Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nonmetallic Inclusions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Nonmetallic Inclusions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nonmetallic Inclusions"

1

Mayerhofer, Alexander, Dali You, Peter Presoly, Christian Bernhard, and Susanne K. Michelic. "Study on the Possible Error Due to Matrix Interaction in Automated SEM/EDS Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel by Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Electrolytic Extraction." Metals 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070860.

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Up to now, the Fe content of nonmetallic particles has often been neglected in chemical evaluations due to the challenging analysis of matrix elements in nonmetallic inclusions (NMI) in steel by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (SEM/EDS). Neglecting matrix elements as possible bonding partners of forming particles may lead to inaccurate results. In the present study, a referencing method for the iron content in nonmetallic inclusions in the submicrometer region is described focusing on the system Fe-Mn-O. Thermodynamic and kinetic calculations are applied to predict the inclusion population for different Fe/Mn ratios. Reference samples containing (Fe,Mn)-oxide inclusions with varying Fe ratios are produced by manganese deoxidation in a high-frequency induction furnace. Subsequent SEM/EDS measurements are performed on metallographic specimens and electrolytically extracted nonmetallic inclusions down to 0.3 µm. The limits of iron detection in these particles, especially for those in the submicrometric regime, as well as the possible influence of electrolytic extraction on Fe-containing oxide particles are examined. The measured inclusion compositions correlate well with the calculated results regarding segregation and kinetics. The examinations performed are reliable proof for the application of SEM/EDS measurements to evaluate the Fe content in nonmetallic inclusions, within the physical limits of polished cross-section samples. Only electrolytic extraction ensures the determination of accurate compositions of dissolved or bonded matrix elements at smallest particles enabling quantitative particle descriptions for submicrometric (particles ≤ 1 µm) steel cleanness evaluations.
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Hong, Sung Hwan, Jung Hoon Kang, and Jeong Whan Han. "Effect of Dam Design on the Fluid Flow in T-Shaped Continuous Casting Tundish." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.251.

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In the continuity casting technology of steel-manufacturing process, the tundish has two important functions: the preservation and distribution of molten metal and the reaction container able to perform float-out separation of nonmetallic inclusions. The residence time affects the effective removal of the nonmetallic inclusions. In this study, a T-shaped tundish with a submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and three strands was investigated for its ability to extend the residence time. Analysis conditions were the shape of the dam which was transformed to three cases. Fluid flow and non-metallic inclusion movement were also analyzed. The movement and removal of nonmetallic inclusions was determined by residence time distribution (RTD) analysis. As a result, the number of float-out, non-metallic inclusions was increased when the deviation of mean residence time was reduced.
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Sobolev, Yu V., Yu M. Batov, S. Yu Afanas’ev, S. A. Chernyakhovskii, L. T. Afanas’eva, and A. G. Vladimirov. "Nonmetallic inclusions in important steels." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2011, no. 6 (June 2011): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602951106022x.

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Chumanov, I. V., A. N. Anikeev, and D. V. Sergeev. "Studying Influence of Rotation an Electrode on the Number Nonmetallic Inclusions in Received Eletroslag Metal." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.154.

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Quality improvement metal, in particular decrease content nonmetallic inclusions, is very important tasks as mechanical, thermal and anticorrosive characteristics metal depend on it. Electroslag remelting well influences quality on metal: content harmful impurity decreases, metal density increases, nonmetallic inclusions are removed. A method quality improvement metal by means of removal of nonmetallic inclusions at classical electroslag remelting and remelting with rotation electrode it is offered in this article. Also metallographic surveys experimental materials received are given in article which showed that ESR with rotation electrode deletes nonmetallic inclusions for 55-56 % more effectively, than classical remelting.
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Yamashita, Fumiyoshi, Yasunori Ide, Suguru Kato, Kyosuke Ueda, Takayuki Narushima, Sumio Kise, Kouji Ishikawa, and Minoru Nishida. "Effect of Nonmetallic Inclusions on Fatigue Properties of Superelastic Ti-Ni Fine Wire." Metals 9, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090999.

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This study investigated the effects of the types and length of nonmetallic inclusions on fatigue properties in rotating bending fatigue testing of Ti-Ni alloy fine wire. It was fabricated to include titanium carbides Ti(C,O) and titanium oxides Ti4Ni2Ox as either single phases or a mixture of both phases as nonmetallic inclusions in Ti-Ni alloy. The fatigue strength of Ti-Ni alloy depended on the number of nonmetallic inclusions of a length of ≥2 μm. Compared with Ti(C,O), Ti4Ni2Ox is coarse. It also exhibited a trend of readily forming particles and void assemblies, which are a defect morphology that originates from nonmetallic inclusions and readily act as crack origins of fatigue fractures.
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Khoroshailov, V. G., L. T. Zhukova, E. G. Lashkova, and N. B. Tsvetova. "Nonmetallic inclusions in steel U10A wire." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 32, no. 11 (November 1990): 881–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00700074.

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Babenko, Anatoly A., Vladimir I. Zhuchkov, and Natalia I. Selmenskih. "Effect of Boron on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Tube Steel." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.374.

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Effects of boron in low-carbon tube steel grade 17G1SU on nonmetallic inclusions, structure and mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental samples of rolled metal containing boron 0.006 and 0.011% are characterized by predominantly small, nonmetallic inclusions not more than 5 μm, which are represented by complex alumomagnesium spinels in the shell of manganese and calcium sulfides, and small silicate inclusions. Nonmetallic inclusions of comparative pipe steel sample, containing no boron characterized by the presence of larger inclusions presented complex oxysulfide and sulfide films. The main structural component of the comparative and experimental samples is ferrite. The introduction of boron is contributed by a decrease in the average size of ferritic grains from 8.7 μm (0% B) to 6.2 (0.006% B). Increasing the boron content to 0.011% leads to slight increase (up to 6.8 microns) of the size. The mechanical properties of 10 μm rolled metal pipe steel ensured the production of rolled products of strength class X80 without additional (thermal) treatment, as a result of the reduction in the size and shape of nonmetallic inclusions, and formation of dispersed structure.
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Xu, Yi, and Shu Qin. "Study on FGH95 Superalloy Prepared by Spray Forming." Advanced Materials Research 337 (September 2011): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.434.

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FGH95 superalloy cylindrical billet was prepared by spray forming, The yield is 73.6%, porosity is 0.6%, the oxygen content is only 20ppm. Spray forming preparation method and technological parameter were illustrated. The microstructure on the different positions of billet were observed. The results show that the difference of γ′ phase size, feature and distribution depend on different cooling velocity and local temperature difference during the spray forming process. SEM of nonmetallic inclusions were observed, and XPS of nonmetallic inclusions, nozzle and adhesive were analysed, the results show that the nonmetallic inclusions were from nozzle and adhesive.
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Sun, Chuxiong, Yifeng Guo, Qiang Li, Zhe Shen, Tianxiang Zheng, Huai Wang, Weili Ren, Zuosheng Lei, and Yunbo Zhong. "Numerical Simulation on Saffman Force Controlled Inclusions Removal during the ESR Process." Metals 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050647.

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Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an effective method for removing nonmetallic inclusions from steels or alloys. The main stage of inclusion removal during ESR is the aggregation of liquid metal film (LMF) to form droplets at the consumable electrode tip. In this study, a lab-level ESR experiment was carried out. The number and size of inclusions at the characteristic position of the electrode were quantitatively counted. The number of inclusions in the center position of LMF were larger than that in other regions. To elucidate these phenomena, a two-dimensional mathematical model was established to study the migration of inclusions in LMF. The results indicate that due to the large velocity gradient in LMF, the Saffman force is strong enough to offset the buoyant force and drag the inclusions toward the slag/LMF interface (SFI), where the inclusions will be dissolved in the SFI region by the molten slag. This study demonstrates that the Saffman force plays a key role in the removal of nonmetallic inclusions in LMF during the ESR process.
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Babin, G. V., D. V. Rutskiy, N. A. Zyuban, and A. Yu Agarkov. "CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF NON-METAL INCLUSIONS AND CONTAMINATION STEEL D DURED BY ALUMINUM." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 7(242) (July 29, 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-7-242-86-91.

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Using optical and electron microscopy methods, the pollution of grade D carbon steel by nonmetallic inclusions in samples taken at the stages of metallurgical redistribution (EAF → LF → VOD → Casting). Metal contamination and chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions are determined. It was shown that deoxidation at the stage of production of the intermediate by aluminum leads to the formation of nonmetallic inclusions of corundum (Al2O3) in the metal melt, the proportion of which in total over all redistributions is 52%. Identification and assessment of contamination by non-metallic inclusions showed that subsequent stages of out-of-furnace treatment lead to a decrease in total pollution by inclusions. After evacuation and addition of Al and SiCa, corundum inclusions acquire a globular shape with a maximum size of not more than 6 μm. During solidification, the total contamination by non-metallic inclusions does not change, however. Contamination with silicate inclusions decreases, and the inclusion of corundum increases. The inclusions of corundum are irregular in shape, the high contamination with the inclusions of corundum is caused by secondary oxidation of aluminum during casting, as well as the ingress of products by overgrowing of the casting nozzle into the solidified continuously cast billet.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nonmetallic Inclusions"

1

Douglas, Brent A. "Nonmetallic inclusions in HSLA steel weldments." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27164.

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Ma, Zhongting. "Control of nonmetallic inclusions in continuously cast steels : applications of oxide metallurgy /." Freiberg : TU Bergakad, 2002. https://fridolin.tu-freiberg.de/archiv/html/WerkstofftechnologieMaZhongting41933.html.

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Ma, Zhongting. "Control of nonmetallic inclusions in continuously cast steels - application of oxide metallurgy /." Freiberg : TU Bergakad, 2002. https://fridolin.tu-freiberg.de/archiv/html/WerkstofftechnologieMaZhongting41933.html.

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Kashfipour, Marjan Alsadat. "Investigation of Nonmetallic Inclusions and their Corellation to Pitting Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1447689604.

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Ma, Zhongting. "Control of nonmetallic inclusions in continuously cast steels in view of macro-cleanliness, castability, precipitation modification and grain refinement." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola&quot, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-419334.

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Nichtmetallische Einschlüsse üben normalerweise auf die Gebrauchseigenschaften von Stählen einen schädlichen Einfluss aus. Sie können aber unter gewissen Bedingungen positiv sein. Hohe Gebrauchseigenschaften von Stählen können garantiert werden, wenn die Größe nichtmetallischer Einschlüsse unter einem kritischen Niveau gehalten wird. Die vorliegende Studie dient dem Zweck, die Verfahrenstechnik zur Erzeugung feiner Oxidteilchen nahe oder unter 1 mm Durchmesser, die als Keime für die Bildung feinverteilten Ferrits und feinverteilter Ausscheidungen dienen, zu entwickeln. Alternative Desoxidationstechniken sind ein erfolgversprechender Ansatz, die genannten Wirkungen zu erreichen. Die Einflüsse von Desoxidationsmitteln wie Al, Ti, Zr und Mn sowie der Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit auf die Oxideinschlüsse sowie deren Größe, Verteilung und Anzahl werden untersucht. Die Keimbildungsmechanismen feinverteilten Ferrits und feinverteilter Ausscheidungen werden vorgestellt. Der physikalische Mechanismus des Nozzle Cloggings wird vorgestellt und quantativ interpretiert. Eine gute Vergießbarkeit wird durch die Erzeugung von feinverteilten sphärischen Einschlüssen mit glatter Oberfläche, hoher Dichte und kleinem Benetzungswinkel garantiert. Desweiteren wird auch ein modifizierter e-Formalismus zur exakten thermodynamischen Analyse metallischer Schmelzen und ein Modell zur Berechnung des Wachstums von Oxideinschlüssen in Stahlschmelzen während der Erstarrung entwickelt.
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Ma, Zhongting. "Control of nonmetallic inclusions in continuously cast steels in view of macro-cleanliness, castability, precipitation modification and grain refinement." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. https://fridolin.tu-freiberg.de/archiv/html/WerkstofftechnologieMaZhongting41933.html.

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Nilsson, Hultén Leo. "Nitrogen Without Oxygen : The effect of ferroalloys added after vacuum treatment on cleanliness of nitrogen-alloyed tool steel." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298093.

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Nitrogen-alloyed tool steel is made at Uddeholms AB by adding high-nitrogen ferroalloy after vacuum degassing where introduced impurities are hard to remove. In this thesis two types of high-nitrogen ferrochromium are compared, a solid version and a powder cored wire. They are examined in crossection and 16 samples from four charges are examined with Pulse Distribution Analysis as well as systematic microscopy of polished cross sections. The PDA results missed smaller spinel inclusions shown in previous research to be detrimental. The wire form shows promise but more charges need to be evaluated before a conclusion is drawn.
Kvävelegerat verktygsstål tillverkas hos Uddeholms AB genom tillsats av kväverika ferrolegeringar efter vakumavgasning, och orenheter som introduceras i detta steg är svåra att avskilja. I den har uppsatsen jämförs två typer av kväverikt ferrokrom varav en i form av stycken och en i form av tråd med pulverkärna. De undersöks i tvärsnitt och totalt 16 prov från fyra charger undersöks med PDA (pulsfördelningsanalys) och systematisk mikroskopering i tvärsnitt. Resultaten från PDA missade mindre inneslutningar av spinell vilka tidigare har visat sig problematiska. Trådformen verkar lovande men fler charger behöver undersökas för att kunna dra en definitiv slutsats.
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Keegan, Neil J. "Nonmetallic inclusion modification and its effect on the final properties of a linepipe steel." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11910/.

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Five linepipe type steels were produced in order to study the effect of calcium and magnesium injection on their final properties. Two of these steels were at the extremes of the sulphide range i.e. 0.003 and 0.017% sulphur with no injection attempted; thereby, providing standards to compare with the injected steels. The oxygen level varied from 21 to 63 p.p.m. The cast ingots were controlled-rolled and isothermally rolled in order to study the deformation characteristics of the residual non-metallic inclusions. The structure and cleanliness of these steels was evaluated metallographically using the light microscope, SEM, and image analysis and the results related to their Charpy toughness and HIC resistance. Increasing sulphur levels decreased final properties of the steel. In the untreated state, with as little as 0.003% sulphur, test orientation was highly influential. Modification of sulphur bearing steels was achieved with low modifying element to sulphur ratios provided that the oxygen content was very low. Injection of calcium into steel caused interaction with oxide and sulphide inclusions which was biased toward oxide reduction relative to sulphur removal. Magnesium again reduced oxides and appeared to be linked with aluminia containing inclusions in the final product. It produced improved toughness values relative to a similar sulphur containing calcium treated steel. The results of this work could be extended to establish the mechanism of inclusion modification with magnesium additions to sulphur bearing steels.
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Ma, Zhongting. "Control of nonmetallic inclusions in continuously cast steels in view of macro-cleanliness, castability, precipitation modification and grain refinement." Doctoral thesis, 2000. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22364.

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Nichtmetallische Einschlüsse üben normalerweise auf die Gebrauchseigenschaften von Stählen einen schädlichen Einfluss aus. Sie können aber unter gewissen Bedingungen positiv sein. Hohe Gebrauchseigenschaften von Stählen können garantiert werden, wenn die Größe nichtmetallischer Einschlüsse unter einem kritischen Niveau gehalten wird. Die vorliegende Studie dient dem Zweck, die Verfahrenstechnik zur Erzeugung feiner Oxidteilchen nahe oder unter 1 mm Durchmesser, die als Keime für die Bildung feinverteilten Ferrits und feinverteilter Ausscheidungen dienen, zu entwickeln. Alternative Desoxidationstechniken sind ein erfolgversprechender Ansatz, die genannten Wirkungen zu erreichen. Die Einflüsse von Desoxidationsmitteln wie Al, Ti, Zr und Mn sowie der Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit auf die Oxideinschlüsse sowie deren Größe, Verteilung und Anzahl werden untersucht. Die Keimbildungsmechanismen feinverteilten Ferrits und feinverteilter Ausscheidungen werden vorgestellt. Der physikalische Mechanismus des Nozzle Cloggings wird vorgestellt und quantativ interpretiert. Eine gute Vergießbarkeit wird durch die Erzeugung von feinverteilten sphärischen Einschlüssen mit glatter Oberfläche, hoher Dichte und kleinem Benetzungswinkel garantiert. Desweiteren wird auch ein modifizierter e-Formalismus zur exakten thermodynamischen Analyse metallischer Schmelzen und ein Modell zur Berechnung des Wachstums von Oxideinschlüssen in Stahlschmelzen während der Erstarrung entwickelt.
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Ma, Zhongting [Verfasser]. "Control of nonmetallic inclusions in continuously cast steels in view of macro-cleanliness, castability, precipitation modification and grain refinement / vorgelegt von Zhongting Ma." 2001. http://d-nb.info/962309869/34.

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Books on the topic "Nonmetallic Inclusions"

1

Douglas, Brent A. Nonmetallic inclusions in HSLA steel weldments. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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2

Murakami, Y. Metal fatigue: Effects of small defects and nonmetallic inclusions. Oxford: Elsevier, 2002.

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3

Gubenko, Svetlana Ivanovna. Transformat͡s︡ii͡a︡ nemetallicheskikh vkli͡u︡cheniĭ v stali. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1991.

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4

Keegan, Neil John. Nonmetallic inclusion modification and its effect on the final properties of a linepipe steel. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 1987.

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Murakami, Yukitaka. Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions. Elsevier Science, 2002.

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Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions. Elsevier Science, 2002.

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Czesław, Kordziński, ed. Wtrącenia niemetaliczne w stopach żelaza. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, 1988.

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Parrish, Geoffrey. Carburizing. ASM International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cmp.9781627083379.

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Carburizing: Microstructures and Properties explains how to recognize and address problems associated with case carburizing treatments for steels. It examines the nature of internal oxidation, decarburization, free carbides, and retained austenite and their effect on fatigue and fracture strength, wear resistance, impact toughness, hardness, and other properties. It discusses the influence of grain size, microcracking, microsegregation, and nonmetallic inclusions and explains how composition and cooling rate determine the core properties of carburized steel parts and how alloy and carbon content largely determine the depth and hardness of the case. It also discusses the effect of tempering, refrigeration, grinding, roller burnishing, and shot peening, and makes extensive use of images, graphs, charts, and examples throughout. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-666-9, follow this link.
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Book chapters on the topic "Nonmetallic Inclusions"

1

Ototani, Tohei. "Influence of Calcium on Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steels." In Calcium Clean Steel, 62–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82752-5_5.

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Sharma, Mukesh, and Neslihan Dogan. "Comparison of Dissolution Kinetics of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steelmaking Slag." In Advanced Real Time Imaging II, 119–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06143-2_12.

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Murakami, Y. "Effects of Nonmetallic Inclusions on the Fatigue Strength of Metals." In Micromechanics and Inhomogeneity, 283–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8919-4_19.

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Glaws, Peter C., and Michael E. Burnett. "The Effect of Nonmetallic Inclusions on Bending Fatigue Performance in High-Strength Steels." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 11th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 502–18. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160020170011.

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Li, Xiang, Yanping Bao, Lu Lin, Linzhu Wang, and Xiaobai Yan. "Study on the Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions in N510L Beam Plate During Production Process." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 755–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch96.

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Li, Xiang, Yanping Bao, Lu Lin, Linzhu Wang, and Xiaobai Yan. "Study on the Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions in N510L Beam Plate during Production Process." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 755–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48217-0_96.

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Kang, Youngjo, Piotr R. Scheller, Du Sichen, and Kazuki Morita. "In Situ Observation on the Interactions of Nonmetallic Inclusions on the Surface of Liquid Steel." In Advanced Real Time Imaging II, 13–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06143-2_2.

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Ladutkin, Dmitrij, Elizabeta Korte, Mark Bleymehl, Christian Bruch, and Karl-Georg Doppler. "Advantages of Si Deoxidation of Bearing Steels for Steel Cleanness and for Composition and Morphology of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Rolled Product." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 11th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 48–62. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160020160149.

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Vegter, Erik, Hans Krock, Yuri Kadin, and Václav Ocelík. "Nonmetallic Inclusion Bonding in Bearing Steel and the Initiation of White-Etching Cracks." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 11th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 519–32. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160020160145.

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Fujimatsu, Takeshi. "Investigation of Fatigue Behavior around Nonmetallic Inclusion Using a Newly Developed Rolling Contact Fatigue Test Method." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 12th Volume, Progress in Bearing Steel Metallurgical Testing and Quality Assurance, 103–30. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp162320190100.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nonmetallic Inclusions"

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Glaessgen, Edward, Dawn Phillips, Erin Iesulauro, Erik Saether, and Robert Piascik. "A Multiscale Approach to Modeling Fracture in Metallic Materials Containing Nonmetallic Inclusions." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1616.

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Toyoda, Shunsuke, Sota Goto, Takatoshi Okabe, Hideto Kimura, Shuichi Sato, Shintaro Kumazawa, Satoru Yabumoto, Akio Sato, and Tomohiro Inoue. "Metallurgical Design and Performance of HFW Linepipe With a High-Quality Weld Seam Suitable for Sour Services." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10412.

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To clarify the effects of inclusions on the sour resistance properties of X60- to X70-grade steel, their resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) was numerically simulated. The steel was assumed to have a yield strength of 562 MPa and a tensile strength of 644 MPa for the simulation. To estimate the effect of nonmetallic inclusions, a virtual inclusion was situated at the center of a 10-mm-thick HIC test specimen. Tests were performed using NACE test solution A. The crack initiation criterion was determined as a function of the diffusible hydrogen concentration, the diameter of the inclusion, the edge radius of the inclusion, and the fracture toughness of the matrix after hydrogen absorption. The crack propagation was calculated as a function of the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the steel matrix and the gasification reaction ratio of hydrogen at the interface of the steel matrix and the inclusion. Based on the results of the numerical estimation, high-frequency electric resistance welded (HFW) Linepipe with a high-quality weld seam was developed. Controlling the morphology and distribution of oxides generated during the welding process by means of temperature and deformation distribution control is the key factor for improving resistance to HIC.
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Toyoda, Shunsuke, Sota Goto, Takatoshi Okabe, Hideto Kimura, Satoshi Igi, Yutaka Matsui, Satoru Yabumoto, Akio Sato, Masahito Suzuki, and Tomohiro Inoue. "Metallugical Design and Performance of ERW Linepipe With High-Quality Weld Seam Suitable for Extra-Low-Temperature Services." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90448.

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To clarify the effect of inclusions on the Charpy impact properties, the 2 mm V-notched Charpy properties of X60 – X80-grades steel were numerically simulated using the finite element method code ABAQUS. The yield strength and the tensile strength of the steel were 562 MPa and 644 MPa, respectively. The striker’s velocity and the temperature dependency of the stress-strain curve were taken into account. To estimate the effect of nonmetallic inclusions, a 200 μm long virtual inclusion with a 1 μm edge radius was situated at the maximum point of the stress triaxiality. Four types of micro crack initiation were determined: (a) ductile void generation in the matrix, (b) cleavage crack generation in the matrix, (c) void generation by inclusion fracture and (d) void generation by matrix-inclusion interface debonding. Without inclusions, a ductile micro void was generated when the striker stroke was 3.3 mm, independent of the temperature. With inclusions, an inclusion fracture occurred when the striker stroke was 0.6 mm at room temperature. The striker stroke decreased as the temperature decreased. Based on the above numerical estimation results, electric resistance welded (ERW) Linepipe with high-quality weld seam MightySeam® has been developed. Controlling the morphology and distribution of oxides generated during the welding process by means of temperature and deformation distribution control is the key factor for improving the low-temperature toughness. The Charpy transition temperature of the developed ERW pipe was much lower than −45°C. Based on the low-temperature hydrostatic burst test with a notched weld seam at −20 °C, the MightySeam® weld provides a fracture performance that is the same as UOE Double Submerged Arc Welded pipe. The pipe has been used in actual, highly demanding, severe environments.
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Toyoda, Shunsuke, Sota Goto, Yasushi Kato, Satoru Yabumoto, and Akio Sato. "Recent Development of HFW Linepipe With a High-Quality Weld Seam Suitable for Sour Service Environments." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33206.

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Based on the appreciable progress being made in quality control and assurance technology for the electric resistance welding process, the number of applications for high-frequency electric resistance welded (HFW) linepipe in highly demanding, severe environments, such as offshore and sour environments, has gradually increased. Resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) is the most important property for a linepipe to possess for use in sour environments. However, resistance to HIC, especially along the longitudinal weld seam, has not yet been fully related to metallurgical factors. In this study, to clarify the effects of inclusions on the sour resistance properties of X60- to X70-grade steels, their resistances to HIC were numerically simulated. For the simulation, the steels were assumed to have a yield strength of 562 MPa and a tensile strength of 644 MPa. To estimate the effect of nonmetallic inclusions, a virtual inclusion was situated at the center of a 10-mm-thick HIC test specimen. Tests were performed using NACE test solution A. The crack propagation rate was calculated as a function of the content of diffusible hydrogen, the diameter of the inclusion, and the fracture toughness of the matrix after hydrogen absorption. In the propagation calculation, the resistance to chemical reactions at the interface of the inclusion matrix was also considered to be a delaying factor. By assuming a resistance to chemical reactions at the interface, the crack propagation rate could be fitted to the actual HIC propagation rate. Based on the numerical simulation results, HFW linepipe with a high-quality weld seam was developed. Controlling the morphologies and distributions of oxides generated during the welding process is the key factor for improving the resistance to HIC. Using a combination of optimized chemical composition, microstructure and oxide content, the weld seam of the developed X70-grade HFW steel pipe showed excellent resistance to HIC.
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Zuckerman, Neil, and Jennifer R. Lukes. "Monte Carlo Modeling of Phonon Transport Using Scattering Phase Functions." In ASME 2008 3rd Energy Nanotechnology International Conference collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/enic2008-53022.

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The calculation of heat transport in nonmetallic materials at small length scales is important in the design of thermoelectric and electronic materials. New designs with quantum dot superlattices (QDS) and other nanometer-scale structures can change the thermal conductivity in ways that are difficult to model and predict. The Boltzmann Transport Equation can describe the propagation of energy via mechanical vibrations in an analytical fashion but remains difficult to solve for the problems of interest. Numerical methods for simulation of propagation and scattering of high frequency vibrational quanta (phonons) in nanometer-scale structures have been developed but are either impractical at micron length scales, or cannot truly capture the details of interactions with nanometer-scale inclusions. Monte Carlo (MC) models of phonon transport have been developed and demonstrated based on similar numerical methods used for description of electron transport [1-4]. This simulation method allows computation of thermal conductivity in materials with length scales LX in the range of 10 nm to 10 μm. At low temperatures the model approaches a ballistic transport simulation and may function for even larger length scales.
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Briottet, Laurent, Marielle Escot, Isabelle Moro, Gian Marco Tamponi, Jader Furtado, Jussi Solin, and Paolo Bortot. "Crack Initiation and Propagation Under Hydrogen-Enhanced Fatigue of a Cr-Mo Steel for Gaseous Hydrogen Storage." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28291.

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The current international standards and codes dedicated to the design of pressure vessels do not properly ensure fitness for service of such vessel used for gaseous hydrogen storage and subjected to hydrogen enhanced fatigue. Yet, hydrogen can reduce the fatigue life in two ways: by decreasing the crack initiation period and by increasing the fatigue crack growth rate. The European project MATHRYCE aims are to propose an easy to implement vessel design methodology based on lab-scale tests and taking into account hydrogen enhanced fatigue. The study is focused on a low alloy Cr-Mo steel, exhibiting a tempered bainitic and martensitic microstructure, and classically used to store hydrogen gas up to 45 MPa. Due to hydrogen diffusion at room temperature in such steel, tests have to be performed under hydrogen pressure to avoid outgassing. In the present work, experimental procedures have been developed to study both crack initiation and crack growth. The specimens and tests instrumentation have been specifically designed to quantitatively measure in-situ these two stages under high hydrogen pressure. We developed and tested crack gages located close to a small drilled notch. This notch simulates the presence of steel nonmetallic inclusions and other microstructural features that can affect fatigue crack initiation and propagation. The experimental results addressing the effects of the testing conditions, such as stress ratio, frequency and hydrogen pressure will be compared to the local strain and stress fields obtained by Finite Element Method and correlated to the possible hydrogen enhanced fatigue mechanisms involved.
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Rodgers, John M., and Richard M. Tilley. "Standardization of Acoustic Emission Testing of Fossil Power Plant Seam-Welded High Energy Piping." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2248.

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The structural integrity of seamed fossil high energy piping has become a major safety and O&M issue again with eight recent failures of seam-welded piping since 1992. These include failure of six superheat link piping segments, two of them catastrophic, and the failures of two long-seamed bends in hot reheat lines. Advanced methods of inspecting piping welds with ultrasonic techniques, such as Time Of Flight Diffraction and Focused/Phased Arrays, is pushing back the envelop of detection to earlier stages of creep damage. But these are still very expensive and involve considerable logistics planning and downtime to perform. EPRI has sponsored development activities since 1986 to mature the utilization of a real-time online evaluation method for seam-welded piping: Acoustic Emission (AE) Guidelines were published in 1995, and over 90 full-scale tests have been performed from 1996–2003 to develop a database and correlate results with other established evaluation methods. Tests to date have shown high sensitivity to early stage creep damage, which is evidenced by development of cavities (cavitation) around nonmetallic inclusions and carbides in the grain boundaries of the weld heat affected zone and fusion zone. Successful double-blind testing with advanced ultrasonsic inspection methods, and additional confirmation with advanced cryo-cracking metallography, have proven both the reliability and sensitivity of the AE technique. The economics of the method are highly favorable. Only small areas of insulation need to be removed every 4.6–6.1 m (15–20 ft) to weld “waveguides” to the piping surface. These form a linear location array along the length of piping, providing global coverage of the piping system. Testing is performed online with normal peak loading and load cycling. No outage schedule is required to perform the AE examination. The ASTM E07.04 Subcommittee on Acoustic Emission is currently developing a standard based on the EPRI testing database: Document WK658, “Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Examination of Seam-Welded High Energy Piping.” Results will be presented showing that the AE method has become a reliable and economical field evaluation tool for seamed high energy piping.
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Sood, Bhanu, and Michael Pecht. "Conductive Filament Formation in Printed Circuit Boards – Effects of Reflow Conditions and Flame Retardants." In ISTFA 2009. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2009p0301.

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Abstract Failures in printed circuit boards account for a significant percentage of field returns in electronic products and systems. Conductive filament formation is an electrochemical process that requires the transport of a metal through or across a nonmetallic medium under the influence of an applied electric field. With the advent of lead-free initiatives, boards are being exposed to higher temperatures during lead-free solder processing. This can weaken the glass-fiber bonding, thus enhancing conductive filament formation. The effect of the inclusion of halogen-free flame retardants on conductive filament formation in printed circuit boards is also not completely understood. Previous studies, along with analysis and examinations conducted on printed circuit boards with failure sites that were due to conductive filament formation, have shown that the conductive path is typically formed along the delaminated fiber glass and epoxy resin interfaces. This paper is a result of a year-long study on the effects of reflow temperatures, halogen-free flame retardants, glass reinforcement weave style, and conductor spacing on times to failure due to conductive filament formation.
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