low ([Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text]) suggesting high trap (deep) density. Further, anisotropic photocurrent in the absence of an electric field suggests the alteration in electromagnetic potential due to the existence of self-biasing and structural asymmetry. The application of Gauge field variance on 2D photonic metasurface reveals the non-chiral nature. It is suggesting [Formula: see text]-symmetry breaking, and, therefore, the possibility of the photonic Aharonov–Bohm effect is expected in CuO thin films.
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16

Fang, Yun-Tuan, Han-Qing He, and Zhi-Li Lin. "Nonreciprocal perfect absorber based on an ultra-compact nonsymmetry cavity structure." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 03 (January 26, 2015): 1550001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215500010.

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In this paper, the transmission and absorption properties of nonsymmetrical cavity structure with metal material have been studied through transfer matrix method and electromagnetic (EM) field simulations. The absorption is found to be dependent on the cavity resonance effect. For a nonsymmetrical structure, the EM wave can be totally absorbed from one incidence direction, at the same time the EM wave is totally reflected from the opposite incidence direction. The reasons of the nonreciprocal absorption are analyzed in detail.
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17

Wei, Zixuan, Wei Yan, Jun Qin, Longjiang Deng, and Lei Bi. "Dysprosium Substituted Ce:YIG Thin Films for Temperature Insensitive Integrated Optical Isolator Applications." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051691.

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Magneto-optical isolators are key components in photonic systems. Despite the progress of silicon-integrated optical isolators, the Faraday rotation of silicon-integrated magneto-optical materials, such as cerium-doped yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG), show a strong temperature dependence, limiting the temperature range for integrated nonreciprocal photonic device applications. In this work, we report dysprosium substituted Ce:YIG thin films (Dy2Ce1Fe5O12, Dy:CeIG) showing a low temperature coefficient of Faraday rotation. A temperature insensitive range of the Faraday rotation is observed in between 25 °C to 70 °C for this material, compared to 20% variation of the Faraday rotation in Ce:YIG thin films. A Dy:CeIG based temperature insensitive silicon-integrated optical isolator operating in the temperature range of 23 °C to 70 °C is experimentally demonstrated.
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18

Konarski, Stephanie G., and Caleb F. Sieck. "Extraction of dynamic effective material properties for 2D acoustic Willis media." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010769.

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Acoustic Willis media is characterized by coupling between the kinetic and potential energy through the pressure-strain and momentum density-velocityrelationships. The introduction of additional constitutive properties allows more appropriate characterization of complex unit cells, including effects related to physical asymmetry, finite phase and multiple scattering, and nonreciprocal biases. Similar to traditional composites or other metamaterials, homogenization is a valuable modeling tool that simplifies numerical study of Willis media. However, homogenization schemes must be altered to account for even and/or odd Willis coupling parameters. In this work, we extend a 2D homogenization approach to account for the Willis coupling using the modified dynamic equations. With this homogenization scheme, finite layers of N unit cells and N + 1 unit cells are utilized with different propagation angles and incident directions to isolate the response across a single unit cell. Numerical simulations with the finite element method will then be presented to validate the homogenization model and demonstrate the effective material properties obtained for an asymmetric unit cell. [This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
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19

YANNOPAPAS, VASSILIOS. "LATTICES OF COUPLED CAVITIES AS PHOTONIC SIMULATORS FOR TOPOLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 02 (December 15, 2013): 1441005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214410057.

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We review several two- and three-dimensional metamaterial designs which serve as photonic simulators of topological phenomena in condensed matter physics. Based on a coupled-mode theory we show that lattices of interacting cavities can simulate Haldane lattices which exhibit one-way guided modes and mode coalescence in the absence of external magnetic field. Furthermore, periodic holey metals filled with a magnetoelectric material exhibit a nonreciprocal photonic band structure in the optical regime. Lastly, we show that a three-dimensional lattice of interacting cavities respecting time-reversal symmetry and a certain point-group symmetry can simulate a topological crystalline insulator.
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20

Goldsberry, Benjamin M., Samuel P. Wallen, and Michael R. Haberman. "A Green’s function approach for nonreciprocal vibrations of finite elastic structures with spatiotemporally modulated material properties." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 4 (October 2021): A108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0007787.

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21

Daya Shanker and Rashimi Yadav. "The impact of magnetic field on the surface of carbon-insulator-GaAs Semiconductors which is tunable with a frequency range in the presence of surface magneto Plasmon." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.7.2.0279.

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In this paper, group velocity and frequency wave can be tuned with an applied external magnetic field when we increase the magnetic field from 0-4 tesla the frequency range can be reduced for given semiconductor materials. The excitation of the two layers of semiconducting material propagating band structures can be explained by the oscillations of electrons in semiconductors on applying the magnetic field, we study the effects of an external magnetic field in the band structure of C-insulator-GaAs materials in presence of surface magneto plasmons concerning plasma frequency below and above the surface band structures. The surface magneto plasmon bands get excited and show the dispersion relation with frequency range. The higher dispersion band moves in faster than the lower dispersion band structure of semiconducting material. The most energy is stored in a lower surface of magneto plasmon. When we increase the magnetic field, the surface of the semiconductor moves opposite to the lower surface of the semiconductor material. Here, we use semiconducting materials instead of metals because metal cannot support a wide frequency range on the magneto-plasmonic surface providing a good tunning property and more flexibility in this mechanism, which is widely useful in telecommunications, magneto-plasmonic devices, and data processing unit. This study is widely more promising due to its wavelength confinements of electromagnetic fields on semiconducting and insulating layers. Due to nonreciprocal effects, the dispersion of frequency waves varies with different band structures and group velocity also varies with two propagating directions among semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor layers.
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22

Pasadas, Francisco, Wei Wei, Emiliano Pallecchi, Henri Happy, and David Jimenez. "Small-Signal Model for 2D-Material Based FETs Targeting Radio-Frequency Applications: The Importance of Considering Nonreciprocal Capacitances." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 64, no. 11 (November 2017): 4715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2017.2749503.

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23

Portela, Gianni, Miguel Levy, and Hugo E. Hernandez-Figueroa. "Magnetless Optical Circulator Based on an Iron Garnet with Reduced Magnetization Saturation." Molecules 26, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154692.

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A three-port circulator for optical communication systems comprising a photonic crystal slab made of a magneto-optical material in which an magnetizing element is not required to keep its magnetic domains aligned is suggested for the first time. By maximizing the incorporation of europium to its molecular formula, the magneto-optical material can remain in the saturated magnetic state even in the absence of an external DC magnetic field. Two- and three-dimensional simulations of the device performed with full-wave electromagnetic solvers based on the finite element method demonstrate that, at the 1550 nm wavelength, the insertion loss, isolation, and reflection levels are equal to or better than −1 dB, −14 dB, and −20 dB, respectively. Since its operation does not require an electromagnet or a permanent magnet, the suggested circulator is much more compact, being able to reach footprints in the range of three orders of magnitude smaller, when compared to other circulator designs referred to in the literature and the presented results can be useful for the design of other nonreciprocal devices with reduced dimensions for optical communication systems.
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24

Micheletti, Michele, and Dietlind Stolle. "Sustainable Citizenship and the New Politics of Consumption." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 644, no. 1 (October 3, 2012): 88–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212454836.

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This article develops the notion of “sustainable citizenship” and distinguishes it from more conventional forms of citizenship. The authors formulate indicators of the presence of sustainable citizenship among individuals, in corporations, and in nongovernmental organizations and apply those indicators in two empirical studies. The first study is of institutions (Fairtrade International, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, and The Walt Disney Company), and the second is of individuals, particularly those who practice political consumerism and vegetarianism. The studies show that citizenship is expanding in three significant ways: by addressing concerns about past and current injustices and their effects on the future (broadened temporal dimension); by addressing responsibilities worldwide, not just within one’s country (broadened spatial dimension); and by adding a material dimension that emphasizes responsibility to nature and animals. The studies find that the development of sustainable citizenship is taking detours. In particular, self-interest often dominates its nonreciprocal or other-regarding concerns.
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25

Hu, Bin, Ying Zhang, and Qi Jie Wang. "Surface magneto plasmons and their applications in the infrared frequencies." Nanophotonics 4, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0026.

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Abstract Due to their promising properties, surface magneto plasmons have attracted great interests in the field of plasmonics recently. Apart from flexible modulation of the plasmonic properties by an external magnetic field, surface magneto plasmons also promise nonreciprocal effect and multi-bands of propagation, which can be applied into the design of integrated plasmonic devices for biosensing and telecommunication applications. In the visible frequencies, because it demands extremely strong magnetic fields for the manipulation of metallic plasmonic materials, nano-devices consisting of metals and magnetic materials based on surface magneto plasmon are difficult to be realized due to the challenges in device fabrication and high losses. In the infrared frequencies, highly-doped semiconductors can replace metals, owning to the lower incident wave frequencies and lower plasma frequencies. The required magnetic field is also low, which makes the tunable devices based on surface magneto plasmons more practically to be realized. Furthermore, a promising 2D material-graphene shows great potential in infrared magnetic plasmonics. In this paper, we review the magneto plasmonics in the infrared frequencies with a focus on device designs and applications. We investigate surface magneto plasmons propagating in different structures, including plane surface structures and slot waveguides. Based on the fundamental investigation and theoretical studies, we illustrate various magneto plasmonic micro/nano devices in the infrared, such as tunable waveguides, filters, and beam-splitters. Novel plasmonic devices such as one-way waveguides and broad-band waveguides are also introduced.
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26

Qassym, Lilia, Gérard Cibien, Richard Lebourgeois, Gilles Martin, and Dorothée Colson. "New Ferrimagnetic Garnets for LTCC-Technology Circulators." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.358290.

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Abstract Yttrium iron garnet-based ferrites are used in nonreciprocal devices like microwave circulators and isolators. The low dielectric and magnetic losses of those materials provide the required properties. The main drawbacks of circulators are their size and cost, due to complex mechanical assembling of the different materials. To simplify the complex manufacturing process, a possible solution would be to adapt the different materials to a common low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) process: the circulators would be produced with an additive multilayer process. We showed that cationic substitutions (bismuth and copper) enable a considerable decrease of the sintering temperature of garnets, from ~1,450°C to down to ~950°C. Furthermore, due to bismuth cations, a high permittivity is achieved, allowing the reduction of the circulator core size. Our most recent results show that it is possible to decrease this temperature down to 880°C, thanks to vanadium substitutions. This significant decrease of the sintering temperature leads to a compatible material for cofiring with gold and particularly with silver (melting points 1,064°C and 962°C, respectively). Different assemblies of tapes were studied: ferrite with silver or gold, ferrite with dielectric and ferrite with dielectric and metallization. Physical analyses (dilatometry, coefficient of thermal expansion, etc.) are exposed and magnetic and dielectric properties (permittivity and saturation magnetization) are discussed. Moreover, the first results of circulators in LTCC technology with gold and silver screen printing are presented (transmission, isolation, and return loss) and the compatibility of the different elements is analyzed.
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27

Sederberg, Shawn, Curtis J. Firby, Shawn R. Greig, and Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi. "Integrated nanoplasmonic waveguides for magnetic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0135.

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AbstractAs modern complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry rapidly approaches fundamental speed and bandwidth limitations, optical platforms have become promising candidates to circumvent these limits and facilitate massive increases in computational power. To compete with high density CMOS circuitry, optical technology within the plasmonic regime is desirable, because of the sub-diffraction limited confinement of electromagnetic energy, large optical bandwidth, and ultrafast processing capabilities. As such, nanoplasmonic waveguides act as nanoscale conduits for optical signals, thereby forming the backbone of such a platform. In recent years, significant research interest has developed to uncover the fundamental physics governing phenomena occurring within nanoplasmonic waveguides, and to implement unique optical devices. In doing so, a wide variety of material properties have been exploited. CMOS-compatible materials facilitate passive plasmonic routing devices for directing the confined radiation. Magnetic materials facilitate time-reversal symmetry breaking, aiding in the development of nonreciprocal isolators or modulators. Additionally, strong confinement and enhancement of electric fields within such waveguides require the use of materials with high nonlinear coefficients to achieve increased nonlinear optical phenomenon in a nanoscale footprint. Furthermore, this enhancement and confinement of the fields facilitate the study of strong-field effects within the solid-state environment of the waveguide. Here, we review current state-of-the-art physics and applications of nanoplasmonic waveguides pertaining to passive, magnetoplasmonic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices. Such components are essential elements in integrated optical circuitry, and each fulfill specific roles in truly developing a chip-scale plasmonic computing architecture.
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28

Kang, Janghoon, and Michael R. Haberman. "Spatiotemporally modulated reflective acoustic metasurfaces." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010871.

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Nonreciprocal acoustic wave propagation has been the topic of intense study for nearly a decade with the objective of understanding physical requirements to increase control over propagating acoustic waves [Nassar et al., Nat. Rev. Mater. 5(9), 667–685 (2020)]. One approach to achieve non-reciprocity is deterministic spatiotemporal modulation of the material properties of the medium in which waves propagate. Achieving this modulation requires external sources of energy throughout the domain of interest, which presents a significant scientific and technical challenge. Furthermore, the non-reciprocal nature of the acoustic response is not guaranteed for finite domains and finding parameter sets of modulation amplitude, frequency, and wavenumber that lead to significant non-reciprocal behavior is non-trivial [Goldsberry et al., Phys. Rev. B 102(1), 014312 (2020)]. Input impedance modulation of finite acoustic metasurfaces (AMS) presents a more tractable technical challenge. This work considers semi-analytical and numerical modeling of modulated reflective AMS. We present parametric studies of the static input impedance profiles and modulation functions as a linear, time-varying boundary condition of an acoustic half-space. We consider static admittance profiles that are uniform, discontinuous, and continuously varying and how this may influence the effectiveness of spatiotemporal modulation in achieving performance objectives such as acoustic diffusivity.
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29

Gubbiotti, G., A. Sadovnikov, S. E. Sheshukova, E. Beginin, S. Nikitov, G. Talmelli, C. Adelmann, and F. Ciubotaru. "Spin-wave nonreciprocity and formation of lateral standing spin waves in CoFeB/Ta/NiFe meander-shaped films." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 8 (August 28, 2022): 083902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102010.

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Studying the spin-wave (SW) propagation in 3D periodic structures opens new possibilities for joining functional units placed on the different layers of the magnonic circuitry. In the path toward 3D magnonics, the main challenge is the fabrication of large-scale 3D magnetic structures with nanometric precision control of geometry and material composition. In this work, we study the dependence on the Ta spacer thickness of the magnonic band structure, measured by Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, of CoFeB/Ta/NiFe meander-shaped bilayers fabricated on pre-patterned Si substrate with thickness steps of 50 nm. Both propagating and stationary SW modes are observed. While the frequency of the dispersive mode slightly depends on the Ta spacer thickness, the frequency position of the three stationary modes in the lowest frequency range of the spectra significantly increases by increasing the Ta thickness. Micromagnetic calculations indicate that each of the three stationary modes is composed of a doublet of modes whose frequency separation, within each doublet, increases by increasing the mode frequency. The origin of this frequency separation is ascribed to the dynamic dipolar coupling between the magnetic layers that generate a significant frequency nonreciprocity of counterpropagating SWs. For these reasons, the investigated structures offer potential application as the nonreciprocal versatile interconnections performing the frequency selective regimes of signal propagation in magnonic circuits.
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30

Bi, Lei. "Materials for nonreciprocal photonics." MRS Bulletin 43, no. 6 (June 2018): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2018.120.

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31

Amel'chenko, Mariya, Anastasia Bir, Feodor Ogrin, Sergej Odintsov, Dmitrij Romanenko, Aleksandr Sadovnikov, Sergej Nikitov, and Sergej Grishin. "Magnetic metasurfaces with metallic inclusions." Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 30, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 563–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-003007.

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Purpose of this paper is the development and creation of the magnetic metasurfaces with metallic inclusions operating both in the microwave and terahertz frequency ranges. Methods. The Maxwell’s equations and the expressions for the effective medium parameters are used to build the analytical models of the magnetic metasurfaces based on either a ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM) dielectric matrix, containing a two-dimensional periodic structure of thin metal (non-magnetic) wires surrounded by insulators. Numerical simulation of such structures operating in the microwave range is carried out using the MaxLLG software package. The magnetron sputtering, liquid etching, optical lithography, and lift-off photolithography are used to create bicomponent magnetic metasurfaces, consisting of two magnetic materials with very different values of magnetization. The study of linear and nonlinear characteristics of the bicomponent magnetic metasurfaces is carried out using the methods of microwave and Brillouin spectroscopy. Results. Based on the developed analytical model of the magnetic metasurface with metallic (nonmagnetic) inclusions it is shown that the FM metasurface possesses properties of a left-handed medium in a microwave range and the AFM metasurface possesses similar properties in a terahertz range. In the last case, the material parameters of the AFM metasurface are twice negative in two frequency bands. For the magnetic metasurfaces with metallic magnetic inclusions, the formation of absorption bands in the spectrum of a traveling magnetostatic surface spin wave due to the resonant properties of the inclusions has been established. In the nonlinear regime, the effect of nonreciprocal parametric three-wave resonance was obtained. Conclusion. The results presented in the paper demonstrate a number of physical phenomena that are observed only in the magnetic metasurfaces with metallic (nonmagnetic and magnetic) inclusions.
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32

Zhang, Xiaomeng, Yuyu Zhou, Xiaochen Sun, Xiujuan Zhang, Ming-Hui Lu, and Yan-Feng Chen. "Reconfigurable Light Imaging in Photonic Higher-Order Topological Insulators." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050819.

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Topological phases of matter with robust edge states have revolutionized the fundamental intuitions for wave control. The recent development of higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) realizes even lower dimensional topological states that enable versatile wave manipulations (e.g., light imaging). However, in conventional HOTIs, the topological states are usually protected by certain crystalline symmetries and therefore bounded at specific locations, hindering their applications in modern digital ears, which often prefer tunability and reconfigurability. Here, we report the reconfigurable light imaging based on topological corner states and anti-chiral edge states in a two-dimensional (2D) photonic HOTI with a honeycomb lattice of yttrium iron garnet (YIG, a ferrite material) rods. Sublattices A and B are applied with magnetic fields in opposite directions, which realize the so-called modified Haldane model that hosts anti-chiral edge modes. By further breaking the lattice’s inversion symmetry via adjusting the radii of A and B rods, topological edge states with valley degrees of freedom emerge, which not only exhibit valley-dependence but also surprisingly show anti-chiral behaviors. In the valley edge gap, which is of nontrivial higher-order topology, corner states appear. With different combinations of corner states and anti-chiral edge states, versatile reconfigurable light imaging can be realized. As examples, a multiplexing waveguide-resonator device, a pine tree imaging that can be lit up or put out at will and selective imaging for partial objects in a two-heart pattern are demonstrated. The proposed HOTI shows high potential in future intelligent devices with exciting tunable and reconfigurable functions, which may inspire a wide range of applications such as topological switching, imaging processing, and nonreciprocal integrated photonics.
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33

Zambon, Ivan, Monica Patricia Santamaria Ariza, José Campos e Matos, and Alfred Strauss. "Value of Information (VoI) for the Chloride Content in Reinforced Concrete Bridges." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020567.

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The corrosion of reinforcement caused by chloride ingress significantly reduces the length of the service life of reinforced concrete bridges. Therefore, the condition of bridges is periodically inspected by specially trained engineers regarding the possible occurrence of reinforcement corrosion. Their main goal is to ensure that the structure can resist mechanical and environmental loads and offer a satisfactory level of safety and serviceability. In the course of assessment, measuring the chloride content, through which corrosion could be anticipated and prevented, presents a possible alternative to visual inspections and corrosion tests that can only indicate already existing corrosion. It is hard to determine the cost-effectiveness and actual value of chloride content measurements in a simple and straightforward way. Thus, the main aim of the paper was to study the value of newly gained information, which is obtained when a chloride content in reinforced concrete bridges is measured. This value was here analyzed through the pre-posterior analysis of the cost of measurement and repair, taking into account different types of exposure and material properties for a general case. The research focus was set on the initiation phase in which there are no visible damages. A relative comparison of costs is presented, where the cost of possible reactive/proactive repair was compared with the maximum cost of measurement, while the measurement is still cost effective. The analysis showed a high influence of the initial probability of depassivation on the maximum cost of the cost-effective measurement, as well as a nonreciprocal relation of the minimum cost of cost-effective reactive repair with the measurement accuracy.
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34

Ahn, Jeong Ung, Ki Hyuk Han, Seong Been Kim, OukJae Lee, Hyung-jun Kim, and Hyun Cheol Koo. "Room-Temperature Nonreciprocal Charge Transport in an InAs-Based Rashba Channel." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac6625.

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Nonreciprocal charge transport is observed in a non-centrosymmetric system without a ferromagnetic layer. To observe the nonreciprocity of the Rashba system, an InAs-based two-dimensional electron gas channel is utilized and the angular dependent harmonic Hall measurement is performed. From the amplitude of the curve, a nonreciprocal coefficient of 1.36 A−1T−1 is extracted at 1.9 K. While the extracted value of the nonreciprocal coefficient decreases down to 0.44 A−1T−1 at 300 K, we can clearly observe the nonreciprocal charge transport at room temperature. In addition, the independent transport measurements clarify that the amplitude of nonreciprocal coefficient is closely connected with the strength of the Rashba effect.
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35

Shastri, Kunal, Mohamed Abdelrahman, and Francesco Monticone. "Nonreciprocal and Topological Plasmonics." Photonics 8, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040133.

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Metals, semiconductors, metamaterials, and various two-dimensional materials with plasmonic dispersion exhibit numerous exotic physical effects in the presence of an external bias, for example an external static magnetic field or electric current. These physical phenomena range from Faraday rotation of light propagating in the bulk to strong confinement and directionality of guided modes on the surface and are a consequence of the breaking of Lorentz reciprocity in these systems. The recent introduction of relevant concepts of topological physics, translated from condensed-matter systems to photonics, has not only given a new perspective on some of these topics by relating certain bulk properties of plasmonic media to the surface phenomena, but has also led to the discovery of new regimes of truly unidirectional, backscattering-immune, surface-wave propagation. In this article, we briefly review the concepts of nonreciprocity and topology and describe their manifestation in plasmonic materials. Furthermore, we use these concepts to classify and discuss the different classes of guided surface modes existing on the interfaces of various plasmonic systems.
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36

Shi, Yuan-Kun, Bao-Fei Wan, and Hai-Feng Zhang. "Nonreciprocal Goos–Hänchen effect at the reflection of electromagnetic waves from the one-dimensional magnetized ferrite photonic crystals." Journal of Optics 24, no. 5 (April 13, 2022): 055103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac5f22.

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Abstract Leveraging the traditional transfer matrix and stationary phase methods, the nonreciprocal Goos–Hänchen (GH) phenomena for the electromagnetic (EM) waves reflected at the surface of the one-dimensional photonic crystals with ferrite layers and dielectric layers are investigated numerically. The GH effect (the peak of the lateral shift value up to over 200 times the wavelength) produced by the forward and backward incidence of EM waves under the transverse electric wave is identified to arise at significantly different frequency positions in the terahertz (THz) regime, whereas the transverse magnetic wave produces almost no GH effect under the same condition. Based on such a nonreciprocal phenomenon, the effect of the incident angle on the nonreciprocal properties is covered initially, for every 20° increase in the angle of the incident TE wave, the frequency span at which the two GH shift peaks emerge will decrease by 0.1 THz. In addition, the thicknesses of dielectric layers are modified separately, and distinct sensitivities of them to the nonreciprocal phenomenon are displayed. Lastly, through the regulation of the external magnetic fields of ferrite layers, the nonreciprocal effect can be selectively presented in multiple forms, which provides a novel pathway to design nonreciprocal sensors.
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37

Enrico Quadrelli, Davide, Emanuele Riva, Gabriele Cazzulani, and Francesco Braghin. "Omindirectional Non-Reciprocity via 2D Modulated Radial Sonic Crystals." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070624.

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In this paper we report on nonreciprocal wave propagation in a 2D radial sonic crystal with space–time varying properties. We show that a modulation traveling along the radial direction reflects in omni-directional and isotropic nonreciprocal wave propagation between inner and outer shells. The nonreciprocal behavior is verified both analytically and numerically, demonstrating that space–time radial crystals can be employed as one-way emitter or receiver of acoustic or elastic signals.
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38

Alù, Andrea, and Harish Krishnaswamy. "Artificial nonreciprocal photonic materials at GHz-to-THz frequencies." MRS Bulletin 43, no. 6 (June 2018): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2018.126.

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39

Kamenetskii, E. O. "Nonreciprocal microwave bianisotropic materials: reciprocity theorem and network reciprocity." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 49, no. 3 (March 2001): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.918609.

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40

Fan, Shengfa, Yihong Qi, Yueping Niu, and Shangqing Gong. "Nonreciprocal transmission of multi-band optical signals in thermal atomic systems." Chinese Optics Letters 20, no. 1 (2022): 012701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202220.012701.

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41

Hirokane, Yuji, Yoichi Nii, Hidetoshi Masuda, and Yoshinori Onose. "Nonreciprocal thermal transport in a multiferroic helimagnet." Science Advances 6, no. 40 (September 2020): eabd3703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd3703.

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Breaking of spatial inversion symmetry induces unique phenomena in condensed matter. In particular, by combining this symmetry with magnetic fields or another type of time-reversal symmetry breaking, noncentrosymmetric materials can be made to exhibit nonreciprocal responses, which are responses that differ for rightward and leftward stimuli. However, the effect of spatial inversion symmetry breaking on thermal transport in uniform media remains to be elucidated. Here, we show nonreciprocal thermal transport in the multiferroic helimagnet TbMnO3. The longitudinal thermal conductivity depends on whether the thermal current is parallel or antiparallel to the vector product of the electric polarization and magnetization. This phenomenon is thermal rectification that is controllable with external fields in a uniform crystal. This discovery may pave the way to thermal diodes with controllability and scalability.
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42

Li, Zhenni, Yize Wang, and Yuesheng Wang. "Tunable three-dimensional nonreciprocal transmission in a layered nonlinear elastic wave metamaterial by initial stresses." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 43, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-021-2808-9.

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AbstractIn this work, the three-dimensional (3D) propagation behaviors in the nonlinear phononic crystal and elastic wave metamaterial with initial stresses are investigated. The analytical solutions of the fundamental wave and second harmonic with the quasi-longitudinal (qP) and quasi-shear (qS1 and qS2) modes are derived. Based on the transfer and stiffness matrices, band gaps with initial stresses are obtained by the Bloch theorem. The transmission coefficients are calculated to support the band gap property, and the tunability of the nonreciprocal transmission by the initial stress is discussed. This work is expected to provide a way to tune the nonreciprocal transmission with vector characteristics.
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43

Nelson, Seth, Durdu O. Guney, and Miguel Levy. "Nonreciprocal magneto-optic beam splitting." Optical Materials Express 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.451528.

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44

Kwon, Jae Hyun, Jungbum Yoon, Praveen Deorani, Jong Min Lee, Jaivardhan Sinha, Kyung-Jin Lee, Masamitsu Hayashi, and Hyunsoo Yang. "Giant nonreciprocal emission of spin waves in Ta/Py bilayers." Science Advances 2, no. 7 (July 2016): e1501892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501892.

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Spin waves are propagating disturbances in the magnetization of magnetic materials. One of their interesting properties is nonreciprocity, exhibiting that their amplitude depends on the magnetization direction. Nonreciprocity in spin waves is of great interest in both fundamental science and applications because it offers an extra knob to control the flow of waves for the technological fields of logics and switch applications. We show a high nonreciprocity in spin waves from Ta/Py bilayer systems with out-of-plane magnetic fields. The nonreciprocity depends on the thickness of Ta underlayer, which is found to induce an interfacial anisotropy. The origin of observed high nonreciprocity is twofold: different polarities of the in-plane magnetization due to different angles of canted out-of-plane anisotropy and the spin pumping effect at the Ta/Py interface. Our findings provide an opportunity to engineer highly efficient, nonreciprocal spin wave–based applications, such as nonreciprocal microwave devices, magnonic logic gates, and information transports.
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45

Han, Wang, Lei Yazhou, and Han Jianfei. "Enhanced nonreciprocal thermal radiation properties of Graphene-based Magneto-optical materials." Optics & Laser Technology 142 (October 2021): 107279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107279.

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46

Lu, Hai, Ting Zhu, Jun Zhang, Hong-Chao Liu, Ke-Sheng Shen, Yun Zheng, Shi-Qing Dong, et al. "Nonreciprocal Tamm plasmon absorber based on lossy epsilon-near-zero materials." Optics Express 29, no. 12 (May 24, 2021): 17736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.426030.

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47

Dumelow, T., R. E. Camley, Kamsul Abraha, and D. R. Tilley. "Nonreciprocal phase behavior in reflection of electromagnetic waves from magnetic materials." Physical Review B 58, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.58.897.

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48

TANG, ZHENGHUA, and WEIYI ZHANG. "NONRECIPROCAL MULTIFERROIC SUPERLATTICES WITH BROKEN PARITY SYMMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 03 (January 30, 2012): 1250021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921250021x.

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Multiferroic materials are characterized by the coexistence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic (or antiferromagnetic) orders, the coupling to lattice vibration can be invoked either through piezoelectric or piezomagnetic effects. In this paper, the polaritonic band structures of multiferroic superlattices composed of oppositely polarized domains are investigated using the generalized transfer matrix method. For the primitive cell with broken parity symmetry, the polaritonic band structure is asymmetrical with respect to the forward and backward propagation directions (nonreciprocality). In particular, the band extreme points move away from the Brillouin zone center. This asymmetry in band-gap positions and widths can be used to design compact one-way optical isolators, while the extremely slow light velocities near the asymmetrical upper edges of lower bands includes the essential ingredients for designing slow light devices.
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49

Xu, Mingran, Kei Yamamoto, Jorge Puebla, Korbinian Baumgaertl, Bivas Rana, Katsuya Miura, Hiromasa Takahashi, Dirk Grundler, Sadamichi Maekawa, and Yoshichika Otani. "Nonreciprocal surface acoustic wave propagation via magneto-rotation coupling." Science Advances 6, no. 32 (August 2020): eabb1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb1724.

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A fundamental form of magnon-phonon interaction is an intrinsic property of magnetic materials, the “magnetoelastic coupling.” This form of interaction has been the basis for describing magnetostrictive materials and their applications, where strain induces changes of internal magnetic fields. Different from the magnetoelastic coupling, more than 40 years ago, it was proposed that surface acoustic waves may induce surface magnons via rotational motion of the lattice in anisotropic magnets. However, a signature of this magnon-phonon coupling mechanism, termed magneto-rotation coupling, has been elusive. Here, we report the first observation and theoretical framework of the magneto-rotation coupling in a perpendicularly anisotropic film Ta/CoFeB(1.6 nanometers)/MgO, which consequently induces nonreciprocal acoustic wave attenuation with an unprecedented ratio of up to 100% rectification at a theoretically predicted optimized condition. Our work not only experimentally demonstrates a fundamentally new path for investigating magnon-phonon coupling but also justifies the feasibility of the magneto-rotation coupling application.
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50

Castéra, Jean-Paul, and Paul-Louis Meunier. "Nonreciprocal devices in integrated optics." Fiber and Integrated Optics 8, no. 1 (January 1989): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468038908202865.

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